Deprivation thesis

Anticipatory Logistics on Supply Chain Management Essay Sample. Getting the right product to the right place in the right quantity at the right time, in the best condition and at an acceptable cost is the deprivation thesis challenge of cars essay logistics. It#8217;s an area that embraces purchasing and supplier management, materials management and manufacturing, inventory management and warehousing, distribution and transport, and customer service. With all this said I do believe that the corporate world can benefit from anticipatory logistics. First there must be a definition of what #8220;anticipatory#8221; logistics really is. Just like some might interrupt #8220;logistics#8221; and #8220;Supply Chain Management (SCM)#8221; as being the same, some communities have different definitions to what these and anticipatory logistics are. In my research on deprivation this module the term #8220;anticipatory#8221; logistics is enabled by digitization. For example, an engine sensor on a military vehicle records a value that it may begin to fail; via some sort of digital communication a request is vs foreign cars, made to either supply or replenish the repair part.

While this is a basic example anticipatory logistics is using real time data to deprivation, make instant decisions about ordering or re-ordering, which in things about yourself in an essay some cases may begin the process of SCM. Before I talk about anticipatory logistics I want to discuss logistics, supply chain management, and how they differ from military to civilian. As in the article, #8220;Anticipatory logistics: The Army#8217;s answer to supply chain management,#8221; the basic components and factors of deprivation thesis SCM are extremely similar for military and civilian corporations. #8220;Logistics is a process, which interfaces and interacts with the entire company and with external companies, vendors, customers, carriers and more. Logistics is responsible for the movements of products from vendors right through to the delivery at customer#8217;s door, including moves through manufacturing facilities, warehouses, third parties, such as repackagers or distributors. It is not shipping and excellent cover finance receiving, nor is it traffic or housing. Thesis. It is writing a good book report, not shipping and receiving, nor is it traffic or warehousing. It is more. Logistics must make-work effectively.

This is required by your customers and, in turn, by your company. For effective logistics, there are five key issues.#8221; As I further read this article I noticed many similarities between what this author deemed as the 5-key issues and what the author of thesis our required read mentioned. Supply chain management is a driving factor in today#8217;s business world. Supply chains run from vendors right through to paper coasters, customers#8217; doors. Thesis. With international sourcing and international sales, the scope and complexity of supply chains can be significant. Customers, and uk their requirements, drive the process.

They demand that their orders be shipped, complete, accurate, on time, and in deprivation the manner they require. The purpose of SCM is to drive out excess inventory and unnecessary costs. The SCM must work at custom coasters all levels, strategically and tactically to be effective. Now that overviews of what Logistics and thesis Supply Chain Management are I would like to look into why anticipatory logistics can work in both civilian and military environments. As there are many similarities between the military and civilian SCM one of the biggest differences remains that the military is not in it for a profit, there profit is ensuring the custom paper uk soldier on the battlefield has what he needs. Deprivation. Civilian companies are focused on customers (same as soldiers) and stockholders. I went on essay making for solving problems a recent interview with a company called Food Lion (a East coast grocery store), as I learned more about the job I noticed how much computer and asset/tracking software is used in that industry. Every time a product is purchased at deprivation thesis one of Food Lion#8217;s store the main computer in North Carolina is updated in real time.

What this allows forecaster and analysts, at the corporate office, to do is things to write about essay, manage stockage and ordering more precisely. This is extremely important when taking about perishable items like dairy and fruits. So, this method of deprivation forecasting/anticipating requirements can be called anticipatory logistics. Food Lion is using computers, satellites (like the military#8217;s tactical internet), and complex software to maximize the SCM process. I wouldn#8217;t want to say that the military uses SCM differentlyit is just there mission is uniquely different that most corporations. For example, the writing a good book order and ship process, a critical part of the Army#8217;s supply chain, is intended to deliver supplies responsively and efficiently so weapon systems can be repaired and combat readiness can be maintained. The demand for repair or service parts is characterized by increasingly unpredictable demand and there is a paramount need to support rapid deployments and surge requirements. As a result, this supply chain must not be confused with those supporting more predictable manufacturing operations or the movements of regularly ordered commodities, like the Food Lion example above. Any supply chain for thesis predictable, regular items would be inappropriate for the military, no matter how lean and efficient. More comparable are corporations that must rely upon letter highly responsive supply chains to survive rapidly changing environments and unpredictable demands. Despite seeming dissimilarities, the computer and toy companies must both have highly responsive supply chains.

Seventy-five percent of all toys are sold in deprivation thesis the month of american vs foreign cars essay December, and computer parts depreciate precipitously within short product life cycles. Thus, stock-outs translate to lost sales, and deprivation excessive inventories are deadly to fiscal survival. Both industries must forecast accurately and adapt quickly to changing consumer needs. In conclusion, both the military and civilian corporations are using anticipatory logistics. While some may use it more and some less it all really falls into the category of utilizing computers and cover letter finance technology to deprivation, track, record, forecast, and move a product. Whether it is a 72-ton tank of a puzzle for a toy store the same SCM method can be used and are being used. Is this the perfect essay for you? Save time and order Anticipatory Logistics on Supply Chain Management. essay editing for only $13.9 per page. Top grades and quality guaranteed!

Relevant essay suggestions for Anticipatory Logistics on Supply Chain Management. Organizations have many priorities to consider on a day-to-day basis. One of those priorities is the focus on the stakeholders and by sandra cisneros ensuring they remain satisfied. One way in which stakeholders#8230; The strategic role of Supply chain management in manufacturing industry. I Introduction As a manufacturing company in UK, we spend over 50 % of our sales on purchases. Deprivation Thesis. Because such a high percentage of an organization#8217;s costs are determined by#8230; Managing an Award Winning Supply Chain. Making Suggestions Problems. In October 2008, LEGO won the prestigious European Supply Chain Excellence Award in deprivation the #8220;Logistics and Fulfillment” category.

The award recognized the supply chain changes that had been accomplished and#8230; The role of information systems in Supply Chain Management. Book Report. The purpose of this essay is to explore and evaluate the various approaches that can be taken to facilitate the management of supply chains. Supply Chain Management A terminological#8230; Logistics comprises a relatively large number of managerial activities. Discuss five of these activities and why they are important to logistics system. Logistics comprises a relatively large number of thesis managerial activities. Discuss five of these activities and why they are important to making suggestions, logistics system. 1. Transportation Transportation is one of deprivation important activity#8230; ?Acquiring Competitive Advantage through Supply Chain Management.

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Competitive advantage is crucial for a company’s success. For many business models, strategic supply chain management has become the cornerstones of their competitive weapons, for things about in an essay differentiation or cost#8230;

In this seminar, we will take an in-depth look at these famous studies (along with the more recent replications) and explore their various psychological, political and philosophical ramifications. As with other seminars, this course has a number of deprivation intellectual goals that go far beyond simply rarifying one’s understanding of cover a particular content area (important and generative as it may be). One such a goal is to enable you to think critically (though not disparagingly) about other people’s research and theoretical claims that ensue from it, all with the hope that you can then apply the self-same critical acumen to your own future work. Second, I hope that our interactions throughout the course will offer a hospitable environment for deprivation thesis, developing (and exchanging) creative ideas of your own. Writing A Good Book? Your work on your individual reaction papers and on deprivation thesis the term paper in particular will be a key element in achieving this goal. Lastly, I hope that, along with other upper-level courses, this seminar will offer a sensible (yet informal) introduction to psychological research methodology and research ethics. This objective will be met primarily through class discussions and some additional readings. CANCELLED: 483 CAPSTONE: ECONOMICS Fairness Altruism (Dillenberger) The course is designed to be an integrative experience, drawing on custom uk knowledge from economics and psychology to understand the role of fairness in behavior.

PPE 201/ECON 013 is a strict pre-requisite for this course. 401 (formerly PPE 299) Independent Study Permission needed from thesis Department. Student arranges with a faculty member to essay, pursue a research project on a suitable topic. For more information about research and setting up independent studies, visit: http://www.sas.upenn.edu/ppe/Requirements/PPEmajor/research.html. 402 Research in Philosophy, Politics Economics (PPE Post Docs) Led by postdoctoral fellows in the Philosophy, Politics and Economics program, this course teaches students how to conduct research in thesis PPE with an emphasis on creating a well-formed research question, determining what kinds of data or scholarly research bears on that question, and how to carry out an excellent cover letter finance interdisciplinary, research-driven project on thesis that question. 498 (formerly PPE 301) Directed Honors Research Permission needed from Department. Open only to senior majors in PPE. Student arranges with a faculty member to do an honors thesis on a suitable topic. For more information on honors visit: http://www.sas.upenn.edu/ppe/Requirements/honors.html. PPE 072 (HSOC 101, PHIL 072) Biomedical Ethics Society Sector (Gibbons)

REC: F 10-11 AM, 11-12 NOON, 12 -1 PM or 1-2 PM. A survey of moral problems in medicine and paper coasters, biomedical research. Problems discussed include: genetic manipulation, informed consent, infanticide, abortion, euthanasia, and deprivation, the allocation of medical resources. American Vs Foreign Cars Essay? Moral theory is presented with the aim of enabling students to think critically and analytically about moral issues. The need for setting biomedical issues in broader humanistic perspective is stressed.

PPE 153 (PSYC 253) Judgments Decisions College Quantitative Data Analysis (Royzman) Fulfills the College Quantitative Data Analysis Requirement. Prerequisite(s): One semester of statistics OR microeconomics. LEC: R 5:30-8:30 PM (SAS) and T 6-9 PM (LPS) Thinking, judgment, and personal and societal decision making, with emphasis on fallacies and thesis, biases. PPE 202 (PSCI 236) Public Policy Process (Meredith) This course introduces students to the theories and practice of the policy-making process. There are four primary learning objectives. First, understanding how the structure of political institutions matter for the policies that they produce. Second, recognizing the american, constraints that policy makers face when making decisions on behalf of the public.

Third, identifying the deprivation, strategies that can be used to overcome these constraints. Fourth, knowing the toolbox that available to participants in the policy-making process to help get their preferred strategies implemented. While our focus will primarily be on American political institutions, many of the ideas and topics discussed in book the class apply broadly to other democratic systems of government. PPE 204 (PHIL 228) Philosophy of Social Science (TBA) REC: F: 10-11 AM, 11-12 NOON, 12-1 PM, or 1-2 PM.

This course is deprivation thesis about the foundations of cisneros contemporary social science. It focuses on the nature of social systems, the similarities and differences between social and natural sciences, the construction, analysis, and confirmation of social theories, and the nature of social explanations. Specific topics may include: What are social norms and conventions? What does it mean to have one gender rather than another, or one sexual orientation rather than another? Should social systems be studied quantitatively or qualitatively? PPE 299 Independent Study Permission needed from Department.

Student arranges with a faculty member to deprivation, pursue a program of reading and to write yourself essay, writing on a suitable topic. PPE 301 Directed Honors Research Permission needed from Department. Open only to senior majors in PPE. Student arranges with a faculty member to do an honors thesis on a suitable topic. PPE 460 Research in Behavioral Ethics (Dimant) In reality, our understanding of different mechanisms and (economic) relationships is hampered by the lack of data. Deprivation? More often than not, either the observation itself is difficult or the data is not reliable. Over the things yourself in an essay, last decades, economic experiments have become a vital part of the scientific discourse, facilitating our understanding of the world we live in (much like in Biology, Chemistry, Physics or the like). Economic experiments allow exploring economic behavior under controlled conditions by generating observations under different experimental designs and controlled conditions. Pioneering this field of research, Daniel Kahneman and Vernon Smith were awarded the Nobel memorial prize in deprivation thesis recognition of their work on behavioral and experimental economics.

In this course, we provide you with the methodology of how to american vs foreign, develop a research idea and a proper experimental design that allows to thesis, explore this idea. Essentially, you will learn how to think about ideas, generate predictions, and how to use economic experiments to test them. PPE 475 Competitions and Competitive Behavior (Hart) Competitions constitute an american vs foreign important part of social and economic interactions, such as those between athletes, lawyers or developers. We will explore the deprivation thesis, psychological and physiological mechanisms behind competitive behavior, and its personal and societal implications. The course will involve readings and discussions, on writing a good book experimental and empirical research.

We will explore the following topics, among others: How our brains and our society norms affect the intensity of competition; how the social context affects our willingness to deprivation thesis, compete and exert costly effort; the consequences of competitions for contestants’ profit, and for their subsequent behavior even beyond the competition itself (for example, how rivalry affects subsequent behavior). To Write About Yourself? The course will illuminate different aspects of competitive behavior, providing a fresh angle on the benefits and drawbacks of competitions. PPE 475 Network Analysis (Sontuoso) This course addresses elements of Network Science as relevant for analyzing the connectedness of economic or, more generally, social phenomena. Building on ideas from computer science, sociology and economics, the course will examine the properties of thesis networked structures and the behavior of agents within these networks.

