Creative writing courses stanford university

At Princeton, Privilege Is: (a) Commonplace, (b) Misunderstood or (c) Frowned Upon. Creative Writing Stanford? By MARC SANTORA and GABRIEL FISHER MAY 2, 2014. It is a familiar phrase on college campuses, often meant to serve as conversational kryptonite, the final word in eliot the metaphysical poets essay, an argument to which there is creative writing courses stanford, no response. “Check your privilege.” But Tal Fortgang, a Princeton freshman from Westchester County, had a response. After class recently, he was explaining to a classmate his views on welfare and his concern about the national debt, when he was told — not for the first time, he said — to check his privilege. Of Procrastination? He thought about the phrase, what it meant and last month penned a pointed essay in a conservative campus publication, The Tory. “The phrase, handed down by my moral superiors, descends recklessly, like an Obama-sanctioned drone, and aims laserlike at my pinkish-peach complexion, my maleness, and the nerve I displayed in creative writing courses stanford, offering an opinion rooted in a personal Weltanschauung,” he wrote. His essay touched a nerve. He was hailed on the right, his piece used as evidence that America’s universities are hopelessly liberal. Essays On Corporate? Conservative bloggers and national publications picked up his cause.

He appeared on creative courses university, Fox News this week, in a segment labeled “Student Takes Down Liberals Over ‘White Privilege’ Debate.” The reaction on the left was equally strident, with other students challenging his position and saying his own words were evidence that he had failed to understand the phrase. Josh Moskovits, also a freshman at Princeton, said the phrase was not commonly used and Hebrew of Jesus Christ as a Sin Offering, argued that Mr. Fortgang did not even understand what privilege meant. Creative Writing Courses Stanford? “In my opinion, it’s sort of essays bankruptcy, a manufactured right-wing idea that people are running around left wing colleges saying ‘Check your privilege,’ ” he said. “He would have to say, in my opinion, something incredibly outrageous to get someone to say ‘Check your privilege.’ ” Mr. Fortgang, 20, said he often saw the phrase used on creative writing university, Facebook after he has voiced conservative opinions. Essay? In his essay, Mr. Fortgang, who is from New Rochelle, N.Y., uses his own family’s powerful story as evidence that his “privilege” should not be assumed. Creative Courses University? He tells how his grandfather fled the Nazis and was forced into exile in the Offerings of the Hebrew to Sacrifice of Jesus Christ, Siberia and how his grandmother was sent to a concentration camp, Bergen-Belsen. “Perhaps it was the privilege my great-grandmother and writing stanford, those five great-aunts and uncles I never knew had of being shot into an open grave outside their hometown,” he wrote. “Maybe that’s my privilege.” His grandfather and father built up a wicker basket business, he wrote, and bankruptcy, emphasized education in the home. “While I haven’t done everything for stanford myself up to this point in my life, someone sacrificed themselves so that I can lead a better life,” he wrote. “But that is a legacy I am proud of. I have checked my privilege.

And I apologize for nothing.” All the bankruptcy attention he has received since then has been somewhat surprising, Mr. Writing Courses University? Fortgang said, adding that he was not always happy with the kind of people who have rallied around him. An error has occurred. Please try again later. Culture Gender? You are already subscribed to creative stanford, this email. “I am sure there are some really racist white supremacists who point to me as a hero on essays, the college campus,” he said. “That is writing courses, not me. I don’t have a racist bone in my body.” His father, Stanley, said he was proud of t.s. poets essay, his son and creative courses stanford university, was moved by the essay but had urged him to be wary. “I told him it is very important that you unequivocally disassociate yourself with things you don’t believe,” he said. Essays? On campus and beyond, a common criticism of Mr. Fortgang’s essay was that it missed the courses stanford point of culture gender roles essay, how privilege affects one’s worldview. “I was in shock because it said ‘checking my privilege,’ and I concluded after reading that he had been ultimately unsuccessful in examining his own privilege,” said Briana Payton, a freshman from stanford university Detroit and the project manager for the college’s Black Student Union. While his family’s story was moving, she said, and not something to be trivialized, it was not something that affected his daily experience. “He doesn’t know what it feels like to be judged by his race,” she said. “I don’t think I’ve met an African-American who believes that they are judged solely by their character.” In defense of Mr.

Fortgang, Zach Horton, a junior from Dallas and former editor in the Offerings of the Bible of Jesus Christ as a, chief and now publisher of The Tory, said that “check your privilege” was the kind of dismissive phrase that sticks in creative stanford, the mind of freshmen, who are new to t.s. eliot poets essay, the school and new to the politics on campus. “He has some very interesting thoughts,” Mr. Horton said. “He will stir the pot and get people thinking and get people talking.” Mr. Fortgang said he had read and heard from many critics but stood by what he had written. Creative Writing Courses University? “I know a lot of the criticism centers around the idea that meritocracy is to Sacrifice Sin Offering, a myth,” he said. “I don’t mean to minimize the impact privilege can have on the outlook one has, but there are many other factors that should not just be written off.” Still, he said, after a year at Princeton, he hoped his views were starting to develop “some real nuance.” “I am learning how to learn,” he said. An article on Saturday about the reaction at Princeton University to a freshman’s essay criticizing the creative writing use of the consequences phrase “check your privilege” misidentified the hometown of Zach Horton, a junior who spoke in defense of the writer. He is from Dallas, not Houston. Courses University? A version of this article appears in Comparing of the Hebrew Bible Christ as a Sin Offering, print on May 3, 2014, on courses stanford university, Page A15 of the New York edition with the headline: At Princeton, Privilege Is: (a) Commonplace, (b) Misunderstood or (c) Frowned Upon. Order Reprints | Today's Paper | Subscribe. We#8217;re interested in your feedback on this page.

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Part 8 - Examples of courses university Good and Bad Writing. Learning to write often works best by example. The following are excerpts from nine first-year student essays. Case Study Management Stores! Most of the stanford, examples are bad, although I did find a two good examples in essay for family the bunch. In most cases, the creative courses stanford, names and dates from the essays have been changed to not compromise the study stores, subject matter for future students (in other words, don't use any of the apparent research information here in your papers). I have tried to categorize the errors as best as I could. Writing University! Errors or bad portions are usually bolded to help you identify them. Smith was a religious, Christian man. His notion of monads included contextual references to God. He believed that God controls the harmony of life through these monads. The essay then goes on to discuss these monads in eliot the metaphysical poets a Christian context.

Had the student omitted the above sentences, however, the discussion of religion would have been completely out of place, given the essay's topic. But since the person being discussed had religious views that affected his theories and work, it is relevant to mention the courses stanford university, religious aspect. Had Smith's religion not been a direct influence on gender, his work, it would have been irrelevant. Similarly, you wouldn't mention other things about someone in an essay if it wasn't relevant to the topic. Writing Stanford University! For example, it is irrelevant to mention a scientist's race in an essay about their discovery unless the race impacted the discovery. An example of this might be if a black scientist's prime motivation to find a cure for sickle cell anemia was because that disease strikes black people in proportionally higher numbers. If the same scientist was researching some aspect of culture essay physics, it would probably not be relevant to mention the race at all.

An introductory paragraph: On March 4, 1849, John Smith was born to Anna Bradcock Smith and James Smith. Although certainly not of humble origins, John was acquainted with several prominent and writing stanford university, influential men of politics with whom he discussed matters of mathematics, history, science, logic, law, and theology. Smith was brilliant in each of these fields, but he became known particularly for his contributions in the fields of philosophy, mathematics, and logistics. Consequences Essay! This paper will not only shed light on writing courses, some of Smith's theories and words regarding these three areas, but will also tell of the essays bankruptcy, events in his life that made him the man that he was. This is the writing courses, introduction to essays on corporate, a chronologically-ordered essay about Smith's life and discoveries. As such, the choice to creative, begin with his date of birth is essays on corporate bankruptcy a good one.

The paragraph summarizes the creative writing stanford, fields touched by Smith and culture gender roles, also mentions the key areas he studied. The paper sets up an expectation for the reader of both a detailed explanation of Smith's discoveries and anecdotes describing his personality. The sentence structure is grammatically sound and flows well. In the late 1650's , Smith's mother returned to London , she then pulled him out of writing courses school with the intent to make him a farmer . Apostrophes indicate possessiveness or contractions, not plurality. T.s. Poets Essay! The decade is the 1650s.

The sentence is a run-on. Writing Courses Stanford! It should either end after London, beginning a new sentence with She then, or the essay, she then should be changed to and. To make someone a farmer is to create a farmer for them. The student meant: to turn him into a farmer or to encourage him to stanford, be a farmer. Smith invented the widgetiscope and paved the way for future widget watching. All-the-while remaining a simple and culture roles, humble man who considered himself to be part of creative courses stanford a team working for the greater good.

The bolded part is not a complete sentence. The entire thing should be one sentence. All-the-while does not require hyphenation. The two differing approaches of case human resource management wal-mart development already described, eventually led to the development of the two original branches of widgetry; fingleish and fnordleish. This sentence is mispunctuated.

The comma is confusing and courses, should be removed, and and friends, the semicolon should be a colon. Another of Smith's ideas was the courses, method of case human resource management wal-mart differentiation. The university re-opened after the plague in writing stanford 1667. Smith was elected to a minor fellowship, and awarded a major fellowship after he received his Master's Degree (Bogus 4). After the realization that Calculus was important, and essay for family and friends, was being recognized, a document to record all of the theories became a necessity. Creative Writing Courses Stanford! The Methodis Differantium, the document that contained the elements of the theory of differentiation, was created in 1667. Smith believed he was being pulled in gender roles essay two directions when it came to publishing his theories and making his work known. He felt a need for fame and fortune, yet on creative courses stanford, the other hand he had an t.s. abundant fear of rejection. To the dismay of many future mathematicians, it was never published because of creative writing courses stanford university Smith's fear of criticism.

Since he was not focusing on publishing his work, Smith pursued his career as a professor. This so-called paragraph is an utter mess. There are far too many ideas in it, all of which are strung together haphazardly without any logical flow. I'll try to dissect and rewrite it, but I won't make errors bold because the entire paragraph would be bold if I did. First, let's pick out the different topics being addressed: the method of differentiation the university re-opening after the plague Smith's ascension through the university ranks the need of a document detailing differentiation, which was eventually created Smith's mental state, desires and fears. Now, if we replace each sentence with the number of the corresponding idea, we can see what a jumbled mess this is: 1, 2, 3, 4, 4, 5, 5, 4, 3. Don't introduce a paragraph with one topic and then leap to for family and friends, another topic in the next sentence. While it may sometimes be necessary to mention something as an aside to complement the topic, the creative writing courses stanford university, return to the topic should be swift and easy to understand. Don't bounce around within the paragraph as this student has done.

Another problem: there doesn't seem to essay and friends, be a coherent timeline within the paragraph. Did the creative writing, university re-open in 1667, or was the consequences essay, plague in 1667? Is the student saying that Smith was elected to writing university, a minor fellowship that year or another year? Similarly, when did the human resource management stores, major fellowship and writing courses, Master's Degree come in? It's unlikely to have all happened in of procrastination essay one year, though it is possible. The document was created in 1667, it seems, but when did Smith decide not to publish and seek work as a professor instead? Also 1667?

It sounds like that was a very busy year for poor Smith! The sentences themselves are also awkwardly constructed, making the entire thing hard to courses university, understand. I'll make some assumptions regarding the confusing date information. Here is how this information should have been presented: Smith's ideas on the method of differentiation were gaining recognition in the mathematical community, which made it necessary for him to gender, produce a document detailing all of his theories on the subject. Thus, when the university re-opened in creative stanford 1667 following the plague and Smith was elected to essays bankruptcy, a minor fellowship, he wrote Methodis Differantium. Although Smith wished to attain fame and fortune, he also feared rejection. This dichotomy resulted in courses stanford his failure to publish Methodis Differantium; a failure that would be mourned by mathematicians well into the future. Still, Smith was awarded a major fellowship after receiving his Master's Degree in [insert year].

Since he was not interested in publishing his work, he concentrated instead on culture gender, pursuing a position as a professor. Queen Esmerelda knighted Jones in 1705 to creative university, be given the title of Sir Joe Smith, which made him the first scientist to be so honored for his work (Bogus) . The phrase to study strategic human stores, be given is creative stanford university awkward here. It would be better written: Queen Esmerelda knighted Jones in 1705, which gave him the title of Sir. Who else could be honoured for Smith's work other than Smith? It should say: . which made him the resource wal-mart, first man to creative writing courses stanford university, be honored for scientific work. There probably should be a page number listed in the citation. Jones had a main idea of analytic geometry. What does this mean?

Does the student mean that one of study human management wal-mart stores Jones' main ideas concerned analytic geometry? Does he mean that one of the main ideas of analytic geometry was conceived by Jones? Or does he mean something else entirely? This makes little sense and is very awkward. Whether Smith made no use of the manuscript from creative stanford university, which he had copied abstracts , or whether he had previously invented the widgetiscope, are questions on the metaphysical poets essay, which at this distance of time no direct evidence is available . If Smith made no use of the manuscript, he can't have used it to copy abstracts. Creative Courses! This is poets a very awkward way of saying that the events in question happened so long ago that there is no longer sufficient evidence to answer certain questions. It would be better written:

Questions as to whether Smith made further use of the manuscript from which he copied abstracts or whether he had previously invented the widgetiscope are rooted so far in the past that it is impossible to gather sufficient direct evidence to provide answers. This is still a bit awkward. It's best when broken up into smaller sentences: There are still questions as to creative writing courses, whether Smith made further use of the manuscript from which he copied abstracts or whether he had previously invented the widgetiscope. Such questions are rooted so far in the past, however, that it is t.s. impossible to gather sufficient direct evidence to provide answers. Smith formed a political plan to writing stanford, try to persuade the Germans to attack the Comparing the Offerings Hebrew to Sacrifice Christ as a Sin Offering, French due to writing courses university, him not agreeing with their political agendas and this proved the means of his visiting Hamburg. Due to him not agreeing with is a very awkward way of saying: because he disagreed with. The second bolded part should be a separate sentence. Proved the bankruptcy, means of his visiting is a very awkward way of saying is why he visited. Jones explained ideas too enormous to understand, and simplified problems too complex to approach.

Not only is creative courses university this hyperbole, it's also logically impossible. If the study strategic management wal-mart stores, ideas were too complicated to understand, Jones couldn't have understood them himself. If the problems were too complex to courses stanford, approach, Jones could not have approached them. Mismatched Words, Phrases, and Pronouns. After marrying Elizabeth, Smith's father fell ill for several months. After no sign of recovery, a lawyer was summoned to the manor. A will was drawn up, including one hundred acres of land, the manor house, livestock, grain, and Smith Senior's death (Bogus 10). T.s. The Metaphysical! His mother gave birth to writing stanford university, Smith three months after Smith senior died. He was premature after suffering from of procrastination essay, illness due to the shock of her husband's passing during the fall . The phrase after no sign of recovery is not properly attached to Smith's father. Instead, it is saying that the creative writing courses, lawyer did not recover from something. A will does not include land, a house, etc.

It states to whom such things are bequeathed. This should say: A will was drawn up leaving one hundred acres of land, the manor house, livestock and strategic human resource management wal-mart, grain to [whomever]. Creative University! I don't even understand how and Smith Senior's death fits into this sentence. Comparing The Offerings Of The To Sacrifice Of Jesus As A Sin Offering! His in creative writing stanford university the sentence His mother gave birth. refers to the antecedent Smith Senior. Thus, Smith Senior's mother gave birth to Smith Senior's son.

That would necessitate incest, and is clearly not what the student meant to say. They should have simply said Elizabeth gave birth. Who else but someone's mother gives birth to them anyway? Given the confusions regarding the various Smiths, it would have been better if the student had used first names during this part of the essay. There is inconsistency in capitalization. It is Smith Senior once, and Smith senior another time.

The he in he was premature again refers to the wrong antecedent. Smith Senior was not premature. Smith did not suffer illness due to the shock of Smith Senior's passing. Gender Roles Essay! Elizabeth did. This sentence says that Smith suffered the illness. The student suddenly introduces the creative writing stanford university, phrase during the fall when no other mention of the season has been made. This could be confused with Smith Senior dying from a fall.

Lastly, the inverse relationship between area and essays, the tangent were never attained. The relationship is singular, even though it refers to multiple elements. Courses! Thus, the verb were should be singular as well, and case study human resource stores, changed to creative courses stanford, was. It was this century where many of the worlds most honorable and highly respected mathematicians created what we know today as calculus. A century is not a place, it is a section of roles time. Say it is a place where. or a time when. In this case, It was this century when. Adding an 's' without an creative courses university apostrophe in this case is pluralization, not indicative of possession. The student means world's. But perhaps the largest obstacle , which the the metaphysical poets essay, Greeks could not overcome, were their insufficient number and measuring system . Were is plural, but obstacle and system are singular. It should be was.

Tragically at the age of six, Smith's father died. This says that Smith's father died at the age of six. The student means: Tragically, when Smith was six years old his father died. Jones, now familiar with Smith's discoveries, wrote Smith a letter soon after the publication of his discoveries. After the publication of whose discoveries: Jones' or Smith's? Jones reasoned that if he could calculate the angles of the writing courses stanford university, projected colour, a new law of refraction could be made . People can make legal laws, but natural or scientific laws are discovered. Essays On Corporate! To make a new law of refraction, Jones would have to alter physics.

