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Good college application essays

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Aristotle: Nicomachean Ethics Aristotle. Aristotle: Nicomachean Ethics essays are academic essays for citation. These papers were written primarily by students and provide critical analysis of college application Aristotle's Ethics. Aristotle: Nicomachean Ethics Material. GradeSaver provides access to 843 study guide PDFs and quizzes, 6317 literature essays, 1745 sample college application essays, 259 lesson plans, and ad-free surfing in this premium content, “Members Only” section of the for essay titles site! Membership includes a 10% discount on all editing orders.

Aristotle: Nicomachean Ethics Essays. Building from Happiness to Friendship Matthew Fleck. In Nicomachean Ethics, Aristotle examines happiness, which is the good towards which every human action is directed. Entangled in this pursuit is Aristotle's discussion of such ideas as virtue, magnanimity, justice and friendship, as well as the. Virtue in Aristotle#39;s Ethics Jason Van Dyke. Aristotle devotes the first six books of his Nicomachean Ethics to a discussion of good essays virtue. In doing so he divides virtue into two different categories: moral virtue and intellectual virtue and discusses them individually.

However, in our approach. Courage and Aristotle#39;s Doctrine of the Mean Anonymous. A Collection. For Aristotle, the doctrine of the mean is good a moral frame of reference by which each manAAAs character can be better understood. When applied to specific virtues such as courage, it illuminates what Aristotle believes to be the complex relationship. Self-Love: The Blueprint for Justice A. Livezey. Aristotle asks good human beings to engineering college, be self-lovers, devoting special attention to good college application essays, virtue's most fundamental groundwork.

With all individual actions, it is the intellect which must determine the essay help course of proper morality and college strength of character;. Paper. Aristotle#39;s Critiques of Plato#39;s Arguments Anonymous. Many of good college application Aristotle's views have stemmed from those of operations term paper Plato. However, in Nicomachean Ethics and good college application Politics, Aristotle criticizes four main arguments in Plato's Republic. They are: the paper way in which women and children should be held in common, the. When the Last Puzzle Piece Will Not Fit: Plato and Aristotle#39;s Functionalist Definitions of Human Nature and Purpose Vanessa Carr. Not all are equal in Plato's Republic or Aristotle's Nichomachean Ethics and Politics.

Plato and Aristotle argue that people possess a certain natural ability that determines their role in society. The fundamental character of one's soul, in part. Happiness: the good essays Individual, the City, and the Ideal Anonymous. In both Plato's Republic and Aristotle's Nicomachean Ethics and Politics, happiness is a state of stability and harmony that is present both within the individual and in his relations with other people. Furthermore, both philosophers emphasize. Influences on Aristotle#39;s Rhetoric by for essay, Plato and Isocrates Anonymous.

What does it mean to be human? We are “decision-making creatures capable of overruling [their] own instincts.” It naturally follows that those tools which enable humans to exhibit these unique characteristics are the most essential to human. Finding Machiavelli: An Examination of Motive and Intention Through a Modern Political Lens Anonymous. Niccolo Machiavelli’s seminal work of political science, The Prince, directed at college application, a prince of the then-powerful Medici family of Florence, has been the subject of much debate over the centuries since it was published. Decried as a. Comparison of Aristotle#39;s and Machiavelli#39;s Philosophies Shenjun Xu. The conflict between the ideal and titles the reality has long been the center of the debate in the history of political philosophy.

Many famous philosophers have constructed an imaginary world upon which their entire theories are based. They believe an. Ancient to Modern Ethics: Aristotle and Kant on Virtue and Happiness Anonymous College. The following essay aims to compare Ancient versus Modern theories of ethics, particularly those of Aristotle and college application essays Immanuel Kant. The central concepts of virtue, happiness, and the human good are relevant to modern ethics, but do not play the same.

The Goodness in the Situational Ethic Anonymous College. The nature of goodness is distinctly disparate between Plato and scatter Aristotle. Plato argues for a higher form of goodness, while Aristotle argues back with a societal form of goodness. Aristotle’s view of goodness is far more realistic to the actual. Friendship in Aristotle#39;s Writings Anonymous College. Friendship is arguably the most relevant philosophical matter expounded upon in The Nicomachean Ethics . While other virtues may not be practiced on a daily basis, friendship and application the implications of engineering admissions such a relationship are somewhat more consistent. Aristotle’s Introduction to Function, Reason, and Virtue Anonymous College. In the first two books of Nicomachean Ethics, Aristotle asserts that the function of humans is to practice rational activity, which completed over a lifetime makes a good life. Aristotle first explores the function and ends of all actions and.

Comparison of the Ethics Inculcated by college, Three Political Figures: Aristotle, Gandhi, and globalization on culture the Dalai Lama Aris Raj Agarwala 12th Grade. The rationale of the Dalai Lama has been a concept passed down from essays many generations. Being a line of reincarnations, very rarely have the morals deviated from the term original Dalai Lama. Said to embody compassion, the Dalai Lama defined his duty to. Virtue Surmounts Deception Anonymous College.

Several of the most famous stories told to young children were Aesop’s fables, creative stories designed to good application, teach valuable life lessons. One of the most memorable to me was the fable about the lion that spared a mouse’s life and assagioli psychosynthesis a collection was later rescued.

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Tips for Crafting Your Best College Essay

Future Research Directions in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease. Published in Am J Respir Crit Care Med Vol 165. pp 838 -844, 2002 Internet address: www.atsjournals.org. THOMAS L. CROXTON, GAIL G. WEINMANN, ROBERT M. SENIOR, and JOHN R. HOIDAL. Division of Lung Diseases, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, Bethesda, Maryland; Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Barnes-Jewish Hospital, St. Louis, Missouri; and Department of Medicine, University of Utah Medical Center, Salt Lake City, Utah. Between 3 and 7 million Americans are currently diagnosed with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and the true prevalence is probably greater than 16 million (1). Application Essays. Many of these individuals suffer years of progressive discomfort and puns for essay titles, disability. With the number of deaths per year attributed to application this disease at approximately 100,000 and increasing, COPD is now the fourth leading cause of death in this country (2) and is expected to be third by management term paper, the year 2020. Cigarette smoking is firmly established as the major cause of COPD, but approximately one-quarter of essays Americans continue to smoke, despite aggressive smoking prevention and cessation efforts.

Better means are clearly needed for the prevention and treatment of COPD, and more scientific research is needed to enable improvements in its clinical management. Unfortunately, research progress in this field has been slow. Most basic scientific research over the past 35 years has focused on for essay, the pathogenetic roles of good application cigarette smoke, inflammation, and protease/antiprotease balance, based on puns for essay, the association of good college essays COPD with cigarette smoking and the early discovery that a subgroup of globalization on culture essay patients with emphysema is genetically deficient in good college application, an inhibitor of a neutrophil protease (3). Although the english essay help, cigarette-inflammation-protease theory captures key features of COPD epidemiology and pathology, this approach has not yet led to a reduction in COPD prevalence or morbidity, to the development of any therapy proven to modify the disease process itself, or to an adequate understanding of how risk factors other than cigarette smoking may contribute to COPD pathogenesis. However, there are encouraging indications for future COPD research. Data that support several novel concepts have been presented, there have been unanticipated discoveries, and new experimental approaches and techniques that are aptly suited to application essays COPD research have been developed. Furthermore, elucidation of cellular pathways that are critically involved in COPD pathogenesis may lead rapidly to clinical trials of radiation potential therapeutics, given the improving capabilities of the pharmaceutical industry for development of mechanism-specific drugs. Because of the enormous public health burden imposed by COPD and the urgent need for research progress in this area, the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI, Bethesda, MD) convened a Working Group to discuss potential directions for future investigations. College Application Essays. This group was charged with evaluating the management, current state of knowledge, identifying critical gaps in our knowledge, and college application essays, understanding, recognizing the most promising opportunities, and developing specific recommendations to be used by the NHLBI in term, planning its promotion of future COPD research. College Essays. This article is introduction, a summary of that Working Group meeting. Specific recommendations for future research directions in COPD follow a discussion of several intriguing clinical and epidemiological characteristics of essays COPD that must be accounted for in a more complete theory of disease pathogenesis and a review of research advances that may foreshadow important new areas of investigation.

COPD is a collection of conditions, including emphysema and chronic obstructive bronchitis, which are characterized by persistent airflow limitation that is not substantially reversed by management term, bronchodilators. COPD is good college application essays, most commonly seen in long-term smokers and is usually associated with progressive decline in pulmonary function, more rapid than that associated with normal aging. Operations. A variety of injurious stimuli, including cigarette smoke, pancreatic elastase, bacterial lipopolysaccharides, cadmium, chloramine-T, oxidants, silica, and severe starvation, can induce changes in animal lungs that model aspects of human COPD (4). Because many seemingly unrelated pathways can cause emphysema or bronchitis, the college application, relevance of any one model to human disease is uncertain. Scatter Digital Tomosynthesis. Conversely, no single theory of COPD is yet capable of encompassing the known correlates of the human disease. Hence, it is instructive to consider certain features of COPD that may not be consistent with a simple cigarette neutrophil protease theory.

Airway inflammation and college, parenchymal inflammation are consistent findings in COPD, and the airways of smokers with airflow limitation contain greater numbers of inflammatory cells than do the engineering admissions, airways of smokers with normal FEV1 (5). Nonetheless, several observations suggest that the connection between COPD and college, airways inflammation is complex. First, inflammation is observed in the lungs of smokers who do not meet clinical criteria for diagnosis of engineering COPD. Second, inflammation persists long after smoking cessation (6). Third, there is overlap in the profiles of inflammatory cells and college, mediators expressed in COPD and in asthma (7).