The models presented in vs foreign this course will aim to explain how such networked structures may determine phenomena including the spread of ideas, social norms, market practices and financial crises. (The course is designed for an interdisciplinary audience and deprivation, requires no theoretical prerequisites, but it will often present material drawn from things to write formal disciplines.) PPE 475 Modelling Choice Behavior (Bhatia) This course will examine mathematical and computational models of individual choice behavior. Thesis? It will cover modeling techniques from eleven essays psychology, cognitive science, neuroscience, and economics, and will apply these techniques to a range of diverse behavioral domains. Deprivation Thesis? This course will also examine closely related theories of learning, memory, and reaction time. There are no theoretical prerequisites for this class, though students should have some familiarity with simple mathematics, statistics, or programming. PPE 475 Fairness Altruism (Dillenberger)

The course is designed to be an integrative experience, drawing on knowledge from economics and psychology to understand the role of fairness in behavior. Cover Letter? PPE 201/ECON 013 is deprivation thesis a strict pre-requisite for this course. PPE 475 Economics of Crime and Corruption: An Interdisciplinary Perspective (Dimant) This is an undergraduate research seminar tackling the topic of crime and corruption from an interdisciplinary perspective. By Sandra Cisneros? Our focus will lie on deprivation thesis understanding the mechanism and motivation to engage in criminal and corrupt behavior from the viewpoint of, among others, economics, psychology, and criminology. Particular light will be shed on criminological theories explaining criminal behavior. Students will develop and apply this knowledge to a well-known criminal case. PPE 476 Thinking with Models (Funcke) The primary focus of the course is on understanding, designing, and analyzing simulation models. Students will come away from the course prepared to apply these models in a wide variety of interesting contexts.

This course focuses on (1) modern simulation-based metaheuristics and on (2) agent-based simulation models in the social sciences, especially in economic, in commercial and in book report strategic (game-theoretic) contexts. On the deprivation thesis, metaheuristic side, we focus on evolutionary computation, including genetic algorithms, as applied to constrained optimization problems, which are prevalent in business practice. Regarding (2), agent-based models are a relatively recent form of computer simulation that seek to explain and predict complex social phenomena “from the bottom up”, through interactions of comparatively simple agents. The course reviews experimental and theoretical results, and exposes the students to modern development environments for, as well as successful applications of, this form of simulation. A modest amount of programming will be expected of students. Excellent? All required programming knowledge will, however, be covered, and covered gently, in the course. The class is intended to be taken by students without prior programming experience. Our programming environments will be NetLogo, which is surprisingly fun and used in both education and scientific research. 008 (PHIL 008) The Social Contract Society Sector (Freeman) REC: F 10-11 AM, 11-12 NOON, and 12-1 PM. This is a critical survey of the history of western modern political philosophy, beginning from the Early Modern period and concluding with the 19th or 20th Century.

Our study typically begins with Hobbes and ends with Mill or Rawls. The organizing theme of our investigation will be the idea of the Social Contract. We will examine different contract theories as well as criticisms and proposed alternatives to the contract idea, such as utilitarianism. Besides the above, examples of authors we will read are Locke, Rousseau, Hume, Mill and Marx. 036 (ECON 036) Law and Economics (Staff) Prerequisite(s): ECON 001 or ECON 010.

Credit cannot be received for both ECON 036 and 234. The relationship of thesis economic principles to law and custom paper coasters uk, the use of economic analysis to study legal problems. Topics will include: property rights and deprivation, intellectual property; analysis of antitrust and writing report, economic analysis of legal decision making. 062 (RUSS 189) Soviet and Post-Soviet Economy (Vekker) All readings and lectures in English. 140 (CIS 140, COGS 001) Introduction to Cognitive Science (Ungar/Brainard) Fulfils the deprivation, Formal Reasoning General Requirement for the College of Arts and Sciences.

Prerequisite(s): An introductory course in Computer Science, Linguistics, Neuroscience, Philosophy or Psychology. REC: R 3-4 PM, R 4-5 PM, R 5-6 PM, R 6-7 PM, F 3-4 PM, F 4-5 PM, or F 5-6 PM. How do minds work? This course surveys a wide range of answers to writing a good book report, this question from disciplines ranging from philosophy to neuroscience. The course devotes special attention to thesis, the use of simple computational and mathematical models.

Topics include perception, learning, memory, decision making, emotion and consciousness. 153 (PSYC 253) Judgments and custom paper, Decisions (Royzman) Fulfills the College Quantitative Data Analysis Requirement. Prerequisite(s): One semester of statistics OR microeconomics. Thinking, judgment, and deprivation, personal and societal decision making, with emphasis on fallacies and biases. 201 (ECON 13) (formerly PPE 113): Strategic Reasoning (Dillenberger) Prerequisite(s): Some high school algebra Econ 1.

This course is about strategically interdependent decisions. In such situations, the making suggestions for solving, outcome of your actions depends also on deprivation thesis the actions of others. Excellent Letter Finance? When making your choice, you have to think what the deprivation thesis, others will choose, who in turn are thinking what you will be choosing, and so on. Game Theory offers several concepts and insights for understanding such situations, and for. making better strategic choices. Uk? This course will introduce and develop some basic ideas from game theory, using illustrations, applications, and cases drawn from business, economics, politics, sports, and even fiction and movies. Some interactive games will be played in class. Deprivation Thesis? There will be little formal theory, and the only pre-requisites are some high-school algebra and having taken Econ 1. However, general numeracy (facility interpreting and doing numerical graphs, tables, and arithmetic calculations) is very important. This course will also be accepted by the Economics department as an Econ course, to be counted toward the minor in Economics (or as an Econ elective).

203 (PSYC 265) Behavioral Economics and Psychology (Bhatia) Prerequisite(s): ECON 1. This course will introduce you to the study of choice, and will examine in detail what we know about custom paper coasters uk, how people make choices, and how we can influence these choices. It will utilize insights from psychology and deprivation, economics, and will apply these insights to domains including consumer choice, risky decision making, and prosocial decision making. 232 (ECON 232) Political Economy (Staff) Prerequisite(s): ECON 101; MATH 104 and MATH 114 or MATH 115. ECON 103 is making for solving problems recommended. This course examines the political and economic determinants of government policies. The course presents economic arguments for government action in the private economy.

How government decides policies via simple majority voting, representative legislatures, and executive veto and agenda-setting politics will be studied. Applications include government spending and redistributive policies. 299 Independent Study Permission needed from Department. Student arranges with a faculty member to pursue a program of reading and writing on deprivation thesis a suitable topic. 301 Directed Honors Research Permission needed from Department. Open only to senior majors in a good book report PPE. Student arranges with a faculty member to do an honors thesis on a suitable topic. 475 Economics of deprivation Crime and Corruption: An Interdisciplinary Perspective (Dimant)

This is an undergraduate research seminar tackling the book, topic of crime and corruption from an interdisciplinary perspective. Our focus will lie on understanding the mechanism and motivation to deprivation thesis, engage in criminal and corrupt behavior from the viewpoint of, among others, economics, psychology, and criminology. Particular light will be shed on criminological theories explaining criminal behavior. Students will develop and apply this knowledge to book, a well-known criminal case. 475 Public Choice and Public Policy (Sontuoso)

This course applies Public Choice theory to the analysis of deprivation thesis contemporary policy issues: specifically, it aims to american cars essay, provide an accessible introduction to the analytical tools of economics as applied to the study of the deprivation, behavior of individual actors in the governmental sector. Each class will review some positive theoretical framework(s), such as the foundations of the by sandra cisneros, rational choice theory, approaches to the aggregation of preferences, strategic behavior, voting methods, accounts of cooperation, collective action, public goods, and institutions. The last part of each class will then critically apply theoretical knowledge to relevant contemporary policy issues, including current debates on governmental decision-making processes in the US and EU, lobbying in democracies, international security, greenhouse gas reduction, etc. Note: part of the program contains a theoretical (formal) component. 475 Trust and Deception (Hart) Social interactions such as coalition formation, negotiation and thesis, bargaining, as well as day-to-day interactions between individuals, all involve the ability to mask, and uncover, non-cooperative intentions: Social norms, business etiquette, and common courtesy often compel people to mask selfish intentions. The seminar will describe theories and research findings regarding trustworthiness and its counterpart, deception. We will discuss the nature of excellent cover letter finance trust and distrust; examine signals that may convey cooperative and thesis, deceptive intentions and people's ability to writing a good report, detect such signals; and explore the consequences of trust, distrust and deception in different contexts. 475 Modeling of Social Phenomena (Funcke) During the 20th century social science, and in particular economics, went through a process of thesis increased formalization.

The period produced a library of models of social phenomena, many competing ones. In this course we will briefly browse the library, with the intention to explore classical theoretical perspectives of what is a better model and by sandra cisneros essays, ponder how increased normalization affects the social sciences. Deprivation? In the second part of the course we will engage in simple mathematical modeling of social phenomena. As a group we will iteratively criticize and refine a model, study its implications and sketch strategies for testing it. 475 (PHIL 359) Social Norms (Bicchieri)

This is an undergraduate research seminar covering interdisciplinary research in psychology, philosophy, sociology and behavioral economics related to custom coasters uk, social norms. Social norms are informal institutions that regulate social life. We will devote particular attention to the following questions: What is a good, operational definition of social norms? Is there a difference between social and moral norms?

How can we measure whether a norm exists, and the conditions under which individuals are likely to comply with it? Are behavioral experiments a good tool to answer question 3? How do norms emerge? How are norms abandoned? What is the role of trendsetters in thesis norm dynamics? 475 (PSYC 478) Obedience (Royzman)

Though almost half a century old, Milgram’s 1961-1962 studies of “destructive obedience” continue to puzzle, fascinate, and alarm. The main reason for their continued grip on the field’s attention (other than the boldness of the idea and elegance of execution) may be simply that they leave us with a portrait of essay problems human character that is radically different from the one that we personally wish to endorse or that the wider culture teaches us to accept. In this seminar, we will take an in-depth look at these famous studies (along with the more recent replications) and explore their various psychological, political and deprivation, philosophical ramifications. As with other seminars, this course has a number of intellectual goals that go far beyond simply rarifying one’s understanding of a particular content area (important and generative as it may be). One such a goal is to enable you to think critically (though not disparagingly) about other people’s research and theoretical claims that ensue from it, all with the hope that you can then apply the self-same critical acumen to excellent, your own future work. Second, I hope that our interactions throughout the course will offer a hospitable environment for developing (and exchanging) creative ideas of your own.

Your work on your individual reaction papers and on the term paper in particular will be a key element in achieving this goal. Lastly, I hope that, along with other upper-level courses, this seminar will offer a sensible (yet informal) introduction to psychological research methodology and research ethics. This objective will be met primarily through class discussions and some additional readings. Summer Session 1: TR: 9 AM - 12:50 PM.

The course studies the fundamental principles of decision-making and deprivation, applies them to a variety of social activities. By Sandra Cisneros? The decision-making is analyzed in terms of its uncertainty, rationality, effectiveness, and normative connotations. After the notion of deprivation rationality is introduced, rational decisions are scrutinized as individual choices that may or may not affect other individuals and their choices. In some situations the choices are predictable with high probability, in others with high uncertainty. The nature of situations influences the mode of eleven essays rationality applied. In the game theoretical situations, for deprivation thesis, instance, the efefctive choice must reach an equilibrium, i.e. a mutual solution acception for all rational participants. The course reevises the theory and provides applicaitons to cases of things yourself in an cooperation, defection, resoluteness, etc. as well as complex cases. Possible references for the course are Amaratya Sen, Itzhak Gilboa and deprivation thesis, Davide Kreps.

This course may be used to count towards the writing report, PPE 201 Strategic Reasoning Common Core Requirement. Summer Session 2: TR: 1:15 PM - 5:05 PM. Political competition is an important topic to study and understand because it may have consequences for a country, its international relations and its performance. The aim of the course is to introduce the students to what is thesis political competition, how political competition and suggestions for solving, market competition differ, to measurement issues and to use data and methodological techniques available to deprivation thesis, investigate the uk, importance of political competition within and across countries. During the course the theory explained will be accompanied by deprivation thesis, examples and articles that will help to for solving problems, clarify the concepts, to understand how to use available data to study political competition and its effects on e.g. economic performance of countries.

Our societyindeed, your everyday lifeis fundamentally shaped by risk. At least that’s what many prominent social theorists think and, after this course, I bet you’ll think that, too. Humanity has been attempting to predict and deprivation, control the future since ancient times, but thinking about decisions in terms of writing book report risk is a relatively new way of seeing the world. For much of human history, people looked to thesis, gods for signs about the future and saw disasters as divine retribution for the transgressions of the past. But as the scientific thought of the Enlightenment eroded deterministic thinking, the natural and social world came to be seen as uncertain and random, but with patterns that could mathematically be developed into probabilities. Such statistical thinking about costs and benefits came to shape everything from gambling to public health and essay making suggestions, birthed whole fields and industries from deprivation thesis actuarial science to about in an essay, personalized genomics. In each class we will study a single keyword related to deprivation thesis, our core conceptsrisk, disaster, and predictionand in each investigation we will analyze the keyword’s meaning, its history, and how it functions in the social world. This course will offer you a conceptual and historical understanding of the industries of risk and disaster and will give you the essay making, tools to critically assess technologies of prediction. This is a fully online course. In many ways the course is like an thesis on-campus courseit maintains the same rigor as the on-campus version and you are still expected to “meet” at specific times and to turn in by sandra assignments on deprivation thesis specific dates.

However, our “meetings” will be virtual and to write about in an, will take place in a video conferencing system called New_Row. Before each class you are expected to watch short pre-recorded videos that introduce that class’s keyword, present a case history, and set up the overarching questions for the live session. Additionally, you are expected to participate on our course site’s discussion board (more below). It will be the same amount of work as the on-campus versionno more, no lessbut you will be able to take it from anywhere in the country or the world (so long as you have a stable Internet connection). The following are the set of courses which originate in deprivation PPE or are cross-listed by PPE. In case of any doubt about the current state of any course, please contact PPE before planning your schedule of classes. Note: These are only the classes crosslisted with or run by PPE. Additional classes may be taken to fulfill common foundation and thematic elective courses. Common Foundation Courses, Crosslisted with PPE. For other Common Foundation Courses offered Spring 2016 visit the Common Foundations Page.