During the seventeenth century, the inhabitants of creative England did not realize the importance of scientific advancement. Inhabitants could well mean non-human creatures, and is thus a poor choice of the Offerings of the Bible Christ a word. Are we to understand that ALL of the people in England failed to realize the importance of scientific advancement for writing stanford university, an entire century? It would have been better if the student had said most people in England. At the current time, the dominant belief was that light traveled in wave . The current time is the consequences of procrastination, moment the reader is reading the creative courses stanford, sentence. The student meant to say that the belief was such during the historical time period being discussed. Current should be omitted. Culture Essay! The phrase in wave has an error. It should either be in waves or in a wave.

Both may be correct, but such an error can be misunderstood if one is incorrect. This would likely have been caught if the student had read the paper out loud. Secondly, Jones' reliance on geometric algebra rather than symbolic notation created considerable impedance to the identification of solutions of computational features found frequently to different problems. Here is an example of a student not knowing the proper meaning of a word. Impedance means opposition to courses, the flow of electric current. It does not mean the same as to Comparing the Offerings Hebrew Bible to Sacrifice of Jesus as a Sin Offering, impede, which is to be an creative stanford obstacle. This could be an instance where a student used the thesaurus in for family and friends a word processor to come up with a word without bothering to check if the word fit the context. It could also simply be that the student had mislearned the word themselves. Incidentally, a quick check of creative writing university MS Word 97 shows synonyms to impedance to be obstruction, block, baffle, hindrance, breakwater, fin, and culture gender essay, maze.

So here is direct proof that you shouldn't always trust what a word processor thesaurus tells you is an equivalent word. Be diligent and look up unfamiliar words in the dictionary before using them in your essay. In studying widgetry, it serves as great importance that one is aware of the writing courses stanford, two systems of widgetry; fingleish and fnordleish. Something does not serve as great importance, and one being aware doesn't fit either. This is a student trying to sound fancy but instead making no sense. The sentence should read: In studying widgetry, one should be aware of the two systems of widgetry; fingleish and essay, fnordleish. It was thought that Jones hated his stepfather and his mother, partly for abandoning him at such a young age. Who thought so? This entire statement, which implies something that cannot be proven and is thus not a basic fact, had no attribution in the essay. Since it was about someone historical and the student couldn't possibly have known this unless they got it from a source, it was plagiarism to include it without attribution.

Smith managed one friendship through this time and creative stanford, the value of that is always questioned. Who is questioning the value? There is no attribution to resource management wal-mart, explain who questions it or to creative writing courses stanford university, prove that it is questioned by anyone other than the student. What precisely is the Offerings of the Hebrew to Sacrifice of Jesus as a being questioned? The value of only having one friend, or the value of the one friendship to Smith in particular?

. which means that the cut in the # of points is equal to the degree of the creative stanford, curve. Using the # symbol instead of the Comparing of the Bible of Jesus Christ as a, word number is a bad short cut, and certainly inappropriate for a formal essay. Smith also helped to improve the scientific community ; his focus was mainly regarding widgetry. How does a focus on creative writing courses university, a subject help to improve a community? It might improve the understanding of the subject in the community, but does that improve the consequences essay, community itself?

This is creative writing courses stanford university a badly worded assertion. If it truly did benefit the scientific community as a whole, the student should cite a source demonstrating that to be the case. No attribution was present. In one day, John's attitude towards school changed for the better. A boy ranked just above him kicked him in the stomach. Study Management! At the end of the day John challenged the boy to a fight. Even though John was much smaller than his opponent, his determination overtook the boy. Winning the fight was still not enough. John applied himself in class, and soon became the top student in the school. This entire paragraph introduces an creative writing courses stanford university anecdote for the purpose of explaining what drove John to Comparing the Offerings of the Hebrew of Jesus Christ as a Sin Offering, become a better student.

Incredibly, it manages to completely fail to mention the relationship between the anecdote and writing courses stanford, John's new-found classroom enthusiasm. The relationship is implied and t.s. essay, the reader can guess that John wished to beat the boy in more than just a physical fight, and thus worked hard to creative stanford university, outrank the boy in the classroom, but that is not stated. The paragraph is very choppy and the sentences do not flow well. Read it out loud, and you'll hear how it sounds like a grade school book instead of eliot poets a university essay. During this time, Smith constructed a water clock. He constructed the clock out of an old box. This is choppy. Courses Stanford University! It could be easily combined into eliot poets, one sentence. Jones became began to study motion.

This error was probably due to a sentence that once legitimately contained the word became being edited without became being removed. If the student had read the essay out loud or given it to a friend to read, this error likely would have been noticed. Yet, in creative writing courses 1679, Jones would discover that his initial calculation the Moon's distance from Earth was incorrect. Here is another example of a simple error of essay and friends omission that could have been caught if the student had read the essay aloud or given it to a friend to read. Creative Writing Courses! The word of should be between calculation and the. That one small error makes the entire sentence awkward and confusing.

If the instructor has to reread the sentence to try to understand its meaning, the flow of the essay is of Jesus Sin Offering interrupted. If this happens often enough in the essay, it gives an overall bad impression on what otherwise might be a very good paper in creative writing university terms of research. More examples of errors that could have been caught if the students had bothered to read their essay: One of Smith's main contribution was his use of. Widgetry emphasized the notion of the infinite widget, which in Comparing the Offerings of the fact cam as a great service to Smith in that it served as an important too in helping explain his branch of widgetry. Jones might have in fact perputuated the ideas, but he was also at writing courses stanford, a loss when he could not make good sense of them from the beginning. Admiration for Smith grew in the filed of widgetry. With Jones' encouragement, Smith drafter a number of monographs on religious topics. Smith considers out universe to be a gravitational system. On August 10, 1777, Jones was ent a letter from. In later research , it was proven that Jones was incorrect and case study management stores, science rejected his theories about light until the next century.

Thus, it was scientifically proven that Jones' theories about quanta (tiny particulate packets of energy) were indeed correct . Writing Courses Stanford! The wave formulation was also correct . When was this later research? Who performed the t.s. eliot, research? In discussing whether someone was proven incorrect or not, it is a good idea to fully explain who did the proving when, and possibly even how they came to their conclusion. These sentences contradict each other. Was Jones proven incorrect or correct? Does the student mean that Jones was erroneously proven incorrect, but science later found that he was correct after all? Or was Jones correct about some things and not others? The use of Thus implies causality. How does the proof that Jones is incorrect and the rejection by science suddenly become scientific proof of his theory being correct? Regardless of what the student meant by writing courses university the flip from Comparing of the of Jesus Christ as a, incorrect to correct, there is nothing given to writing courses, establish causality. It's disappointing to see such sloppiness as this in an essay.

This particular essay featured clipart, so it was obviously done on a computer with a modern word processor. It clearly wasn't spell-checked. Such complete disregard is automatically indicative of a student who doesn't care about their final product, and while the error itself is minor, it gives a bad impression to the grader. In fact, this essay had several spelling errors that could have been caught. That's inexcusable at the university level.

It was also during this time that he traveled to his uncle's place in Brunswick. Place is colloquial. Of Procrastination! Use home, apartment, residence or other such appropriate word instead. Smith attempted to obtain his doctorate of law degree at the University of Anytown but was denied because positions were being held for the older students -- and creative, Smith was much too young. Smith's secretary claims that he was told many times, however, that Smith was denied admission because of negative feelings that the Dean's wife held for him. Smith's secretary is probably dead, since this essay is about someone from the 19th century. Therefore, they no longer claim anything. It should be past tense. Since the student doesn't cite this, there is an implication that perhaps the secretary is t.s. the metaphysical poets essay not dead and the student went so far as to interview the secretary personally.

That is, of course, quite unlikely, meaning that this student has plagiarised this information from one of their sources. The following are a few concepts that form the basis of Leibnizian calculus: [followed by three bulleted paragraphs comprised mostly of direct quotation] Using bullets in a formal essay is rarely appropriate. It is preferable to write out the bulleted information into proper paragraph form. This student seems to have been too lazy to bother paraphrasing a bunch of direct quotations into a formal essay structure. Along came the Joe Smith, a mathematician considered by numerous scholars to be a pioneer of calculus, including other renowned mathematician, Bill Jones. The Joe Smith? There has only been one?

The student means another, not other. Stanford! Sloppy. The first page of the essay starts with: have been developed (5). The second page starts with the header Introduction and the opening paragraph. Clearly, the student stapled the pages out of order.

What a sloppy mistake! Pages should be numbered unless you're specifically instructed not to for some reason, and you should always ensure that all of the eliot the metaphysical poets essay, pages are present and in university proper order before binding the essay. If the instructor has to begin by figuring out what the heck is going on, they will automatically have a bad impression of your essay and possibly of eliot the metaphysical essay you. Jones was quite a busy man in that along with his position in the Court of creative stanford university Mainz, he also managed to serve as Baron Johann Christian von Boineburg as secretary, librarian, lawyer, advisor, assistant, and most importantly, friend. Quite a busy man is of procrastination essay a bit colloquial. Courses! A busy man would do. The first as is an error, since Jones did not serve as the culture, Baron, he served the Baron. This may have been caught if the student had read their essay out loud. His Chummy, Bill Jones, who Smith shared a room with until his resignation from creative courses stanford university, this fellowship in 1683.

Chummy should only be included if it was Smith's actual word for Jones. If this is the eliot the metaphysical, case, it is creative writing courses a quotation from a source and should be cited. If not, it is colloquial and should just say His friend Bill Jones. Who should be whom in this case. A site called Grammar and Style has information on how to use who and whom. T.s.! This isn't even a complete sentence. Smith was born prematurely and was so small when he was born that they thought he might not live.

Repeating that he was born is redundant. Who does they refer to? Doctors? Parents? Relatives? Townsfolk? It is creative writing university a pronoun without an antecedent.

In this publication, Jones has a discourse between the belief systems of the natural philosophical world around him. Has is the wrong word here because the eliot the metaphysical essay, essay is about a person who is creative writing stanford now dead. Study Strategic Management Wal-mart Stores! Dead people don't have discourse with anyone in the present, so the word should at least be had. But even had is awkward, and a better word would be wrote. Discourse means to converse, especially orally. One does not speak orally in writing courses stanford a publication. It is written. This word should be omitted. Of Procrastination! Between denotes at least two participants, but Jones is the creative writing stanford university, only one having the supposed discourse.

This too should be omitted. Natural philosophical world is confusing. Essay And Friends! Does the university, student mean the natural, philosophical world, which would be the world described as both natural and philosophical? Or do they mean natural philosophical world, in essay which natural modifies philosophical and not world, in creative writing courses stanford which case the grammatically correct phrase would be naturally philosophical world? This would be better written as:

In this publication, Jones wrote of the belief systems of the consequences essay, natural, philosophical world around him. or, depending on the answer to the fourth point: In this publication, Jones wrote of the belief systems of the naturally philosophical world around him. He was home for creative writing stanford, approximately 18 months, according to Jones the 18 months was the most predominant time period of his life. This is a run-on sentence. It should either end between 18 months and according, or it should be rewritten to essay and friends, make it a proper sentence. 18 months is repeated for no reason. 18 months is plural, so it should be 18 months were not 18 months was.

Predominant means superior especially in creative writing power or numbers. Something cannot be most superior. Most should be omitted. Predominant is not the the Offerings of the Bible as a Sin Offering, best word in this case anyway. Creative Courses Stanford University! If the student means it was the most powerful time of Jones' life, they should be clear about that. If they mean it was the most superior numerical time of culture essay his life, then he logically cannot have been more than 36 months old. Simpson was content after his ability to reproduce Smith's experiment.

Jones was not that easy, the creative courses stanford, two men fought constantly. The student probably means that Simpson was content once he was able to reproduce Smith's experiment. The current phrasing doesn't quite say that, and is awkward and confusing. Jones was not that easy to the Offerings of the Hebrew to Sacrifice Sin Offering, what? The student probably means Jones was not that easy to satisfy or something equivalent.

This is a run-on sentence. It should end after easy, or be rewritten to be grammatically correct. Which two men? Simpson and creative writing, Jones or Smith and Jones? The information on physics before this section is important to understanding whom Newton was, but arguably, his greatest advancements were in the field of mathematics, most importantly Calculus. Incorrect use of whom. Should be who.

A site called Grammar and Style has information on how to use who and for family and friends, whom. There should not be a comma between arguably and his. There is no citation as to anyone arguing that Newton's greatest advancements were in mathematics. This might be because it would be difficult to writing, prove in the face of the importance of Newtonian physics. Advancements is t.s. eliot the metaphysical essay probably the creative writing, wrong word. Achievements or discoveries would be better. Newton's advancements are more likely to be funds paid in advance of publication. The addition of most importantly is awkward. Particularly would have been a better word. The use of of procrastination greatest and most importantly referring to Calculus is hyperbole. Creative Courses! Given that this essay was for a Calculus class, it sounds like a kiss-up.

The declarations of superiority are superfluous, unattributed, probably erroneous, and possibly pandering. It's all very ugly. A concluding sentence: Smith's great work, theories, and studies will continue to live on forever in the ever-changing world of science and mathematics . How can the student know that Smith's work will live on eliot the metaphysical essay, forever? That's an impossible assertion to creative writing courses stanford, make. Work, theories and studies don't live. They exist, but they are not organic creatures. If the world is ever-changing, how again can the eliot the metaphysical poets essay, student know that Smith's work won't one day be considered nonsense?

Or lost entirely? World is singular, but it refers to two worlds, one of science and creative writing university, one of mathematics. This conclusion reeks of case human resource management hyperbole. (So does the creative courses, phrase reeks of essay for family hyperbole, but this is not a formal essay.) A scientist before Smith by the name of Jones knew that he could demonstrate the ration between two infinite sums. The phrasing here is a bit awkward. It would be better phrased: Jones, a predecessor of stanford Smith, knew that. Ration is the wrong word. The student meant ratio. This is one of those errors that a spell-check cannot find, but if the essay had been read aloud it may have been noticed. One man was proclaiming to be the inventor of the essay, widgetiscope and creative courses stanford university, another man was proclaiming the exact same thing; who is telling the truth? The main problem here is the change in tense.

You can't go from was to case strategic human resource management, is if the subject remains fixed in time. Furthermore, it is incorrect to refer to someone who is dead as doing anything in the present besides being dead (and possibly rotting). A dead person is not telling anything right now, but they were in the past. Creative Writing Courses Stanford! Try to avoid using the passive form was proclaiming and instead use proclaimed. Essay! This particular statement is also bad because of the courses stanford university, subject matter. The student has already shown in the essay that both men happened to independently invent the gender essay, widgetiscope, but the issue is who deserved the title for inventing it first . So actually, neither one was necessarily lying, and the student should not make it appear that one or the other may have been doing so. You must be careful not to libel people. The phrasing here is awkward and possibly a bit too conversational in the final question. A better way of writing this would be: Two men proclaimed to be the inventor of calculus, but only one could be given the credit. The argument was so drawn out that a decision was not easy to come by which worked against courses stanford Smith's favor.

Jones had been considered the sole inventor of the case study strategic management stores, widgetiscope for fifteen years already, which gave him the creative writing courses university, upper hand. The student meant to essay and friends, say that the duration of the argument caused Smith to lose. But because the student failed to put the necessary comma between the bolded words, this sentence actually says, by means of writing a complicated string of culture gender roles essay multiple negatives, that it was not easy to come to a decision against Smith, meaning he won. This sentence would be better worded this way: Because the argument took so long, Smith lost. But then, at the beginning of the next paragraph, the creative courses stanford, student writes: The argument took years to unravel and never really came to a definitive decision. This negates what the student had asserted before: that Smith lost because of the duration of the poets essay, argument. This also repeats the fact that it was a long argument, which is redundant.

It was from the Greeks, where the underlying of widgetry emerged and courses stanford, set the basis of case study resource management what widgetry has become. The Greeks are a people, not a place, so things come from whom, not where. The comma in creative writing stanford this sentence should not be there. It sets up an expectation that the portion after the comma is a separate clause, as in: It was from the Greeks, who also invented blodgetry, that widgetry came forth. Note that because the who is in human resource management the separate clause, it should not be whom. The underlying what ? You can't just say the creative courses stanford, underlying of widgetry. Culture Gender Roles Essay! It has to be the underlying something of widgetry, whether that something is basis, foundation, etc. Although there was a time of intellectual heightening , there came a period of writing darkness in the development of mathematics (Ewards 45) . Intellectual heightening is an icky, awkward phrase. Intellectual development would have been much better. Culture Roles Essay! In going over this old essay, I wondered if perhaps this was a typo of the creative stanford, name Edwards. Of Procrastination Essay! I checked the creative courses stanford university, bibliography to confirm the name, and discovered that nothing by Ewards, Edwards, or any similar name was there at all.

Had this gone noticed when the paper was being graded, serious questions would have been raised as to the validity of the of procrastination essay, student's sources and bibliography. Be sure to list all sources in your bibliography, and be sure to creative courses stanford, spell them correctly when citing! One motive of Sumerian algebra was to impose on themselves a concepts that they could not fully understand and precisely compute, and for this reason, rejected concepts of and friends irrational as numbers, all traces of the infinite, such as limit concepts, from their own mathematics. Motive applies to Sumerian algebra, not Sumerians. Therefore, that motive cannot be imposed on themselves.

It should be written: One motive of the Sumerians concerning their algebra was to impose on themselves. although that is writing stanford still an the Offerings of the to Sacrifice of Jesus as a Sin Offering awkward phrase. Creative Writing Courses Stanford! Concepts should not be plural. The Metaphysical Poets Essay! This is sloppiness that probably could have been detected if the writing courses stanford, student had bothered to the Offerings of the to Sacrifice of Jesus Christ, read over his essay. The sentence should end after compute. A new sentence should begin, For this reason.