Fourth, inhaled corticosteroids do not prevent the progressive loss of lung function in subjects with COPD (8). Fifth, the increased numbers of infiltrating macrophages, neutrophils, and lymphocytes in the lungs of individuals with COPD are less than those observed in other inflammatory lung conditions that are not associated with the development of engineering admissions essay COPD. Furthermore, the geographical distribution of inflammatory cells is not always concordant with the sites of lung tissue destruction. In many patients, the expression of good college COPD is dominated by signs and symptoms of chronic bronchitis with a common complaint of productive cough. The relationships between mucous hyper-secretion and pathogenetic mechanisms of emphysema and airways obstruction are poorly understood. For Essay. Although early epidemiological studies of occupational cohorts failed to associate mucous hypersecretion with rapid progression of college essays COPD, some more recent population-based studies have reported an association of chronic mucous hypersecretion with accelerated decline in FEV1 (9). The question of whether mucous metaplasia and mucous hypersecretion cause annoying but innocuous symptoms or are instead etiologically related to long-term worsening of COPD remains unanswered. Acute Exacerbations and Bacterial Infections. The slow progression of COPD is typically punctuated by acute exacerbations characterized by increased dyspnea, cough, and tomosynthesis, mucous production often with a change in mucus color. Airway infections are involved in at least some cases but the cause of most exacerbations is good essays, not known. The possible role of pathogens or of the acute exacerbations themselves in progression of COPD remains uncertain.

One suggestion is that cigarette smoking predisposes to bacterial colonization and that bacterial products then contribute to inflammation, activation of proteases, and alteration in subsequent host responses to inhaled toxicants (10). Despite striking differences between COPD and asthma, several facts demand continued consideration of the relationship between these diseases. First, some patients with COPD show considerable, albeit partial, reversal of operations management term airflow limitation with bronchodilators. Second, methacholine reactivity, a hallmark characteristic of asthma, is strongly associated with accelerated decline in FEV1 in good college, individuals with COPD (11). Third, inflammatory cells and cytokines typical of allergic disease are increased in the airways of patients with COPD and are associated with more severe disease (7, 12). Fourth, transgenic mice overexpressing mediators associated with asthma and on culture essay, allergic disease have shown characteristics of COPD such as airway neutrophilia and emphysema (13, 14). These observations suggest that certain pathogenetic processes may be common to good college application essays asthma and COPD.

A basic question regarding pulmonary function in COPD remains unanswered: Why is a simple measure of airflow limitation such a useful index of severity and scatter radiation digital, prognosis across the full range of disease manifestations? Although it is well established that individuals with low FEV1 are more likely to good essays show rapid decline in pulmonary function and are more likely to globalization die from COPD (15, 16), the good application, connection between specific disease mechanisms and impairment in pulmonary function remains unclear. In fact, neither CT quantification of emphysema nor pathological measures of airway structural abnormalities correlated well with FEV1 (17). The meaning of pulmonary function deficits in COPD is scatter radiation, further obscured by the fact that FEV1 (% predicted) is significantly associated with lung cancer mortality and cardiovascular mortality, as well as COPD mortality (16). Application. Finally, although FEV1 is an essential measure in COPD research, its usefulness is limited by its inability to reveal regional variations in disease within the lungs or to distinguish between a wide range of scatter radiation digital tomosynthesis pathophysiological processes, including smooth muscle hypertrophy, fibrosis, mucous metaplasia, inflammation, and loss of bronchiolar tethering with alveolar destruction. Variation in Susceptibility to COPD and Disease Progression. Cigarette smoking is by far the most important causative factor for COPD; and in population studies the amount of smoking correlates with loss of lung function. Nonetheless, only a minority of smokers, widely quoted as 15%, ever develop symptomatic COPD (18). Good. Several genetic and environmental associations have been identified, but the greatest portion of individual variation in management, susceptibility cannot be attributed to essays known factors. Puns For Essay Titles. Understanding why only certain smokers develop COPD is important not only for understanding the true mechanisms of essays disease development, but also because such knowledge might allow targeting of intensive smoking interventions to individuals at highest risk and might enhance the effectiveness of those interventions. Even among those with COPD, the rate of decline in FEV1 can vary from tomosynthesis apparently normal values to greater than 150 ml/year, despite similar smoking histories and levels of initial FEV1 (19).

Such striking variation in the rate of decline in FEV1 among individuals suggests that as yet unknown intrinsic or environmental factors may be important determinants of college application essays disease course. Scatter Radiation. These factors may or may not be the same as those determining susceptibility to disease. There is also remarkable unexplained variation in the manifestations of good COPD with regard to the severity of bronchitic symptoms, the extent of emphysema, and the distribution of emphysematous changes in engineering, the lung (centrilobular vs. panlobular patterns). Other Lung Diseases Associated with Cigarette Smoking. Several interstitial lung disorders may be relevant to COPD pathogenesis because they typically occur in current or former smokers: idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (including both usual interstitial pneumonitis and desquamative interstitial pneumonitis), respiratory bronchiolitis-associated interstitial lung disease, and pulmonary histiocytosis X (20). Although all of these conditions involve some form of lung inflammation, each presents a distinctive pattern of pathological findings, reversibility, responsiveness to corticosteroids, and prognosis. A more complete understanding of cigarette smoke effects in the lungs should explain these varied diseases as well as COPD. NEW RESULTS, CONCEPTS, AND OPPORTUNITIES IN COPD RESEARCH.

COPD researchers have presented a number of unexpected results, novel ideas, and promising approaches for further research. This section briefly describes some innovative concepts identified by college essays, the Working Group that may prove important in COPD pathogenesis and some more recent methodological advances that will likely be of value to research in this field. Diversity of a collection of Protease Functions. In addition to college degradation of elastic fibers and other components of the essay help, extracellular matrix, it is now appreciated that proteases have many other pathophysiological actions that may be relevant to COPD pathogenesis (21). Application Essays. Proteases act to facilitate antigen presentation, inactivate host-defensive surfactant protein A, stimulate serous and mucous secretions, liberate chemotaxins from the extracellular matrix, inhibit removal of apoptotic cells, induce and inactivate interleukin 8, and activate tumor necrosis factor and interleukin 1 beta. Rational therapeutic agents may possibly be developed by globalization essay, clarification of which alpha protease actions are of importance in good application essays, COPD, identification of which of the many proteases elaborated by assagioli psychosynthesis, inflammatory and lung septal (endothelial, epithelial, smooth muscle, and fibroblast) cells perform those actions, and design of small molecules with an appropriate spectrum of protease inhibitory activity. Cigarette smoking imposes severe oxidative stress on the lungs both directly, via reactive species in the smoke, and college application, indirectly through activation of inflammatory cells. Term Paper. Oxidative stress may contribute to COPD through many biological actions, including cellular injury, oxidation and application, nitration of proteins, changes in gene expression, stimulation of mucous secretion, inactivation of antiproteases, expression of proinflammatory mediators, remodeling of blood vessels, and enhancement of apoptosis (22).

Markers of oxidative stress (e.g., hydrogen peroxide, 8-isoprostane, and lipid peroxides) are elevated in the breath or serum of subjects with COPD, and epidemiological studies have demonstrated negative associations of dietary antioxidant intake with pulmonary function and with obstructive airway disease (23). A plausible risk factor for the development of COPD is the puns titles, presence of latent viral infection in the lung. In a study of surgical specimens, a segment of the adenoviral genome was found in greater copy numbers in tissues from patients with airflow limitation than in tissues from control subjects. In a guinea pig model, latent adenoviral infection potentiated the inflammatory effects of cigarette smoke, and transfection of college application cells in vitro with adenoviral DNA was shown to activate nuclear factor B and potentiate corticosteroid-resistant production of interleukin 8 (24, 25). Chronic bronchitis is associated with hyperplasia of both epithelial goblet cells and submucosal glands in the airways. Essay. Mucous hypersecretion may also be induced by inflammation in the absence of good college substantial gland enlargement (26). Progress is being made in identifying the cellular pathways by which diverse stimuli, including reactive oxygen species, increase epithelial mucin secretion. The protein tyrosine kinase c-Src and the mitogenactivated protein kinase Erk 1/2 appear to be important in transducing signals initiated by assagioli a collection of, components of cigarette smoke (27).

Less is college application essays, known about the regulation of submucosal glands, despite the fact that these are the source for most of the mucus in psychosynthesis, the airways (28). Emphysematous human lungs showed increased numbers of apoptotic alveolar endothelial and good essays, epithelial cells in comparison with control lungs (29). Although the cause and significance of this finding remain uncertain, there are several possible links between programmed cell death and mechanisms of COPD pathogenesis. First, excess protease activity could cause cellular apoptosis through loss of cell matrix attachments. Second, the admissions, apoptotic rate regulates the lifetimes of application various inflammatory cells; and cigarette smoke extracts induced apoptosis of alveolar macrophages in vitro (30).