PPE 008 (PHIL 008) The Social Contract (B) Society Sector (Tan) REC: F 10-11 AM, 11-12 NOON, 12-1 P M, or 1-2 PM. This course examines the history and significance of social contract doctrine for modern social and political thought. Vs Foreign Cars Essay? In particular, the works of Thomas Hobbes, John Locke, J.J. Rousseau, and John Rawls will be studied.

We also study the utilitarian critique of social contract doctrine and the utilitarian views of David Hume, Adam Smith, J.S. Mill, and Karl Marx's criticism of liberal-democratic justice. This course is an thesis introduction to many of the eleven by sandra, major figures in modern political philosophy. PPE 072 (PHIL 072, HSOC 101) Biomedical Ethics Society Sector (Gibbons) REC: F 11-12 NOON or 12 -1 PM. Bioethics is an important and revealing area of study for at least two reasons. First, the questions raised within bioethics speak to thesis, universal human concerns. To Write About In An? We are all touched in some way or other by the practical and moral challenges raised by illness, disability, conception, birth, and death. Deprivation Thesis? But, second, although the issues raised within bioethics are intensely personal and practical, they also reflect philosophical concerns taken up within ethical theory, such as questions about essay making suggestions for solving, moral status, autonomy, truth-telling and justice. A central theme running throughout this course is the relationship between ethical theory, on the one hand, and the actual practices and deprivation thesis, experiences of eleven facing choices about health and mortality, on the other. We will discuss a number of particular bioethical challenges faced by deprivation, ordinary people, including abortion, treatment for severely disabled newborns, reproductive technology, confidentiality, informed consent, advance directives, euthanasia, assisted suicide, and distributive justice within the health care system.

As we explore these issues, we will not shy away from the more abstract philosophical questions they raise, just as we will consider how actual practical challenges serve as crucial test cases for ethical theories. Students will be responsible for to write about yourself in an essay, producing a series of writing assignments, completing a number of worksheets and exams, and thesis, actively contributing to book report, class discussion. PPE 073 (PHIL 073) Being Human (Gibbons) This course examines some of the central theoretical and applied questions of ethics. Deprivation? For example, what is the good life? By what measure or principles do we evaluate the rightness and things to write in an, wrongness of deprivation actions? How does ethical reasoning help us understand and address real world problems such as world hunger, social injustice, sex and race discrimination, allocation of scarce resources and paper coasters uk, the like. The course can be organized around an applied topic or practical issue such as global ethics, just war, biomedical ethics or environmental ethics.

PPE 153 (PSYC 253) Judgments Decisions College Quantitative Data Analysis Req. (Royzman) Prerequisite(s): One semester of deprivation thesis statistics OR microeconomics. LEC: R 5:30-8:30 PM (SAS) or T 6-9 PM (LPS) Thinking, judgment, and personal and societal decision making, with emphasis on fallacies and biases. PPE 202/PSCI 236 The Public Policy Process (Levendusky) LEC: MW 11-12 NOON. REC: W 2-3 PM, W 3-4 PM, R 9-10 AM, R 3-4 PM, R 4:30-5:30 PM, OR F 11-12 NOON. This course integrates economic, ethical and political perspectives. It examines competing theories, models, and analytical frameworks for understanding policymaking. The course will focus on: 1. To Write Yourself In An? How public problems are framed and thesis, described; 2. What criteria are useful in to write about in an essay developing and deprivation thesis, assessing policy choices; and 3. How policy choices and outcomes are mediated and influenced by individuals, organizations and political institutions.

PPE 203/PSYC 265 Behavioral Economics and Psychology (Bhatia) Prerequisite(s): ECON 1. LEC: TR 12-1:30 PM. This course applies psychological research to economic theory, investigating what happens when agents have human limitations and complications. The effects of writing book report limited cognitive capacities, willpower, and self-interest will be considered. PPE 204/Phil 228 Philosophy of Social Science (Krut-Landau)

Prerequisite(s): Econ 1, Econ 2, Phil 8, PPE 201. REC: F 10-11 AM, 11-12 NOON, 12-1 PM, or 1-2 PM. This course explores some crucial foundational issues of contemporary social science. It focuses on various types of explanation, the construction of social models, and thesis, their validation. Specific topics will include: 1. Rational choice models (including game-theoretic ones) and alternative models of bounded rationality; 2. Experimental models in economics and psychology and whether they present a radical departure from traditional economic models; 3. Evolutionary models of the essay suggestions for solving problems, emergence of institutions, and agent-based simulations of such dynamics. In particular, we will explore theoretical and empirical models of trust, reciprocity, cooperation and deprivation thesis, fairness, asking what motivates individuals to engage in pro-social behavior and how such behavior can emerge and persist. This course will cover some of the material presented in other Core courses, with particular attention to foundational and explanatory issues that are not usually discussed in a typical social science course. Potential Thematic Concentration Courses, crosslisted with PPE.

PPE 225/PHIL 226/PHIL 521 Philosophy of Biology Natural Science Math Sector (Weisberg) REC: R 10-11 AM, F 11-12 NOON. This course consists of a detailed examination of essay making suggestions problems evolutionary theory and its philosophical foundations. The course begins with a consideration of Darwin's formulation of evolutionary theory and the main influences on Darwin. We will then consider two contemporary presentations of the thesis, theory Richard Dawkins' and things to write about in an, Richard Lewontin's.

The remainder of the course will deal with a number of deprivation thesis foundational issues and may include discussions of cover adaptation, what constitutes a species, whether there is evolutionary progress, and the concept of deprivation thesis fitness. We will also discuss the units of selection, the custom coasters, alleged reduction of deprivation classical genetics to molecular genetics, and the possibility of grounding ethics in evolutionary theory. PHIL 273 Ethics in the Professions: Business Ethics (Sinderbrand) Is abortion wrong? Or euthanasia? Are we justified in eating animals? Why, or why not? We will explore these and other life and death problems in a systematic way, seeing how the reasons we give in things to write about answer to one question may influence what we can consistently say about others. PPE 275/PSYC 275 Political Psychology (Tetlock) LEC: R 1:30-4:30 PM. This course will explore psychological approaches to understanding political beliefs, attitudes, and actions at the levels of both individual citizens and national leaders.

It will also explore the possibility that psychological science itself is not immune to deprivation, the political debates swirling around it. Specific topics will include: the workings of belief systems (and their power to by sandra, shape what we see), cognitive biases (and their power to deprivation thesis, cause miscalculations), sacred values and their role in stabilizing belief systems and social interaction, personality and ideology (the linkages between the personal and yourself in an essay, the political), and deprivation thesis, clashing conceptions of morality and cisneros essays, distributive and corrective justice (striking variations among people in what they consider to be fair). Deprivation Thesis? We shall also explore some topics that have sparked controversy in the psychological research literature and that tend to polarize opinion along political lines, including work on things to write essay intelligence and unconscious bias. PPE 277 (PHIL 277) Justice, Law and deprivation, Morality (Freeman) REC: F 10-11 AM, F 11-12 NOON, F 12-1 PM, F 1-2 PM. In this course we will focus on the philosophical background to the exercise of legitimate political power and american cars essay, the bases for individuals' constitutional rights under the U.S. Constitution. The course will concentrate on 1st Amendment freedom of deprivation religion, freedom of speech and expression, and writing a good book, freedom association; the 14th Amendment guarantee of liberty and due process, including the right of privacy, abortion, and the right to die; the equal protection clause and its bearing on affirmative action and equal political rights; and the Takings and Contract clauses and their relationship to rights of deprivation thesis private property and economic freedom. We will read Supreme Court decisions concerning these and other issues, in conjunction with works by John Locke on religious toleration, J.S.

Mill on liberty, and Ronald Dworkin, Cass Sunstein, and other political and legal theorists. PPE 299 Independent Study Permission needed from things to write yourself in an essay Department. Student arranges with a faculty member to pursue a program of reading and writing on a suitable topic. PPE 301 Directed Honors Research Permission needed from Department. Open only to senior majors in thesis PPE. Student arranges with a faculty member to do an honors thesis on report a suitable topic. NURS 830: Conducting Research in Global Women's Health (Teitelman) - Course Flyer. The course focuses on critical examination of theoretical and methodological issues pertaining to research on women and girls conducted around the world across disciplines.

A focused and intensive exploration of place as it pertains to women and girls in formal and informal structures of health care delivery as those needing and/or seeking health care, and as those providing health care to others. We will examine multiple dimensions and qualities of these endeavors (e.g. activity, power, control, visibility, value, and remuneration) and the intersection of gender and health - locally, globally and across borders. We will focus our examination on deprivation the implications of seeking and providing health care for women’s and girls’ health and things about essay, well-being. By examining issues in local and global contexts and across geographical boundaries, we will have the opportunity to challenge gendered, class, political, and cultural assumptions related to deprivation thesis, women’s health. Invited guest speakers will highlight examples of research in global women’s health representing multiple disciplinary perspectives. PPE 475-301: Competitions and Competitive Behavior (Hart) Competitions constitute an important part of social and economic interactions, such as those between athletes, lawyers or developers. We will explore the psychological and physiological mechanisms behind competitve behavior, and its personal and societal implications.

The course will involve readings and discussions on experimental and empirical research. We will explore the custom paper uk, following topics, among others; How our brains and thesis, our society norms affect the essays, intensity of competition; how the social context affects our willingness to compete and exert costly effort; the deprivation, consequences of competitions for contestants' profit, and for their subsequent behavior - even beyond the competition itself (for example, how rivalry affects subsequent behavior). The course will illuminate different aspects of competitive behavior, providing a fresh angle on things to write yourself in an the benefits and drawbacks of competitions. PPE 475-302: Network Analysis (Sontuoso) This course addresses elements of Network Science as relevant for thesis, analyzing the excellent, connectedness of economic or, more generally, social phenomena. Building on ideas from computer science, sociology and economics, the course will examine the properties of networked structures and deprivation thesis, the behavior of agents within these networks: the models presented in this course will aim at explaining how such networked structures may determine phenomena including the spread of ideas, social norms, market practices and financial crises. (The course is designed for an interdisciplinary audience and uk, requires no theoretical prerequisites, but it will often present material drawn from formal disciplines.) PPE 475-303: Resource Allocation and American Political Institutions (Miller) SEM: TR 10:30-12 NOON.

This course will focus on the ways in which institutions channel decision-making processes by individuals and groups. David Easton once defined politics as “the process that determines the authoritative allocation of values.” Institutionsin the thesis, form of eleven essays rules, procedures, and normsgive structure to this process of allocation. We'll explore the main theories used to explain the emergence and deprivation, evolution of political institutions, and how they are used to writing a good book report, resolve problems of collective action and resource allocation. With this foundation in place, the latter part of the course will examine the purpose and performance of a particular institution: redistricting commissions. We'll consider the context in which these commissions operate and how these commissions compare to deprivation, alternative redistricting authorities. The final portion of the class will involve a simulation in which groups of students will construct a district map and advocate for its adoption. PPE 475-304: Fairness and Altruism (Dillenberger) The course is writing report designed to be an integrative experience, drawing on thesis knowledge from economics and psychology to understand the role of essay suggestions for solving fairness in behavior.

PPE 475-305: Economics of Corruption: An Interdisciplinary Perspective (Dimant) This is an undergraduate research seminar tackling the topic of corruption from an deprivation interdisciplinary perspective. Our focus will lie on understanding the mechanism and excellent letter, motivation to thesis, engage in corrupt behavior from the viewpoint of, among others, economics, psychology, and criminology. Particular light will be shed on criminological theories explaining criminal behavior in general. Students will develop and a good book report, apply this knowledge to the specific case of corruption. Understanding the underlying mechanism of deprivation thesis such illicit behavior will facilitate our understanding of eleven cisneros essays both the antecedents and thesis, effects of corruption. Students will capitalize on this knowledge and american cars, apply it to recent and prominent corruption cases both on the business (including FIFA, Siemens, Pfizer and the like) and society level (including recent events in Russia and China). PPE 476-301: Thinking with Models (Funcke)

The primary focus of the deprivation, course is on understanding, designing, and analyzing simulation models. Eleven? Students will come away from the course prepared to apply these models in a wide variety of interesting contexts. This course focuses on (1) modern simulation-based metaheuristics and on (2) agent-based simulation models in the social sciences, especially in economic, in commercial and in strategic (game-theoretic) contexts. On the metaheuristic side, we focus on evolutionary computation, including genetic algorithms, as applied to thesis, constrained optimization problems, which are prevalent in business practice. Regarding (2), agent-based models are a relatively recent form of computer simulation that seek to explain and predict complex social phenomena “from the bottom up”, through interactions of comparatively simple agents.

The course reviews experimental and theoretical results, and exposes the students to modern development environments for, as well as successful applications of, this form of simulation. A modest amount of programming will be expected of students. All required programming knowledge will, however, be covered, and by sandra essays, covered gently, in the course. The class is intended to be taken by students without prior programming experience. Our programming environments will be NetLogo, which is surprisingly fun and used in deprivation thesis both education and scientific research. The following are the set of courses which originate in PPE or are cross-listed by PPE. In case of any doubt about the current state of any course, please contact PPE before planning your schedule of classes. Note: These are only the classes crosslisted with or run by PPE. Additional classes may be taken to fulfill common foundation and thematic elective courses.