The word they should be put between reason and rejected to say: For this reason, they rejected concepts. This sentence is so garbled with mismatched subclauses that adding another is just icky. I'd put such as limit concepts in parenthesis, or rewrite the sentence to bring that idea out on creative writing courses, its own. If Greek rigor had surmounted their need to succeed in these elements and refused to use real numbers and limits till they had finally understood them, calculus may have never formed and mathematics as a whole would be obsolete (Apostal 102). The verb refused applies to essays, Greek rigor, not Greeks, which is nonsensical. Be careful to ensure that your verbs match the subject you intend for courses university, them. Don't use till when you mean until. That's colloquial at best, and not really a proper use of the word at all at worst. The proper phrase is have never been formed. To say something never formed begs the question: What didn't it form? Even though there is a citation for this extreme declaration that mathematics as a whole would be obsolete, it's still probably hyperbole.

I wonder if the source actually said that, or if the gender, student's paraphrasing has overstated the creative stanford, source's point that mathematics might be different without the case study human management stores, advent of calculus. Be careful that you don't paraphrase in such a way as to claim a source said something that they did not. If this source really says mathematics would be obsolete without calculus, it's a bad source. Creative Writing Stanford University! Such a statement would render even basic arithmetic and counting as obsolete, which is ridiculous. Essentially , it is a case of Smith's word against a number of suspicious details pointing against him. He acknowledged possession of essay a copy of part of one of creative stanford Jones' manuscripts, on more than one occasion he deliberately altered or added to important documents before publishing them, and t.s. eliot, a material date I none of his manuscripts had been falsified (1675 had been changed to creative writing stanford, 1673) (Bogus, 78)

Essentially isn't technically incorrect here, but students do have a tendency to use words like essentially and the Offerings to Sacrifice Sin Offering, basically too often. It's somewhat conversational, and possibly colloquial. Try to avoid it unless something is creative stanford truly essential. Culture Gender Roles! A number of suspicious details pointing against him is an awkward way of saying: suspicions of his guilt. But what the student means is not suspicions, but points of creative writing university evidence. Comparing The Offerings Hebrew Bible Of Jesus! When you list several examples of something you've indicated, the way to punctuate it is as follows (note the placement of the writing courses stanford, colon and subsequent semicolons): [Point being made]:[proof 1];[proof 2];[proof 3]; and[proof 4]. This way each proof can have punctuation such as commas without being confused with other points, and essay and friends, each proof still points to the main part of the sentence. This entire thing should be rewritten to courses university, say: It is a case of Smith's word against the evidence of his guilt: he acknowledged possession of a copy of Jones' manuscripts; on more than one occasion he deliberately altered or added to Comparing to Sacrifice Christ as a, important documents before publishing them; and his manuscripts had been falsified by changing 1675 to stanford university, 1673 (Bogus, 78). After quoting a dictionary definition:

The editors of the famous dictionary are probably unaware of the fact that they have just committed a cardinal sin in the mathematical world , in that they only described fingleish widgetry, and the metaphysical essay, failed to include an explanation of fnordleish widgetry. It's okay to question a source, and at higher levels of education it might even be required. But if you're going to do it, be careful to do it well and writing courses stanford university, with evidence. This just sounds presumptuous. The student has not shown whether or not the dictionary has separate definitions for widgetry or otherwise accounts for its apparent lack of sufficient definition.

Saying the dictionary is famous is probably unnecessary, and possibly hyperbole. A cardinal sin is a sin of fundamental importance. In the study strategic resource stores, Judeo-Christian context, this would mean something very bad, like murder. Creative Courses Stanford University! Thus, calling a disagreement in definition in Comparing the Offerings of the Hebrew to Sacrifice of Jesus as a a dictionary a cardinal sin is definitely hyperbole. Even if it was a cardinal sin, the sin was committed in the dictionary, not in the mathematical world. The student meant against creative writing university the mathematical world. It is surprising how people could be satisfied such a vague definition, as was the case in Webster's Dictionary, on a subject that has tested such great minds for centuries upon centuries . It is surprising how students could be satisfied with such drivel in their essays. That sounds nasty, doesn't it? That's because it is.

Sentences like this are insulting and off-putting, and don't belong in a formal essay. Such great minds requires an example. Eliot Poets! The word such should be omitted. Centuries upon centuries is creative writing courses university redundant. Just say centuries and leave it at the Offerings of Jesus Christ, that. Jones' first object in Paris was to make contact with the French government but, while waiting for such an opportunity, he made contact with mathematicians and philosophers there, in particular Davis and Myers, discussing with Davis a variety of topics but particularly church reunification (Bugle 57). An object is a thing. Writing Courses Stanford University! The student means Jones' first objective. This is a bad run-on. Gender Roles Essay! It should be broken up like this: Jones' first objective in Paris was to make contact with the creative writing stanford, French government, but while waiting for an opportunity to do so, he made contact with mathematicians and essay for family and friends, philosophers such as Davis and Myers.

He discussed a variety of topics with Davis, particularly church reunification (Bugle 57). Smith's contribution to courses, math has helped our society become more technological in building things . In this particular case, Smith made many contributions, not just one. Math is the colloquial version of mathematics. Did Smith's contributions only help our society? What about essays on corporate, other societies? More technological in building things is a really awkward way of saying improved our technological aptitude.

Undoubtedly, Jones was one of the greatest geniuses that ever lived and this paper will demonstrate that, starting from his childhood until his death . Smith may have been a genius, but to creative courses university, blow that up to t.s. eliot poets, one of the greatest geniuses that ever lived is hyperbole. Even if it is true, the paper didn't demonstrate it because the paper didn't compare Smith to other great geniuses that have lived. The paper showed that Smith was a genius, perhaps, but not his rank amongst all of the geniuses that have ever lived. If you start from something, you go to or follow through to another something. Creative Writing Courses Stanford University! The phrase starting from his childhood until his death actually means you're starting from the section of time inclusively between his childhood and death and not saying where you're going. Furthermore, the paper does not start from Smith's childhood because it was not being written when Smith was a child. Culture Roles! The student means, starting with his childhood and following through to his death. That is still awkward, and the sentence would be best written:

Undoubtedly, Jones was a genius, and this paper will demonstrate that by examining his entire life. So John lived for seven years with his mother's parents who did not really show him any affection . So in this context is colloquial and should be omitted. This really should be cited. John's address may be a matter of writing courses stanford university public record and therefore doesn't have to be cited, but comments on the emotional quality of the household imply research, and the student should give credit to the source. Really is colloquial, and essay and friends, should be omitted. While at Cambridge, Smith's genius was most productive in his dedication to creative stanford, math . Who is Smith's genius? The student means Smith's intellect, but an intellect cannot be productive. The Metaphysical Essay! It facilitates productivity, but it is not productive itself.

A better way to write this would be: Smith's intellect was best displayed in his dedication. Math is colloquial. Creative Writing Stanford! It should be mathematics. This information helps us to understand how we, as humans stay on bankruptcy, the ground; we are matter as well and do have an invisible force weighing us down as we push against it and creative writing stanford university, it pushes back against us . This hand full of knowledge has helped our scientist understand our universe of heavenly bodies and their movement. It has also allowed scientist to delve further in exploring our galaxy. Does gravity only affect humans? Granted, the student is trying to make the science seem more personal, but this is an awkward way of doing it. For Family And Friends! It is also something that seems to indicate an creative writing courses stanford university essay geared to children. While you should usually write essays so they can be understood by laypersons, you can assume those laypersons are your age and intellectual peers.

The description of the invisible force is very awkward. A better wording would be: do have an invisible force that we push against as it pushes back against us. Gravity does not, in fact, weigh people down. The student's own definition of it earlier in the essay mentions this, and here too it is accurately described as a push, not a pull. To add in the bit about it weighing us down is culture gender contradictory. The student means handful. This is creative courses university a bad description anyway, since the student is trying to show how this knowledge is monumental to scientists. Both instances of scientist should be pluralized. One delves further into something, not in it. The Royal Society always had someone coming in each week they met to show off their invention . Always had someone coming in is colloquial and awkward. It should say: The Royal Society hosted a guest each week.

The second part of this is a separate sentence and should be capitalized and punctuated accordingly, or else brought into the first sentence with appropriate conjunctions. Show off is colloquial. Demonstrate would be better. Since more than one invention was demonstrated, invention should be plural. A concluding paragraph: Jones was a great man who made an impact in all of our lives . He is of the Bible to Sacrifice Sin Offering recognized as one of the centuries brilliant-minded people who helped to further math along. This intellectual man has created something which has and will be used for years to courses stanford, come.

This is an important part of history which will and should never be forgotten. The essay has shown that Jones was brilliant and invented some useful things. It has not, however, demonstrated that he was a great man. Essay! A great man is one that embodies greatness in creative stanford university all things, including attitude, relationships with others, and their contributions to their society. Jones may have been all of this, but the essay did not reflect it, so it is hyperbole to declare it in the conclusion. It is also a highly subjective comment; what makes someone great to one person may not for another. Centuries is the plural of century, not the consequences, possessive. The student means century's. But Jones was not of our current century, so the student should define which century they mean. Impacts are made on, not in. If by all of us the student means everyone on the planet, this is incorrect.

Jones' contributions to mathematics hardly impact the life of someone living in a non-literate, non-industrialized society. Even if the student merely means her peers, it is still hyperbole to declare that everyone has been impacted. If you're going to mention that the person did something in your conclusion, mention what that something is. While it is unlikely that Jones' history will be forgotten, the student cannot effectively predict the future in writing university this way. Some of these comments may seem nitpicky, but the fact of the matter is errors such as these reflect poorly on you and human resource wal-mart stores, your essay. No one is perfect, and an essay with one or two awkward phrases won't be marked down just for those instances. But an essay that is full of the errors listed above prevents the reader from understanding the content. If the instructor doesn't know what you mean, they can't possibly give you a good grade. Last updated in February 2005. Copyright #169 2000-2005 Kimberly Chapman.

All rights reserved. This original work is available for distribution, provided the following: it is only distributed in this complete form, it contains my name and copyright, it is not altered during distribution without my consent, and it is not used to generate income for anyone without my consent. I would strongly appreciate knowing if anyone is distributing this in printed form. If you want to receive notification of creative writing university updates on any portion of this site, simply enter your email address here and click/select the button to enter. You will be required to sign up for a free Yahoo! account to complete registration. Essays! Please note that Yahoo!'s privacy policy and other management are outside of kimberlychapman.com's responsibility. Users are encouraged to perform their own due diligence before signing up with any online service.

To find out more about the courses, list or read messages without signing up, please visit the Yahoo! page for the kimberlychapman updates mailing list.

pr case study If you’re a startup launching your first product, or looking for funding for a new product, you’ll want to courses stanford university, check out Kickstarter. My friends at MIO Global, who are making the study strategic, holy grail of strapless, continuous heart rate monitor watches, used Kickstarter to writing university, generate its target $100,000 funding for product development. Backers’ credit cards are charged only if the project reaches its funding goal within the set deadline. The Metaphysical Essay? If the targets aren’t met, backers are not charged. Liz Dickinson, founder of MIO Global, started looking at Kickstarter when Pebble (an e-paper watch for iPhone and Android) got over $10 million in pledges on the site.

This seriously legitimized Kickstarter as a fundraising vehicle for technical projects. The most appealing aspect of Kickstarter is creative stanford university that you can raise the funds you need to bring your dream to reality without having to give up personal equity. Kickstarter is the Offerings of the Hebrew to Sacrifice of Jesus Christ as a Sin Offering also a great way to develop a community around your product — in other words, it’s great for courses stanford university PR. About Alpha, the Holy Grail of Heart Rate Monitors. Liz has worked in culture roles high technology for over 20 years, holds six patents and is the inventor of the creative writing, world’s first finger sense EKG accurate heart rate watch, MIO.

MIO was revolutionary in the field of heart rate monitors. Gender? For people interested in exercising with a heart rate watch, touching the watch was better than having to creative writing, wear a chest strap. But athletes wanted more: a heart rate monitor with no chest strap, that was continuous, accurate at high speeds, and Comparing of the Hebrew Sin Offering, didn’t need to be touched. Liz understood that discovering such a technology would become her company’s ultimate goal. Writing Stanford University? And so, her 11-year journey in search of the “Holy Grail” of heart rate monitor watches began. Two years ago while visiting Philips Electronics in the Netherlands, Liz saw technology that had the potential to make real her dream of finding the “Holy Grail”.

Liz saw substantial promise in their approach and case study strategic resource wal-mart, had a great deal of confidence in the research team at Philips. So in a leap of faith she decided to invest. After a significant personal financial risk and lots of hard work, Liz is near to bringing the Alpha heart rate monitor to market. The business challenge before her was to find the money needed to finish the project. Goals for the Kickstarter Campaign. Was Kickstarter the right platform for writing university Liz to raise the money she would need to cross the finish line? To answer this, Liz needed to determine what her capital needs were, and if Kickstarter had the and friends, power to attract that amount of money through pledges. Liz had personally funded Alpha to creative stanford university, the prototype stage but still needed another $100K to bring Alpha to market. The success of the Pebble watch gave Liz comfort that Kickstarter could meet her financial goals.

At the same time, the highly public and case study human resource management stores, social aspect of using Kickstarter to raise pledges allowed her to creative writing courses, set other “soft” information goals as well. How would the market react to culture gender essay, Alpha? Would men or women buy it? Would pledges (which are essentially correlated to price) slow down as the limited lower pledge categories sold out? Would people pledge $200 to get an Alpha? Since Kickstarter is creative writing stanford such a highly visible way of raising funds, there was a unique opportunity to set some PR goals. Could Kickstarter buzz be used in a way to help build the Alpha brand and awareness in the target market (athletes) and not just the Kickstarter community?

Don’t expect to launch the project and watch the pledges kick in. A Kickstarter project is a living, breathing thing. And Friends? It needs to writing courses stanford university, be watched, nurtured, updated, and tweaked regularly. You need to communicate with backers regularly. Don’t underestimate how time and Comparing the Offerings of the Bible to Sacrifice of Jesus as a, resource intensive a Kickstarter project is. If a person is uncomfortable putting her/himself out there for the whole world to writing courses stanford, see and judge, Kickstarter is essays on corporate bankruptcy likely not the courses stanford, right funding vehicle. You’ve got to reply to questions promptly. Set the right reward levels that meet your goals. One of the biggest challenges is to know how to set the reward levels. Culture Roles Essay? If offering product as a reward, it is very important to understand all the cost components, including shipping, and the percentages taken by Amazon Payments as well as Kickstarter.

If pledge levels are too low but the funding goal is met, the creative writing stanford university, sad result will be an obligation to create and deliver product at a loss. If you set low “early bird” pledge levels, they will get snapped up from the feeling of urgency. Create design and aesthetics that entertain. It’s also very important to create a project that meets the aesthetic sensibility of the Kickstarter audience. When reviewing successful Kickstarter submissions, Liz noticed that design is essential, and the submission must be beautiful as well as informative. Culture Roles? Many Kickstarters come to the site simply for creative courses entertainment (check out the Alpha video above). Driving traffic and continued interest is essential. Serious thought needs to for family and friends, be given to driving traffic to your project. Kickstarter’s own traffic will result in writing university a certain number of pledges. However, this may not necessarily be your target audience. Fortunately, Kickstarter offers social sharing tools that make it easy to spread the word about a project.

These include Facebook and of the Hebrew Bible to Sacrifice as a Sin Offering, Twitter share buttons, as well as an embed code for writing courses stanford the project video. Begin PR efforts well in advance of the Kickstarter launch. When talking with those who had successful campaigns, they all said the Comparing Hebrew Bible to Sacrifice of Jesus Christ Sin Offering, same thing: positive mention in creative writing a blog was the best way to get pledges. Before launching a Kickstarter campaign, make sure you know who the most influential bloggers are in your space and send them product to review. The longest mentions are of t.s. the metaphysical essay those where bloggers got prototypes. First reviews should be lined up ready to coincide with the creative university, launch of the Kickstarter campaign. Succeeding blog mentions should come out throughout the essay and friends, life of the campaign.

The communication strategy should be totally buttoned down – who sends what to whom, when and with a clear call to courses university, action. Remember to educate the public. Liz found that many people that came to Kickstarter as a result of her push campaign were not at all familiar with the platform or really understand what was expected of them. Wal-mart Stores? Part of your communication plan should include educating your market about writing stanford university, what Kickstarter is, and Comparing the Offerings of the Hebrew of Jesus Christ as a Sin Offering, how they can use it to writing stanford, support your project. Keep messages crisp and consistent, use all forms of social media to t.s. the metaphysical, their maximum. Spread word about the project and push out the writing courses stanford, message relentlessly. Bankruptcy? The Kickstarter community will generate the initial project interest in your project – but it is up to the entrepreneur to bring in the external traffic and motivate them to pledge. It’s also important to keep communicating with people after they’ve placed their pledges. Kickstarter gives project owners a space to publish updates on courses the campaign and the project, complete with photos.

Backers can use the Comments section, which is also a great venue for essays the project owner to interact with backers. Usage of the Kickstarter supplied backer communication and statistical analyses tools is vital. It cannot be overly stressed how important it is to completely understand all aspects of the platform itself. Kickstarter provides a Dashboard to continually optimize the campaign; amount of money pledged by referring link, number of video plays and was it watched via Kickstarter or offsite, popularity of various pledge levels and ways to communicate with individual and groups of backers. Alpha was 30% funded after 3 days on Kickstarter…. and as of publication of this post, it has exceeded its $100K funding goal, just 10 days after campaign launch. 7 Critical PR Lessons for creative Launching Start-Ups.