Third, neutrophil elastase can inactivate a phosphatidylserine receptor involved in cellular uptake and removal of apoptotic cells (31), possibly enhancing inflammation through diminished release of operations paper transforming growth factor beta or through the release of good application inflammatory mediators from neutrophils that are not properly removed. Role of Blood Vessels. Treatment of rats with a blocker of the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) type 2 receptor caused emphysema that was associated with endothelial cell apoptosis and with markers of oxidant stress but was not accompanied by inflammation (32). The relevance of this process to COPD is operations management paper, supported by observations that oxidant stress decreases VEGF levels and essays, that expression of both VEGF and its receptor are decreased in emphysema (29). Emphysema might result from failure of a lung cellular and molecular maintenance program due to on culture essay a vicious cycle of oxidant stress and protease activation. Little is known regarding chronic regulation of alveolar septal endothelial cells, but studies of larger pulmonary vessels indicate that endothelial injury can lead to increased elastase activity and degradation of extracellular matrix (33). An attractive therapeutic goal would be reversal of emphysema by increasing the number of alveoli.

One model for this process is the septation of alveoli that occurs during late fetal and postnatal development. Although it has generally been assumed that adult lungs lack a capability for alveolar plasticity, the emphysema caused by lung instillation of elastase in adult rats was reversed by treatment with all- trans retinoic acid (34). A feasibility study of retinoic acid is college application, underway in subjects with COPD. There has been encouraging progress in the identification of chemical markers of COPD. Subjects with stable COPD were shown to have elevated markers of oxidant stress in management, exhaled air (35), of inflammation in serum and sputum (36, 37), and of elastin degradation in urine (38). These results suggest that multifaceted characterization of COPD patients may be possible by noninvasive means. Pulmonary function is influenced by heredity (39, 40).

There is also familial aggregation of good essays COPD, indicating probable heritability of risk factors for the disease (41). Precisely how genetic factors contribute to for essay the risks of development and progression of essays COPD remains unknown, but there has been progress toward identification of relevant genes. Case control studies suggested associations between COPD and polymorphisms of the alpha1-antitrypsin, tumor necrosis factor alpha, and surfactant protein B genes (19, 42, 43). Scatter Tomosynthesis. A genome-wide screen of families having a proband with severe, early-onset COPD identified interesting regions on several chromosomes that may yield linkages with phenotypes of airflow obstruction and chronic bronchitis (44). Only modest progress has been made in characterizing the lung inflammation associated with COPD, particularly in comparison with the extensive profiling that has been performed in individuals with asthma. There are increased numbers of CD8 + T cells in college application, the airways and introduction, lung parenchyma of smoking subjects with COPD, and there is college essays, a negative correlation between FEV1 (% predicted) and CD8+ T cell number (45). The large airways of smokers with severe COPD show increased numbers of neutrophils, macrophages, and natural killer lymphocytes in comparison with smokers without clinically defined COPD; and each of these cell types is negatively associated with FEV1 (5).

Neutrophils tend to localize with the airway epithelium, but nodules of B lymphocytes are found in the submucosa and adventitia (46). Substantial progress in immunological research should provide a basis for introduction help, detailed characterization of the good, inflammatory process in COPD. Airspace enlargement has been seen in numerous genetic mouse models, including both inbred strains (e.g., tight skin, pallid, and puns titles, blotchy mice) and mice designed with constitutive overexpression of particular genes (e.g., collagenase or platelet-derived growth factor B). More recently, mouse models with inducible, lung-specific expression of particular cytokines have been shown to manifest lung abnormalities that are clearly not attributable to aberrant development of the lung. Overexpression of interleukin 11 in adult mice produced peribronchiolar lymphoid nodules similar to those observed in human COPD but did not cause emphysema (47). Overexpression in adult mice of either interferon, a major product of CD8+ lymphocytes, or interleukin 13, a mediator associated with CD4+ T cells and asthma, produced emphysema-like changes (14, 48). These models showed distinguishable profiles of increased protease expression and good college application, only interleukin 13 caused mucous metaplasia. Finally, a gene-targeting approach (loss of function) has proven useful for testing the contributions of various matrix metalloproteinases in the development of cigarette smoke-induced emphysema in the mouse (4). Developments in three techniques for lung imaging may allow more sensitive detection and better quantification of lung injury in smokers and patients with COPD.

High-resolution computed tomography (CT) now provides images of airways as small as 2 mm and indices of impact essay parenchymal density that correlate well with diffusing capacity (49). Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of tracer gases in the lungs can demonstrate ventilation in application essays, real time (50) and may provide a measure of alveolar size (51). Positron emission tomography (PET) can potentially be used to engineering college admissions essay quantify inflammatory cell activity in the lungs (52). These methods may prove to be of great value for characterization of the good college application essays, lung in COPD with respect to introduction help localization of application disease (e.g., pattern of emphysema by CT), physiological sequelae (e.g., air trapping by MRI), and in vivo biochemical and cellular analyses (by PET). Molecular Characterization of essay help Diseased Tissues and college, Cells. The identification of most human genes paves the way for characterization of diseased tissues at an unprecedented level of molecular detail. Essay. The expression levels of a multitude of genes in a tissue can be assayed with microarrays of good college gene-specific probes, whereas reverse transcription in puns, histological sections can be used to college application show the distribution of expression of operations management paper a particular gene at high spatial resolution. Development of antibody-based microarrays may allow characterization of the expression of multiple genes at the protein level. Of particular interest to COPD research, given the multiplicity of cell types in the lung, are methods such as laser capture microdissection for good college application, isolation of RNA from single cells (53) and techniques for reverse transcription and cDNA amplification in essay, situ . Good College Essays. Coupled with sensitive assays, these developing methods may allow gene expression profiling at globalization impact on culture essay, the single-cell level (54).

Immunoblot analysis of a protein from good college essays a single cell may also be possible by amplification of a double-stranded DNA label on the secondary antibody (55). Classes of pharmaceuticals of potential usefulness in COPD that are either available now or are anticipated in the near future include long-acting M3-selective muscarinic antagonists, leukotriene B4 inhibitors, 5-lipoxygenase inhibitors, phosphodiesterase 4 inhibitors, thromboxane antagonists, endothelin antagonists, adenosine A2a agonists, antioxidants, nuclear factor kappa B inhibitors, adhesion molecule antagonists, p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase inhibitors, interleukin 8 antagonists, tumor necrosis factor antagonists, neutrophil elastase inhibitors, matrix metalloproteinase inhibitors, tachykinin antagonists, mucolytics, antiapoptotic compounds, and globalization impact essay, enhancers of mucociliary clearance. Even when proof of principle is established, the ability of any of these agents to alter outcomes in COPD remains speculative because the college application essays, critical pathogenetic pathways for this disease have not yet been determined. An important limiting factor in on culture essay, development of drug treatments for COPD is the lack of efficient and economical means to identify which drugs are most likely to be of value and to test their clinical efficacy. RECOMMENDATIONS FOR FUTURE RESEARCH. There was consensus among members of the Working Group that the good application, following objectives are important to COPD research and are feasible within approximately five years. It was noted that the introduction, accomplishment of these goals will require a substantial increase in COPD research activity, with training and recruitment of additional researchers and enhanced cooperation between universities and the pharmaceutical industry. In many cases, the good college, need has long been recognized, but the opportunity to accomplish the research has come about assagioli a collection of, as a result of the development of new experimental tools and techniques. Description of the Disease Process. Characterization of human lung tissues by advanced molecular, biochemical, microbiological, and histopathological methods. Research progress in COPD is hampered by a lack of good college fundamental knowledge regarding the psychosynthesis a collection, pathology of this disease, particularly with regard to small airways.

Changes with COPD in the structure, cellular composition, inflammatory status, and chemical milieu of the lung are poorly defined, as are the relationships of these changes to college clinical manifestations of the disease. There is a need for systematic comparison of lung structural, inflammatory, and scatter radiation, biochemical characteristics with clinical history, status, and course. Characterization of lung tissues can now be performed with exquisite detail, using advanced methods of immunology, viral and microbial detection, molecular histopathology, microarray profiling of gene expression, and proteomic analysis. An appropriate source of tissues for such studies may be surgical specimens from individuals with suspected lung cancer, a population that is at college application, substantial risk for COPD. An appropriate mechanism might be a cooperative research program that combines the efforts of academic and industrial researchers in characterization of radiation digital tomosynthesis a large number of good subjects and in the establishment of a repository for DNA, tissues, other biological specimens, and clinical data. Biomarkers and radiation tomosynthesis, intermediate end points.

One limitation in COPD research is the lack of college essays readily measurable markers that correlate with disease severity or outcome. Long-term monitoring of declines in FEV1 has been used to identify risk factors and gauge the efficacy of putative therapies, but that approach is slow and expensive. Biomarkers of COPD would be of value for operations term, investigations of the natural history and epidemiology of good application essays COPD, for phenotyping in college admissions, genetic studies, and for clarifying the relationships of good college application animal models to human disease. Puns. Validated surrogate markers of COPD might also serve as intermediate end points for evaluations of efficacy and appropriate dosage of good essays potential therapeutic agents in relatively short-term studies. Psychosynthesis. Markers involving noninvasive methods would be of particular value.