New Class that may be of Interest: LAW 992-401 Ethics, National Security and the Rule of Law (Finkelstein) Theme. This full year seminar will meet every other week for eleven cisneros, a full year, allowing students to develop a publishable seminar paper on an interdisciplinary topic relating to the ethical or legal status of an aspect of national security policy. Thesis? We will begin with readings relating to finance, the foundations of just war theory, both classical and contemporary in nature. We will then address a number of topics relating to current debates in national security policy, such as the legitimacy and legality of recent surveillance practices, the ethics of leaks, defense strategies such as the expanding use of deprivation thesis drone warfare, the implications of report new weaponry such as autonomous weapons systems and other robotic-based technologies, the current extent and nature of classification practices and debates about thesis, transparency and excellent letter, secrecy in government, the threat of novel forms of war such as cyberwar, biological warfare, the nature of the thesis, Presidential war-making power, the role of the other branches in government in participating in for solving problems war-related decisions, and related themes. Deprivation Thesis? In addition to preparing a seminar-length paper for publication, students will engage in teams with the work of the Center for Ethics and the Rule of Law (CERL), participating in its two major conferences during the 2015-16 academic year. Class meetings will take place over served or brown bag lunches every other week, and will feature both outside speakers and student presentations featuring work-in-progress. Students will have an opportunity to advance their knowledge of paper coasters uk current debates in national security as well as develop their professional writing skills through close consultation with the instructor and other students, as well as by interacting with invited guests on topics of common interest. Students are expected to thesis, attend CERL’s major events during the academic year.

The fall conference (December 3-5) will address the moral and legal aspects of vs foreign cars combat trauma prevention and treatment. The spring conference (April 14 16) will address the ethics of negotiation, focusing on negotiations in a national security context, such as the nuclear weapons reduction negotiations with Iran, the deprivation, morality and legality of by sandra essays negotiating with hostage-takers, and the legitimacy of negotiating with unlawful combatant groups in deprivation thesis asymmetrical warfare. Students will receive three credits; 1.5 credits in the fall and 1.5 credits in eleven by sandra essays the spring. Writing credit offered for deprivation thesis, qualifying papers. Eleven By Sandra Cisneros Essays? Undergraduates by permission of instructor only. PPE 008 (PHIL 008) The Social Contract (Noah) This course examines the history and significance of social contract doctrine for modern social and political thought. In particular, the works of Thomas Hobbes, John Locke, J.J.

Rousseau, and John Rawls will be studied. We also study the thesis, utilitarian critique of vs foreign essay social contract doctrine and the utilitarian views of David Hume, Adam Smith, J.S. Mill, and Karl Marx's criticism of deprivation liberal-democratic justice. Essay Making Problems? This. course is an introduction to many of the major figures in modern political philosophy. PPE 073 (PHIL 073) Ethics and deprivation, the Environment (Santana) In this course, we examine the philosophical underpinnings of environmentalism by considering important cases such as climate change, biodiversity loss, and non-human animal welfare. We will focus chiefly on questions related to environmental values: What sorts of values motivate environmentalism?

Who or what is the source of those values? How can we assess environmental values in situations of trade-off or value conflict? We will look for answers to the questions in tradittional ethical theories such as utilitarianism, deontology and virtue ethics as well as from environment-specific theoretical frameworks, such as conservation biology, eco-feminism, eco-theology and environmental economics. About Yourself Essay? Students shoud leave the course prepared to engage in deprivation thesis sophisticated and rigorous reasoning and discussion about environmental issues. No prior experience with philosophy is assumed. PPE 153 (PSYC 253)Judgments and Decisions College Quantitative Data Analysis Req. (Royzman) Judgments, decisions under certainty and uncertainty, problem solving, logic, rationality, and moral thinking. PPE 201 (ECON 13) (formerly PPE 113): Strategic Reasoning Offered in Fall (Dillenberger) Prerequisite(s): Econ 1. This course is about strategically interdependent decisions. In such situations, the outcome of your actions depends also on the actions of others.

When making your choice, you have to think what the others will choose, who in turn are thinking what you will be choosing, and so on. Letter Finance? Game Theory offers several concepts and insights for understanding such situations, and for making better strategic choices. This course will introduce and develop some basic ideas from game theory, using illustrations, applications, and cases drawn from business, economics, politics, sports, and even fiction and movies. Some interactive games will be played in class. Deprivation? There will be little formal theory, and custom paper uk, the only deprivation pre-requisites are some high-school algebra and having taken Econ 1. However, general numeracy (facility interpreting and doing numerical graphs, tables, and arithmetic calculations) is very important. Paper Uk? This course will also be accepted by the Economics department as an Econ course, to be counted toward the Minor in deprivation Economics (or as an Econ elective).

Potential Thematic Electives, crosslisted with PPE: PPE 036 (ECON 36) Law and Economics (Garcia-Jimeno) Prerequisite(s): ECON 001 and 002. Credit cannot be received for both ECON 036 and 234. The relationship of economic principles to law and the use of letter economic analysis to study legal problems. Topics will include: property rights and intellectual property; analysis of antitrust and economic analysis of legal decision making. PPE 062 (RUSS 189) Soviet and Post-Soviet Economy (Vekker) All readings and lectures in English.

PPE 140 (CIS 140) Introduction to thesis, Cognitive Science (Ungar/Brainard) Prerequisite(s): An introductory course in Computer Science, Linguistics, Neuroscience, Philosophy or Psychology. How do minds work? This course surveys a wide range of answers to this question from disciplines ranging from philosophy to neuroscience. Eleven By Sandra Cisneros Essays? The course devotes special attention to the use of simple computational and deprivation thesis, mathematical models. Topics include perception, learning, memory, decision making, emotion and custom paper uk, consciousness.

PPE 244 (Phil 244) Introduction to Philosophy of Mind (Miracchi) This course will survey several central topics in philosophy of mind, as well as investigating how philosophy of the mind interacts with scientific study of the mind. Among the questions we'll be asking are: What is it to have a mind? What is the relationship between the mind and the brain? Can there be a science of the deprivation thesis, mind? What can it tell us? What can philosophy contribute to a science of the mind?

What is cars essay consciousness? What is it to think, to thesis, perceive, to act? How are perception, thought, and action related to one another? . PPE 271 (PHIL 271) Global Justice (Tan) This course is an introduction to essay, some of the central problems in global justice. Some of the topics that we will examine include realism, human rights, sovereignty and intervention economic justice, and war and morality. We will look at deprivation thesis questions such as: Is it coherent to talk about global justice, or is the global arena essentially a Hobbesian state of nature? In what sense are human rights universal? Is the idea of american essay universal rights compatible with the political sovereignty of states? What is the basis of this duty? What is a just war? What is terrorism, and what are the moral limits in combating terrorism?

Can a state engage in military intervention to defend human rights in a foreign country? Readings will be draw from thesis contemporary authors such as Rawls, Walzer, and Sen, as well as historical figures like Kant and Hobbes. Cover Letter? This course examines some of the common problems in global justice. We will look at questions such as: What is the thesis, relationship between justice and national/state boundaries? Should distributive principles be limited to states or should they have global application? What is a just war? What is the difference between war and terrorism? Do states have the right (or even duty) to intervene in another state to american vs foreign essay, protect basic human rights? What are human rights? Are they universal, or should they be limited by cultural considerations?

By Permit or Approval : 290 Topics applicable for deprivation thesis, Choice and Behavior Theme taken outside Penn. 291 Topics applicable for Distributive Justice Theme taken outside Penn. 292 Topics applicable for things to write essay, Globalization Theme taken outside Penn. 293 Topics applicable for Public Policy and Governance Theme taken outside Penn. 294 Topics applicable for Ethics and Professions Theme taken outside Penn. 298 Study Abroad. 299 Independent Study. Student arranges with a faculty member to pursue a program of reading and writing on a suitable topic.

301 Directed Honors Research. Open only to senior majors in PPE. Student arranges with a faculty member to do an deprivation honors thesis on a suitable topic. PPE 475-301 Economics of Crime and Corruption: An Interdisciplinary Perspective (Dimant) This is an undergraduate research seminar tackling the excellent cover letter, topic of crime and corruption from an interdisciplinary perspective. Our focus will lie on deprivation thesis understanding the mechanism and motivation to engage in criminal and corrupt behavior from the viewpoint of, among others, economics, psychology, and criminology. Particular light will be shed on criminological theories explaining criminal behavior. Students will develop and cars, apply this knowledge to a well-known criminal case. PPE 475-302 Public Choice and thesis, Public Policy (Sontuoso)

This course applies Public Choice theory to the analysis of contemporary policy issues: while maintaining an interdisciplinary nature, it aims at providing an introduction to writing a good book report, the analytical tools of economics as applied to the study of current issues in political science. Each class will begin with a survey of some positive theoretical framework(s), including the deprivation, foundations of the rational choice theory, approaches to cover letter, the aggregation of preferences, strategic behavior, voting methods, accounts of cooperation, collective action, public goods, and institutions. The last part of each class will then critically apply theoretical knowledge to relevant contemporary policy issues, including current debates on governmental decision-making processes in the US and EU, lobbying in democracies, international security, state capacity and implementation, greenhouse gas reduction, etc. Note: part of the program contains a theoretical (formal) component. PPE 475-303 Electoral Systems and Decision Making (Miller) Electoral systems are processes by which votes cast in thesis an election are translated into american vs foreign cars essay, seats in a legislature. As such, these systems can have a profound effect on public policy and party systems. Deprivation? This course examines majoritarian, proportional, and mixed electoral systems in terms of how these institutions translate votes into for solving problems, seats and thesis, can incentivize strategic or genuine choices by voters when casting a ballot. Book? Related topics of deprivation thesis agenda setting and coalition formation will also be addressed in the course. We'll start with an overview of the mechanics of writing a good these systems and deprivation, then turn to classic political questions of vs foreign cars party competition, resource allocation, and deprivation thesis, interest representation as they relate to how these systems operate in a comparative context.

475-304 Mathematical Modeling of cars essay Social Phenomena (Funcke) During the 20th century social science, and in particular economics, went through a process of increased formalization. The period produced a library of models of social phenomena, many competing ones. Deprivation? In this course we will briefly browse the to write yourself essay, library, with the intention to deprivation thesis, explore classical theoretical perspectives of about what is a better model and ponder how increased normalization affects the social sciences. Deprivation Thesis? In the a good book report, second part of the course we will engage in simple mathematical modeling of social phenomena.

As a group we will iteratively criticize and refine a model, study its implications and sketch strategies for deprivation thesis, testing it. PPE 475-305 Trust, Lies Videotape (Hart) The seminar will describe theories and research findings regarding trustworthiness and its counterpart, deception. We will discuss signals that may convey cooperative and deceptive intentions, and people's ability to detect them in writing a good book report different situations and deprivation, paradigms. Further, we will discuss the consequences of trust, distrust and deception. Each week, students will be asked to read one or two papers, write a short critique paragraph and participate in a class discussion. At the end of the semester, students will write a research proposal pertaining to the course topics.

PPE 475-306 Ethical Issues in Globalization (Lister) The process of globalization includes increased interaction among, and interdependence between, the states of the world and the people living in them. It also includes the development of making suggestions problems new international and trans-national bodies, both governmental and non-governmental. This increased interaction and interdependence, and the development of new institutions, give rise to many new and important ethical issues. These will be among the most important issues for the 21st century.

In this class we will consider such questions as fairness in the international economy (including trade and labor standards); international labor migration and “brain drain”; duties to promote development in less-developed countries; whether and when the debt burdens of less-developed or burdened countries should be forgiven; and how we might address shared burdens relating to the environment. The class will look in particular at deprivation the aspects of vs foreign cars these issues relevant to moral and political philosophy, though we will also consider economic and other social scientific perspectives when this proves useful. The seminar will be based on reading and discussion [not lecture!] of thesis a number of recent important texts on these issues. The majority of the course grade will be based on a significant paper due at the end of the semester, though there will likely be a small number of very short reaction papers assigned through the semester as well. PPE 475-402 (HIST 455) Risk and Society (Wiggins) Since at least Herodotus, historians have been writing about vs foreign cars essay, humanity’s attempts to predict dangers and control futures. But while a concern for the future and strategies to mitigate accidents have existed for much of recorded time, the concept of risk is a relatively young construction, emerging only in early modernity. In this course, we investigate the concept of the risk in order to understand how it became a central organizing force in the modern periodperhaps even the defining characteristic of modernityand, importantly, how it came to be seen as manageable. Thesis? In the course’s first unit, we read the foundational materials of the theory of the “risk society”Ulrich Beck and Anthony Giddens’ early work. Then, in unit 2, move to selections from historians of knowledge who trace the epistemic shifts that developed modern concepts of risk and eventually opened the by sandra, possibility for its management through the deprivation thesis, use of statistical probabilities.

While the most critical developments in cover letter finance the conception of risk took place in Europe across the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries, unit 3 moves across the Atlantic to investigate the ways in which risk and, especially the deprivation thesis, desire to excellent letter, mitigate it, shaped the United States. In this unit (our largest of the deprivation, course), we will see how risk assessment and management grew into the largest business in the world. Here, we will look at statistics, actuarial science, insurance, speculation, and financial capital. Along the way, we will see many instances in which categories of essay making suggestions for solving problems identityrace, class, gender, sexuality, abilityare tied deeply into the business of discriminating risk. Finally, the concluding unit reassesses the concept of the risk society through the recent past and possible futures as it considers catastrophic threats that remain pressingnuclear war, chemical waste, genetic engineering, global climate change, and systemic financial collapse.

*To ask about deprivation thesis, using courses outside the writing book, College towards the PPE major, please contact the Associate Director.

Richard III and deprivation thesis, Shakespeare Essay. In Richard III, Shakespeare draws its readers to to write, participate in a fantasy of total control and domination. In the opening speech, Richard presents himself as a self-made villain, offering justification for his plans to execute the victims. However like every true villain, Richard has his henchman, Duke of Buckingham, who obeys his every whim and wish. As Richard’s co-conspirator, Buckingham’s role in the play is important and thesis, he is termed by Richard as “my other self”. This slavish obedience was not free, as Richard promises him great reward for his evil support. As a conspirator, Bucking knew the eleven by sandra, detail of Richard’s countless murders, and above all Buckingham was the executer of Richard’s evil plans. Deprivation Thesis! As a result some historians have assumed that Buckingham was eyeing the throne of England, which is far from truth, even if we study his character from historical perspective. Historical Buckingham Duke of Buckingham was associated to book, the royal family in deprivation many ways through his daughters and sons.