For over 20 years, we’ve been fortunate to be part of many product and company launches, with many lessons learned. Earlier this year, we helped our client Glen Canyon Corporation earn over 30 feature articles and 150 news release postings within a span of 60 days, resulting in exceptional lead generation for them. We began pro-active outreach to essays on corporate bankruptcy, media and analysts just two weeks prior to the first news release and executed the company’s formal launch at an industry trade show. While every company is unique, our experience has shown us there are key elements essential to writing courses, the success of every start-up’s PR launch: Read More→ Put an to End Meaningless PR Metrics. Ever wonder what PR metrics really mean? Gone are the days when the success of PR is measured only by outputs: number of articles published about our company; number of people who were reached by the publications, TV programs and radio shows we appeared in; etc. The problem with these metrics is, we’re never really sure exactly how many people we’ve reached and, more importantly, what effect such exposure has had on culture gender roles consumer behavior.

Even Advertising Value Equivalency or AVE (the cost of editorial coverage if you were to writing courses stanford university, pay for essay it as advertising space) is writing far from an accurate measure of exactly what results our PR efforts bring. The only thing you find out essay, with this metric is, you probably spent way less for creative writing courses university that exposure through PR than if you had paid for study strategic resource management wal-mart it in advertising. Pretty impressive, but the next question is, so what? The integration of social media with traditional media in PR has made measurement much easier. We can now trace exactly how many people clicked on a particular link and, upon getting to our landing page, how many took the action we wanted — whether it’s signing up for creative writing courses university an email list or placing an consequences of procrastination essay order.

Yet social media measurements aren’t perfect, either. We still can’t capture “more favorable attitudes” or “increased awareness” towards our product or service, for creative example. That’s because knowledge, awareness, and attitudes don’t always translate into behaviors we can observe and t.s. eliot the metaphysical essay, measure objectively. Given that there is yet no perfect way to measure the impact and effectiveness of PR, we can’t lose sight of the fact that we can at least make PR measurement more meaningful. That is, we can measure and track those metrics that help us get to know our prospects and customers better, determine what works and what doesn’t, and have a reliable basis to creative courses stanford, make future PR, marketing and business decisions. In my own experience with clients at Cross Border Communication, the key is first understanding the gender, business outcomes you need to produce. Pick that outcome apart into its underlying components. This exercise can turn something as intangible as “building awareness” into a concrete objective with observable benchmarks, such as increase in social discussions, improvement of search engine ranking, number of downloads of a white paper, proliferation in the use of writing university our hash tag, etc. Therefore, metrics are meaningful because they support our PR/marketing and business goals. It becomes clear why we’re measuring something, and what the metrics mean in relation to the results or outcomes (vs outputs) we want to accomplish. Developing some discipline around measuring the metrics that describe our benchmarks and tracking the data over time can give us powerful insights and market intelligence we can use to consequences of procrastination essay, improve future campaigns.

Company executives can also better understand and appreciate the results PR has generated. What have you been doing to measure the creative stanford university, effectiveness and success of you company’s PR? How do you feel about the metrics you currently track? I’d love to hear about your experience in consequences of procrastination essay the comments below. Writing? You can also send me a message via Twitter, or post a comment on our Facebook page. Building Long-Term PR Relationships in a Digital World. When we first started working with Dongbu HiTek in 2001, it was a start-up semiconductor manufacturer based in Korea wanting to enter the North American market. And Friends? Though its parent company was worth $11 billion, Dongbu was going to enter a competitive market mostly buying from strong competitors in creative writing stanford university Taiwan and t.s. the metaphysical poets essay, China. Writing Courses Stanford? It was virtually unknown in culture gender essay the semiconductor industry and had no relationships with key media and analyst influencers in the US. In 10 years we have provided the gamut of technology PR and marketing communications services for Dongbu – writing, media relations, trade show and event management, marketing collateral development, and much more.

We have also done PR projects for them in Europe and creative stanford university, Asia. Although we now work with clients on online strategies, a decade ago there was no Twitter, Facebook or LinkedIn. No one was blogging, getting inbound links or using SEO to get found. We built relationships with Dongbu’s key influencers the for family, old-fashioned way – one person at a time. In an increasingly digital world, don’t underestimate the power of building long-term and personal relationships. The lessons below still apply today. How to Leverage Company Activities To Get PR. One of our newest clients, Rapid Electric Vehicles (REV) delivers completely electric fleet vehicles that serve as the first-ever mobile storage system for the electricity grid, in addition to powering on-site equipment for stanford university fleet crews.

They have a unique technology, blue-chip customers, a clearly articulated vision and study strategic resource wal-mart, an extremely quotable CEO. At first glance, it seems like they compete in a space that is crowded… until one digs deeper to find their truly compelling story. The founder and CEO, Jay Giraud, travels and speaks extensively as a passionate advocate for clean technology in Canada and the US. In a single month, we have observed Jay: present at the Canadian Financing Forum, be named in Vancouver’s Clean Tech “Ready to creative writing stanford, Rocket” award list speak as a panelist at the California Vehicle to Grid Consortium present on “Smart Grids, Smarter Cars” at the Niagara Development Forum on Innovation New Concepts in gender roles Ontario participate in a local tech industry reception, and stanford, most recently, attend a micro-grid military unveiling in Oahu. So, how does one get media excited about a company, in order to maximize a busy CEO’s activities? PR Packs a Multi-Million Dollar Punch. From time to essays on corporate bankruptcy, time, we’ll be sharing with you some PR case studies. These case studies will help to identify the courses stanford university, key elements to a successful PR campaign. Our hope is they will help you use PR to achieve your business goals. Today’s case study is from my Director of Client Services at Cross Border Communications, Jackie Peterson.

Since jumping into the PR game a few years ago, I have learned plenty about essays, media and delivering messages effectively. Creative Writing Stanford University? I feel fortunate to essays, have met people running businesses from creative writing courses stanford all walks of essay for family life in many different realms. The best part of PR is university meeting the t.s. the metaphysical essay, entrepreneurs. Courses Stanford University? They are equal parts creative, passionate and life-loving, with a dash of wild and a pinch of crazy. In other words, we get along swimmingly. Helping them achieve their vision is essay for family most rewarding. Probably one of the writing stanford, most illustrative examples of the power of PR happened in 2010, when I worked with a company looking to raise money for a private fund. I felt a little shock and a lot of awe when I received the news that PR in Your Pajamas was included in PR Web’s 25 Essential Public Relations Blogs You Should Be Reading. Shock, because I’ve always considered this blog to be in the fledgling stage.

I started it just over a year and eliot poets essay, a half ago and stanford university, while I always strive to deliver quality information about PR and social media, I haven’t exactly been diligent about it. It was only in the last few months that I’ve been able to publish a new post at least every week. I also felt awe, because the essay and friends, other bloggers on creative stanford the list are PR and social media stars: Brian Solis, Peter Shankman of HARO, Danny Brown, and Jason Falls of Social Media Explorer, among others. The amazing thing with doing public relations is, you never know who’s out there listening, watching or reading about you. This might be a scary thing, but most of the case strategic human management, time, it’s a GOOD thing. The more consistently you put yourself out there, the university, more unexpected praise, recognition and opportunities come your way.

The ripple effect of PR has only gotten more intense with social networking. Journalists as well as other content publishers and influence peddlers are online. They may be “on to you” without you being aware of it. I experienced this myself recently when I was included in essay Forbes.com’s 20 Women for courses stanford Entrepreneurs to Follow on consequences of procrastination essay Twitter. I hadn’t been interacting with the courses university, writer on case study strategic stores Twitter.

PR Case Study: Getting Over Stage Fright. I was recently contacted by Janet Esposito, author of the new book Getting Over Stage Fright who said: “I wanted to creative writing stanford, share with you the great news of my first article for gender my book. It is a full page spread with a huge image of my book and my photo, along with a long text. It appeared in university the feature section of the Litchfield County Times. On Corporate Bankruptcy? Thanks so much Elena, for helping to inspire me to go after local media as a first step. I will continue to contact other newspapers and will look forward to more exposure!” I loved the title of her book as it is what many business owners go through in their own PR efforts – Stage Fright! We’re often afraid to get started in doing our own PR because of creative fear of rejection, overwhelm with how to start in the first place and general apprehension of of procrastination doing something new.

In the meantime, we keep looking over at the competition who IS getting media coverage and wondering when it will be our turn to shine in the spotlight. Read More→ Business Coaching (32) Time management (9) PR Resources (25) Small Business (40) Social Media (97) #FollowFriday (19) Content Marketing (12) What Is PR and creative university, How Do You Get It (133) PR Case Study (9) Press Releases (11) Copyright 2017 All Rights Reserved. To Increase Your Visibility

find media-sexy angles for your biz create your own media list and save hundreds of dollars pitch your story to eliot the metaphysical poets essay, journalists, bloggers and courses, other influencers always be ready for media exposure write your own press release with our paint-by-numbers template.

+20 Resume Objective Examples - Use Them On Your Resume (Tips) We glanced at your resume. And we want to tell you: Thanks, but no thanks. An employer who just threw your resume in the trash. Poor Michelle. Why aren’t employers looking at her resume? Michelle has a ton of job experience, but she is preparing to creative courses stanford, change her career. Michelle could have used a great resume objective to grab the recruiter’s attention and let the on corporate bankruptcy recruiter know that her resume is in the right place. The recruiter would have known from the beginning that Michelle was the right person for the job. Creative Writing Courses University. This article will tell you why good resume objective statements are important plus: What a good objective for a resume should look like.

When to write an objective on a resume. How to write a resume objective. And I will explain the differences between a general resume objective, resume summary, and resume profile. For industry-specific examples , keep reading. If you don't find a sample resume objective for roles essay, your industry, let us know in writing university, the comments and consequences, we'll write an example for you. A resume objective is a short, targeted statement or blurb at the beginning of a resume that reflects what you have already achieved, and how you are a perfect match for the position that is on offer. Outgoing Certified Public Accountant with an MBA and +2 years of experience in creative writing stanford, specialized tax services. Seeking to essay for family and friends, leverage my technical and professional expertise to creative stanford, grow in the new role of Accountant at your company. Seeking a job as mattress tester because I like sleeping and I can quickly fall asleep anywhere. Study Strategic Resource Stores. Here is a template from our resume builder . Notice how the sample resume objective stands out.

If you want to save time, get professional tips, and quickly write your resume, you can try our resume builder. Courses University. It's fast and easy to use. See more templates and create your resume here. So, what does objective mean? The dictionary definition of ‘objective’ (noun) is a goal or aim to get something specific. What is your goal for applying for a job? Employers know you want the the metaphysical poets job. You gave them your resume.

But, once upon creative courses stanford university a time, the resume objective definition was a statement that told hiring managers who you were and why you wanted the job. Comparing Hebrew Bible To Sacrifice As A. Resume Objective Statement Example. Want fun, stimulating job that pays me in tacos and a mountain of money every month. Oh, and fifty days of paid vacation. And a gym membership. Creative Writing Courses. Oh, and one of strategic human management stores, those people who follow you around and get you coffee - a personal assistant. Yes, one of those. You can write an objective for a resume like this and creative writing courses stanford, still get good jobs (kind of). But, some experts argue that it is no longer fashionable to include a resume objective like the resume objective statement example I just gave you. In fact, the general consensus is that the old resume objective format is a 90’s relics that is about as fashionable as wearing denim on denim. Because employers care more about what they want.

Surprise, surprise. Roles Essay. You aren’t writing a letter to Santa. When you send your resume to large companies in 2016, it could end up in a pile of creative writing courses, +250 other resumes on average. The modern recruiter needs to consequences, quickly scan each resume. They only have time to look for writing courses stanford, what they want and need. Attracting a recruiter's attention in the fastest, most direct way possible is now invaluable. So the t.s. the metaphysical poets beginning of the resume needs to creative courses stanford university, provide a different sort of information - the information that the the metaphysical essay recruiter wants and needs. Creative Writing Stanford. This is why the format for great resume objectives has changed.

Modern resume objectives have become a tool for showcasing your ability to achieve the employer’s objective not your own. Resume Objective Statement Example. Experienced chef interested in becoming a zoo keeper. Tons of essay for family, experience with picky clients who need to be fed with the right food at the right time. Creative Writing Courses Stanford University. Want to apply my patience and understanding of complicated clients to taking care of Comparing of the to Sacrifice of Jesus as a, angry lions at the Zoo. Pro Tip: A good resume objective needs to show that you are a perfect match for that position . You will need to creative courses stanford university, change the objective statement for a resume every time you apply for a different job.

You may also want to take a look at our guides and resume examples (here) for specific positions. So, if you apply for the metaphysical poets, 1,000 jobs how many good resume objectives do you need? Yes, that’s right - 1,000 resume objectives. You don't need to writing courses stanford, change everything, just re-tailor each objective on a resume to match the new job post. The topic of writing a resume objective is confusing. Gender Roles Essay. There seem to be about a dozen different names for what you can put in courses university, the space at the top of a resume. The resume profile layout gets called: career summary career objective personal profile statement profile statement resume summary resume summary statement summary of qualifications.

Here’s the thing - they are all basically the same. But, there are minor differences and you should not confuse them. Bankruptcy. Just remember: put your resume objective or summary at the top of your resume. You can choose one of our +20 resume templates, and use our resume builder to courses stanford, save time, and of procrastination essay, quickly create your resume here. Take a look at a sample resume below: When Do You Need a Great Resume Objective? When you're writing a resume, the first thing you will probably include after adding your contact information is some sort of stanford university, introduction. Think of this section as an elevator pitch that you've designed to sell yourself to the employer. The introduction comprises what you would say to the hiring manager if you were to of the Bible to Sacrifice of Jesus as a, pitch your resume face to face. A recent study by The Ladders has shown that recruiters will only spend 6 seconds looking at a resume.

So, you need to catch a recruiter’s eye immediately to make sure they keep reading. Creative Writing University. And the best way to make recruiters keep reading is to introduce yourself in a way they can't ignore . Okay, but let's go back to writing a resume objective for a resume. There are three main types of introductions for resumes: 1. Comparing The Offerings Of The Bible Christ As A Sin Offering. The Resume Objective. Creative Writing Courses University. 2. Essay For Family. The Resume Summary or Executive Summary. 3. The Resume Profile. Resume objectives are the introduction of choice for three types of creative writing, people: 1. Consequences Of Procrastination. People who are entering the stanford job market for culture gender roles, the first time.

2. People who are switching industries, changing careers, or need to explain an unclear career path. 3. People who are targeting specific positions. The rest of you might want to creative university, consider either a resume summary or resume profile . Or you don’t have to use anything if you don’t feel like it. You can just jump right into essay for family and friends, your experience or education section. It depends on what you think is most important and what you want a recruiter to university, see first. Culture. The Resume Objective vs. The Summary vs. The Profile.

Another reason why experts will tell you that general resume objectives are dead is because of the rise of the resume summary and the resume profile. Writing Courses University. Here are the differences: A resume objective is one or two lines at the beginning of your resume that state how you are a good fit for case strategic human, the position on offer. Creative Writing Courses Stanford University. This type of introduction is useful for people who have little or no work experience. Dump Truck Driver with a valid Class A Certified Driver's License (CDL) and 2 years of experience. Wishing to leverage my experience to fill the position of Truck Driver at your company. Zero accidents or injuries throughout entire career.

Obtain a challenging management position where I can develop myself creatively and become a high-level professional. A resume summary is also a couple of t.s. eliot poets, lines at creative courses stanford university, the beginning of your resume. But a resume summary statement will include a brief overview of for family and friends, work experience that matches the requirements of the creative writing position. Professional Dietician and Caterer with 6+ years in the foodservice industry. Culture Essay. Highly entrepreneurial and efficient at building and maintaining client relationships. Seeking to leverage my interpersonal skills to writing courses university, bring a solid customer service perspective to essay, the position of Catering Manager at your company. Creative Courses University. Professional Photographer seeking a full-time position taking picutres in the fashion industry. Culture. Bonus: Download actionable examples of real job descriptions and the resume objectives that match them. Resume Objective Examples for Your Profession (Download) For people who have work experience in the same field as the job for writing courses stanford university, which they are applying. If this is your case, make sure you read our guide: A Resume Summary That Will Get You The Job [7 Secret Steps] A resume profile lists your qualifications, experience, and case study stores, education in terms of the writing university company’s needs and values. It is exactly like a resume summary statement, just more extensive.

It can be formatted as a paragraph or as a list with bullet points. Eliot Essay. Let’s look at IT jobs for a moment. Creative Courses University. The resume profile structure works well for IT resumes because IT hiring managers want to see a list of all the different software and hardware you are familiar using. Analytical problem solver (6) with High School Diploma and 3.5 GPA (1). Undergraduate studying computer science with an emphasis on computer systems and architecture.

Strong exposure to Windows Server 2008 / 2012, Win7, and Microsoft Office 2010 / 2013 (2). Working understanding of remote connectivity software (RDP, Citrix, and Cisco VPN), Cisco switches, routers, and bankruptcy, TCP / IP networking (3 and 4). Experience with Microsoft Active Directory, administration, creation of user accounts, and Internet email (5). In the end, the real difference is whether or not you have quantifiable work experience . Pro Tip: Never confuse resume introductions with cover letters. Yes, it is still necessary to write cover letters. Cover letters introduce you to an employer and explain why your skills and experiences fit the job for which you are applying. An introduction to your resume does the creative writing same thing, but in a couple of lines at the beginning of your resume. Introductions reinforce what you write in your cover letter and case study strategic resource wal-mart stores, the experience you show in your resume.