A wide range of possible approaches exists, including ( 1 ) chemicals in breath, sputum, blood, or urine that reflect lung inflammation or injury; ( 2 ) improved noninvasive mechanical tests of lung function; ( 3 ) proteomic and gene expression profiling; and ( 4 ) lung imaging by CT, MRI, or PET. Longitudinal and cross-sectional studies of well characterized smokers with and without COPD are needed to evaluate the correlation of a broad array of good college application putative markers with COPD susceptibility, severity, exacerbation, and progression. Inflammation. Despite the failure of inhaled corticosteroids to slow the decline of english FEV1 in college application, COPD (8), other anti-inflammatory agents might be highly effective. Radiation Digital Tomosynthesis. Studies are needed to good college application essays better characterize the inflammation of COPD, to define what is appropriate immune function in the lung, and to psychosynthesis discover pharmacological means for good college, ensuring beneficial, rather than injurious, contributions of lung inflammatory cells. Scatter Radiation Tomosynthesis. Three lines of investigation may be involved. First, extensive characterization of the inflammatory status of smokers with and without COPD is needed to define the subtypes of application essays inflammatory cells present, the operations term paper, movement and fate of college essays immune cells recruited to globalization essay the lung, and good application essays, the particular cytokines involved. Second, genetic factors governing immune responsiveness should be identified and tested as possible determinants of scatter radiation digital tomosynthesis susceptibility to lung injury. Third, in vitro systems and animal models should be utilized to investigate the effects of tobacco smoke components on inflammatory cells and to application essays study inflammatory cell trafficking and mechanisms of globalization impact on culture sustained inflammation. Genetic risk factors.

A knowledge of genetic determinants of COPD could lead to recognition of biochemical pathways that contribute to the disease and allow targeting of public health interventions to individuals at greatest risk. A program for identification of genes related to COPD should consider several issues: First, simultaneous characterization of good application essays multiple phenotypes will be necessary because different genes may be related to different aspects of the disease (e.g., susceptibility, severity, propensity to exacerbation, rate of progression, and chronic bronchitis vs. emphysema). Second, family-based studies involving genome-wide screening by linkage analysis of affected sibling pairs or extended pedigrees should be used because there is a high probability that unsuspected genes are involved. Families in globalization impact, isolated populations, rather than outbred populations like the general U.S. population, may be studied more efficiently. Third, animal models are an essential component of a human genetics program because they can be used to good college application identify candidate genes and to study the pathophysiological ramifications of a defined genotype.

Fourth, case-control association studies of particular candidate genes will eventually be needed to test the relevance of results obtained in particular families to the disease in the general population. Selection criteria for candidate genes should include probable biological relevance to paper known pathophysiology, evidence of involvement with disease in animal models, and data from human studies for gene linkage with COPD. Good Essays. Fifth, although not ideal for puns titles, genetic studies, clinical trials involving large numbers of well-characterized subjects with COPD should obtain and archive DNA samples whenever possible to allow for later analysis of good college application essays candidate genes. Causes and management term, consequences of essays exacerbations. Although disease exacerbations are a major concern of both patients with COPD and their physicians, an understanding of the origins and development of these episodes is lacking.

There is a need for research directed toward identifying the bases of for essay COPD exacerbations and application essays, clarifying the pathophysiological processes that contribute to worsening of symptoms. Of particular interest are the roles of engineering admissions infectious agents, other environmental insults, and immune responsiveness in exacerbations and the relationships between exacerbations and the underlying disease process. Mucous metaplasia and college application essays, excess mucous secretion. Mucous production is troublesome to many patients with COPD, yet little is known regarding the mechanisms of mucous hypersecretion, the benefits and risks associated with increased mucous production, or the help, means whereby mucin secretion, mucus composition, and mucociliary clearance might be therapeutically regulated. Research is needed to expand our understanding of the molecular and application essays, cellular mechanisms of mucous metaplasia and english essay, excess mucous production. Good. Studies of the submucosal glands of scatter small airways are especially needed because these glands are probably of most importance in COPD and have attracted relatively little research interest. Animal models. The development of new animal models of COPD is important for good, hypothesis testing regarding pathogenetic mechanisms of COPD. Topics of special interest include the biochemical basis of term paper lung growth, damage, and repair; the necessity and sufficiency of good college application specific inflammatory and mucous pathways for the development of small airways disease; and the reversibility of lung damage.

Efforts should be made to correlate pulmonary physiological abnormalities, radiographic images, proteomic profiles, and small airway pathology in these animal models. Lung development and alveolar regeneration. Stimulation of alveolar regeneration is an impact exciting possibility for disease-modifying therapy of COPD. Fundamental advances in this area are likely to derive from animal studies of alveolar development in the late fetal and postnatal periods. Such research might include gene expression and proteomic analyses of the developing lung, studies of the regulation of expression of relevant genes, studies of the coordination of vascularization and lung development and repair, use of transgenic mice to evaluate the role of specific growth factors in the lung, and investigations of the mechanisms whereby toxins (e.g., in utero nicotine) impair lung growth. Good College Application Essays. In addition, studies of alveolar regeneration in assagioli psychosynthesis, adults of multiple species are needed to deter-mine the capacity of mature lungs for alveolar regrowth and the conditions under which alveolar regeneration can occur. Clinical studies. Although not extensively discussed, Working Group participants recommended controlled studies to good college application validate or revise current clinical practices.

Potential areas for globalization impact essay, such research include, but are not limited to, indications for long-term oxygen therapy, management of sleep disturbance in COPD, alleviation of nocturnal hypoxemia, prevention and treatment of exacerbations, and better tools for disease monitoring. Acknowledgment : Participants: Chair John R. Hoidal, M.D. (Salt Lake City, UT); Session Chairs David M. Center, M.D. (Boston, MA), Donald J. Massaro, M.D. (Washington, DC), Robert M. Essays. Senior, M.D. Puns Titles. (St. Application. Louis, MO), Steven D. Shapiro, M.D. (St. Louis, MO), and Edwin K. Silverman, M.D. (Boston, MA); and Carol B. Digital Tomosynthesis. Basbaum, Ph.D. (San Francisco, CA), Linda B. Clerch, Ph.D. (Washington, DC), Thomas L. Croxton, Ph.D., M.D. (Bethesda, MD), Francis M. Cuss, M.D. College Essays. (Kenilworth, NJ), James Eberwine, Ph.D. (Philadelphia, PA), Dorothy B. Puns For Essay. Gail, Ph.D. (Bethesda, MD), Jack A. Good Essays. Elias, M.D. (New Haven, CT), Michael D. Goldman, M.D., Sc.D. (Los Angeles, CA), Douglas Hay, Ph.D. (King of Prussia, PA), Peter M. Puns For Essay Titles. Henson, Ph.D. (Denver, CO), Jonathan Jaffe, M.D. (Kenilworth, NJ), James P. Kiley, Ph.D. (Bethesda, MD), Talmadge E. College Application. King, M.D. Globalization Impact On Culture Essay. (San Francisco, CA), Barbara Knorr, M.D. (Rahway, NJ), Claude Lenfant, M.D. (Bethesda, MD), Gloria D. Massaro, M.D. (Washington, DC), George T. O'Connor, M.D. (Boston, MA), Marlene Rabinovitch, M.D. (Toronto, Canada), Sri Ram, Ph.D. (Bethesda, MD), Garth Rapaport, M.B.Bch., MRCP, FFPM (Greenford, Middlesex, UK), Anuradha Ray, Ph.D. (New Haven, CT), Stephen I. Rennard, M.D. (Omaha, NE), James R. Snapper, M.D. Good Application. (Research Triangle Park, NC), Rubin M. Radiation. Tuder, M.D. (Baltimore, MD), Norbert F. Voelkel, M.D. (Denver, CO), Gail G. Weinmann, M.D. Good College Application. (Bethesda, MD), Scott T. Weiss, M.D., M.S. (Boston, MA), Robert A. Wise, M.D. (Baltimore, MD), Theodore J. Globalization Impact On Culture Essay. Witek, Jr., Dr.P.H. (Ridgefield, CT). 1. Stang P, Lydick E, Silberman C, Kempel A, Keating ET. The prevalence of COPD: using smoking rates to good college application essays estimate disease frequency in the general population. Chest 2000;117:354S -359S. 2. Murphy SL. Deaths: Final data for 1998.

In: National vital statistics reports. Volume 48, no. 11. Tomosynthesis. Hyattsville, Maryland: National Center for Health Statistics; 2000. 3. Eriksson S. A 30-year perspective on alpha1-antitrypsin deficiency. Chest 1996;110:237S -242S. 4. Shapiro SD. Animal models for COPD. Chest 2000;117:223S -227S.

5. Di Stefano A, Capelli A, Lusuardi M, Balbo P, Vecchio C, Maestrelli P, Mapp CE, Fabbri LM, Donner CF, Saetta M. Severity of airflow limitation is associated with severity of essays airway inflammation in smokers. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 1998;158:1277 -1285. 6. Rutgers SR, Postma DS, ten Hacken NHT, Kauffman HF, van der Mark TW, Koeter GH, Timens W. Ongoing airway inflammation in patients with COPD who do not currently smoke. Thorax 2000;55:12 -18. 7. Puns. Jeffery PK. Good Application. Lymphocytes, chronic bronchitis and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. In: Chadwick D and assagioli a collection, Goode JA, editors. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: pathogenesis to treatment. Novartis Foundation symposium 234. New York: John Wiley Sons; 2001, p. 149 -161. 8. Good. Lung Health Study Research Group.

Effect of inhaled triamcinolone on globalization essay, the decline in pulmonary function in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Application Essays. N Engl J Med 2000;343:1902 -1909. 9. Vestbo J, Prescott E, Lange P. Association of chronic mucus hypersecretion with FEV1 decline and essay, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease morbidity. Copenhagen City Heart Study Group. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 1996;153:1530 -1535. 10. Sethi S. Bacterial infection and the pathogenesis of COPD. Chest 2000;117:286S -291S.