Buckingham’s paternal grandfather was Humphrey Stafford, the 1st Duke of Buckingham, who was also the grandson and essay making for solving problems, successor of Thomas of Woodstock, youngest son of Edward III, while his (paternal) grandmother Anne Neville was a granddaughter of John of Gaunt from his daughter side. His grandfather (maternal) Edmund Beaufort was a grandson of John of Gaunt, the youngest son of his son John Beaufort, 1st Earl of Somerset. Buckingham’s maternal grandmother Eleanor Beauchamp was descended from a daughter of William Marshal. Looking at this list of connections with royal family of England, some historian has assumed that, Buckingham had his eyes on deprivation throne. But the truth is, his chances of inheriting the throne were slim, despite the constant clashes among the Edward III lineage and in the houses of paper uk Lancaster and York.

No doubt Buckingham was within unusual distance of the crown of England, his plotting of the throne of England is far from being plausible. Buckingham was born in 1454 during the reign of Henry VI, his father was killed at the first battle of St Albans in 1455, and his grandfather, the first Duke of Buckingham was killed in 1460, five years later. At the age of 11, he was acknowledged as Duke of Buckingham; and soon he became ward of the Queen Elizabeth Woodville. In the following year, he was forced to marry Catherine Woodville, the queen’s sister who was much older than him, which he hated all his life. After the death of Edward IV in 1483, Woodville’s tussled with Richard over the guardianship of the young Edward, Buckingham sided with Richard. As the parliament declared Edward V illegitimate and allowed Richard to ascend the throne and became Richard III. Buckingham supported Richard in the beginning, but later on associated himself with John Morton, Bishop of deprivation Ely, and his second cousin Henry Tudor against Richard in things to write about essay the war of succession. In 1483, this dispute grew, Henry Tudor tried to take the throne from Richard, Buckingham at this time was a stunch supoorter of Tudor, raised an army in Wales and deprivation, marched against Richard to distract his attention.

However Richard managed to making for solving problems, put down the rebillion ,while Henry’s ships were devsated by thesis, a storm which forced him to go back to Brittany. The storm also ruined Buckingham army, and the army desertated him, leaving him no way, but to escape in haste,however he was captured easily due to the bounty on his head. Richard convicted him of treason and he was beheaded in eleven essays Salisbury without any delay Shakespeare Portrayal of Buckingham Shakespeare main source for writing the Richard III was Sir Thomas Moore’s History of Richard III, which reflects the thesis, caricature of Richard rather than the true Richard. It was but natural to paper coasters uk, portray Richard and his supporters as evil incarnate as the play demanded, Bucking was no exception. We must remember that Shakespeare was an entertainer rather than a historian, his aim was to create dramatic effect, which can be achieved by portraying the main characters as evil incarnate and he was successful in it. In the drama readers are introduced in (Act II) as Richard asks Buckingham to make him in his “unity”, Buckingham reply makes him happy. Shakespeare has depicted Buckingham as a crony, who in order to pleases his master cross all limits. In Act II, Elizabeth appears dishevelled and thesis, breaks the by sandra cisneros, news that King is deprivation dead, Richard pretends to console her, while Bucking makes a false promise to bring Edward, Prince of report Wales to London for coronation, instead the boys are taken to the Tower.. In the meantime Richard charges queen and deprivation thesis, Jane shore with sorcery and involves Hastings as well. Richard senses that Hastings is sympathetic towards the young king, which was enough suspicion to execute him. To Write About! It seems Richard knew that Hastings could not trusted and was not trust worthy to confide him with his ultimate objective.

Hasting is accused of plotting and without being given a chance for any explanation rushed to execution, despite being loyal to deprivation thesis, his master . It happens in front of Buckingham, but he feels no remorse nor any regret for the man who was innocently slaughtered. Eleven Cisneros Essays! Soon Buckingham moves on Richard’s plan of convincing the London mayor and the citizens that Edwards IV sons are bastards and have no legitimacy to claim the deprivation thesis, throne. Buckingham’s beats the drum of the vs foreign, wickedness of Edward IV, and his impure lineage (children). Deprivation! After spiting venom against american the innocent children, he hears what he wanted to hear from the thesis, crowd “King Richard! King Richard! ” which is accepted as an things to write, excuse for the allowing Richard to ascend the crown. Thesis! Buckingham leads the things to write yourself essay, aldermen and the chief citizens “in their best manner appareled” to Baynard’s Castle. Richard feigns that he has no idea, why have they come to him. Buckingham the lead player of the thesis, plot shouts up, imploring him to writing, become king to fulfill people wishes. Richard pretends to reject their offer, but as the plan was devised successfully, Buckingham whispers, if Richard is unwilling, they have to find some one else.

Richard in a show of great humility accepts the heavy burden of kingship. Buckingham continues to follow the whims of his master and orders Tyrrel to kill” those bastards” in the Tower and spreading the news that Lady Anee is dying. Buckingham does not hesitate for a moment to comply with the needs of his masters , aiding him in all his evil deeds. After becoming King Richard does not feel any more need of Buckingham and soon Buckingham falls from favour, especially when he reminds Richard of his promise of granting him earldom. Richard vehemently dismisses Buckingham and he switches his role from a sycophant to a rebel. Throughout the play Buckingham is playing the role of true sycophant, who does not hesitate to go to any limits as long it can please his master. Deprivation Thesis! Shakespeare has portrayed Buckingham as a chief agent and a henchman, who is born to conspire and please his master and get his blessings.

This portrayal may not be historically accurate, but the accuracy was not an issue for Shakespeare. Being a dramatist he was writing for the sake of essay making business and thesis, entertainment, he has to excellent letter, portray what was easily comprehensible by the viewers in black and white. If the purpose is depicting evil, he would not hesitate to thesis, portray the hero of drama as evil as possible to create the excellent letter finance, dramatic effect, in which he was always successful. Shakespeare Characters According to Aristotle, “Character reveals personal choice, the kinds of things a man chooses or rejects which are not obvious”. Good characterization makes characters round and complex and larger than life to create realism in deprivation a pieace of literature. Modern historians find Buckingham portrayal as a distortion of historical truth, but Shakespeare was writing for entertainment, in which characters had to be larger than life. None of his plays were written for the sake of eleven by sandra recording history accurately, but for entertainment and earning a livelihood. Richard’s is depicted in deprivation thesis extreme to achieve maximum dramatic effect and so are all his villains, ultimate evil. In Aristotle’s treatment of excellent character, a person acquires “virtues” through habitual behaviors and practices.

The purpose of dramatis personae in deprivation tragedy is to teach the craft of american cars essay ethical evaluation. Shakespeare’s characters are basically rhetoric or a linguistic agent, which expresses an deprivation thesis, important part of the truth about the world. According to Dryden, Shakespeare understood the passions of american his characters and expressed them with certainty, subtlety and power. Shakespeare’s villains are born villains and evil to the core. For example Richard plans to usurp the throne by creating an opportunity, which did not exist. Shakespeare studied human beings very intimately and presented their inner most motives and thoughts in a simple and direct way.

For example the opening scene of Othello characterizes Iago as a foul-mouthed sargeant with a malicious love for deprivation, creating trouble and a hatred for Othello. The strength of essay problems Shakespeare’s plays lies in the absorbing stories they tell and in their wealth of thesis complex characters with eloquent speeches depicted forcefully. Shakespeare’s characters are neither wholly good nor wholly evil, but it is their inconsistent nature that makes them memorable. In Twelfth Night, Viola is given the impossible task of delivering a message, while Olivia has banned all the visitors. Shakespeare creates a way perhaps by asking himself, how would a person deal in this situation, thus creating a unique way to see Viola meet Olivia. His characters do not appear out of a good report nowhere, but are creation of the deprivation, situation.

For example the fatal flaw in Macbeth is ambition, but that’s not what Shakespeare shows to his audience, instead Macbeth is shown as an ordinary man, who is in an extra ordinary situation by things in an, sheer stroke of deprivation luck. Essay Making Suggestions Problems! Instead of becoming content at his success, Macbeth becomes restless and resorts to murder after murder to acquire the kingdom by deprivation, all means possible. Othello’s downfall is not because of jealousy, but it was the situation, which propelled him to behave in things to write yourself in an way, he behaved. Shakespearean characters have some motivation and the whole play revolves around it. Deprivation! For example Buckingham chief motivation was to gain rewards from the King, which kept him motivated, and he played on in all the events. It is assumed by the critics that his chief motivation was to become King, which is far from truth for the reason that even when he sided Tudor, he was still playing the excellent letter, role of a catalyst, rather than aspiring the throne. Its always motivation in deprivation thesis one form or other, for things to write yourself in an essay, example Macbeth is motivated by greed, Hamlet by ambition, and Shylock by revenge. It is deprivation thesis often the crisis and dilemma, which shows the best of custom Shakespeare’s characters. The dilemma for Macbeth is, should he kill Duncan, for Othello the deprivation thesis, decisive matter is, whether Desdemona has actually been unfaithful? Hamlet is obsessed with the pain of indecisiveness and he cannot decide to kill or not to kill. For Buckingham once rejected by King, it was but natural not to trust him anymore, especially when the whole course of events were made possible by him.

Had these character acted contrary to the their natural evolution, they would have looked factious and custom, unrealistic and Shakespeare as writer would have died long ago. Shakespeare’s stories are situational and his characters evolve throughout the play. The protagonist in his plays do not stop but keep on evolving which keeps the audience enthralled till the end. Buckingham was unknown till Act II, and it is often hard for audience to consider him a major player in the series of events, soon he over takes the deprivation, other supporting roles and in by sandra cisneros essays liaison with Richard untangles the web of conspiracies keeping the audience enthralled by his evil performance, which continues till the end of play. Buckingham was a man living in shadow till he finds Richard; combination of these two evil characters is a perfect prescription for a memorable play. There is thesis no doubt, Shakespeare would have studied the history related to by sandra essays, Richard and Buckingham era, but the question is deprivation thesis not the historical accuracy of the Richards era, but rather assessing, how much Shakespeare is successful as a dramatist. For a modern reader it little matters, where does Buckingham stand in the course of custom paper history, but its Shakespeare’s pen, which made Buckingham immortal in history. Looking at the Richard III as a historical play, there is deprivation no doubt that Richard III is the image of an evil king among all his historical plays, and Buckingham as a major catalyst leads the events to its natural end. Conclusion Before Richard came into power, he needed supporters to eleven cisneros essays, achieve his political agenda, Duke of Buckingham proved to be the perfect man to execute his biddings.

One reason was that during the service of Queen, Buckingham was not given enough attention and excluded from the royal patronage; Richard not only gave him attention, but also delegated royal authority. It was natural for thesis, Buckingham to be loyal and prove his loyalty by offering unflinching support, especially when Richard increase in power meant increase in his power. Moore presents Buckingham as a god-fearing figure who was brutal in his ambition, splendid in eleven by sandra duplicity, yet lacking in substance. According to him, Buckingham was a fearful man, who was convinced by playing in Richard’s hand, that he has offended the young Edward V. Bucking feels, he is in danger, Should Edward assume power. However Buckingham knows that opposing Richard is deprivation playing with fire, as Richard was ruthless in dealing. However Moore tells, he repented his wrong doings and sided Tudor due to principal not out of personal greed. It is true that no one received as many favours as Buckingham due to a good book, which contemporary writers suspect that Bucking owned enormous powers and was planning to usurp throne for himself.

But the truth is Richard was a man, who could not be stopped at any thing to reach his ambition. Deprivation Thesis! All his life, Richard has betrayed the people who were his relatives by blood. Essay Making For Solving Problems! He used his supporters Hastings and Buckingham and deprivation thesis, then deserted them on lame excuses. After the study of Buckingham history, it is clear that Bucking did not have the capacity to overthrow the to write in an, King. The families contesting for throne of England were powerful related to deprivation thesis, each other by blood; Buckingham could not reach their status. He could only win power and prestige by siding in this war of succession, which he honestly did all his life. Shakespeare may have portrayed Buckingham a bit more evil, who would go to any limits to please his master, still its not that far away for the true Buckingham, who supported Richard as long all his life and later on supported Tudors.

However we cannot blame Buckingham for being involved in the royal tussle, as this is what noblemen of his times used to writing book report, do to deprivation, reach the zenith of the court life. Reference: Stewart (1949), Character and Motive in Shakespeare: Some Recent Appraisals Examined, Longmann. Bristol, Michael D (2003), Reading Shakespeare’s Characters: Rhetoric, Ethics, and Identity Christy. H (1994), Hamlet and the Concept of Character, Shakespeare Quarterly Summer Vol. 45. Richard III (2003), A Guide to the Utah Shakespearean Festival Insights. The Life and Death of King Richard III (2005), Wikopedia. University/College: University of California. Type of paper: Thesis/Dissertation Chapter.

Date: 9 August 2016. Let us write you a custom essay sample on Richard III and Shakespeare. for only $16.38 $13.9/page. Haven't found the Essay You Want? Get your custom essay sample. For Only $13.90/page.

3422 Old Capitol Trail, Suite 267, Wilminton, DE 19808, USA.

7 Creative Ways to thesis use YouTube Annotations. YouTube annotations are a great way to achieve a variety of cover goals within your videos beyond just sending people back to your website. Deprivation. If you want to really ensure that your videos keep viewers hooked, drive traffic to your website, and turn into business leads, here are seven creative ways to use YouTube annotations to writing a good do so. Keep viewers tuned in to your videos. Thesis. Statistics have shown that you can expect to lose 20% of making suggestions your audience within the first 10 seconds of video playback.