Five Examples of writing courses stanford university, Resume Objectives for Specific Situations. In this section, I’ve put together a bunch of examples of great resume objectives for people in specific situations. These examples are for the three types of people I mentioned at the beginning of the article: People who are entering the job market for the first time (entry level). Essay. People who are switching industries, changing careers, or need to explaing an unclear career path. People who are targeting specific positions (professionals). A. Entry-level Resume Objective Samples. Entry level or first-time employees include: Recent High School graduates with zero work experience and no higher-level education. College graduates looking for their first professional job. People who have been out of work for longer periods of creative, time or have not worked.

If you are a person looking for your first job, you should focus on the traits that will make you a good employee. But you shouldn’t randomly pick three nice adjectives out of thin air. Look back at your accomplishments and activities as a student. Find traits that are easily displayed during those activities. Whatever it is that you did before as a student, pull traits from that experience that match the traits required for the job. Use your experience as proof that you actually have these traits later in the resume. A high school resume objective sample might look like this: Dedicated team player (1) (captain of the swim team 2 years) with proven leadership and communication skills. Seeking an opportunity to leverage my talents as a server at your restaurant (2) . I have the follow-through and positive attitude that will allow me to culture roles, achieve company targets (3) . Lead with your strongest trait. The traits you list should match the traits you marked as keywords from the job description. Here is the creative stanford university example of the server job description with the the Offerings of the Hebrew Bible as a keywords marked: Here is our career objective example again with the keywords highlighted: Dedicated team player (captain of the swim team 2 years) with proven leadership and communication skills. Seeking an opportunity to leverage my talents as a server at your restaurant.

I have the follow-through and positive attitude that will allow me to achieve company targets. If you have graduated from creative courses, university, your resume objective statement will look a bit different: Highly-motivated (1) Business Administration graduate (2) looking to culture gender, fill a position as a Management Assistant (3) . I am ambitious, hardworking (4) and want to find a company that I can grow with as I achieve their goals. 1. Lead with a strong trait. 2. Follow with the writing courses stanford university type of education you have and eliot the metaphysical, any work experience you have. Creative University. 3. State the of procrastination essay position you are seeking. 4. End with a sentence that emphasizes that you add value to the company. Let’s say you’ve just been out of the game for a long time. You took time off to be a full-time mom or dad, but now you want to go back to creative writing, work. If you have higher education or work experience, a good job objective for a resume will look the same as a university graduate or young professional's resume objective. Start with your education or your previous work experience - even if you gained it years ago. Maybe you have never worked and don’t have higher education.

What would a good resume objective example look like then? Organized and motivated (1) employee able to apply my skills (be specific - which skills?) in various environments. Seeking a position as an office assistant (2) in (name of company). I am personable and reliable and will prove to eliot the metaphysical, be an asset to the company. B. Transitioning Industries or Career Change Resume Objective Samples. You have experience, you just have it in creative courses stanford, another industry. A career objective for t.s. poets essay, a resume is a place for creative writing university, you to state that you are making a change and that where you were is relevant to where you are going. That way, a hiring manager doesn’t think your resume is in consequences of procrastination essay, the wrong place. What is this concert pianist’s resume doing in my pile of flight attendant applications?

A killer resume objective will answer that question right away so that your resume doesn’t end up in the trash. Accomplished (1) Marketing Manager (2) with 10+ years (3) of creative writing stanford university, experience in the retail real estate industry (4). Seeking to essays on corporate, use my background in creative writing stanford university, planning, overseeing, and implementing marketing campaigns (5) to take on of procrastination essay, the role of Brand Manager (6) at (name of company). I am creative and effective at presenting and developing the brands I represent (7 and 8) . Strong Trait (1) + Past Work (2) + Number of writing courses, Years (3) + Specific Industry (4) + Types of Duties (5) + Specific Position (6) + How these Skills will Translate (7) + Added Value (8) You could also add a reference to your education either at the beginning or end of the resume objective statement. C. Professional Resume Objective Sample: Applying for a Specific Position. This sample is for people who have the education and work experience but feel that a brief introduction will address an interest in a specific position. IT Professional (1) with 3+ years (2) of bankruptcy, experience in systems management and configuration at a large telecommunications company (3).

Aiming to use my proven technical, management, and communication skills (4 and 5) to effectively fill the writing courses stanford university position of Network Engineer (6) at (name of company). Possess a BA in Computer Science (7). Past Work (1) + Number of consequences of procrastination, Years (2) + Specific Industry (3) + Types of Duties (4) + Strong Traits (Keywords) (5) + Specific Position (6) + Your Degree and creative writing stanford, Training (7) Seven Tips How Not To Ruin a Good Resume Objective. 1. Culture Gender Roles. Here Is the Best Way To Be Credible. One of the benefits of creative courses, putting a good resume objective on a resume is on corporate, that it makes you stand out to creative writing, an employer at case strategic resource management, first glance. Unless you write a general resume objective like this one: Dedicated person interested in pursuing a job that allows me to creative writing courses university, use my skills to benefit the company. Remember? We already talked about this. This is the “Nice person applying for nice job at nice company” career objective that almost made it taboo to pur resume objectives on a resume at of the Hebrew Christ as a, all. The problem is writing stanford university, that it doesn’t answer any of the following questions: What job do you want to pursue? What skills do you have?

How will they benefit the company? Be specific. Avoid writing generic statements that could apply to any job seeker looking for consequences essay, any job in the world. Dedicated waitress interested in pursuing a retail sales position that allows me to courses university, use my interpersonal and customer service skills to essay, benefit the customer service goals of Awesome Jeans Incorporated. Now that’s specific. Pro Tip: Some experts will tell you that being too specific will box you in and hurt your chances if there are other jobs on offer. That may be true if you are not responding to a specific job offer.

In most cases, you will respond to specific job offers. They will include job descriptions that will tell you exactly what type of traits and skills the employer wants. Creative Courses. It won’t box you in if you show that you have everything they want in the first two lines of your resume. You will come across as the exact person they need to hire for the job. 2. How To Use Numbers To Attract Attention. Use numbers and details when possible: 2 years of experience 50% increase in sales 100 people in attendance at my event managed a team of 50 people saved 25 baby seals from poachers. My proven managerial and t.s., organizational skills were developed through 2 years of creative writing, experience creating a series of culture gender roles essay, events that drew over 100 people each. Stanford. Both of the Offerings of the to Sacrifice of Jesus Christ, these things will also help you avoid being generic and having a general resume objective on a resume.

The main question you should be asking when writing a resume objective for a resume: How are your skills and traits going to benefit the employer? This is especially important for writing stanford, people transitioning from one industry to consequences of procrastination, another. How does your past experience translate to your future position? Dedicated waitress interested in pursuing a retail sales position that allows me to use my interpersonal and customer service skills to benefit the customer service goals of Awesome Jeans Incorporated. We can see that the interpersonal and creative courses stanford, customer service skills that this waitress used at her old job can be used to help achieve the t.s. essay customer service goals of Awesome Jeans Incorporated. Read more about showcasing your skills here: +30 Best Examples Of What Skills To Put On A Resume (Proven Tips) You will find out what are the skills that employers desire most. Creative Writing University. Oh, and did I mention that the article comes with a fun and actionable infographic? Go check. 4. How Long Should A Good Resume Objective Be?

Make it short and sweet. Of The Hebrew Christ As A Sin Offering. Resumes are short documents. A career objective for a resume shouldn’t be more than two or three lines at the beginning of creative writing university, your resume. No one wants to t.s. eliot the metaphysical poets, read a novel about your job experience. Creative Writing Stanford. 5. Should You Use First Person Pronouns? Maybe you’ve heard a rule like: Don’t use pronouns or the first person on your resume. There is something called a “smart” third person approach that eliminates the pronoun and starts with an action verb. Instead of saying “I manage” you write “Manage.” When writing a resume objective in the third person and in the present tense, you are giving the employer a chance to imagine you transferring your skills and duties to their open role. It focuses on for family, the employer by leaving direct references to you out of the equation. But, like I said before, there are no real rules. As long as you are making a clear point and showing added value, it won’t matter that you used personal pronouns.

Also, what are you supposed to call the thing? As I mentioned before, there are endless names for writing courses university, the introduction section of essays on corporate, a resume. You can start a good objective for courses university, a resume like this: Or forget the title and just start writing. Make it work for poets, you. Write what’s comfortable and compelling. Pro tip: Most of the examples provided in the sample section of creative, this article start without a title. Because general resume objectives on a resume are seen as cliche and out of fashion, it might be better not to slap the label in front. 6. How To Use Keywords To Get Results. Consequences Essay. Instead of using a bunch of random, flowery adjectives like “hard working” or “dedicated” use the adjectives from the job description. Note: use “hard working” and “dedicated” if they are in writing courses stanford university, the job description. This is to Sacrifice Sin Offering, a form of keyword optimization.

All you need to do is go back through the job description looking for keywords. Creative Writing Courses. These keywords should be written throughout your resume. A couple of essay for family, them can show up in your resume objective as well. Whoever is looking at creative writing stanford university, your resume will probably start by scanning the document. Recruiters will be looking for the keywords they put in the job description, and if you add them to a resume and an objective in Comparing of the Hebrew Bible to Sacrifice of Jesus Christ as a, a resume, they will find what they are looking for right away. Do you want to know how to use keywords to tailor your resume to the job description? I'll show you in our actionable step-by-step guide: 6 Proven Tips On How To Tailor Your Resume To The Job Description 7. Most People Make These Mistakes - Do You? Okay. I lied. There are two rules you should always follow.

Never use the courses university word utilize and don't lie. Never use “utilize” in a job objective on a resume (or any unscientific situation for that matter) - just do not do it. You will sound pretentious. You will sound like you are trying too hard to sound intelligent. You will sound like someone who slips French words into conversations at parties.

There are only a few people who can do that without being embarrassing - French people. Consequences. Also, don’t lie about your traits or skills: If you hate people, then don’t say you are “friendly” or “bubbly” or have “good interpersonal skills.” Don’t say you hate people, just pick a different trait to emphasize. Writing a resume may seem scary and intimidating. You have to catch the stanford university attention of for family and friends, hiring managers within the first few seconds. Courses University. Writing a strong introduction can turn a glance at your resume into essays, a full read. Putting a great resume objective on a resume could be the one thing that keeps your resume on the hiring manager’s desk and out of the trash can. Courses. A good resume objective is key for anyone lacking professional experience. T.s. Essay. It signals to the person reading your resume that you are right for the job, even if you have never had a job.

Bonus: Download actionable examples of creative writing courses university, real job descriptions and t.s. the metaphysical poets essay, the resume objectives that match them. Resume Objective Examples for Your Profession.” Do you have any questions about courses, how to write a great resume objective for a resume? Leave a comment. We'll be happy to help. Natalie is a writer at Uptowork.

She loves writing about resumes and eating tacos more than life itself. She spends her free time reading complicated novels and for family, binge watching TV series.

Copying Machines Used to Make One or a Few Copies of New Documents, Mainly Outgoing Letters. Letter Copying Presses. Squeezed Out, Gov. Tilden's Message to creative writing courses the Legislature, Albany, NY, Mar. 19, 1875, Frank Leslie's Illustrated Newspaper , April 1875.

James Watt copying press, 1780 patent diagram. Dolphin Arch Copying Press. A number of eliot the metaphysical US manufacturers, including E.W. Courses Stanford University! Frost, New York, NY, and John Alexander, New York, NY, offered Dolphin letter copying presses in 1866-68. Prices at culture gender roles essay, that time were $6.50 for 9x12 to creative writing university $105 for 10.5x16.

Plates 4 - 6 show letter copying presses that were displayed at the 1851 Industrial Exhibition in London. Along with typewriters, letter copying presses are the t.s. eliot most common machines found in photographs of late 19 th century and very early 20 th century offices. Yates (Ch. 4-5) reports that the courses university Illinois Central Railroad used copying presses to make copies of outgoing letters in press books at least from the late 1850s to 1896, that the Repauno Chemical Co. stopped using press books in 1901 (p. 226), that the roles Scoville Manufacturing Co. was still using copy presses and press books for outgoing letters in 1913 (p. Writing Courses! 181), and that the Hagley Museum and Library has press books that were used in study human resource management, the 1930s (p. 283). The last U.S. President whose official correspondence was copied on a copying press was Calvin Coolidge (1923-29). (David Owen, Making Copies, Smithsonian , Aug.

2004, p. 92) Screw model letter copying presses were still marketed in creative writing stanford university, 1950, and Proudfoot reports that an organization in London, England, was still using press books in Comparing Hebrew Bible, the late 1950s. (W. B. Creative Writing! Proudfoot, The Origin of Stencil Duplicating , 1972, p. 32) Because of the size and weight of letter copying presses, numerous portable methods for pressing loose copies and copy books were also marketed during the case study stores 19th century. In a review of creative writing stanford office equipment at the 1851 Industrial Exhibition, Granville Sharp recommended that when an office was selecting a press like those in Plates 1-3, it should make sure that the stores handle was heavily weighted at the ends to insure proper spinning. Creative Writing! “This is essential to of procrastination a screw copy press; for unless one pull will serve to raise or to depress the plate, much time is lost.” In addition to creative stanford university the press, offices needed to buy copying books that contained up to a thousand pages of tough tissue paper, copying ink, copying paper dampers, oiled paper, and blotting paper. Sharp explained that before using the new press, the office had to decide how to organize its letters. Culture Roles! Production of copies was easiest if the user copied its letters into a single letter book in chronological order. In that case, the user needed to make an index so that letters of creative writing courses stanford university interest could later be retrieved. Alternatively, the office could organize its correspondence by client, which avoided indexing but made it necessary to use numerous copying books on consequences of procrastination essay a given day.

Although copies could be made up to courses stanford university twenty-four hours after a letter was written, copies made within a few hours were best. A copying clerk would begin by counting the essays bankruptcy number of letters to be written during the next few hours and by preparing the copying book. Suppose the clerk wanted to copy 20 one-page letters. In that case, he (copying clerks were men) would insert a sheet of oiled paper into the copying book in front of the first tissue on which he wanted to make a copy of writing courses a letter. He would then turn 20 sheets of tissue paper and insert a second oiled paper. The Offerings Hebrew Bible To Sacrifice As A Sin Offering! Sharp advised that “Success in writing courses, copying letters depends almost entirely upon the damping of the paper. The paper should be saturated and damp, not wet.” To dampen the tissue paper, the clerk used a brush or copying paper damper. The damper had a reservoir for water that wet a cloth, and the clerk wiped the culture gender roles essay cloth over stanford, the tissues on which copies were to be made. (See Plate 5A ) As an alternative method of t.s. eliot the metaphysical essay dampening the tissue paper, in stanford, 1860 Cutter, Tower Co., Boston, advertised Lynch's patent paper moistener ( Plate 5B ) with the claim that it does away with the use of the brush, wet cloths and dipping bowls, and dampens the paper sufficiently by a single roll of the machine. Next, letters were written with special copying ink, which was not blotted. The copying clerk arranged the portion of the letter book to culture gender roles essay be used in courses university, the following sequence starting from the front: a sheet of oiled paper, then a sheet of letter book tissue, then a letter placed face up against the back of the tissue on gender roles essay which the creative stanford university copy was to be made, then another oiled paper, et cetera , “oiled paper being in all cases placed next the damp paper, to prevent the ink forcing beyond the case resource management stores paper intended to receive it.”

Finally, “Close the book, put it into writing stanford university the press, and screw tightly down, letting it remain a minute or two under pressure, when the copy will be properly taken, and may be dried with blotting paper, or held near the of the fire.” Based on experience, the clerk could adjust the creative writing press time. If he made a copy soon after a letter was written, only a second or two was needed to make a good impression. When the of procrastination letter book was pressed, some of the ink transferred from the letters to the moist tissues in the book. Courses Stanford! Because the ink penetrated the tissues, copies could be read from the front sides of the tissues. Prior to the introduction of inks made with aniline dyes, the quality of copies made on letter copying presses was limited by the properties of the consequences of procrastination essay available copying inks. The first aniline dye was invented in 1856, and numerous aniline dyes were invented in the following two decades. Bedini (p. 193) reports that The growth of the aniline dye and ink manufacturing industries in Germany, which coincided with the earliest importation in writing stanford, 1868 of thin papers manufactured in Japan, brought a new popularity to the bound letter book. Plates 6AB and AC, Racine Automatic Copying Press, Racine Mall and Wrought Iron Co., Racine, WI, advertised 1901-05.

On the Racine press, the screw wheel was used only to adjust for the thickness of the book. Study Strategic Human Resource Management! Pressure was applied with the lever. Plate 6B , Wells Fargo Co. Copying Press. Writing Stanford University! Wells Fargo Museum, San Francisco, CA. Plate 4, Coalbrookdale Press 1851.

Plate 5, Imperial Press 1851. Plate 5A , Shriver's Copying Brush with Reservoir Handle holding water enough to essay dampen one hundred leaves of letter paper, T. Shriver Co., New York, NY, patented 1867, advertised 1868-86. Plate 5B , Lynch's Patent Paper Moistener, Cutter, Tower Co., Boston, 1860. Plate 6, Barrett Co. Press 1851. Plate 6A, Lightning Copying Press, R E Kidder, Worcester, MA, patented Nov 4,1884, advertised 1887. Plate 6AA , Very Large Copying Press, Standard Oil of Ohio, c. 1900. By the late 1870s, an improved method for moistening pages in copying books had been invented, and by creative courses university, the late 1880s it had been widely adopted. Rather than using a brush or damper to wet the tissues, the eliot poets clerk inserted a thin moist cloth or pad between each oil paper and the following tissue.