11. Tashkin DP, Altose MD, Connett JE, Kanner RE, Lee WW, Wise RA. Methacholine reactivity predicts changes in lung function over time in smokers with early chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Application Essays. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 1996;153:1802 -1811. 12. Balzano G, Stefanelli F, Iorio C, de Felice A, Melillo EM, Martucci M, Melillo G. Eosinophilic inflammation in stable chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Engineering Admissions. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 1999;160:1486 -1492. 13. Application. Pan Z-Z, Parkyn L, Ray A, Ray P. Inducible lung-specific expression of RANTES: preferential recruitment of assagioli psychosynthesis neutrophils.

Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2000;279:L658 -L666. 14. Good College Essays. Zheng T, Zhu Z, Wang Z, Homer RJ, Ma B, Riese RJ Jr, Chapman HA Jr, Shapiro SD, Elias JA. Inducible targeting of IL-13 to the adult lung causes matrix metalloproteinase- and cathepsin-dependent emphysema. J Clin Invest 2000;106:1081 -1093. 15. Scanlon PD, Connett JE, Waller LA, Altose MD, Bailey WC, Buist AS, Tashkin DP. Smoking cessation and lung function in mild-to-moderate chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2000;161:381 -390.

16. Hole DJ, Watt GCM, Davey-Smith G, Hart CL, Gillis CR, Hawthorne VM. Impaired lung function and mortality risk in men and women: findings from the Renfrew and Paisley prospective population study. Br Med J 1996;313:711 -715. 17.

Gelb AF, Hogg JC, Muller NL, Schein MJ, Kuei J, Tashkin DP, Epstein JD, Kollin J, Green RH, Zamel N, et al. Contribution of emphysema and small airways to COPD. Chest 1996;109:353 -359. 18. Fletcher C, Peto R, Tinker C, Speizer FE. The natural history of english help chronic bronchitis and emphysema: an eight-year study of early chronic obstructive lung disease in working men in London. Good Application Essays. New York: Oxford University Press; 1976. 19.

Sandford AJ, Chagani T, Weir TD, Connett JE, Anthonisen NR, Pare PD. Susceptibility genes for rapid decline of lung function in the Lung Health Study. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2001;163:469 -473. 20. English Essay Help. Nagai S, Hoshino Y, Hayashi M, Ito I. Good College Application. Smoking-related interstitial lung diseases. Curr Opin Pulm Med 2000;6:415 -419. 21. Chapman HA, Shi G-P. Protease injury in psychosynthesis a collection, the development of college essays COPD. Chest 2000;117:295S -298S.

22. Of. MacNee W. College Essays. Oxidant/antioxidants and COPD. Chest 2000;117:303S -317S. 23. Sargeant LA, Jaeckel A, Wareham NJ. Interaction of vitamin C with the relation between smoking and obstructive airways disease in EPIC Norfolk, European Prospective Investigation in Cancer and psychosynthesis, Nutrition.

Eur Respir J 2000;16:397 -403. 24. Retamales I, Elliot WM, Meshi B, Coxson HO, Pare PD, Sciurba FC, Rogers RM, Hayashi S, Hogg JC. Amplification of inflammation in emphysema and its association with latent adenoviral infection. College. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2001;164:469 -473. 25. English Introduction Help. Yamada K, Elliot WM, Hayashi S, Brattsand R, Roberts C, Vitalis TZ, Hogg JC.

Latent adenoviral infection modifies the steroid response in allergic lung inflammation. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2000;106:844 -851. 26. Good College Essays. Saetta M, Turato G, Facchini FM, Corbino L, Lucchini RE, Casoni G, Maestrelli P, Mapp CE, Ciaccia A, Fabbri LM. Inflammatory cells in the bronchial glands of smokers with chronic bronchitis. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 1997;157:1633 -1639. 27. Basbaum C, Lemjabbar H, Longphre M, Li D, Gensch E, McNamara N. Control of engineering college admissions essay mucin transcription by diverse injury-induced signaling pathways.

Am J Respir Crit Care Med 1999;160:S44 -S48. 28. Reid L. Good Application. Measurement of the bronchial mucous gland layer: a diagnostic yardstick in chronic bronchitis. Assagioli. Thorax 1960;15:132 -141. 29. Good College Application. Kasahara Y, Tuder RM, Cool CD, Lynch DA, Flores SC, Voelkel NF. Essay. Endothelial cell death and decreased expression of vascular endothelial growth factor and vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 in emphysema. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2001;163:737 -744. 30.

Aoshiba K, Yasui S, Nagai A. Apoptosis of alveolar macrophages by cigarette smoke. Chest 2000;117:320S. 31. College Application Essays. Fadok VA, Bratton DL, Rose DM, Pearson A, Ezekewitz RAB, Hen-son PM. A receptor for phosphatidylserine-specific clearance of apoptotic cells. Engineering. Nature 2000;405:85 -90. 32. Kasahara Y, Tuder RM, Taraseviciene-Stewart L, Le Cras TD, Abman S, Hirth PK, Waltenberger J, Voelkel NF. Inhibition of VEGF receptors causes lung cell apoptosis and emphysema. J Clin Invest 2000; 106:1311 -1319.

33. College. Zaidi SHE, You X-M, Ciura S, O'Blenes S, Husain M, Rabinovitch M. Suppressed smooth muscle proliferation and inflammatory cell invasion after arterial injury in elafin-overexpressing mice. J Clin Invest 2000;105:1687 -1695. 34. Massaro GD, Massaro D. Retinoic acid treatment abrogates elastase-induced pulmonary emphysema in rats. Nat Med 1997;3:675 -677. 35. Montuschi P, Collins JV, Ciabattoni G, Lazzeru N, Corradi M, Kharitonov SA, Barnes PJ. Exhaled 8-isoprostane as an in vivo biomarker of lung oxidative stress in patients with COPD and healthy smokers. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2000;162:1175 -1177.

36. Fiorini G, Crespi S, Rinaldi M, Oberti E, Vigorelli R, Palmieri G. Serum ECP and MPO are increased during exacerbations of chronic bronchitis with airway obstruction. Engineering College Admissions Essay. Biomed Pharmacother 2000;54:274 -278. 37. Good Essays. Keatings VM, Barnes PJ.

Granulocyte activation markers in induced sputum: comparison between chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, asthma, and normal subjects. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 1997;155:449 -453. 38. Viglio S, Iadarola P, Lupi A, Trisolini R, Tinelli C, Balbi B, Grassi V, Worlitzsch D, Doring G, Meloni F, et al. MEKC of desmosine and isodesmosine in urine of chronic destructive lung disease patients.

Eur Respir J 2000;15:1039 -1045. 39. Redline S, Tishler PV, Rosner B, Lewitter FI, Vandenburgh M, Weiss ST, Speizer FE. Genotypic and phenotypic similarities in pulmonary function among family members of adult monozygotic and dizygotic twins. Am J Epidemiol 1989;129:827 -836.

40. Givelber RJ, Couropmitree NN, Gottlieb DJ, Evans JC, Levy D, Myers RH, O'Connor GT. Segregation analysis of pulmonary function among families in the Framingham Study. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 1998;157:1445 -1451. 41. Silverman EK, Chapman HA, Drazen JM, Weiss ST, Rosner B, Campbell EJ, O'Donnell WJ, Reilly JJ, Ginns S, Mentzer S, et al. Genetic epidemiology of severe, early-onset chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Radiation Tomosynthesis. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 1998;157:1770 -1778. 42. Keatings VM, Cave SJ, Henry MJ, Morgan K, O'Connor CM, FitzGerald MX, Kalsheker N. College Application Essays. A polymorphism in the tumor necrosis factor-alpha gene promoter region may predispose to a poor prognosis in COPD.

Chest 2000;118:971 -975. 43. Globalization Impact Essay. Guo X, Lin H-M, Lin Z, Montano M, Sansores R, Wang G, DiAngelo S, Pardo A, Selman M, Floros J. Polymorphisms of surfactant protein gene A, B, D, and of SP-B-linked microsatellite markers in good college application, COPD of essay a Mexican population. Chest 2000;117:249S -250S. 44.

Silverman EK, Mosley JD, Chapman HA, Drazen JM, Speizer FE, Campbell EJ, Reilly JJ, Ginns LC, Weiss ST. Genome screen linkage analysis of severe, early-onset COPD. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2001;163:A909. 45. Saetta M, Baraldo S, Corbino L, Turato G, Braccioni F, Rea F, Cavallesco G, Tropeano G, Mapp CE, Maestrelli P, et al.

CD8+ve cells in the lungs of smokers with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 1999;160:711 -717. 46. Bosken CH, Hards J, Gatter K, Hogg JC. Characterization of the inflammatory reaction in the peripheral airways of cigarette smokers using immunocytochemistry. Am Rev Respir Dis 1992;145:911 -917. 47. Kuhn C III, Homer RJ, Zhu Z, Ward N, Flavell RA, Geba GP, Elias JA. Airway hyperresponsiveness and airway obstruction in good college, trans-genic mice: morphologic correlates in mice overexpressing interleukin (IL)-11 and IL-6 in the lung. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2000; 22:289 -295. 48.

Wang Z, Zheng T, Zhu Z, Homer RJ, Riese RJ, Chapman HA Jr, Shapiro SD, Elias JA. Interferon gamma induction of pulmonary emphysema in the adult murine lung. J Exp Med 2000;192:1587 -1599. 49. Nakano Y, Muro S, Sakai H, Hirai T, Chin K, Tsukino M, Nishimura K, Itoh H, Pare PD, Hogg JC, Mishima M. Computed tomographic measurements of airway dimensions and essay introduction, emphysema in smokers: correlation with lung function.

Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2000;162:1102 -1108. 50. de Lange EE, Mugler JP III, Brookeman JR, Knight-Scott J, Truwit JD, Teates CD, Daniel TM, Bogorad PL, Cates GD. Lung air spaces: MR imaging evaluation with hyperpolarized 3 He gas. Radiology 1999;210:851. 51. Good. Chen XJ, Hedlund LW, Moller HE, Chawla MS, Maronpot RR, Johnson GA. Detection of emphysema in rat lungs by using magnetic resonance measurements of 3 He diffusion.

Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 2000;97:11478 -11481. 52. Introduction. Jones HA, Shakur BH, Morrell NW. In vivo measurement of inflammatory cell activity in college application essays, the lungs of patients with COPD. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2001;163:A436. 53.

Betsuyaku T, Griffin GL, Watson MA, Senior RM. Laser capture micro-dissection and real-time reverse transcriptase/polymerase chain reaction of bronchiolar epithelium after bleomycin. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2001;25:278 -284. 54. Ginsberg SD, Hemby SE, Lee VM, Eberwine JH, Trojanowski JQ. Expression profile of transcripts in english, Alzheimer's disease tangle-bearing CA1 neurons. Ann Neurol 2000;48:77 -87. 55. Zhang H-T, Kacharmina JA, Miyashiro K, Greene MI, Eberwine J. Protein quantification from complex protein mixtures using a proteomics methodology with single-cell resolution.

Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 2001;98:497 -502. ( Received in good application essays, original form August 8, 2001; accepted in final form November 26, 2001 ) Sponsored by the Division of Lung Diseases, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute on March 5-6, 2001 in Bethesda, Maryland.

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ANALYSIS OF ASPIRIN BY BACK TITRATION. Extracts from application essays, this document. ANALYSIS OF ASPIRIN BY BACK TITRATION HNC APPLIED SCIENCE ANGELA COFRE 14 DECEMBER 2006 Analysis of Aspirin by Back Titration SUMMARY The purpose of the experiment was to determine the amount of aspirin in a tablet and to compare this with the amount specified on the label. The amount of aspirin calculated from the results obtained from titrimetric analysis to be 317 mg. The stated dose of the assagioli psychosynthesis a collection of tablets on the manufactures label was 300 mg KEY WORDS Aspirin Back Titration Manufactures Labelling AIMS AND OBJECTIVES Objectives The objectives of this experiment are to determine the amount aspirin in a tablet and to compare this with the amount specified on the label. This was carried out using back titration. Aims The aims of the experiment were as follows: * Calculate the number of moles of HCL used in the reaction. * To determine the amount aspirin in an aspirin tablet and compare it with the amount specified on the label. * Calculate the number of moles of NaOH taken for application essays hydrolysis. * Calculate the number of moles of NaOH used in hydrolysis. * Calculate the number of engineering essay, moles of aspirin. INTRODUCTION Aspirin is an college essays, acid and can be determined analytically by the method of back titration. . read more. The hydrochloric acid (0. l mol/dm3) was placed into globalization impact on culture a burette and the two samples were titrated until they became a pale yellow The level on the burette was noted at the start and at the end of the titration RESULTS First Titration Second Titration Start Burette Reading 0 14 Final Burette Reading 13.6 24.4 cm3 of HCI used 13.6 cm3 13.4 cm3 CALCULATIONS Volume of hydrochloric acid 3.6 cm3 + 13.4 cm3 = 27 cm3 Moles HCI = concentration X volume (dm3) 0.1 X 27 cm3 = 0.0027 Moles of HCL 1000 HCl + NaOH NaCl + H2O 1 of mole of good college essays, excess Na OH is equal to 1 of mole of HCL So the moles of excess Na OH = 0.0027 Number of moles of management, Na OH in the original 60cm3 of 0.1 mol/dm3 solution. 0.1 X 60 cm3 = 0.006 Moles of Na OH 1000 Number of Moles of Na OH used in reaction with aspirin = original - excess 0.006 - 0.0027 = 0.0033 moles == 1 mole aspirin == 2 moles NaOH 0.00165 == 0.006 Moles Mass aspirin = moles x formula mass of aspirin = 0.00165 X 180 = 297 mg DISCUSSION In this experiment an good college, aspirin tablet was reacted with a known excess amount of sodium hydroxide. . read more. would produce the most accurate and precise results.

CONCLUSION The results obtained from titrimetric analysis of aspirin show that the tablet contains 297 mg of scatter digital tomosynthesis, aspirin. The manufactures label that shows the good college essays tablet to english essay, contain 300mg of aspirin. 1 of mole of excess Na OH is college application equal to 1 of mole of HCL The ratio of sodium hydroxide to hydrochloric acid is 1:1; therefore, the paper molarity of diluted and stock sodium hydroxide solutions can be calculated by good application, working out the number of moles of hydrochloric acid used. Management Paper? The number of moles of sodium hydroxide used in good college application the reaction can be calculated by subtracting the number of moles of sodium hydroxide taken for the reaction by the number of moles of sodium hydroxide remaining after reaction Accuracy and precision of the college admissions measurements taken in the experiment can influence the data obtained. Experimental error in the results may have been due to college application essays, the use of inaccurate glassware, calibration of measuring equipment which all a have % error.

Measurements that will influence the calculations made from the data obtained, glassware not properly rinsed and dried before use, dirt and air on the analytical balance, or the acetyl salicylic acid not fully hydrolysed. ?? ?? ?? ?? Angela Cofre Page 1 20/06/2007 . read more. This student written piece of work is one of many that can be found in term our GCSE Aqueous Chemistry section. Start learning 29% faster today 150,000+ documents available Just £6.99 a month. Here's what a teacher thought of good college, this essay. Overall this is titles a four star piece of work. It has an college essays, excellent introduction and plan but they could be in a better order to make it easier to operations management, understand as back titration can be hard to application essays, explain. Good set of puns titles, results but there was an essays, error in the first calculation which got carried over. Management Term Paper? Otherwise it is a good piece of essays, work which shows all steps of the calculations clearly.

Good analysis of results and english introduction, suggestions for error given. Improvements would be to good application essays, include a prediction and some more safety precautions. Scatter Radiation Digital? Good understanding overall. Marked by teacher Patricia McHugh 08/04/2013. Join over 1.2 million students every month Accelerate your learning by 29% Unlimited access from just £6.99 per good application essays month.

Related GCSE Aqueous Chemistry essays. To determine the amount of introduction, ammonia in a sample of household cleaning product, 'cloudy . 0.0 6.3 14.2 Final Reading (ml) 7.9 14.2 22.2 Volume (ml) 7.9 7.9 8.0 Average Volume of HCl Titrated: 7.93ml Calculations: The equation: HCl (aq) + NH4OH (aq) NH4Cl (aq) + H2O (l) 1. n(HCl) reacted = 0.116 0.00793 = 9.22510^-04 moles 2. From the equation, the ratio of n(HCl) Indigestion Tablets Investigation. Prior to conducting this investigation I went into a Boots Pharmacy and found that the tablets contain the following active ingredients Calcium Carbonate (PhEur 200mg) Magnesium Carbonate (PhEur 200mg) Magnesium Trisilicate (PhEur 60mg) Sodium Bicarbonate (PhEur 60mg) Investigating the good effects of varying pH levels on the germination of cress seeds. * After 24 hours, I will weigh each sample and record the results. I will also take note of any physical changes that have occurred. * I will add a further 10cm? of each solution to the corresponding sample Petri dish.

Preparation and standardisation of HCL amp;amp; NaOH solutions. Average Molarity of the unknown solution was .041 M. Engineering College Admissions Essay? Supplementary Questions- 1. College Essays? Using the exact mass of NaOH measured and recorded at the beginning of the essay introduction experiment, calculate the molarity 250 mL NaOH solution. How does this compare to the NaOH concentration you calculated using the data in part 4? Determine Solubility of KClO3 Salt. Coffee powder and sugar is college application essays another common examples of english essay introduction, solubility in our day life. When having a cup of coffee, for old folks, they prefer coffee that is more saturated or sometimes supersaturated, they will dissolve lesser sugar with more coffee powder into a single cup. To investigate the essays effect of concentration on the temperature rise, heat evolved and operations term paper, heat . - Tb Initial temperature - T1 T1 = Ta + Tb / 2 Final temperature - T2 Rise in college temperature or Temperature change = T2 - T1 Concentration of both acid and alkali (M) Initial Temperature (?C) Final Temperature (?C) Determining the equilibrium constant for globalization impact the hydrolysis of Ethyl Ethanoate Definition. General formula of an ester.

Ester + Water Acid + Alcohol (reversible) EXPERIMENT DETAILS For full experimental details and for the table of results please refer to handout and attached sheet. EVALUATION Ester + Water Acid + Alcohol Initial a b - - Eqm a-x b-x x x Kc = x2 ' (a-x) The aim of this experiment is to answer the following question: What is the . must be careful when adding it to the test tube in the reaction, to prevent overfilling and spillages. The Sodium Hydroxide I am using is also corrosive, so when pouring into beakers and the burette, I will use a funnel and wear safety glasses. of student written work Annotated by. experienced teachers Ideas and feedback to. improve your own work. College? Marked by Teachers, The Student Room and Get Revising are all trading names of The Student Room Group Ltd. TurnItIn the scatter tomosynthesis anti-plagiarism experts are also used by: This essay has been marked by a teacher! Sign up to view the college application essays whole essay and scatter radiation, download a PDF with full teacher's notes. Start learning 29% faster today 150,000+ documents available Just £6.99 a month.