Drop-off continues at a rate of 33% by 30 seconds and 44% by deprivation, 60 seconds. Of course, benchmark statistics aren’t applicable to essay suggestions for solving problems every video. Thesis. To find out what your drop-off rates are, look at your top video’s audience retention statistics to see how long you are keeping your audience. Fortunately, annotations can help keep people on your video or (at minimum) on your channel. Here are a few different ways to american use them to deprivation thesis keep your viewers tuned in. It’s not always possible to create a 30 second video that encompasses the entirety of your message. But it is possible to let your viewers turn a two-minute video into a much shorter one without leaving. For example, let’s say you’re going to show people how to create a DIY air conditioner for camping.

The video has three parts – how it works, what tools and book report supplies you’ll need, and how to put it together. As you start explaining how it works, you add an annotation that says “Next: The Tools You’ll Need.” As you start showing the tools and thesis supplies, you add an annotation that says “Next: How to Put It Together.” By doing this, you give viewers the letter finance chance to effectively “scan the headlines” and get to exactly what they want without getting distracted or looking for another video that will more concisely cover the topic. At the deprivation thesis same time, people who want to see everything will be able to. You score a win for things, both audiences! Here#8217;s a great example of this technique in action#8230; 2. Show viewers related videos throughout. Have you ever started to watch a video and realized you meant to look for thesis, something else? That’s a common reason for people to abandon your videos, and it’s one you can solve with annotations. For example, let’s say you’re going to eleven cisneros essays teach people how to tie a necktie with the Eldredge knot. But you know that some of your viewers will realize when they see it that they would rather do a Windsor knot. No problem.

Shortly after you’ve shown what a Eldredge knot looks like, you add an annotation that says “Looking for thesis, a Windsor knot?” By doing this, you give viewers who might have stumbled onto coasters, the wrong video to find the right one on your channel, instead of deprivation thesis searching for another from someone else’s channel. This keeps them with your brand! 3. Create your own suggested videos at the end. Even if you have a few other videos on your YouTube channel, YouTube might not always choose them at the end for paper coasters, the suggested videos grid. While you can share your YouTube video link with a ?rel=0 at the end in an attempt to hide those, or embed your video on your website with suggested videos disabled, viewers will still see them on YouTube itself. So instead, why not create your own suggested videos? To do this, you’ll need thumbnails from the videos you want to thesis suggest, and you’ll want to place those thumbnails on an image that is the same resolution as your video. Add that image to the end of your video, and then in YouTube, use the spotlight annotation to link each of the thumbnails to the corresponding videos on YouTube. The result? Custom picked suggested videos at excellent cover the end of each of deprivation thesis your videos that take people to more of your videos. On YouTube itself, viewers will still see YouTube’s choice of suggested videos after yours, unless they’ve already clicked on one of your suggestions.

Create calls to action at the right times. As mentioned before, you can’t guarantee that your audience will still be watching by the end of your video, which is why you can’t rely on essay suggestions a call to thesis action slide at the very end. Book Report. Annotations allow you to add the right calls to action at the right times through the video. Here are a few calls to action to thesis try (and when). When people are watching a video, they may want to paper uk continue learning about your video’s content, but may not have the time to do it through video. Or maybe they would prefer to read more instead. Thesis. Adding a learn more annotation that links back to your website and the content your video covers could turn a video abandon into new business.

On the other hand, if someone does make it to the end of your video, they are going to want more. If you don’t have an to write about essay, official opt-in, you can always use this point to ask viewers to subscribe to your YouTube channel. But if you do have an opt-in, getting your viewer back to your website to thesis subscribe or contact you for more information is key. Use an paper uk, annotation that links to thesis your opt-in or contact form to essay suggestions problems turn viewers into true leads. What if you don’t want passive viewers who may leave the video up and running, but may not be paying attention to it. You want active viewers who are going to deprivation watch every moment of your video. You can use annotations to writing a good book report give viewers control of their video-watching destiny.

Here are few ideas to deprivation try. 6. Let your viewers answer questions. Let’s say that you are creating a product demo. Instead of running through the making suggestions product’s standard features, start out by asking the viewer what they need the most help with. Put a few answers on a stationary image, and using the spotlight annotation, link each answer to a different section of the video. If they don’t make a choice, then they get taken through the demo as usual. Thesis. But if they do, they will get taken to a specific part of the uk demo that helps with their pain points. At the deprivation end of each portion of the demo, allow the viewer to american choose another pain point to address, or give them another annotation that allows them to either sign up for a free trial or contact you for more information. 7. Let your viewers choose their own adventure.

Choose your own adventure books are always popular with kids, and they can help your video viewers get excited too. If you can think of a creative way to put people in control of the outcome of the video, then they are that much more likely to finish it. As an added bonus, thinking of different outcomes for your videos is going to help you come up with even more video content ideas! Here#8217;s a great example of annotations that let viewers choose their own ending for the video#8230; Annotations in Action. Deprivation. Ready to see some more great annotations in things to write action? Here’s a YouTube Spotlight playlist of deprivation thesis how video creators have put annotations to use in a variety of ways, from product demos to excellent cover fun interactive videos. Take the deprivation thesis above ideas suggested, combine them with the creativity of the annotations in this playlist, and see what kind of viewer engagement you can get with your YouTube videos! Last, but not least, here are some informative YouTube help articles all about annotations and creative ways to use them. Eleven By Sandra Essays. YouTube Annotations Playbook – A visual guide to annotations, how to deprivation create them, and some useful examples. Create and Edit Annotations – A basic guide to setting up annotations on your videos.

Advanced Tips for Annotations – Specific tips on annotations that viewers like (and don’t), usage and formatting, relevancy, link annotations, and text annotations. Associated Website Annotations – If you want to link to your website with annotations, here’s a guide on how to set up your website as an associated website for your YouTube channel. Merch Annotations – Promote licensed merchandise on your videos using annotations from approved retailers listed on this page. Kristi Hines is a freelance writer, professional blogger, and social media enthusiast. Her blog Kikolani focuses on blog marketing for personal, professional, and business bloggers.

You can follow her on Google+, Twitter, and to write yourself essay Facebook. Great article but to bad Annotations don#8217;t work in thesis the Viewbix player! better fix your pop-up subscribe. generates a mailchimp error.

Columbia MBA Essays for thesis January and to write about yourself, August 2015 Admission. Whoever designed Columbia Business School’s The MBA Application Process webpage deserves a design award. If you have not done so, take a look at deprivation that page. It does a really nice job laying out the admissions process in a visually appealing way. Columbia Business School has modified their MBA application essay set, but only one question has changed completely. Writing A Good Book. Those applying for January and August 2015 entry will find that they are likely to spend as much time thinking about how to answer Columbia’s essay questions as answering them. Given the limited space applicants will have to work with, coming up with answers that stand out is critical. You can find testimonials from deprivation thesis, my clients admitted for CBS here. Since 2007, when I established my own consultancy, (I have been an MBA admissions consultant since 2001) I have been fortunate to work with 24 clients admitted to Columbia Business School for coasters either January or August admission.

Before discussing the essays, I will discuss who J-Term (January Entry) is for and differences between Early Decision and Regular Decision for August Entry. For my analysis of recommendations for thesis 2015 admission, please see here. For my analysis of Columbia Business School application interviews, please see here. The first thing to custom coasters keep in mind about admission to both January Term and August Term (ED and RD) is deprivation thesis that Columbia uses a rolling admissions system. Cover Letter. While there are final deadlines, since applicants’ files are reviewed and deprivation, decisions are being made as they apply, by the time that that the final deadlines have arrived most seats are already filled. Rolling admissions works just like buying assigned seats for an airplane, movie, concert, etc. Suggestions For Solving. When they are gone, they are gone.

Columbia’s rolling admissions system is a differentiator from other top MBA programs because only Columbia uses this system. Rolling admissions is deprivation thesis commonly used by EMBA programs. Here are some common issues that arise when considering J-term: Is J-term easier to get into than August entry? There is much speculation on excellent finance this issue, but no admissions data. All I know for sure is that relatively late application to J-term has not prevented my clients from being admitted, whereas late application to RD is deprivation a real problem simply from a seat availability perspective. In one way, J-term is clearly easier: Unlike an August entry RD and (and to custom paper a lesser extent ED) applicant, someone applying to Columbia J-term can really be assumed to prefer Columbia over all alternatives.

This can make interviews a bit easier in the sense that August entry Columbia alumni interviewers are notorious for being particularly aggressive at deprivation thesis determining whether the american vs foreign cars, interviewee’s first choice is really Columbia. Deprivation Thesis. Since J-term has no real US rival, this topic can be easily dispensed with. Alternatives to for solving problems J-term: There are no US alternatives to thesis J-term worth mentioning if someone wants a January start. Cars. Kellogg and Cornell offer one year MBAs, but neither Kellogg nor Cornell start their programs in January and both are accelerated programs in terms of the deprivation, number of courses taken. Only J-term makes it possible to do a full two-years of courses on such an expedited basis. In addition, the Kellogg program is extremely restrictive, since one has to excellent cover have the deprivation, equivalent of an undergraduate degree in american essay core business courses to attend it. Cornell is also restrictive (Graduate degree or specialized professional certification required), while Columbia has no such restrictions. I have had clients who apply to J-term and deprivation, IMD and/or INSEAD. Both IMD and INSEAD have January entry. Still J-term is an about in an essay, incredibly different program in deprivation thesis terms of length and content from either of to write about yourself in an these top European programs. LBS, which does not have a January start, would also be another alternative to CBS in the sense that it can be completed on an accelerated basis.

Still I don’t have many clients who apply to both CBS J-term and LBS and as is thesis generally the vs foreign, case with US schools, I don’t think they pay much attention to non-US programs as competitors. Can an August entry applicant reapply to deprivation thesis J-term? Yes! You could be rejected from ED or RD for August 2014 entry and reapply for January 2015 entry. If you entered in January 2015, you would graduate in things to write about in an essay the Class of 2016 with those who entered in August 2014. I have worked with a couple of reapplicants who were admitted to J-term after being dinged from the August entry for that same graduating class. The key issue is explaining why J-term is now a better choice. August Entry: ED Versus RD. Applying for Early Decision (ED) is ideal for deprivation anyone who considers Columbia to be their first choice and is ready by to write yourself in an, the application deadline of October 8th. Deprivation. Columbia takes ED very seriously, so I suggest you do as well.

CBS ED really is unique among top MBA programs and excellent letter, the decision to commit to it should not be taken lightly. Every year many applicants to Columbia Business School have to deeply consider whether to deprivation thesis apply to the ED or RD round. Vs Foreign Cars Essay. First keep the official statement from Columbia regarding ED in thesis mind: Candidates have decided that Columbia is things to write their first choice and deprivation thesis, must sign the following statement of a good book commitment within their applications: I am committed to attending Columbia Business School and will withdraw all applications and decline all offers from other schools upon admission to Columbia Business School Applicants must submit a nonrefundable $6,000 tuition deposit within two weeks of admission. In my experience, there are two types of applicants to deprivation ED. The first type are those people who really consider Columbia as their first choice and sometimes make or hope to make no other applications.

For this type of applicant, choosing ED is easy. The second type of applicant likes Columbia, but it is american vs foreign not necessarily their first choice. This type of applicant applies to ED because it is thesis perceived as easier to get admitted to custom paper coasters uk than Regular Decision (RD). This type of deprivation thesis applicant treats the $6000 deposit as an insurance policy in the event that they are not admitted to american vs foreign cars HBS, Stanford, and/or Wharton (I don’t know of any cases of applicants forfeiting $6000 to go to other top programs, but suppose some one has done it). If they do get into deprivation HBS, Stanford, or Wharton and break their commitment to cisneros essays Columbia, they lose $6000 and make Columbia admissions mad. Can Columbia do anything aside from deprivation, keeping the money?

No. For those who have no problem breaking oaths and losing $6000, treating ED as possible insurance is a rational decision through clearly not an ethical one. As an eleven by sandra essays, admissions consultant, my sole concern is helping my clients reach their admissions objectives, so I don’t pass judgment one way or another on this issue. Based on thesis my sense of how seriously admissions takes ED, I was not at all surprised that the Columbia Admissions office did not respond to a good my request to meet with them last fall since I don’t advocate on behalf of deprivation their ED policy. No problem, I visited CBS anyway, attended a class, and met with former clients. I do recommend the things to write about yourself, January 7th Merit Fellowship deadline or earlier as optimal for applying to RD. Deprivation. While you can consider January 7th to be kind of excellent letter a “Round Two Deadline,” I recommend you apply as soon as you are ready to do so. I would especially encourage those coming from groups with large numbers of applicants (American males from Wall Street and Indian males in particular), to make their applications to RD ASAP. That said, RD takes applications until April 15, 2015, so applications are still viable for some applicants until quite late in the admissions cycle.

In general, applying late in RD is best for those with highly unusual backgrounds, stellar backgrounds, no need for merit scholarships and a love of gambling. In other words, if you are not exceptional, applying late in deprivation RD to Columbia is a very high risk activity. How to leverage RD to your advantage when applying to things to write in an other MBA programs in the First Round. If you are applying in deprivation the first round, an ideal time to apply to Columbia is after you have completed all the applications that were due in September to mid-October. Assuming you are relatively freed up, while you are waiting for your R1 invites, apply to Columbia. This means you will be considered early in RD and that is an advantage because there will be more seats available. How to leverage RD to your advantage when applying to excellent letter other MBA programs in the Second Round. Since most R2 applications are due in January, applying to Columbia in November or December will still give you a relative advantage over those applicants that apply right before the Merit Deadline.

Again, the earlier, the better your chance for an available seat. I have taken the essay questions from the online application. Instructions: In addition to learning about your professional aspirations, the Admissions Committee hopes to deprivation thesis gain an understanding of your interests, values and writing a good report, motivations through these essays. How you answer these essays is at deprivation thesis your discretion. There are no right or wrong answers and we encourage you to answer each question thoughtfully. The “What is your immediate post-MBA professional goal?” question, Essay 1, Essay 2 and Essay 3 are all required. What is your immediate post-MBA professional goal? Required by all applicants.

75 characters including spaces!) Take this very short statement seriously. Last year, it was 100 characters long (and the year before that 200 characters), but it has now been cut to 75 characters. Remember this is 75 characters, not words! This would be about 10-20 words. Given the length, you can’t possibly expect to explain what you want to do short-term. That is what Essay 1 is for. In fact, it is best to simply write this little statement after you have a good working version of Essay 1.

CBS actually provides examples of possible responses in the online application: Examples of possible responses: “Work in business development for a media company.” “Join a consulting firm specializing in writing a good book report renewable energy.” “Work for an investment firm that focuses on real estate.” As you can see from the above examples, CBS is looking for a short, but a very clear statement of thesis what you intend to do after your MBA. If you have difficulty explaining your immediate post-MBA plans in the space given, I think that is likely an indication that your plans are too complex, vague, or otherwise not well thought out. What you state here should be backed up by what you discuss in Essay 1 (or the reapplicant essay for reapplicants) and possibly in the other essays. If you can be clever or catchy in formulating this response that is fine, but it is a completely secondary consideration to simply stating something that is american vs foreign cars essay very clear and that is completely consistent with what you write in Essay 1. Thesis. Being clever os not critical here, being clear is. Essay 1: Given your individual background and goals, why are you pursuing a Columbia MBA at this time? (500 words) (Maximum 500 words) This is a revision of the question from report, last year, which did not include “and goals.” Since it does mention goals, explain your goals here. While you will have stated your immediate post-MBA goals in 75 characters, you need to explain that and deprivation, your longer goals here. Don’t worry about any redundancy, just make sure your answers are consistent. Be strategic and thoughtful about you are wanting a Columbia MBA now: Given the importance of being able to state your post-MBA goal clearly in 75 characters or less as well as the need in Essay 1 to explain why you want a Columbia MBA now, is is critical that you be strategic and thoughtful in excellent cover finance presenting your post-MBA plans and deprivation thesis, your reasons for wanting a Columbia MBA.

If you are having problems clearly articulating your goals either in Essay 1 or in the 75 character statement, I think Gap, SWOT, and ROI analysis are great ways for understanding what your goals are, why you want a degree, and how you will use it. The following image may not work for all browsers. Cars. If so, see here. Next, analyze your present strengths and weaknesses for succeeding in your present career. In particular, some of your greatest strengths may have been demonstrated outside of deprivation work, so make sure you are accounting for them. Strengths: What are you good at? Where do you add value? What are you praised for? What are you proud of?

Weakness: What are you bad at? What are you criticized for? What do you try to writing a good report avoid due to your own limitations? What do you fear? Next, analyze your situation in right now. What opportunities exist for deprivation thesis your growth and success? What threats could limit your career growth? Balance Experience and Why Columbia?

Columbia is making specifically asking why now in reference to your background as well as your goals. Deprivation. As result, you will need to explain “Why an custom coasters uk, MBA now?” in relationship to who you are and what you have done so far. I think it is important that you provide Columbia with insights about your background, but don’t let your explanation of deprivation thesis your past experience crowd out answering why you need a Columbia MBA now. Given limited space you need to tell a story about by sandra, your background that connects to deprivation why you want an MBA. That story is likely to to write yourself in an essay primarily relate to your professional background, but your personal experience, and your motivations are also important potential justifications for why you want an deprivation, MBA. Make it personal! By moving away from the formulaic standard “What are your long and short-term goals and why do you want an MBA now from Columbia”, it is clear that Columbia is about in an emphasizing personality and why MBA in deprivation this answer and just not goals and MBA. By Sandra Cisneros Essays. Therefore your answer to this question should not merely be a one-dimensional answer focused solely on career goals. At minimum your personal motivation for your goals should really come into play here.

1. Is there anything in deprivation the essay that repeats what is cover said in the other essays? If so, you can probably cut it out. 2. Do you find yourself needing to explain too much context about your background? If so, consider whether any of it can be explained in the Optional Essay. 3. Do you find yourself extensively name dropping? “I met with Anand Kumar (Class of deprivation 2006), Sally Johnson (Class of 2009), Taro Suzuki (Class of 2010), Anat Weinstein (Class of american vs foreign cars essay 2011), Mohammad Efendi (Class of 2012), and Tom Lee (Class of 2013)…” (Note all these names were made up and any relationship to deprivation actual Columbia alumni is merely coincidental). If you do, consider cutting or summarizing it. Also consider whether this can be included in the Optional Essay.

4. Vs Foreign Cars. Do a paragraph by paragraph and then a sentence by deprivation, sentence search for redundancy. When a client asks for writing a good my help in cutting words, that is what I do first. 5. Now the really hard part. You have a tight text and deprivation thesis, it is still over the word count. You have cut something “important.” Prioritize your content and eliminate low priority items. Killing good sentences is writing book report never fun, but sometimes is simply necessary. The day I visited Columbia Business School last year was when they rolling out their new branding campaign, At the Very Center of Business (Thanks for the free breakfast. Deprivation. I could have taken a t-shirt too, but I make it a rule never to wear a university’s t-shirt unless I am student or an alumnus). After you watch the video, I suggest reading their detailed press release on At the paper coasters, Very Center of Business, which I will discuss below. Compared to last year’s topic on New York City, this topic is actually wide enough to make for more potentially interesting answers. On one level, CBS is at deprivation the center because it is in NYC . I could make the same totally cynical comment I made last year about how the eleven by sandra cisneros, focus on NYC here is a way to avoid the fact that their new campus will not be ready until 2017-2018 , but I would not do that.

I just did again! Sorry… I know the Columbia folks can take my jab, they are tough, they are New Yorkers. Anyway everyone knows you don’t go to Columbia Business School right now because of the deprivation thesis, state of the art facility (And after visiting CBS, NYU, Wharton, Cornell, as well as looking into Yale’s new building last fall, I can tell you the custom paper coasters uk, classrooms at deprivation thesis Columbia are underwhelming) you go because of the american vs foreign essay, quality of the faculty and adjunct faculty, the school’s deep connections to Wall Street and all other major industries in the city, the networking opportunities, the interning opportunities, the diversity of CBS students, and the city of NYC. Anyone who is deprivation considering Columbia and does not factor NYC into the equation would surely be missing a critical part of the school’s value proposition. I was recently talking with a potential client who did not quite get this value proposition because he was simply fixated on the classroom. While classroom technology plays a role in selecting a school, a full-time two-year MBA program at a top American school is simply not reducible to the building. I think this is especially true of american vs foreign cars Columbia.

That said, at least in deprivation thesis the class I visited, the professor was great, the students were friendly but highly engaged, and even though the whiteboard was old school (Just like in the video) and hard to see, I was impressed. Columbia really is at the center of coasters NYC, but so is NYU Stern (And given Stern’s greater proximity to Wall Street, Soho, start-ups, etc, I think I would be careful about claiming to be at the center of NYC). Of course, Columbia wants to claim that it is at the worldwide center of business. Maybe, but it has no exclusivity in that regard, but don’t tell them that. I think the deprivation, branding concept reflects this school’s desperate need to assert its self-importance and to have applicants affirm this. Saying you are at the center is an incredibly narcissistic statement. “I am at the center” is a statement of self-importance. It is american essay pure arrogance. It reflects an underlying insecurity about one’s place in the universe, in other words, if someone tells you they are the center, assume they probably are not. At minimum, assume they have a strong need to be loved.

I have always maintained that Columbia needs to feel loved. This is especially true in the interview process. It is also true in the essays. Therefore, YOU MUST TAKE ADVANTAGE OF THE COLUMBIA BUSINESS SCHOOL’S SENSE OF INSECURITY, ITS DESIRE TO BE LOVED, BY AFFIRMING HOW ITS CENTRALITY WILL BENEFIT YOU! Use the deprivation thesis, At the Very Center of cars Business branding campaign to help you brainstorm content for Essay 2: Which of these pillars will you take advantage of? Think about each of them to come up with 1-3 topics for this essay. -What specific research activities at Columbia really excite you? How will you use this research? Will CBS help you become a thought leader?

How? – See my suggestions for learning about Columbia in Essay 1 above. -How will leverage the deprivation, access you gain at CBS? In what ways? For what purpose? -What do you hope to gain from the community? -How will being at by sandra the center help you have impact? What kind of impact do you want to deprivation have?

In Essay 1, you are explaining why you need an MBA from Columbia now and would surely be addressing particular aspects of the MBA program in your answer. In Essay 2, you really are focused on explaining why being at the center itself would benefit you . The reasons might relate to your professional goals, but may very well be highly personal or most likely a combination of the things to write essay, two. Given the length, I suggest you focus on two to thesis three ways you anticipate that being at the center will impact your experience. An effective answer here will provide the reader with greater insight into your personality, interests, and motivations. A bad answer might very consist of making a bunch of general comments about why NYC would be great, but not giving the reader into essay making any insight about you.

Essay 3: What will the people in your Cluster be pleasantly surprised to learn about deprivation, you? (Maximum 250 words) This question did not change from last year. I love “SURPRISE US” questions. Actually, one of the things I do in my initial consultations with potential clients is ask this question because it helps me understand whether the person I am talking to has really had to ever sell themselves as a person (and just for getting a job). Unlike Columbia, I don’t use it as a basis for things to write about yourself in an essay selecting clients, but rather as way to gauge an applicant’s self awareness and deprivation thesis, ability to custom respond spontaneously to deprivation an unexpected question. The wording, pleasantly surprising , is really important. Book Report. The topic(s) you should be positive aspects of who you are. This is an essay about how you will add value to your Cluster (If you have no idea what that is, see here). Good answers here are really engaging and very unique. I actually like this question quite a bit because it is a great way for applicants to highlight some really unique aspect or aspects about deprivation thesis, themselves. The point is that it should be something that would not be obvious about excellent cover finance, you.

The focus may be on thesis something very specific that you did or something about your character. Whatever it is, it should not simply be pleasantly surprising, but also relevant in custom uk some way. It might be something that will add value to your Cluster. If it is highly personal, it should reveal a quality or aspect to you that is deprivation thesis not merely interesting, but also something really worth knowing. A good answer here might involve an unusual hobby or experience, but the possibilities are endless. Bad answers to vs foreign essay this question will likely to deprivation do the following: -Focus on something that is relatively obvious from your resume. -Focus on something that does not really have any clear selling points about about in an essay, who you are.

Optional Essay: Is there any further information that you wish to provide the Admissions Committee? Please use this space to deprivation thesis provide an explanation of eleven essays any areas of concern in deprivation your academic record or your personal history. (Maximum 500 words) As with other school’s optional questions, do not put an obvious essay for another school here. If you read the above, it should be clear enough that this is the custom paper coasters, place to explain anything negative or potentially negative in your background. If you have no explanation for something negative, don’t bother writing about it. For example if your GPA is 2.9 and you have no good explanation for deprivation thesis why it is 2.9, don’t bother writing something that looks like a lame excuse. This is more likely to hurt than help you. American Essay. In the same vein, don’t waste the deprivation, committee’s time telling them that your GMAT is a much better indicator than your GPA (the opposite custom, is also true).

They have heard it before and they will look at both scores and can draw their own conclusions without you stating the obvious. That said, if you have a good explanation for a bad GPA, you should most certainly write about it.In addition to deprivation GMAT/GRE, TOEFL, and GPA problems, other possible topics include issues related to paper coasters recommendations, serious gaps in your resume, concerns related to a near total lack of extracurricular activities, and major issues in your personal/professional life that you really think the admissions office needs to know about. You can certainly write on deprivation something positive here if you think its omission will be negative for you, but before you do, ask yourself these questions: 1. By Sandra Cisneros Essays. If they did not ask it, do they really need to know it? 2. Will the deprivation thesis, topic I want to discuss significantly improve my overall essay set? 3. Is the about, topic one that would not be covered from looking at thesis other parts of my application? 4. Is the essay likely to be read as being a specific answer for Columbia and not an excellent finance, obvious essay for another school? If you can answer “Yes!” to deprivation thesis all four questions, it might be a good topic to write about. When judging reapplicants, Columbia makes it perfectly clear what they are expecting.

See here for their criteria. Clearly this essay gives you the opportunity to: 1. Excellent Finance. Showcase what has changed since your last application that now makes you a better candidate. 2. Refine your goals. I think it is reasonable that they may have altered since your last application, but if the change is extreme, you had better explain why. 3. Make a better case for why Columbia is right for you. For more about my many posts on reapplication, please see here. I have helped a number of deprivation thesis reapplicants gain admission to to write about yourself Columbia. Columbia Loves to Be Loved. One thing that is consistent about Columbia Business School is that they want to know that their school is deprivation thesis your first choice. If you have an alumni interview you can be expected to be asked about that very directly.

See here for book report my advice on thesis Columbia interviews. By Sandra Cisneros. Best of luck!

My Libertarianism.org Essays: A Third Anniversary Cerebration. Smith marks three years of his essays with some thoughts about the importance of libertarian theory and history. My first Libertarianism.org essay was posted on November 3, 2011, and this essay is #150 in an ongoing series with no end in deprivation, sight. The fact that I have had no trouble coming up with topics relating to libertarian ideas, especially as manifested in the history of political thought, and the fact that I cannot imagine ever running out of topics, testify to the richness and diversity of the libertarian tradition. I am taking this break from my current series, “Self-Interest and Social Order in things to write yourself in an essay, Classical Liberalism,” in order to offer some reflections on deprivation thesis, the importance of ideas in general and on the history of custom paper uk, libertarian ideas in particular. Since my essays are aimed at deprivation a general audience rather than academics and custom paper uk specialists, a question naturally arises: Why should libertarians care about the philosophy and history of their own political ideology? In addressing this question here I am in a sense carrying coals to deprivation thesis, Newcastle, since anyone who reads my essays on essay, a regular basis is already interested in these matters. Moreover, I don’t think every libertarian necessarily should take an active interest in the philosophical and historical foundations of libertarianism.

As in deprivation, any broad-based movement, specialization and the division of labor have occurred in the libertarian movement, with some participants more focused than others on practical, day-to-day political issues. Cars! All this is deprivation normal and excellent finance unobjectionable, of course, but it would be a serious mistake to suppose that knowledge of the theory and history of libertarian ideas is without practical value. Let’s take a look at this issue in deprivation thesis, more detail. Perhaps the most dramatic difference in libertarian thinking about strategy is that between pragmatists and ideologues. I offer these categories as ideal types or pure forms (to use the sociological terms of Max Weber and Georg Simmel). In other words, I have constructed these ideal types for essay suggestions, the purpose of analysis, without suggesting that real libertarians fall exclusively into one category or the other. Most of us probably embody some features of both types, with a disposition to favor one over the other. Moreover, “pragmatist” and “ideologue” are relative terms; even the thesis most practical of libertarian pragmatists may be regarded as an impractical ideologue by the general public. Pragmatists typically pride themselves on excellent cover, their “common sense” and on their “realistic” view of the political world. Although they do not altogether deny the importance of thesis, theory and ideology, pragmatists believe that these have little application outside the cover finance immediate circle of thesis, hard-core libertarians. Libertarians may enjoy debating the fine points of theory among themselves, but this intellectual recreation cannot help us in the rough and tumble world of politics.

The pragmatist sees himself as a problem-solver; he is going to roll up his sleeves and get something done. The pragmatist is especially fond of talking about “the real world”—a place, he thinks, that ideologues rarely visit and know little about. The real world is the things to write about yourself in an world of flesh-and-blood human beings, the domicile of the proverbial “average person,” in contrast to the abstract world of the libertarian theorist. The pragmatist, however much he may disparage theory, often has a rather elaborate theory about how to thesis, change the world. If he has a background in business (which he often does), the pragmatist will wax eloquent on custom paper uk, how libertarian ideas can be “packaged” and “sold.” The average person, he tells us, doesn’t want to hear about rights and deprivation the proper role of government; he is interested only in paper coasters uk, his family, his job, and his bank account. It is the pragmatist who likes to deprivation thesis, write and read books with titles like How You Can Profit from the cars Coming Extinction of the Human Race. We also have the pragmatic activist who is suspicious of deprivation thesis, abstract ideology and believes that he has his finger on the pulse of writing book report, people in the real world. Deprivation Thesis! Radical ideas and causes, according to this activist, will alienate our potential supporters, many of whom are disenchanted with traditional politics.

Therefore, we are cautioned not to focus on unpopular issues, such as drug legalization. There are many permutations of vs foreign cars essay, pragmatism, some of thesis, which are more sophisticated than the types presented here, but all share a dislike, or at least a strong suspicion, of libertarian ideologues and their abstract arguments. When the libertarian pragmatist speaks of “facts” and the “real world,” he means the knowledge gained through experience and observation, knowledge acquired from specific events and circumstances. He begins with empirical facts (concrete people, specific actions, etc.) and then generalizes about strategy, based on what libertarians can realistically hope to achieve in the near future. This inductive process is based on the historical method. All facts appealed to by the pragmatist (assuming they are accurate) fall within the domain of historical knowledge. History is the study of to write about in an, past human actions; it is concerned with the unique individual event, not with a general pattern or theory. These historical events are what pragmatists call the “real world” of facts. Ironically, the pragmatist sometimes places history in deprivation thesis, the same category as theory, relegating both to the ethereal world of the ideologue, scholar, and academic. Essay Suggestions For Solving Problems! Yet, as Mises and others have pointed out, all human knowledge falls into deprivation, one of these two categories. Knowledge of letter finance, particular concrete facts is always knowledge of something that has already taken place; this is historical knowledge.

General knowledge, on the other hand, does not refer to thesis, a specific time and place; this is theoretical knowledge. All knowledge refers either to specific phenomena that occurred at a determinate time and place in the past, or to general propositions that are abstracted from suggestions for solving any particular time and place. Deprivation Thesis! The former is the sphere of history; the letter latter is the sphere of theory. The pragmatist commits himself to a strategic method based on history instead of theory. This is a plausible choice, provided the pragmatist understands the method he is using, especially its limitations. Deprivation! But this rarely happens.

The pragmatist who disdains theory fails thereby to reflect on the theoretical premises and implications of his own method, which remain unacknowledged, unappreciated, and often ill-treated. I will discuss three aspects of this problem. (1) The failure to essay for solving, analyze methodological assumptions is clearly illustrated by the mole-like historical sight of some pragmatists who, in their search for empirical data, search no farther than their immediate range of vision. History, for deprivation thesis, the mole, is limited to what he has personally witnessed or at about in an essay least to events that have occurred during recent decades. For the mole, history began a decade ago, possibly two or three, but rarely does the mole regard as relevant any event that is older than he is. His life and deprivation memory, it seems, just happen to overlap perfectly with the only period of history that he needs to know. Making For Solving! By a convenient coincidence, all relevant facts pertaining to a free society and how to achieve it are confined to the same period of time in which the pragmatist has been interested in deprivation, libertarianism.

Given his commitment to the real world, the pragmatist should immerse himself in things about yourself in an, a study of the real world (i.e., history) and learn what factors have contributed to freedom over the past 2500 years. Modern libertarians are not the first people to value liberty, nor are we the deprivation thesis most successful. Seventeenth- and eighteenth-century libertarians, for example, faced even greater odds than we do, yet they had spectacular triumphs in some areas, such as religious freedom. Writing A Good Report! Those successes were not accidental. Early libertarians were acutely aware of strategic issues—witness the popular appeal of the Enlightenment philosophes , who devoted a good deal of thought to how to reach a general public—yet many of these early libertarians, because of their acute interest in deprivation thesis, theory and eleven by sandra essays the history of ideas, would qualify as ideologues by the standards of the modern pragmatist.

Indeed, the very word “ideologue” was coined by the pragmatic Napoleon, who used it to smear Benjamin Constant and other French libertarians who refused to sacrifice principles to expediency, and who demanded a philosophical justification for the immense power wielded by Napoleon. I agree with the pragmatist that we should be concerned with what will work in the real world. But this requires that we learn something about the deprivation thesis real world, which is far more complex than the essay mole would have us believe. If we want to know what will work , we should find out what has worked in the past. Thesis! Therefore, the sincere pragmatist, before he trashes ideologues, should study history for ten years or so, reflect on cisneros, what he has read, and then get back to us. (2) The most serious error of pragmatism is its lack of deprivation thesis, appreciation for the role of ideology in social perception. By “social perception” is meant how we “perceive” the world of social wholes (or entities), such as “state,” “society,” “church,” and “the market.” In truth, we do not perceive social entities with our eyes; rather, we understand them with our minds. Social entities, as Hayek said, are “constituted” by the mind.

They are not physical things, like rocks and trees and birds, but are mental constructs of abstract relationships. This means that how we think about social entities will greatly influence how we perceive them. We libertarians know this from experience, having encountered many people who appear to “see” government differently than we do. Some people don’t see government as essentially coercive; they may even see taxes as voluntary. Book Report! These differences in social perception result from viewing social reality through different ideological lenses. Ideology is absolutely essential to the success of the libertarian movement, because it establishes a common frame of reference. If we fail to convince the average person, this is often because we see a different social reality than does the thesis average person. A Good! Before we can convince other people we must be referring to the same social world. The real world of social interaction is not merely a world of objective data and physical entities.

It is largely a subjective world, one that is filtered through ideological assumptions, premises, and prejudices. The social world is constituted by the ideas that people have about it. If libertarians can change those ideas, they can, in a very literal sense, change the world. (3) In evaluating any form of pragmatism, we should keep in deprivation thesis, mind that the greatest benefits of a free society are often those that cannot be foreseen or predicted. As Hayek pointed out, this has important implications for any pragmatic strategy. As he wrote in Law, Legislation, and Liberty : “Since the value of freedom rests on excellent letter finance, the opportunities it provides for unforeseen and unpredictable actions, we will rarely know what we lose through a particular restriction of freedom.” The direct effects of thesis, market intervention, including its apparent short-term benefits, will be apparent in many cases, but we cannot know all the opportunities that have been lost through such intervention. This means that liberty will tend to lose out in many cost-benefit analyses, because the benefits of intervention can be “seen,” while the costs, the unrealized opportunities, remain largely “unseen” (to use Bastiat’s terms). Consequently, whenever policy decisions are based on essay, expediency instead of principle, “freedom is bound to be sacrificed in almost every instance.” Hayek continued:

The preservation of a free system is so difficult precisely because it requires a constant rejection of measures which appear to deprivation, be required to writing report, secure particular results, on no stronger grounds than that they conflict with a general rule, and frequently without our knowing what will be the costs of deprivation thesis, not observing the coasters uk rule in deprivation thesis, the particular instance. A successful defense of vs foreign cars essay, freedom must therefore be dogmatic and make no concessions to thesis, expediency….Freedom will prevail only if it is accepted as a general principle whose application to particular instances requires no justification. Modern libertarian theory is steeped in the revolutionary ideology of the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries; of a good book, this there can be no doubt. It was mainly from deprivation thesis British writers like Algernon Sidney, John Locke, and Trenchard and eleven cisneros Gordon (the authors of Cato’s Letters ) that eighteenth-century Americans learned their revolutionary catechism. Libertarians are generally aware of their revolutionary heritage. What they sometimes fail to appreciate, however, is deprivation thesis how detailed and specific our ideological ancestors were about some key features of libertarian theory. In some cases they explored the eleven essays theory of liberty in greater detail than have present-day libertarians, but some of their insights have unfortunately been lost or ignored by the modern movement.

Having immersed myself for many years in the libertarian literature of the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries, I sometimes forget that my enthusiasm is not shared by every libertarian. I am quite astonished when I recall that some dedicated libertarians have never even read John Locke, even though his Second Treatise of deprivation thesis, Government is arguably the most important and influential book on liberty ever written. I recommend that you read such people, not because they will increase your knowledge of history—though there is certainly nothing wrong with that—but because they will increase your knowledge of writing book report, liberty. Much of what early philosophers of liberty had to say is of practical value to modern libertarians. As noted previously, our forefathers and foremothers faced even greater odds than we do, yet their efforts to establish liberty in deprivation thesis, various spheres—religious, personal, political, and economic—proved more successful than we find in modern times. Thus if we want to cisneros essays, know how to persuade people to accept the ideas of liberty and establish a free society, we should begin by reading our successful ancestors. Their ideas are as fresh and suggestive as the day they were written, however old and dusty the books may be in which those ideas appear. Philosophy, unlike science, does not tend to advance through the progressive accumulation of knowledge.

The modern student of physics does not need to read Isaac Newton in order to learn about deprivation thesis physics. Making For Solving! The student, if he reads Newton at all, does so because he is interested in the origin of his science, not because he expects to find the best presentation of his subject matter. What remains of value in Newton has been sifted and thesis refined by many generations of scientists, and the student can benefit from paper coasters this cumulative process by reading a modern up-to-date text on physics. But philosophical theories, including ideas about liberty, do not follow this cumulative pattern. Rather, they tend to zig forward and zag backward in an erratic and unpredictable fashion. Deprivation Thesis! The theory of liberty began to zig noticeably in the seventeenth century. This trend continued, more or less, until the twentieth century brought us statism, collectivism, and total war. This highly retrogressive zag, which is probably the most severe setback that liberty has ever suffered, continued virtually unchecked until the rebirth of libertarian theory a few decades ago.

Let me try to clarify the essay historical status of the deprivation modern movement through an analogy. The Italian Renaissance of the fifteenth century, which was an eleven essays, enthusiastic revival of Greek philosophy, science, and literature, paved the way for the Scientific Revolution. The European mind was stimulated to deprivation, move forward by looking backward at the finest intellectual culture ever produced in the Western World, that of ancient Greece. As libertarians we look forward to a revolution in custom coasters, liberty, but this lies somewhere in the future. We are currently in our renaissance stage, attempting to thesis, restore the lost or forgotten ideas of book report, our predecessors.

The intellectual culture of the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries, a period rich in libertarian ideas, is to our renaissance what the culture of ancient Greece was to the Italian Renaissance—the source of deprivation thesis, our inspiration and the foundation of our future progress. I suggest that libertarians can best move forward by first looking backward and rediscovering the intellectual gems that were bequeathed to us by our libertarian progenitors, who were more advanced than we are, theoretically speaking, in several major areas. George H. Smith was formerly Senior Research Fellow for the Institute for Humane Studies, a lecturer on American History for Cato Summer Seminars, and Executive Editor of Knowledge Products. Smith's fourth book, The System of essay making for solving, Liberty , was recently published by deprivation Cambridge University Press. Explore our growing library of content Start Exploring.

Justice, prosperity, responsibility, tolerance, cooperation, and peace.