A supply of moist pads was prepared in advance using a copying bath, such as Hill's Blotter Bath, patented in creative writing stanford university, 1879 ( Plate 6B ), or Tatum's Ideal Copying Pad Bath, patented in 1887 ( Plate 7 ). Tatum also produced larger copying tanks that included wringers to remove excess water from Comparing Hebrew Bible of Jesus, copying pads. Writing Courses! The Globe Roller Copying Bath ( Plate 8 ), which was marketed by Globe-Wernicke Co. in the early 1900s, is an consequences of procrastination example of a copying tank. To prepare a supply of writing moist pads using the Ideal bath, the on corporate clerk removed the tray from the bath, poured water into the pan, and replaced the tray. Creative Writing Courses University! Also, the clerk sprinkled a set of pads, let them stand overnight, and then placed them in culture essay, the tray. “The evaporation from the water underneath will generally be sufficient to keep pads damp enough for ordinary work.” Plate 8A shows an 1886 Bailey's Letter Copying Machine with a Moistening Attachment on top. Plate 8D shows a Little Giant Copying Tank, which was priced at $9. Plate 8A , Bailey's Letter Copying Machine with Moistening Attachment, 1886 ad. Plate 8B , Office with Copying Pad Bath in front of Letter Copying Press. Plate 8C , Office with Large Letter Copying Press and Sink with Wringer for Preparing Moist Pads.

Plate 6B, Hill's Blotter Bath, B.B.Hill, Springfield, MA, patented 1879. See U.S. Stanford University! Patent No. Hebrew Bible To Sacrifice Christ As A! 216,738. Plate 7, Ideal Copying Bath and Instructions, Samuel C. Tatum Co., patented and advertised in 1887. Plate 7A, Williams Copying Bath, Williams Typewriter Co., patented 1891, advertisement with instructions. Courtesy of the Museum of Business History and Technology. Plate 8, Globe Copying Bath 1909 ad. Plate 8D , Little Giant Copying Tank, The Sam'l C. Tatum Co.,

Cincinnati, OH, 1898 ad. Plate 9 , Letter Copying Book, 1905. Plate 10 , Atmospheric Letter Copying Press, 1881. Plate 10A , Bushnell's Perfect Letter Copying Books, 1895 ad. Plate 10A2, Bushnell's Perfect Letter Copying Book, copyright 1885, cover and courses stanford university, instructions. Courtesy of the Museum of Business History and Technology.

Plate 10B , Cylindrical Copying Press, 1888. Plate 10C , Patent Simplex Copying Press, John Morris Co., Chicago, IL. Plate 10G , Book Copying Press, advertised c. 1920s, Germany. Plate 11A , Rapid Roller Damp-Leaf Copier, Office Specialty Manufacturing Co., Rochester, NY, c. For Family! 1889 ad.

Plate 11B , Rapid Duplicator, Rapid Duplicating Copying Machine Co., NY., NY, 1887 ad. The Process Letter Machine Co., Muncie, IN, offered the New Rotary Copying Press, a loose-leaf copier, in 1902. This machine was similar to roller copiers but copied onto creative writing stanford loose-leaf paper . The Cylinder Letter Press Co., Chicago, IL, and The Easy Machine Co., Marion, IN, offered different loose-leaf copier, the Cylinder Letter Press and t.s. poets essay, the Quick Easy Copying Press, respectively, in university, 1903 and roles essay, 1905, respectively. Plate 11E , Cylinder Letter Press, Cylinder Letter Press, Co., Chicago, IL, 1903 ad. Plate 11C , The New Rotary Copying Press, Plate 11D , Quick Easy Copying Press, Plate 12A , Polygraph 1803, National Museum of American History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC, on stanford loan from the Franklin Institute. Carbon Paper, Manifold Books and Typewriters.

Nevertheless, use of carbon paper was modest until the 1870s. Early carbon paper was messy, carbon paper did not make a satisfactory copy when the original was written with a pen, there was concern that carbon copies could be altered or forged, and carbon copies were not admissible in court. Carbon paper became more important after the late 1870s because of the introduction of the typewriter and greaseless carbon paper. Unlike the earlier carbon papers, the new ones were coated on on corporate only one side. Typewriters were able to creative writing courses stanford university produce up to the Offerings of the to Sacrifice Christ as a Sin Offering ten carbon copies along with an original.

Carbon paper for use with typewriters, available from John Underwood Co. Writing Courses Stanford! among others, was advertised in and friends, 1886 (A.C. Farley Co., The Purchaser , Philadelphia, PA, Feb. Writing Courses University! 1886. Hagley Museum and Library). Yates reports that in 1912 a government report stated that by the almost universal practice of business concerns, the carbon copy has supplanted the essays on corporate press copy as a record of outgoing correspondence. Writing Stanford! According to Yates (p. Of Procrastination! 48), This statement was based primarily on large businesses: many smaller companies continued to use the courses stanford university rolling copier and even press books for some years. Plate 13 , Agate-Tipped Stylus. Plate 13A , Lightning Copying Book and essays on corporate, Lightning Pen, 1879. Plate 13B , Stylograph or Rapid Letter Copying Book, 1883 ad. Machines Used to Make Many Duplicates.

Neither letter copying presses nor carbon paper could be used to make numerous copies of a document. Courses! Until the mid-1870s, offices had two options for Comparing the Offerings of the to Sacrifice as a Sin Offering, making many copies. They could go to creative courses stanford a commercial printer, or they could buy a small printing press. In the 19th century, commercial printers used platen presses for job work such as business cards, envelopes, billheads, and study resource wal-mart stores, circulars. (Harold E. Sterne, Catalogue of courses university Nineteenth Century Printing Presses , 1978, p. 217) Yates (Ch. 4) indicates that until 1876 the Illinois Central Railroad used commercial printers when it needed large numbers of copies of items such as circulars, and t.s. the metaphysical, that it continued to use commercial printers after 1876 when it needed multiple copies of documents to be distributed to the public rather than for internal use. The online Briar Press reports that small table top printing presses were made in the US as early as the 1830s. In the 19th century, commercial printers used lithographic presses to print such things as labels, stock certificates, bank notes, maps, insurance policies, and business stationery. Sterne (p.

203) reports that The fine detail and creative writing stanford, unusual calligraphy needed in this work was beautifully reproduced through the lithographic technique. In lithography, an image is created on or transferred to a flat polished stone, which serves as a printing plate. The image is on corporate bankruptcy created on the stone using a greasy crayon, or alternatively is writing university created on essay and friends a sheet of paper using greasy lithographic ink and then transferred to the stone. Next, printers ink is applied to creative courses university the stone. This ink adheres only to the crayon or lithographic ink. The stone is then covered with a sheet of paper, and the stone and paper are run through a press to Comparing the Offerings of the Hebrew to Sacrifice Sin Offering make a lithograph. In England, small lithographic presses were marketed to offices in the 1850s. One example that was exhibited in 1851 is the S. Creative! Mordan Co. Combined Lithographic and Copying Press ( Plate 14 ). To use this as a lithographic press, it was necessary to the metaphysical transfer a document image to a smooth limestone block. A second example that was exhibited in 1855 and described as suitable for the Counting House, Office, or Library was exhibited by Waterlow and Son of London in 1855 ( Plate 14AAA ). Courses University! Waterlow's advertisement stated: Nearly One Thousand of these Presses have now been sold, and are being successfully used in all Her Majesty's Government Offices, Public and the metaphysical, Private Schools, Railway Companies, Assurance Offices, and also by the most influential Bankers, Merchants, Clergymen, c., in the United Kingdom. The available evidence suggests that such lithographic presses were not used widely, if at all, in offices in the US.

William Tuttle and Benjamin O. Woods produced small lever presses in Boston, MA, by 1857. A lever press is a table-top hand-operated version of the creative writing larger foot-operated platen press used by commercial printers. Woods advertised small Novelty printing presses in 1870 and exhibited them at the Centennial Exhibition in 1876. The online Briar Press Museum has photographs of early Woods Novelty presses (1,2). W. A. Essay! Kelsey Co. began to market small lever presses in 1872 and continued to sell them for over a century. The online Briar Press Museum has photographs of early Kelsey presses (1,2,3,4). Creative Courses Stanford University! To the poets left is an illustration of a Kelsey Excelsior printing press from a broadside distributed at the Centennial Exhibition in 1876. Plate 14A shows a later Excelsior. Small lever presses were sold in a wide range of sizes by courses stanford university, numerous companies. Lever presses that printed items measuring 1.5 x 2.5 were as little as $2 while larger ones with the eliot the metaphysical poets essay capacity to print items as large as 11 x 16 were as much as $160. Plate 14, Mordan Co.

Press, 1851. Plate 14AAA , Patent Improved Autographic Press or Portable Printing Machine, Waterlow and creative writing stanford, Sons, London, 1855. Plate 14AA, Dunkerly Self-Inking Press, Providence, R.I.,1876 ad. Plate 14A , Kelsey Co. Culture Roles! Excelsior Printing Press, model patented 1893. Plate 14B , Patent Lever Self-Inker Press No. 2, 1889 ad. 14B2 , Printing Press, Press Museum, Istanbul, Turkey. Stencil Duplicating Machines.

Plate 14C , Zuccato's Papyrograph, The Papyrograph Co., Norwich, CT, 1878 a. Plate 15, Edison Electric Pen Stand 1876. Plate 16, Battery for writing university, Edison Electric Pen 1876. By early 1876, Edison’s copying system, which was produced by of the to Sacrifice, the Edison Electric Pen and Duplicating Press Co., was a commercial success. It was exhibited at the 1876 International Exhibition in creative writing university, Philadelphia.

In 1876, the essay Edison electric pen with the creative writing courses university duplicating press was advertised for $35 by case human wal-mart stores, Charles Batchelor, New York, NY. ( Publishers' Weekly , Vol. 10, 1876, p. Creative Writing Stanford! 109) According to human resource stores the Smithsonian Institution, approximately 60,000 were sold. However, sales were constrained by the fact that many office clerks did not have the skill or motivation to maintain the creative courses university complicated battery. A battery was necessary because central electric power systems were not introduced until the consequences of procrastination essay 1880s. Late in 1876, Edison licensed his copying system to the Western Electric Co., which manufactured it for several years. Creative Courses! By 1880, however, sales were in decline because of the development of competing technologies, including the Trypograph, Cyclostyle and Hektograph.

There were, however, some people who preferred the Edison system. T.s. Eliot The Metaphysical Essay! According to courses an 1885 testimonial, It may be of interest for one who has used the papyrograph and essays on corporate bankruptcy, the hektograph, but with no great satisfaction, to creative writing courses state that every other system always drives me back to Edison's electric pen as the neatest, readiest, and in every way the most satisfactory copying system. An experience of eight years with it has always been very satisfactory. ( Christian Union , June 4, 1885) A number of other companies marketed similar systems, including some with pneumatic perforating pens driver by foot-powered bellows. According to one contemporary account, a pulsating pen, driven by the foot like a sewing machine, rivals the for family Edison electric pen.

It is certainly lighter to write with, and requires no battery, with its acids, to writing courses stanford spoil clothing. This is on show by Ward Drummond. ( Christian Union , Oct. Of The Bible To Sacrifice Christ As A! 29, 1879) According to creative courses stanford an 1885 trade press discussion referring to the Edison electric pen, Other perforating pens working pretty much upon gender roles essay the same principle, with the exception that the motive power is supplied by courses, clockwork, have made their appearance in England. Case Human Resource Wal-mart! while a far more expensive and complicated method consisted of an induction coil which can produce a spark of sufficient power to perforate paper, which is made to pass continually between a pen of writing courses stanford metal partially insulated and a metallic plate upon which is laid the perforated paper. T.s. Eliot The Metaphysical! ( Geyer's Stationer , 1885) Plate 17, Edison Duplicating Press. Plate 18, Edison Press Electric Pen 1876. Plate 19 , Trypograph marketed by Zuccato Wolff, London. Plate 19A, Edison Stencil Perforation 1880. Image 1, Neostyle Wheel Pen, 1888.

Image 2, Cyclostyle, 1884. Image 3, Cyclostyle, 1885. Image 4, Cyclostyle 1884. Image 5, Cyclostyle, 1884. Image 6, Cyclostyle, 1884. The Stygmograph (Plate 21A) was advertised in 1884 as a copying pen for writing by hand on duplicating stencils. To prepare a handwritten stencil, A sheet of Mimeograph stencil paper is placed over the finely grooved steel plate and written upon with a smooth pointed steel stylus, and in the line of the writing so made, the stencil paper will be perforated from the creative writing university under side with minute holes, in such close proximity to t.s. poets essay each other that the dividing fibers of courses university paper are scarcely perceptible. After the operator has written a few lines, the operator moves the stencil upward over the writing plate so that a new portion of the stencil is on poets top of the writing plate. After the stencil is completed it is placed in the printing frame, by which the stencil is firmly held taut and in a position for rapid printing. After inking the university roller on the slate furnished for that purpose, pass it over the stencil sheet and a correct reproduction of the matter stenciled will appear on the paper which has been previously placed underneath. Ads claimed that these Mimeographs could make over 1,500 copies from a stencil.

A. B. Dick claimed to have sold over 80,000 Edison Mimeographs by 1892 and over 200,000 by 1899. The Offerings Hebrew Of Jesus! In 1889, Mimeographs were $12-$29.50, depending on size and whether they included the items needed for handwritten, typewritten, or both types of stencils. Edison Mimeographs continued to be sold in the early decades of the 20th century. The model numbers denote different sizes and features. In 1889, the models used for handwritten stencils were identified as No. 0 to creative courses stanford No. Roles! 5; the model for typewritten stencils only was No. 12; the courses university models for both types of stencils were No.

20 to No. Eliot Poets Essay! 25. Plate 21B , Edison Mimeograph, A.B. Dick Co., Chicago, IL, 1889 ad. Plate 22, Mimeograph No. 12. Plate 23, Mimeograph No. 12. Plate 24 , Edison Mimeograph Typewriter 1894. According to writing courses stanford an 1887 product review, the Rapid Duplicating and Copying Machine Co., New York, NY, produced a Rapid Duplicator machine that could produce close to 200 copies from a set of two or three stencils that had been produced simultaneously with a typewriter or by hand.

The Rapid Duplicator is essay illustrated in the top image to the right. The operator began with two or three sheets of creative courses stanford very thin paper resting on gender roles essay top of each other. Behind each of these sheets he then put a sheet of carbon paper with the carbon side facing up. He then typed or wrote on this sandwich, thereby producing 2 or 3 paper stencils, each with a mirror-image of the writing, formed by transferred carbon paper ink, on its back. Next, he fastened one of the stencils on the large roller on the machine, with the writing university carbon paper ink facing the outside. He inserted at essays bankruptcy, the left end of the machine blank sheets of paper that were to be printed. These blank sheets were automatically dampened and fed toward the right. A special roller squeezed excess moisture out of the dampened sheets.

The blank sheets passed between rolls where they were printed by being pressed against writing stanford, the stencil. The printed sheets exited at the right end of the machine. Of Procrastination Essay! If three stencils were made, the first was able to print around 75 sheets, the second between 50 and courses university, 75 sheets, and the third around 50 sheets. Plate 26, Mimeograph Presses 1896. Plate 24A , Rapid Duplicator, Rapid Duplicating and Copying Machine Co., NY, NY, 1887 ad. Automatic Cyclostyle, 1899 ad. Plate 25 , Automatic Cyclostyle. Plate 25A , Diagraph Stencil Printing Machine, 1895 ad. Plate 27A, Rotary Neostyle, Neostyle Co., NY, NY, 1898 ad.

Plate 27 , Rotary Neostyle, electric model, 1899. Plate 30, Edison Rotary Mimeograph No. 75, 1904. Plate 30A . Edison Mimeograph No. 78 with automatic feed, 1929 ad. Plate 30A1, Roneo Rotary Copying Machine, 1913 ad.

Plate 30B , Roneo Copier, 1906. Plate 30B2 , Office with Roneo Copier, Norway, 1914. Courtesy of the Offerings of the Hebrew of Jesus Sin Offering Harald Bohne. Plate 30C , Soennecken Copying Machine, 1913. Cyclostyle No. Writing Courses Stanford! 6. Plate 32, Mimeoscope, patented 1914-16, advertised 1920-30. Les Newcomer reports that the Heyer Hectograph Co. Consequences! sold a Hectograph kit as late as 1974 (tray, gelatin, a few sheets of purple inked paper, and that thick cover.

The tray was only 1/4 deep). I bought one from McCauley's Office supplies in Livonia, Mich., in that year to run a classroom newspaper. It was a whopping one column, one page. I ran it weekly for three months, until I ran out of gelatin and couldn't get a refill. In 1901, a different hektograph duplicating process was introduced in the U.S. (W. Courses Stanford University! H. Leffingwell, The Office Appliance Manual , 1926, p. 378.) Rather than using a gelatin pad, this process, which was invented in Germany in 1880 and essays bankruptcy, marketed as the Schapirograph, used a roll of paper coated with gelatin, glue, and glycerin.

This paper was feed from one roller over a flat surface to another roller ( Plate 34 ). The portion of the paper resting on the flat surface played the same roll as the gelatin pad in the hektograph. The paper roll was reusable because after a time any remaining ink would sink below the surface. These were advertised as late as 1922. The Commercial Duplicator, advertised by creative writing stanford university, Duplicator Mfg. Co. On Corporate! during 1913-17 (and probably longer), appears to have used a similar technology to creative stanford produce up to 100 copies of a document from the original itself written in consequences of procrastination, duplicator ink. ( System , Sept. 1913, front advertising section) Beginning in creative writing stanford, 1910, Ditto, Inc., sold gelatin duplicators that were essentially large mechanical versions of the Daus Tip-Top Duplicator pictured to the right. The Ditto process could be used for for family, up to 100 copies. Creative Writing Courses Stanford University! Plate 34A is a 1925 Ditto machine.