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Does Your Homework Help You Learn? Questions about issues in the news for good college essays students 13 and older. New research suggests that a lot of assigned homework amounts to engineering college essay, pointless busy work that doesn’t help students learn, while more thoughtful assignments can help them develop skills and acquire knowledge. How would you characterize the homework you get? In the Sunday Review article “The Trouble With Homework,” Annie Murphy Paul reviews the research on homework: The quantity of students’ homework is a lot less important than its quality. And evidence suggests that as of now, homework isn’t making the grade. Although surveys show that the amount of time our children spend on homework has risen over the last three decades, American students are mired in application essays, the middle of international academic rankings: 17th in reading, 23rd in science and 31st in essay help, math, according to results from the Program for International Student Assessment released last December.

In a 2008 survey, one-third of parents polled rated the quality of their children’s homework assignments as fair or poor, and 4 in 10 said they believed that some or a great deal of good application, homework was busywork. A new study, coming in the Economics of Education Review, reports that homework in science, English and history has “little to no impact” on student test scores. Puns! (The authors did note a positive effect for college application math homework.) Enriching children’s classroom learning requires making homework not shorter or longer, but smarter. She goes on to enumerate some of the aspects of effective independent assignments, like “retrieval practice,” which basically means doing practice tests to scatter radiation digital, reinforce learning and commit it to memory, and college essays, “interleaving,” in which problems are not grouped into sets by type, but rather scattered throughout an assignment, which makes the brain work harder to grasp the material. Students: Tell us how effective you think your homework is. Management! What kinds of good, assignments seem pointless? Which ones are confusing or frustrating? Which ones are most engaging and interesting? Which ones are you fairly sure help you learn and grow? Students 13 and older are invited to comment below.

Please use only your first name. For privacy policy reasons, we will not publish student comments that include a last name. Comments are no longer being accepted. “I see homework as a big part that helps me learn and grow” that’s what I always said up till I was moved to essay, a different math class. My old math teacher made math easy and fun as well as understandable. But when I was moved I got confused easily, I found it boring, and I even found paying attention hard. Then there’s my English class.

I love English with all my heart but my teacher makes me feel like I’m in Preschool! She has hand signs for every rule and if we don’t do them we get more homework! She always puts us into groups and so far every group I’ve been placed in I can’t get along in. One group wouldn’t let me talk and good college, when I gave my opion they scolded me and said I was wrong though it was an opion lesson… Another group was lazy and since I ran out of my medicine that helps me focus, I was lost and told them I need their help to help me keep up with what’s going on yet they let me drag along! History was never my strong point from the start even though my dad is a History teacher. But when I got into a certain class I couldn’t stand it!

I was miles behind in homework and around every corner was either homework or projects! I asked for help and english essay introduction help, I got yelled at! I’m sorry but sometimes homework feels like slave work since I don’t get anything out of good grades except a smile and/or a pat on the back and that’s it. Yes homework can be good for you but there is a limit of how much a student can handle before they collaspe underneath all of that work! But I love it when teachers make homework fun or competive (which we normally do now and days)! Cause that’s when I’m having a blast! But when teachers get too interactive with their class I can’t help but feel creeped out by them. (Cough, Cough, English teacher, Cough, Cough) I do love school but right now…its like they don’t want us going out and enjoying life… Back at my old school I was drowning in homework! I just couldn’t get the chance to sit back and be young! It was just too much!

In every class I had homework! Study this, learn that, solve this, and every where in between! The bullying was no help either since they stole or destroyed my homework so I failing till I switched schools! My suggestion to college, all you kids who don’t like homework….DON’T GO TO [name of english introduction, school removed]. Especially if you’re like me and are considered one of the special kids since the good application essays, teachers don’t flex to your needs!

At my school , we all think that homework helps people learn in so many different ways. You do your homework to get better grades on scatter radiation digital tomosynthesis, test scores because some of the college essays, homework you get will have some stuff that can be on test. Another reason is that homework can get you better grades if you just hand it in. Engineering! You can learn from homework. Application Essays! In my opinion.For example, I had to engineering essay, take notes in algebra yesterday for application homework and only took 10 minutes it really help a lot the next day because we had a little mini quiz on operations management, it ! Doing my homework every night helps me learn because it helps me remember the good, lesson gone over in class that day. It also makes it easier to follow the next lesson, which is usually an extension from the lesson the day before. Homework helps me learn because it’s a review of what we learned in class. Sometimes they give too much work though. I feel like it all depends on assagioli psychosynthesis a collection, if you understand the work. College Application! If a teacher taught you a new topic in impact on culture essay, class and you didn’t understand it, I dont think you would understand it if you did it again.

If you understood it, It would help you because you are repeating the application essays, problems. I don’t think homework helps you learn, I think it helps you remember what you learned. Homework is more of a review of globalization impact essay, what you did in school during the day, rather than a new subject to essays, learn on digital, a whole. I personally am not a big fan of homework though, I think that some teachers don’t really realize that we have several other classes which also give us homework, and we sometimes end up with a large amount by the end of the day. But I’m sure that my procrastination has a lot to college application essays, do with it as well. Homework definitely helps me learn. By the for essay, time i get home from good college application essays school some subjects become unfamiliar and homework help reinforce what i learned in term, class. Better students do their homework and good application, teachers recognize that frequently. Repetition of your homework also helps memorize which you could benefit from on tests and psychosynthesis a collection, other classwork activities. Depending on the subject or the assigment, homework can either be redundant or effective. Assignments which make you copy straight out of college application, a textbook are redundant.

These assignments are redundant because students hardly put all that much effort into it. By copying a textbook, people aren’t focused on the material, because they are just focusing on getting the operations term paper, assigment done. Straight copying is seen as boring or even in some cases ‘annoying’ by students, which translates into them not learning what they need to college, learn. Radiation! Assigments where students are interactive and aren’t just being taught the textbook are interesting and good college application essays, that’s when students learn the essay introduction help, most. Writing samples when students are asked for their opinion and to college application essays, have their voice heard are deemed the digital, most interesting. Thus, being because students then have the ability to essays, share what they’ve learned in their own words and also get to globalization, apply their knowledge in good application, their own voice. On the other hand, when homework is done effectively, the end product will be better grades. If a student neglects to do homework, whether interesting or boring, it will show in their grades. Students who do apply their strongest efforts into their homework will ultimately contribute to better grades. I think that homework is pointless when the teachers give us homework that is for fun and we have to waist our time doing little projects when we can be doing other more important things like studying.

I think that most homework is important I just don’t like it when teachers give too much and it becomes over whelming and globalization impact on culture, I can’t have time to study because it would be too late and then I wouldn’t be able to sleep. If anything I think teachers should give us homework but give us one big homework a week and we work on it for the whole week which it would be due on Friday and then get a test grade for good application it since it was a big homework. If teachers wouldn’t do that I would love if teachers would give us only essay help, three days of good college essays, homework a week and Fridays we would get a test. Homework is assigned so that students can practice what they have learned in school and see if they can remember what happened in class. Personally, the homework that has been assigned to me lately has been nothing but busy work that I feel is globalization essay, pointless.

The truth is most of the modern day students don’t see the value in doing homework but the discipline and the practice for the real world really are fundamental. The most confusing type of essays, homework assignments that we have come with little to globalization impact on culture, no instructions. When teachers give assignments on things that they haven’t covered yet seems pointless to me since it really isn’t evaluating anything at all. Another type of pointless homework would be the ones in which there is so much repetition that it becomes pointless. Application Essays! In my personal life ive been faced with all types of operations management, homework.

I believe homework is fundamental to the development of the good college, mind and I will keep doing my homework. I go to an American school in Bogota, Colombia. Recently in my school I have been getting exaggerated amounts of homework, and most of it has no impact on my learning. I say this because the homework I am assigned is just “busywork” and keeps me up until late hours in the night. The homework I am given is for essay, also extremely long and not smart, it is just a very basic review of what we did in class that day.

Homework like that is a waste of time since if the student is essays, good and pays attention in class he should know all of the material and shouldn’t be forced to demonstrate it through homework. Assagioli A Collection Of! I believe that what should be improved in not the quantity but the quality of the homework we are assigned. I am not saying homework should be abolished but I am saying it should be changed. If a student is overwhelmed with homework his academic development would also be affected. For example if a student has allot of homework he will probably stay up at night doing it. Maybe he will finish his homework around 10 or 11 in the night. The next day he will have to wake up very early and will only get about 5-6 hours of sleep. In order for the teenage brain to develop correctly a kid needs 8 hours of sleep. So. excessive amount of homework leads to a very tired, unmotivated and college essays, less active student. In my school I think the only homework assignments that help me learn are the math ones. Each subject is globalization on culture essay, different and each grade in school requires a different amount of practice.

For example, Math is a subject that I believe needs out-of-classroom practice no matter what grade you are in, or what topic you are covering. It is one of the most essential aptitudes one must acquire in good college application, order to be successful in life. Language, whether it be english, spanish, or etc, is also a subject that is vital for an accomplished life. I believe that one must practice in on culture essay, order to become and eloquent speaker and good, writer, but i only think that a small amount of for essay, homework should be given, especially once one reaches the good college essays, ends of puns for essay, high school. Good College Essays! A subject that I feel doesn’t need practice outside of school is essay introduction help, history. For me, history is college application, more like a gossip story with dates that “should” be remembered than anything else; therefore, I don’t believe that homework would be necessary to enforce a subject like that.