When preparing the original, hard bond paper and a special kind of ink [containing aniline dyes] are used. This may be in the form of a duplicating typewriter ribbon, a duplicating ink, or even an indelible pencil. The original is the Offerings of the Hebrew Christ Sin Offering placed face down on the copying surface and smoothed with the palm of the creative writing courses hand or a roller. It is then lifted off, having left its impression on culture roles the gelatin. The blank sheets are placed one at a time on the gelatin surface and allowed to remain a few seconds until the imprint is made. The Ditto machine in Plate 34A was $200. In 1925, other models were $117 to $395. The spirit duplicator, which was introduced in 1923 and creative university, which was marketed for several decades, evolved from the essay hektograph and Ditto machines described above. The best-known spirit duplicator company was Ditto, Inc. The Ditto process involved the creation of masters and stanford, the transfer of ink from masters to copies.

A Ditto carbon consisted of a sheet of slick, impermeable paper (the master) attached to t.s. the metaphysical the front of a second sheet that had on creative courses stanford university its face a coating of paste-like ink. When one typed or drew on the front of the master, a reverse image in heavy ink was transferred to the back side of the master. The master was then detached from the second sheet and attached to the drum of roles essay a rotary press with the creative writing courses stanford inked surface outward. When the drum was rotated, the inked surface of the master was wiped with a solvent such as spirit ether to wet the ink, and until the ink was exhausted impressions were made on papers that were fed under the drum. Plate 33 , J. R. Holcomb Co. Transfer Tablet Hektograph, Plate 33B, Lawton Simplex Printer, 1895 ad. The illustration shows three gelatin trays.

Plates 33C-D , Bottle for Composition for Hall's Patent Simplex Hektograph, England. Photo below shows instructions on bankruptcy back of bottle. Plate 34 , Daus Tip-Top Duplicator, advertised 1901. Plate 34A , Ditto Standard No. 2, as of 1925 Ditto Inc.'s most popular model. Plate 34AA , Model E-41, Ditto Division of Bell Howell, c. Writing Stanford University! 1950s. The Cylinder Duplicator Co., Philadelphia, PA, offered a cylinder duplicator in 1905. Culture Gender Roles Essay! The duplicator was a cylinder 9 long and 12 in writing university, circumference, containing a composition to receive a negative of pen or typewritten matter made with a duplicating ink. Duplicate copies were mae by running the case study strategic human wal-mart roller over blank papers. The maker claimed that the device would make 50 to 75 copies of letters written with a typewriter and 100 to 125 copies of creative writing university letters written with a pen. Plate 34B , Cylinder Duplicator,

In the 1880s, a number of office duplicators were introduced that used lithographic processes, but the stone was generally replaced by a zinc plate or even parchment. According to an 1880 description, the process of using Anderson's New Auto-Lithograph consists in writing the original document with chemical writing fluid with any pen on ordinary writing paper, and when dry this original is placed ink-side downward upon [a sensitive plate], and essay, left for creative writing, two or three minutes. It is then removed and a negative impression, in perfect and beautiful relief, will be found on the plate. The roller having been previously inked with copying ink is now passed over the negative, and it will be seen that all the lines will have taken the ink. A sheet of paper being laid upon this impression is smoothed over with the hand, and on removing it a perfect copy in permanent jet black will be obtained.

This may be repeated for a number of copies, and when they become faint the impression may be re-inked with the eliot poets roller and the copies will be as at first. When the requisite number of copies are taken, the writing stanford impression may be washed off with water and a sponge. ( Geyer's Stationer , Oct. On Corporate Bankruptcy! 7, 1880, p. Stanford University! 2) Black's Autocopyist ( Plate 35 ), which was introduced by 1887, used parchment secured in a printing frame. Essay For Family! To use the Autocopyist, one wrote on a sheet of paper with lithographic ink. This paper was then laid face down on the dampened parchment, and writing stanford, pressure was applied to the back of the paper, causing the lithographic ink to transfer to the parchment. Consequences Essay! Printing ink was then rolled onto courses university the parchment, where it adhered only to essays on corporate bankruptcy the lithographic ink. Creative Writing Stanford! Next, a sheet of paper was pressed onto the parchment to make a lithographic copy. Consequences! Ca.

1887, Autocopyists were $11 to $37, depending on size, and an ad claimed that 50,000 Autocopyists are already being used. Using a lithographic duplicator, one could make copies not only of handwritten documents and courses university, drawings but also of documents that were typed using a lithographic ribbon. Nevertheless, the market for these lithographic duplicators was limited because stencil duplicators and bankruptcy, hektographs were superior for writing stanford, most office applications, the essay exception being in reproduction of drawings. An 1887 review of the Columbia No. 2 index typewriter indicates the creative writing variety of duplicating processes that were available: In writing [with the on corporate bankruptcy Columbia typewriter] on prepared paper the writing can be transferred to a lithograph-stone, from which any quantity of copies may be secured. The writing may also be copied in an ordinary letter-book or transferred to a gelatine pad. ( The Office , July 1887, p. 130)

In 1932, the courses university Addressograph-Multigraph Corp. introduced the Multilith printing process (1932 Annual Report), a simple, revolutionary process of t.s. the metaphysical poets essay lithography which brings, to large and small users alike, the advantages of office lithographic reproduction. The sale of Multilith machines began in 1933. (1933 Annual Report) Early in 1939, the company reported that its Multilith line had developed into creative stanford university a large and important part of the company's business. (1938 Annual Report) Plate 34C , The Wonder Lithograph, The Wonder Lithograph Co., Corning, NY, 1887 ad. The Autocopyist Co., NY, NY, Multigraph Printing Duplicators.

Form letters were more likely to be read if they were individually addressed and of procrastination essay, were, or appeared to be, typewritten, rather than produced using a stencil duplicator or conventional printing press. The first commercially successful machine to stanford produce form letters that appeared to be typewritten was the Gammeter Multigraph, which was introduced by American Multigraph Co. in 1902. The next machine that produced such form letters with a distinct technology was the Hooven Automatic Typewriter, which is discussed in this Museum's exhibit on Special-Purpose Office Typewriters. A third technology that was used to produce such form letters was embodied in the Addressing Multigraph and the Addressograph Dupligraph. In 1907, ads claimed that Multigraphs could produce 3,000 to 6,000 letters per hour, depending on the skill of the essay and friends operator.

A Multigraph used by writing stanford, students is essay pictured in the 1911 catalog of creative Hesser Business College, Manchester, NH. Plate 36, Multigraph Printer No. 40, American Multigraph Co. Plate 36A , Multigraph Typesetter No. On Corporate Bankruptcy! 59. Plate 36B , Multigraph Printer (left) and Typesetter, 1916. Stanford University! 1915 Price for these two machines was $200. ( System , Jan. 1915) Plate 36C , Woman with Multigraph Typesetter (left) and Printer, Duplication Dept., Denver Public Library, Denver CO, c. 1930s. Denver Public Library, Western History Collection, X-27483. Plate 36E , Multigraph System, 1930 ad.

Plate 36F , Multigraph Set-O-Type Model 99, 1932 ad. Plate 38 , Printograph, 1909. Plate 38A , Writerpress. Plate 38B, Writerpress, Writerpress Co., Buffalo, NY, 1908 ad. Image shows one woman operating the press and essay, two others composing form letters by manually arranging type in writing, a holder. In 1924, the American Manicopy Typewriter Co. attempted to culture gender roles raise capital to produce the Manicopy Machine. The machine was based on US patents No. 1,301,146 and No 1,452,945 awarded to Chester A. Macomic, and was also called the Macomic Typesetting and Type Distributing Machine. A photograph of one of these machines is immediately to the left. Miss Stenographer merely sets a standard keyboard typewriter on the Manicopy Machine. She places a piece of paper in creative university, the typewriter and starts to write.

Plungers underneath the typewriter keys are depressed every time a key on for family the typewriter is struck, thus setting the type on the Manicopy. When she has completed writing the letter or circular, she turns a lever and the type which has been set on the line bars are conveyed automatically to the printing surface where the desired number of copies is printed automatically. After the job is completed, these line bars are returned to creative writing courses university their original positions automatically by turning a lever, and by turning another lever the type is instantly and automatically returned to its proper position without the type being touched by hand. The company planned to produce 12,000 Manicopy Machines a year and to sell them for $1,250 each.. We have found no evidence that the company raised the eliot essay capital necessary to go into commercial production. In 1924, American Multigraph introduced the creative writing courses Multigraph Keyboard Compotype, a complicated machine that enabled the operator to set Multigraph type by working at a typewriter-style keyboard. The Compotype composed the body of the form letter by stamping characters on strip aluminum and automatically assembling the strips of type--a line at a time--on a flexible sheet metal blanket. Comparing Bible Of Jesus! This blanket was then clamped on writing courses stanford university the drum of a Multigraph printer in order to produce form letters. The Compotype also produced address plates.

In 1927, American Multigraph introduced the Addressing Multigraph, which typewrites a letter, signs a signature, fills in the address and typewrites the envelope, all at a single revolution of the drum. The Addressing Multigraph used plates made with the Keyboard Compotype. Like Hollerith tabulating machines, Addressing Multigraphs were leased rather than sold to strategic human management wal-mart users. In 1947, Multigraph machines were sold to offices for a wide range of duplicating purposes, e.g., production of large quantities of blank business forms and promotional materials. (Addressograph-Multigraph, 1947 Annual Report) Plate 38D , Multigraph System, 1930 ad. Plate 38E, Multigraph Set-O-Type Model 99, 1932 ad. Photocopying Machines Used to Copy Existing Documents. One result of the difficulty of copying incoming documents is that offices maintained central files. Everett Alldredge of the writing stanford National Archives in Washington, DC, stated: Before the Xerox era [which began in 1960], every government agency had one central filing system. When anybody needed information he went to that central file.

But today, with the essay copying of courses university documents made so easy, many a government executive prefers to maintain files in his own office. (John H. Dessauer, My Years with Xerox, 1971, p. xiv) The blue process was a contact printing technology: photosensitive paper was placed in contact with the document that was being copied. A clerk began by using paper and chemicals (potassium ferrocyanide and ferric citrate) to prepare photosensitive paper. A draftsman used opaque ink to draw on paper that was translucent or that was subsequently made translucent with oil, melted wax, or various chemicals. Alternatively, a junior draftsman copied original drawings onto tracing paper with black India ink. Gender! The clerk then put a sheet of courses university photosensitive paper in the tray of a blue printing frame, covered this with the translucent original or India ink tracing, and covered this with a heavy glass plate that pressed the papers together.

The blue printing frame was installed so that the prepared tray could be pushed out a window into the sunlight ( Plate 39 ). The clerk exposed the for family and friends tray for anywhere from several minutes to an hour, depending on the brightness of the day, and used chemicals to fix the courses stanford print. Culture Roles! The result, a blue print, had a blue background where the photosensitive paper had been exposed to writing courses university light and white lines where the paper had not been exposed. The blue process was time consuming and impractical for duplication of typical office documents, however, even though by 1881 commercially prepared photosensitive paper for use in the blue process was available. Frames for use in exposing blue prints to the sun were still advertised in 1913. The Metaphysical! However, after the writing courses stanford development of electric illumination and installation of electrical distribution systems, blueprint machines were developed that operated indoors with carbon arc lamps. Essay And Friends! On these machines, the frames that held the stanford photosensitive paper and the original were in a vertical rather than horizontal plane. For an early photograph of one of these machines, click on the link to study strategic resource management wal-mart B. L. Makepeace, Inc., scroll down, and then click on the link to first blueprinting machines in New England . See also Plate 39A to the right.

In the late 19th century and writing courses stanford, early 20th century, a number of contact printing processes similar to the blue process but employing different chemicals were used to produce prints that differed in for family and friends, appearance, e.g., colored lines on white backgrounds. Plate 39A , Electric Blue Printing Machine, Vertical Type, 1913. Camera-Based Photocopying Machines. The Rectigraph Co. Creative Writing Courses! introduced camera-based photocopying machines in Comparing the Offerings of the Bible to Sacrifice Sin Offering, 1906 or 1907, and creative courses, the Photostat Corp. (an affiliate of Eastman Kodak) did so at some point during 1907-11. Rectigraph and Photostat machines ( Plates 40-42 ) combined a large camera and a developing machine and used sensitized paper furnished in 350-foot rolls. The prints are made direct on sensitized paper, no negative, plate or film intervening.

The usual exposure is ten seconds. After the exposure has been made the paper is case study resource management stores cut off and carried underneath the exposure chamber to the developing bath, where it remains for 35 seconds, and is then drawn into a fixing bath. While one print is being developed or fixed, another exposure can be made. When the copies are removed from the fixing bath, they are allowed to dry by exposure to the air, or may be run through a drying machine. Courses University! The first print taken from the original is a 'black' print; the whites in the original are black and the blacks, white. ( Plate 43 ) A white 'positive' print of the original is made by rephotographing the of procrastination essay black print. Creative Writing! As many positives as required may be made by continuing to photograph the black print. ( The American Digest of eliot essay Business Machines , 1924.) Du Pont Co. files include black prints of graphs dating from 1909, and the company acquired a Photostat machine in 1912. (Yates, p. 248, n. 81) A System , Sept. 1913 ad stated 20 Photostats used by the U.S. Government.

In 1911, a Photostat machine was $500. (Yates, p. 54.) In 1924, Photostat machines were $650 to $1,050, depending on maximum print size and attachments. The cost of materials per print was $.06 for writing courses stanford, an 11.5 x 14 print. Similar Rectigraph machines were $500 to $850. Plates 43A, B, C D , Large Photocopying Machines, including Agfa Repromaster 1600 on right. Press Museum, Istanbul, Turkey. Plate 40 , Photostat Machine, 1918 photo. Plate 40A , Photostat Machine, 1924. [Leffingwell 1926, p. 401] Plate 40B , Photostat Machine, Plate 40C , Photocopying Machine at Acacia Mutual Life Insurance Co. Photograph by Theodor Horydczak (c.

1890-1971) Repro. Of Procrastination Essay! No: LC-H814-T-1578-067. Library of Congress, Prints and Photographs Division, Washington, D.C. Courtesy of creative courses Good Old Things. Plate 42 , Rectigraph with Copy Board, Rectigraph Co., Rochester, NY.

Plate 43 , Photostat black print. Library of roles Congress, American Memory, An American Time Capsule. While invented in 1896, reflex copying technologies became significant during the 1920s and 1930s. Like the blue process, reflex copying was a contact printing technology. In reflex copying, a sheet of photosensitive paper was placed face down on an original, and the back of the photosensitive paper was exposed to writing courses stanford light. Consequences Of Procrastination! Light reflected from the original exposed the emulsion on writing stanford the front of the the Offerings Bible to Sacrifice as a Sin Offering photosensitive paper.

In the 1930s, Remington Rand sold Dexigraph reflex copying machines. In the 1950s, several companies, including Apeco, 3M, and creative writing, Kodak sold desktop reflex copying machines. Typically, an of procrastination original to be copied was placed face-up. It was covered with a sheet of translucent paper with a heat-sensitive coating. This is the sheet on which the copy would appear. Infrared light went through the creative stanford translucent paper, was reflected from the white portions of the original, and was absorbed by the black portions of the original. Consequences! The light that was absorbed by the black portions heated relevant portions of the heat-sensitive coating on the copying paper, and this created the writing university copy. This technology had numerous problems, according to Owen. It required expensive chemically treated papers, and copies smelled bad, were hard to read, were not durable, and wal-mart, tended to curl up into tubes. (David Owen, Making Copies, Smithsonian , Aug. Creative Courses University! 2004, pp. 91-97.)

For a history of of procrastination essay Apeco and the photocopying industry of which it was a part, see the creative writing stanford Harvard Business School discussion. Plate 44 , Apeco Auto-Stat, 1954 ad. Plate 44A , 3M Thermo-Fax, 1956 aa. Plate 44B , Kodak Verifax, 1958 ad. Electrostatic Photocopying Machines: Xerography. The first experimental electrostatic photocopy was made by Chester F. Carlson in 1938. Consequences! Carlson patented the xerography process, which was further developed by creative writing courses, the Battelle Memorial Institute and the Haloid Co. The first commercially successful machine to use the technology was Haloid's Model A Copier , which was introduced in 1950 (Dessauer). The Model A was not a plain paper copying machine. It was widely used to make paper master plates for offset duplicating with machines made by the Offerings of Jesus Sin Offering, the Addressograph-Multigraph Co. and others. The Haloid Co. Creative Courses Stanford! was renamed Haloid-Xerox Inc. in 1958.

The first plain paper office copying machine, the Xerox 914 , was introduced in early 1960 (Dessauer). Case Strategic Human Management! The Xerox 914 produced 400 copies an hour. After 1960, sales of the 914 increased rapidly and Xerox copying machines quickly became important in offices. In 1963, the company introduced its first desktop plain paper copier, the Xerox 813 . In 1965, the company introduced the courses Xerox 2400 , a large machine that produced 2400 copies an eliot the metaphysical essay hour. (For a history, see Dessauer 1971 and courses stanford, Owen 2004.) Plates 45 through 45C: Courtesy of Xerox Corporation. Plate 45 , Haloid Model A Copier. First manually operated commercial xerography printer. First automatic office copier to. make copies on plain paper. First desktop copier to make.

copies on plain paper. First Xerox high volume copier. (1) Granville Sharp’s advice comes from and friends, The Gilbart Prize Essay on the Adaptation of Recent Discoveries and creative, Inventions in Science and Art to essay for family and friends the Purposes of Practical Banking , Groombridge and Sons, London, 1854, including exhibits. (2) The Edison electric pen in Plate 15 is on display in the Information Age exhibit at creative writing courses stanford, the Smithsonian Institution’s National Museum of American History in Washington, DC. The Henry Ford Museum in culture gender, Dearborn, Michigan, also has an electric pen.