The idea of puns for essay titles, having to work all night, studying for a billion exams the next day, getting the college applications going, and practicing a sport isn’t something strange for the average senior at CNG. It seems as if the need to excel at everything might just be the college application essays, COD of many high school students. Essay! As college admissions become more competitive, as more and more people take AP exams and admissions tests there is a greater weight on our shoulders. Good College Application! But is it really worth it? I mean, even if everything goes the way we want it to, was it really worth all our time and energy? There are just better things to do with my life. I would prefer to go deeper into the sciences, write of some philosophical tendency I’m being carried into, do more social work, etc. But I need to college admissions essay, commit to an organized agenda, learn the good college, Standards I’m supposed to be learning and show my progress through time.

These are fancy ways of creating a level playing field so students can be compared. Scatter Radiation Digital Tomosynthesis! Is this really what learning has become? Practice makes perfect some might say. There is no arguing about that. Good! Success in those specific tasks, such as doing homework or working on a particular project that requires zero creativity clearly needs those levels of repetitive practice and great memory. But are we supposed to english essay introduction help, do this the good college, rest of for essay, our lives?

I don’t think so. Harris Cooper, a professor from essays Duke University dedicated to engineering college, homework research states that “even for high school students, overloading them with homework is not associated with higher grades” (Cooper). I’m sorry, so isn’t homework even doing what its supposed to be doing? The counter-productivity of too much homework, especially in such a critical moment as in college application season, makes the whole educational system lose credibility. Are we being trained to do something we aren’t going to really do or even need in application, the future? What is the puns, real purpose of good application, doing homework when we aren’t truly learning from it? Don’t get me wrong.

I do believe homework is critical in developing certain skills. How were we supposed to learn basic arithmetic operations without those tons of worksheets and problem sets? Yes, homework is a useful tool but only operations paper, when used consciously. College! Statistical evidence seems to agree with this: “teachers in many of the nations that outperform the U.S. on student achievement tests–such as Japan, Denmark and the Czech Republic–tend to assign less homework than American teachers, but instructors in low-scoring countries like Greece, Thailand and Iran tend to english essay introduction help, pile it on” (Wallis). The need to assign homework, to good college application, put a million grades in assagioli, is too antiquated in my opinion. What’s the problem with guiding classes to a true educational experience and leave behind the limitations of grading, of classifying students, of good college application, making them lose all interest, worse yet lose passion for management term learning and generate hatred towards certain areas of knowledge while capturing valuable time that is good application essays, needed to explore others? It depends on what type of homework and the time that it takes to finish it.

The homework that I get from English, history, science, and math benefit me and my grades a lot. From my three band classes, and P.E. class, I usually do busy work. I love how the school is run… I learn a lot from the class just itself, and from school assemblies, etc. First, I have to learn before I get my grades… meaning, I don’t care what my grades are like until I actually know and understand the college admissions, material and knowledge that I learned at school. Good Application! What we learn from puns for essay school and from homework are is different. We learn more at school and then apply what we learned in our homework. So most of the good application, time we don’t learn anything that much from homework. Homework assignments should be provided, but once a month. It allows children to management paper, have freedom, and college application essays, actually feel like life is not all about study and going to operations term paper, a prestigious university. Homework wastes our time, and in recent articles they say that school’s are killing creativity, and now there is an uproar about homework not providing learning material.

What homework should be is good, a subjet, say history, and children can choose one that interests them, and they could research it for puns for essay titles a month. And after the month is up children can present in class, so that means the child knows thoroughly about their topic and can explain well to their friends, and also they will have an opportunity to listen to good application essays, other peoples’ research. I wish we didn’t have homework, because the learning network is providing us with a great amount of resources that homework, in a year, can’t accomplish. 40 hours per admissions essay, week, 8 hours a day, is the legal limit of hours an adult can work in California without being payed overtime. An employee must be payed 150% their usual salary for good every hour they work past 8 hours a day. Tomosynthesis! I spend between 34 and 39 hours per good college application, week at impact on culture, school, not counting homework (aprox. 10-15 hours per week). My suggestion is that any work assigned to good, students requiring them to spend more than 40 hours a week on english, academics be graded with a bonus of 50% the student’s grade. This would encourage students to good college application, do well in order to have a higher bonus, and would discourage teachers from globalization essay assigning so much work (since we all how much giving out bonus points pains them!) As for the questions: I think that homework is effective as long as it will help improve a student’s understanding and execution of course material.

As a general rule, I don’t think it’s very useful to be assigned more than one assignment in college application essays, each category of homework to assagioli psychosynthesis of, a class (1 chapter to read, 1 exercise, 1 essay). 5 math exercises is 5 too many if I understand the lesson, and 4 too many if it is the good college essays, teacher’s goal to find out whether or not I do. As a student, I have a limited amount of time and love to divide up into my work. I find work that leaves the thinking up to the student to be the engineering, most engaging and good application, helpful to my understanding: the fewer details on how I should do the engineering college admissions, assignment, the good, more I work to make it reflect my understanding of the college, topic. It is interesting to write your homework in application, your free time at home.

Homework and assignments are important for innovation and elaboration. Take your time in for essay titles, doing your homework because this will help you understand the lesson more. i think this is the best amendment ever. Sense at my school , school just started we do not have that much homework. Good College Application! But I’ve hear a lot of people say that towards the middle of the year is when everyone’s backpack’s become really heavy. Teacher’s start giving more than one homework assignment per management, class.

So I think that homework does not help you learn because you do work at school why do you need to do it again at home? I think teacher’s do that because they want to figure out if you are capable to do the good college application essays, same thing at for essay, home and also because they just want us to have some type of work to application, do at home. Once again I do no think that homework helps you learn. I personally don’t think homework helps a student learn. I feel if you don’t get what the teacher teaches in psychosynthesis a collection, class then I personally don’t get the homework at all. If I don’t get the subject then I personally to the homework wrong and I’m sure that other people do it wrong too. My teachers all say that they don’t give so much homework and they really don’t, but since they all give about 20-30 minutes of good college, homework each subject, it piles up.I think that homework is effective as long as it will help improve a student’s understanding and execution of course material. I personally don’t think that homework always helps, but it does. I think that homework is english introduction, useful sometimes, but not always. Most of the time, it is just the college application, same thing we did in class, and if we didn’t get it then we still won’t get it at home, primarily because our parents have no clue about how to do it either. i think that homework should not in management paper, are school systems because homework is just practice and i know that practice makes perfect but when you got 5 subjects it add to a lot.

I also i believe that all homework (practice) is just studying and unless we have i don’t want to take the time for nothing but another school day. 1) What kinds of assignments seem pointless? I don’t believe that any assignments are pointless, because teachers always have a reason for giving homework. However, teachers often give homework where the effort on the part of the student outweighs the teacher’s goal. In addition, many homework assignments do not effectively reach their goal. 2) Which ones are confusing or frustrating? Assignments are usually not confusing, although sometimes, when given very easy assignments, I do not understand what the point is (which does not mean that the assignments are pointless — the point is simply mysterious to me). I get most frustrated by homework when I receive virtually identical assignments at regular intervals, but never get feedback from the teacher. College! When this happens, I cannot improve because I don’t know what I’m doing wrong. Introduction! For example, our French teacher has given us this assignment three times this year: Comment on a predetermined stanza of a Baudelaire poem. Good Application! The first two stanzas earned me 17 (out of puns for essay titles, 20) with no corrections other than grammatical mistakes.

For the third assignment, I have written a very similar analysis and I expect to get a very similar grade. If there are 20 possible points and I didn’t get all of them, why did the teacher not provide any comments? 3) Which ones are most engaging and interesting? Honestly, although I understand the value of homework, I do not enjoy doing it (unless it involves creativity, but with no art, music or creative writing classes in high school, this is extremely rare). Which ones are you fairly sure help you learn and grow? I believe all homework helps me learn and grow — the question is whether the amount of growth induced by college application the homework is worth the effort involved. Yes, some homework are important. Like learning rhetoric at for essay titles, home to good, be able to impact essay, talk about good college essays, it in admissions, class. Doing a math problem to make sure the lesson is understood. But is good college essays, doing ten exercises on a lesson we did not fully go over assagioli a collection of because the teacher did not manage to end the lesson on application, time and introduction help, now needs us to college, try to figure it out on our own useful? Is doing forty little problems with the same math equation over globalization essay and over again necessary?

I believe it is not. College Application Essays! I believe some teachers are using a lot of puns for essay titles, useless homework because they must think in some way that it will be beneficent one day or another. They are often wrong. Good College Application! Unless a whole class of twenty students decided they want to be physician, i do not understand why learning what is the scatter radiation digital tomosynthesis, kind of relation between the Earth and the Moon, over good college essays a dozen of assagioli psychosynthesis a collection of, exercises, is in anyway useful. Also, a teacher might think they are doing the right thing, making us practice something that is already learned in class, by college application giving its students five exercises. Sure, it is not a bad idea. Assagioli Psychosynthesis A Collection Of! But since all the teachers, or most of them, are looking to college, do the right thing, five teachers that wants you to psychosynthesis a collection, practice with some homework exercises, becomes twenty-five exercises for the students. Over something they either understood, or not understood. In any case it’s frustrating. If you understand what it is about then you are just wasting your time doing those exercises.

If you did not understand it, you are going to good, spend ten minutes on each question, usually ending by guessing wrong, when all it could have taken was another clear explanation from the teacher. Impact On Culture Essay! So yes, homework can be useful, and it often is, but not always. Sign up for our free newsletter. Get the latest lesson plans, contests and resources for teaching with The Times.

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