The Science Museum in London has a number of early copying machines, including a Watt portable copying press, a Trypograph, and a Cyclostyle. (3) W. B. Creative Writing Stanford! Proudfoot, The Origin of Stencil Duplicating , Hutchinson, London, 1972, and B. Rhodes W. W. Streeter, Before Photocopying: The Art and History of essay Mechanical Copying, 1780-1938 , Oak Knoll Press, 1999, are excellent illustrated histories of creative courses university early copying technologies. J. S. Dorley, The Roneo Story , Roneo Vickers Ltd., 1978, provides an the metaphysical illustrated history of the Roneo Co. (4) T. A. Russo, Office Collectibles: 100 Years of Business Technology , Schiffer, 2000, pp. 93-98, has a copy of Watt’s patent and photographs of a Watt portable copying machine and other early duplicating machines.

Copyright 2000-2016. All material on the Early Office Museum web site is copyrighted. All rights are reserved.

Essay on writing courses, Kashmir Flash Floods | India | Disaster Management. Here is an essay on case strategic resource, the ‘Kashmir Flash Floods’ for class 8, 9, 10, 11 and 12. Find paragraphs, long and short essays on ‘Kashmir Flash Flood’ especially written for school and college students. Floods in the state are linked to the Jhelum River and its history of crossing the danger mark and thereby inundating the ‘Valley’. Floods in Jammu and Kashmir aren’t exactly an uncommon phenomenon, if history and creative writing university indeed its geography is to be believed. Bankruptcy! Starting last week, the writing, state has seen an unprecedented amount of rainfall, resulting in its worst floods since 1959.

Floods in poets essay, the state are invariably linked to the Jhelum River and its history of creative writing courses stanford university, crossing the eliot poets, danger mark, its streams and rivulets overflowing and thereby inundating the stanford university, “Valley” (south Kashmir) in the process. While the scale of devastation caused by culture gender essay these floods is nothing short of courses stanford university, massive, with over 200 people having lost their lives so far, the Valley, along with the Jammu region has, over time witnessed floods occurring at regular intervals. According to Sir Walter Roper Lawrence in his book, The Valley of Kashmir (1895), “Many disastrous floods are noticed in vernacular histories, but the roles essay, greatest was the terrible inundation which followed the slipping of the Khadanyar mountains below Baramula in AD 879. The channel of the creative writing university, Jhelum River was blocked and a large part of the valley was submerged.” The other major flood to affect Kashmir happened in 1841, which Lawrence notes, “caused much damage to life and property.” However, the first flood of essay and friends, devastating proportions to hit the state came half a century later in 1893, when 52 hours of continuous and warm rainfall, beginning 18 July, caused what Lawrence describes as “a great calamity”. In 1893, he notes, “the flood cost the state Rs. Stanford! 64,804 in land revenue alone, 25,426 acres of crops were submerged, 2,225 houses were wrecked and 329 cattle killed.” In the aftermath of the 1893 floods, Lawrence noted an consequences of procrastination, interesting practice, where he wrote, “Marvellous tales were told of the efficacy of the flags of saints which had been set up to creative writing stanford university, arrest the floods, and of procrastination essay people believe that the rice fields of Tulamula and the bridge of Sumbal were saved by the presence of these flags, which were taken from the shrines as a last resort”. The Valley also recorded major floods at the turn of the century, with the most devastating one coming 10 years after the 1893 disaster. Creative Stanford University! The floods, which in the day were classified as the “greatest flood ever known”, came down the Valley and Srinagar on 23 July 1903, converting the city into “a whole lake”. According to Saligram Bhatt in case study strategic management wal-mart, his 2004-book “Kashmir Ecology and creative writing courses stanford Environment: New Concerns and Strategies”, the of procrastination essay, water level in creative courses, the 1903 floods were higher by 3 points as compared to the one that had hit the state a decade earlier.

Bhatt wrote, “7,000 dwellings went down in the neighbourhood of the city, including 773 on t.s. eliot the metaphysical poets, the Dal Lake.” For the next quarter of a century, the Valley did not record major floods in the valley, largely thanks to lessons learnt and reparative measures which were put in place. However, in writing courses, 1929, the Valley grappled with yet another major flood, which mainly affected parts of what is today Pakistan-occupied Kashmir. Jammu and Kashmir Hit by Devastating Floods: About 22 air force helicopters and four aircraft were deployed to strategic human wal-mart, evacuate stranded people and to deliver relief. While the Valley stayed relatively flood-free for the following two decades, immediately after independence, Kashmir was hit by a flood in 1948. Two years later, in September 1950, another major flood hit the creative, state, with nearly 100 people losing their lives.

The flood was, rather unsurprisingly, caused by the Jhelum’s overflow. According to a Hindustan Times report from Jammu, “more than 15,000 houses have either collapsed or been damaged and over 100 people lost their lives in the heavy rains and floods in Jammu district.” The then Maharaja of Kashmir, Hari Singh, donated a sum of Rs. 24,000 for the relief of flood victims, while the Maharani donated Rs. Gender Essay! 10,000. In August-September of 1957, another major flood was recorded in Jammu and Kashmir, with the writing, Valley feeling its devastating impact. Essays Bankruptcy! The floods almost submerged the entire valley. In a Hindustan Times dispatch from Jammu (Sep 2), the then Prime Minister of creative writing, Jammu and Kashmir, Bakshi Ghulam Mohammad was quoted as saying that, “the floods recorded in Jammu and strategic human resource management wal-mart stores Kashmir were the highest ever recorded in the state, and creative courses stanford university that the and friends, damage caused by courses them was colossal.” Two years later, in July 1959, the state witnessed yet another massive “glacial” flood, perhaps its worst ever at the time, when four days of incessant rains lashed the valley and Hebrew Bible Christ Sin Offering Srinagar, triggering the creative, Jhelum.

The Hindu reported, “The swirling flood waters of the Jhelum River touched 30.25 feet on 5 July, over six points above the danger level.” The rainfall that lashed the state was so severe that then Prime Minister Jawaharlal Nehru, who was enroute to a survey of the damage caused by the floods, had to return to essay and friends, Delhi less than five hours after take-off from Palam. In a statement, the writing courses university, Prime Minister said, “I spent a day in the Kashmir Valley yesterday. There can be no doubt about the calamity that has descended upon the Jammu and Kashmir state because of these floods and the tremendous damage they have done. What is distressing is that many of the development works which have been built up in recent years have been washed away and the Offerings of the Christ as a Sin Offering we have to start anew. Both the state and the central government will give help.” While the state did witness floods thereafter in the following three decades, the creative stanford university, one in 1992 was unprecedented in on corporate bankruptcy, terms of its fury.

Recording its heaviest rainfall since 1959, the 1992 floods were most devastating, purely in terms of casualties. According to newspaper reports from 1992, over creative stanford, 200 people lost their lives and the floods left over 60,000 people marooned in several north-western border districts. However, it is also worth noting that parts of Pakistan-occupied Kashmir bore the brunt of these floods, with over 2,000 deaths reported in that part. While flash floods in the region, mainly triggered by a combination of heavy rainfall and landslides are common, the state has also witnessed massive floods caused by consequences essay a cloudburst in the Leh- Ladakh region of Jammu and Kashmir. The cloudburst, which occurred on courses stanford university, 6 August 2010, triggered flash floods in the area after a night of heavy downpour.

While it only lasted for half an hour, the devastation caused by the cloudburst was enormous. It destroyed many buildings in the city of Leh, including hospitals and several communication lines that connected it with the rest of the state, and indeed the country. Over 250 people were reported dead in the floods triggered by the cloudburst. The dredging of rivers carried out in the last decade has not helped the situation. In fact, it has made it worse in certain cases — for example, the Doodhganga and Rambiyaar tributaries of the of procrastination, Jhelum. As the floodwaters carried a high sediment load, the creative writing courses, sheer force swept away the bridges and roads that embank these turbulent streams.

The state has a specific objective to generate electricity from run-of-the-river projects and has no dams. The construction of large dams is not permitted under the Indus Waters Treaty. As Kashmir is yet to fully exploit its run-of-the-river power generation potential, this was not seen as a limitation. But the state is vulnerable during intense precipitation, the incidence of which is likely to increase if global climate change patterns replicate themselves in resource, the Himalayan region and intensify extreme weather conditions. Strategically placed, dams could hold large quantities of water from the Jhelum’s tributaries.

The confluence of the Veshav, Lidder and Rambiyaar into the Jhelum within a few kilometres of each other in south Kashmir could prove dangerous for Anantnag town and adjacent areas. This is writing stanford university, a good example of where a dam could be employed to gender roles, good effect. The Sendh and Doodhganga basins could similarly benefit from such a strategy. Wularlake near Sopore also presents a natural water-storage option. Its capacity to creative courses university, hold a large quantity of water could be enhanced, as envisaged by the Wular navigation project, to Comparing, provide security against the threat of inundation in north Kashmir.

But the projects would have to be accommodated by the Indus Waters Treaty first. Dams upstream on creative writing courses university, the Jhelum, Chenab and Indus, however, could have helped keep water levels low and prevent breaches. Policy-makers in Pakistan must understand this well. However, the threat of dams being used as strategic weapons is something that has prevented the political leadership in Pakistan from recognizing their larger benefit. The stalling of the Wular project on the Jhelum is a clear example of this mindset.

How can the lack of trust be overcome? The answer lies in the participation of JK in future negotiations over the Indus waters. The state could wield greater control over the river waters, which should be distributed by the terms of the Indus Waters Treaty to provide Pakistan a guarantee against strategic wartime usage. Through collective monitoring and the exchange of real-time water discharge data, trust could be further built between water management authorities on Comparing of the Bible of Jesus Christ, each side. And given the fact that dams would be essential to control floods, holding back water would also be detrimental. Courses University! For India, this would be a win- win situation. Industry and growing metropolises could use the hydropower generated in Kashmir. Power is central to India’s growing economy and hydropower provides an easy option for the country to t.s. the metaphysical, decrease its reliance on coal. Cooperation over water is not a new feature of creative university, India-Pakistan relations.

In fact, it is the sole area where diplomacy between the two countries has been largely successful. Water has been identified as an area of renewed interest in the composite dialogue. The Kashmir floods are a reminder that its scope should be further widened. Reasons for Floods: 1. Institutional Failures: (a) IMD: The immediate and essays on corporate bankruptcy recognizable cause of the Jammu and Kashmir floods was heavy rainfall. In the week ending on September 10, Udhampur, Reasi and Kulgam districts received much higher rainfall than the State average rainfall for writing courses stanford the week (268 mm), which was evidently going to have disastrous implications. Yet, curiously, none of the local, State or Central agencies saw the consequences of such heavy rainfall. There was sufficient time before the water from the rainfall reached Srinagar or other upstream areas of the Jhelum basin, and culture Jammu and other areas of the Chenab basin, but no agency provided any warning to these vulnerable areas. (b) The Central Water Commission, India’s premier technical body in water resources, which is supposed to provide forecasts of floods in all flood-prone areas, failed miserably in giving any information on river flow that would have warned the people in the downstream areas. (c) The State Department of Irrigation and Flood Control which manages State water resources and the flood control system did not monitor and maintain embankments or provide any warnings when they were breached.

This means even in the State capital, people had absolutely no idea of the impending disaster till the waters entered their houses and stanford colonies. 2. Increasing Interventions: The encroachment of riverbeds and flood plains and the destruction of the once-abundant lakes, wetlands, marshes, flood channels and other water bodies and areas exacerbated the disaster. Wetlands act as a sponge, and their loss is bound to have serious repercussions. Construction of buildings in such areas have not only made these buildings vulnerable but also reduced the t.s. eliot the metaphysical, flood absorption capacity of these areas, thus making other areas vulnerable too. i. A report by the Bombay Natural History Society has mentioned that the Wularlake, once spread over 20,200 ha, has shrunk to writing courses university, 2,400 ha. ii. The Dal Lake in Srinagar has been reduced to for family and friends, almost half its earlier size, to 1,200 ha.

iii. Creative Writing Stanford! According to consequences essay, the Centre for Science and creative writing courses university Environment, over the last century more than 50 per cent of the lakes, ponds and wetlands of Srinagar have been encroached upon. iv. The banks of the Jhelum have been overrun, reducing its drainage capacity. The story is the same with the Tawi in Jammu. Flash floods in this river washed away some 400 buildings and inundated scores of study resource management stores, colonies, many of them in breach of the creative writing stanford, Jammu Master Plan. v. Major interventions are expected to take place in the Chenab and Jhelum basins including about 40 hydropower projects in each basin of Comparing Bible as a, various sizes and in various stages of development. Creative Writing! Each of these projects involve the construction of dams, water storage, tunnels, blasting, diversion of rivers, deforestation, construction of roads and resource management wal-mart stores colonies, and mining of materials on creative writing courses stanford university, a large scale, and dumping of millions of cubic metres of muck from each large project. The Chenab basin is, in fact, home to the largest capacity of human resource wal-mart, hydropower projects under construction in India compared to writing stanford, any other basin. 3. Climate change footprint:

Such extreme weather events, whose frequency is already on the rise in the Himalayas at a greater rate than global averages, there is an undeniable climate change footprint. There was a column in the Hindustan Times titled “Kashmir and Uttarakhand: We are a disaster when it comes to disasters” asks why we are not learning lessons from Comparing the Offerings Hebrew to Sacrifice of Jesus Christ as a Sin Offering, these events, and comes to the conclusion that “disaster preparedness is just not there in our DNA”. Before blame is pointed at any state or national government agency it is worth reflecting on the scale of the challenge India faces. Climate change is responsible for the increasing trend in the number and intensity of extreme weather events (reiterated again this year by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change in their latest report). However, an creative writing courses stanford, extreme weather event only consequences essay becomes a disaster when it hits assets and causes loss of life and livelihood. Even if climate change was not a factor, scientists tell us that disasters are getting more destructive as people are more exposed to floods and other such events.

Preparing for a disaster does not just mean putting in place early warning systems and protocols for evacuations. Preparedness is fundamental to the way we plan and do development. Environmentalists and journalists are already starting to make claims about why the floods in Jammu and Kashmir have caused so much destruction, among them: deforestation in courses stanford university, the catchment areas of rivers, unplanned construction in flood plains, rampant dumping of garbage in the Offerings Bible to Sacrifice as a Sin Offering, the rivers, and overuse of chemical fertilizers by farmers. Development should protect against the risk of courses stanford, disasters, rather than increasing the risk. This requires understanding and case study strategic resource acting upon disaster risk in plans and decisions.

India’s 2005 Disaster Management Act calls for exactly this. Creative Courses Stanford! So is it happening? Research from different states across India suggests progress is sporadic, uneven and only just beginning. There are many well-documented reasons why planning and development continues to essay for family and friends, sideline the risks associated with natural disasters. But, there are also opportunities, and examples of when state, district or city governments in courses stanford, India are getting it right. The suffering caused by essays disasters should ensure it becomes a political priority, but recent history suggests that the status quo returns quickly after the event. For example, in a district in creative courses stanford university, Sikkim regularly affected by landslides, there is a widespread perception among communities, civil society and government officials, that where and how new roads and dams are being built is increasing the risk of landslides. But, political interest in these construction projects, and failures of the planning process, mean construction continues as usual. Understanding exactly where and how people and places are at essay risk is next. In Uttarakhand, a comprehensive process will soon start.

This will give the Government the evidence to identify whether to mainstream disaster risk into development initiatives and how to creative writing courses stanford university, do it. Identifying risk and mitigating it is not always straightforward. For example, in Leh district in Jammu and Kashmir, the planting of of procrastination, trees on the edge of streams — to tackle climate change — actually exacerbated the impact of the 2010 flash floods, because the trees fell into the streams forming dams which when they broke proved disastrous. This is a classic case of why addressing climate change and disaster risk cannot be separated. There is an assumption that it is more expensive to invest in disaster-resilient development, such as drought-resistant crops and flood proofed roads. A cost-benefit analysis for the housing sector shows this is writing courses stanford university, not always the case. The cost of building homes that can withstand floods is strategic human management wal-mart, far lower than the cost of repairing homes that cannot stand when a flood does hit. Finally, once the why and how has been addressed, then the party responsible for managing disaster risks needs to be established. In Gorakhpur district, in stanford, Utter Pradesh, data over the past 100 years show a considerable increase in Comparing the Offerings of the Christ as a Sin Offering, intensity and frequency of creative writing university, floods, which are now occurring almost every three to four years. Government departments there now recognize it is their shared responsibility, and are working together to consequences of procrastination, address the writing courses stanford, risk of flooding.

This could be a model for others. Rather than leaving it as theory, there are opportunities now to build the risk of flooding and other natural disasters into future development programs in the Himalayas and throughout India. For example, the federal government has committed 10 billion rupees (about $164 million) for relief and reconstruction in Jammu and Kashmir. This is much needed, but if it were spent smartly it could also protect local communities against the risk of future flooding. Investing in development that also reduces disaster risk will help break the cycle of tragedy. Before uploading and sharing your knowledge on this site, please read the following pages: