Greek mythology essay paper

apa short essay It’s been my experience that there are two kinds of mythology essay people in this world: those who can handle chaos and are happy to let the pieces fall where they may, and pace university essay those of us who chase those people around trying to prevent disarray in the first place. We like neatness. Tidiness. Orderliness. I covered the greek mythology essay paper, importance of essay formatting and what it entails in collected p science a previous blog post . So go check it out greek mythology if you haven’t already. Collected Essay. I’ll wait here. Greek Mythology. In this post, we’re going to drill down into the specifics of general haig gcse coursework APA formatting and how to ensure your essay looks just right . “APA” stands for “American Psychological Association,” a professional organization for, well, psychologists. However, the organization’s official style guide, which is called the Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association , is used by students and professionals in a number of essay paper disciplines.

But if you just want to quickly learn the basics and haig gcse turn in a tidy, well-formatted essay, keep reading! What Are the greek mythology paper, Most Important Elements of essay with APA Essay Format? There are a couple of little formatting details you can take care of right off the bat as they will apply to your entire paper. Last but not least, the entire document—from the cover page to the reference list—should be double-spaced with paragraphs indented 1/2 an inch. One of the distinguishing features of an APA-formatted essay is the greek mythology essay paper, running head. This is a short version of corruption of power essay your title—fewer than 50 characters—that appears in the header of your document, justified with the left margin. On the mythology paper, first page of your essay, usually the cover page, the running head is preceded by the words “Running head” followed by a colon.

On subsequent pages, though, the running head is just the title. If you need help making your header different on phd dissertations, the first page, check out this helpful tutorial from essay paper Northeast Lakeview College. Don’t you feel better just thinking about snuggling with it? Pro tip: Make sure that your running head is descriptive enough to give the reader some idea of the content. Mla Format Essay Quotes. If the title of greek paper your paper is “Never Too Old: The Calming Effects of Blankies for College Students,” for emerson, instance, your running head should be something like “EFFECTS OF BLANKIES FOR COLLEGE STUDENTS” rather than “NEVER TOO OLD” or just “BLANKIES.” While we’re on the subject of the header, let’s go ahead and mythology paper talk page numbers. In APA style, you include the page number in the header of every page . As you can see in the examples above, the page numbers should be right-justified opposite your running head. Mla Format Quotes. Another key element of APA essay format is the cover page. While the greek essay, use of a cover page is not unique to APA, the manual does specify a preferred layout, which includes not only the aforementioned running head, but also the following elements: The full title of your paper Your name The name of your school (or wherever you are doing your research/writing). These items are roughly centered on the top half of the page and, like the rest of your essay, are double-spaced. APA papers often include an abstract, which is a short (150-250 words) summary of your essay, including brief descriptions of your topic, purpose, methodology, and/or findings. The point of an gcse abstract is to paper, inform potential readers of your essay’s topic and purpose so that they can determine whether the essay is useful or relevant to macbeth corruption of power, their own research.

Whether you need to include an abstract depends partially on greek paper, the whims of your instructor, so if you aren’t sure, just ask! After formatting the abstract, move to a fresh, new page to begin the body section of your paper. We’ll combine two steps here to simplify things and save your eyes a little reading. First, you need to restate the quotes, title of your paper. This serves as a label to mythology essay paper, signify the start of the actual paper. I know, it seems sort of silly with the running head right there for general haig gcse, all the world to see. But silliness aside, it is an mythology essay paper APA requirement, so we’ll comply. Then, it’s time to set up the introduction.

I’m trying to save you from one of the most common errors I see in APA-formatted essays: a labeled introduction. You see, the folks at the APA assume that readers are smart enough to electrical engineering, know that the first section of a paper is the introduction. (And really, aren’t they right?) Besides that, it’s a small detail that will make you look like you really know your stuff. Here’s how the first page of the body of your paper should look: After your introduction, though, there’s a good chance that you will want to use headings for specific sections of your paper. Let’s look at how you should handle those. Block quotations (40+ words in length) Sometimes, you’ll find a particularly meaty quote that you cannot resist adding to your paper. Just remember that, if the quotation is more than 40 words in length, you need to create a block quotation. The closing punctuation also goes immediately after the text of the quote, and no period goes after the paper, parenthetical citation. Check out these examples from the pace university entrance essay, APA blog to see block quotes in action. We’ve covered the formatting of APA references pretty extensively in past posts.

Read APA Citation Made Simple (it includes a handy infographic!) or How to Write APA Citations in 4 Easy Steps if you need to review those guidelines. First, center the word “References” (no quotes) at the top of the greek essay paper, page—no bold, no italics, not followed by a colon. Corruption Of Power Essay. (I see all of these variations pretty frequently.) Let me reiterate: Next, be sure that you list your entries in alphabetical order according to the author’s last name (or whatever comes first in the entry). Double-space the list, but do not leave an “extra” space between entries. Basically, there should be one full empty line between each line of greek text (because of the double-spacing). Use a hanging indent so that the first line of each entry is aligned with the left margin. Second and essay h lovecraft p science subsequent lines are indented ? inch. Here’s an example reference list: APA Essay Format: Putting It All Together (Plus Some Handy Resources) Annnnd … that’s the end of the paper! You’re done formatting. You can totally remember all of this, right? It’s not going to stress you out to comb through this in-depth explanation every time you write a paper using APA essay format?

You can print it out, mark it up, doodle your crush’s name in the margins—oh, and check off all of these APA formatting concerns as you revise or edit your paper. Greek Mythology Essay. To make these rules even clearer, I thought it would be helpful to show you what a short and silly—but complete!—essay looks like in APA format. Click the link below to open the paper in phd dissertations engineering Google Docs. You can compare your essay draft to this example to make sure you’re on the right track as you write. Mythology Paper. With the checklist and corruption of power essay example essay I’ve provided, you have the tools you need to format an greek mythology essay paper APA-style paper that would make even the neatest neat freak proud. Need a second set of eyes to emerson, make sure everything is just right? Run it by a Kibin editor—most of us are one of those people we talked about at the beginning.

Psst. 98% of Kibin users report better grades! Get inspiration from over greek 500,000 example essays. About the Author. Erin H. has been wowing Kibin customers since her first edit in August 2013. She is now Kibin's community manager and a regular contributor to Kibin's blog. She lives in Indiana with her husband and mla format essay with quotes daughter. If the mythology essay paper, service of online writers like paper written com are good, you can easily get best work.

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a leadership essay The old leadership style mostly benefits the leader, the follower just being means to an end, whereas the new leadership empowers, includes and benefits everyone, recognizing each individual not as means to an end, but an end themselves, focusing more on greek paper, the complex processes and development of the team and not just the product goal itself. The inner workings of the team also differ significantly when comparing the old and the new leadership style. There is essay, interdependence among the team members. As situations change, leadership relations change. Greek Mythology Paper. Leadership cannot be transactional. It can only work if both parties keep their agreements. A class survey was held to compare leaders to managers. The overall opinion was that they are similar in many ways. A leader and a manager can be one in the same. The difference between a leader and a manager is that a manager directs and a leader motivates. Leaders make the rules.

Managers enforce the rules. Leaders make the policies. Managers enforce the. direction, or being macromanagers. Sometimes participative leadership is carried to extremes. Team members are consulted about phd dissertations electrical trivial things that management could easily handle independently.

Another problem is that many managers still believe that sharing decision making with members reduces their power. If democrat leadership goes one step further, the result is extreme macromanagement, which is referred to as the laissez-faire leadership style. A study conducted with 4,500 Norwegian employees found. definition — Leadership is greek essay paper, a process whereby an corruption of power individual influences a group of individuals to achieve a common goal. Leaders carry out this process by applying their leadership knowledge and skills. Greek Mythology Paper. This is called Process Leadership However, we know that we have traits that can influence our actions. This is called Trait Leadership in that it was once common to believe that leaders were born rather than made. Phd Dissertations Electrical Engineering. These two leadership types are shown in the chart below While leadership is learned. (Maxwell, 2003) Leadership and management are crucial for greek mythology essay, success. Leadership is a quality hidden in the personality of a human being. Human personality is very complex and it is very difficult to grade individuals according to one’s personality.

Leadership, on the other hand, depends on the organic structure of the personality which includes experience, skill, responsibility, intelligence, power of collected, organizing people and social interaction. Leadership is an indispensable activity, which every. Leadership Quarterly, 3(4), 271-305. Copyright @ 1992 by JAI Press Inc. All rights of reproduction in any form reserved ISSN: 1048-9843 Faculty of greek mythology essay, Management, University Campus, 272 LEADERSHIP QUARTERLY Vol. 3 No. Pace University Entrance Essay. 4 1992 Rotter, 1985). There is a consensus among scholars that expectations and motivation are positively associated.

However, none of these theoreticians has proposed that we apply knowledge of this relationship by purposely raising worker expectations. Essay about Leadership Development and Leadership Effectiveness. in order to sustain long-term effective leadership practices and greek essay paper high organizational performance. Macbeth Of Power. This paper presents some of the leadership development initiatives discussed in the literature and argues that the institutionalization of a comprehensive leadership development program in the fabric of an organizational culture is essential to ensure leadership effectiveness and high organizational performance. Leadership development Institutional leadership development can be de?ned as planned and. Greek Essay. bend some rules, because ‘life’ does not always fit into a system. A characteristic of leadership I find very important is accountability. If you lead, you must be held accountable. I enjoy the responsibility of accountability.

I want to phd dissertations know that my followers are pleased with my leadership. I enjoy feedback. No one wants to be lead astray. Lastly, I believe one of the most underrated characteristics of leadership that I posses is mythology, enthusiasm. How can you inspire others to share your vision if you seem. models are trying to summarise best leadership styles appropriate different situations. At this time by reason of different situations, more respects need to include on the training of leadership. According to the article the Case for Directive Leadership written by Jan Muczyk and Bernard Reimann four types of collected p science, leader behaviour are listed: the Directive autocrat, the permissive autocrat, the mythology essay paper directive democrat and the permissive democrat. There isn’t any best leadership style; it all depends on general haig coursework, different. This experienced made Jobs realized that he needed to take an unmarked path to get to where his intuition was leading him. Steve Jobs was successful at creating the new Macintosh home computer, however, he quickly failed at his leadership position. According to the Buisness News Daily, “After a falling out with Apple's CEO, John Sculley, Jobs resigned in 1985 to follow his own interests.

He started a new software and hardware company, NeXT, Inc., and greek essay he invested in a small animation company, Pixar. Ethical Leadership Is Mostly About Leadership Integrity Essay. Other fundamental elements that make up ethical leadership In contrast, other studies have suggested that ethical leadership is mla format quotes, not just about leadership integrity, but at greek mythology essay paper, the same time, it consists of a multi dimensional concept, with many other fundamental elements (Trevino Brown 2004). Macbeth Corruption. Ethical leaders have to be seen as both a “moral person” and a “moral manager” (Trevino et al. Paper. 2000). The moral person aspect of essay, ethical leadership can be seen as the personal characteristics and traits. 13). Similar to the law of nature which is what you don't feed, will not grow, applies to leaders and their employees.

Strong healthy leadership will reap the benefits of strong healthy staff. Some of the food or skills that lead to an effective leader are the ability to greek essay paper be empowered and empower. Jack Wiley suggests employee engagement can drive high levels of success in business and by doing this, leaders must engage and motivate their employees and build a culture of employees to achieve business. What are the characteristics of an effective leader? Some say that a good leadership is macbeth corruption of power, innate, others say that it can be learned. Greek Mythology Essay. Both ways seem reasonable and can be acquired by anyone. Leadership qualities come in a variety of packages, but I believe for nurses these are the most important. The leader must possess strong communication skills, be honest and macbeth open and must be approachable, and maintains confidentiality. He must be fair treating everyone equal.

He must possess knowledge about. love the culture in which you are in. And try to learn about its strengths, don’t focus on the weaknesses, and greek mythology make sure that all the people you are transferring with you are of the same opinion.” “I think one of the basics of transcultural leadership is empathy.” He stresses the importance of cultivating a certain mindset or character that truly enjoys the challenge of living in new environments: “If you have to work and particularly do something significant in a country it is general haig, much easier. rational method whilst the leader uses passion and stirs emotions (Tomey, 993). Bennis (1997) suggests that failing organisations are usually over managed and under led and believes effective leadership is the force behind successful organisations. Field Marshall Slim says that unlike management, leadership is of the spirit, compound of personality and vision, and its practice is an art. We were put in groups and given a scenario which we were then asked to work on (together) using the PBL steps. Greek Mythology Paper. There are quite a number of definitions for leadership, but the pace university following three excerpts can summarize the definition well. Greek Mythology Essay Paper. a. Leadership is an emerson essay analysis influence relationship among leaders and followers who intend real changes and paper outcomes that reflect their shared purposes (Daft, 2011, p. 5). b. Leadership is entrance essay, a process of social influence, which maximizes the efforts of others, towards the achievement of a goal (Kruse, 2013). c. Leadership is an attempt to use influence to motivate individuals to achieve. Mythology Essay. correct behavior (Google Website). Leaders motivate, give intellectual simulation, and encourage others to be creative. By following these styles of leadership, leaders increase the level of employee satisfaction, morale and higher productivity.

Google’s C.E.O and co-founder(s) Larry Page and Sergey Brin is known for its transformational leadership style. When the corruption essay executives brought in a third C.E.O. Eric Schmidt it was quoted in paper, an article that the three “ran the company as a triumvirate because. Phd Dissertations Engineering. themselves in this future vision, they support the goals of the organization and the leaders more readily. Greek Mythology. Rather than resorting to coercion, the charismatic leader builds trust among followers. Visionary Leadership Visionaries who are successful at macbeth of power, manifesting their visions base their leadership on greek paper, an inspirational, positive picture of the future, as well as a clear sense of direction as to how to on friendship analysis get there. Vision is a field that brings energy into form. Effective leaders broadcast a coherent message. order to prevent this you must tell your subordinates how to do the job, show them how, and manage them while helping them out with work. In conclusion, I believe anyone can be a leader, even if the only person they’re leading is themselves. Leadership is all about making things happen, being a good listener, being unselfish, and being able to help someone else out.

You cannot be a good leader if you only greek mythology essay think about yourself. If you do your subordinates will only respect your authority but not. Mla Format With Quotes. profitable. She then went on greek mythology essay paper, to say that this should really be a goal of everybody within the organization- to make money. Ms. May’s first task was to assure that all individuals within her organization had their values aligned. As stated in The Leadership Challenge, “Shared values are the foundational pillars for building productive and genuine working relationships” (Kouzes, 2012). In order to assure shared values, Ms. May set a meeting with the managers from all departments within Assa Abloy and. serving as a great example that people can admire. He shows respect whether the essay quotes person deserves it or not since he believes that respect is a key component to the success of mythology essay, any society. General. My final criterion for choosing PBO as an embodiment of good leadership is fairness.

He treats everybody the mythology paper same by being consistent with rewards and carrying out disciplinary action. Illustration of these Qualities in his Roles The first and foremost is confidence. With the 2009 inauguration, PBO inherited two. seemed to be out of reach for new or inexperienced leaders and thus was criticised as an elitist theory, relevant only to the selected few that may possibly be able to general haig implement its strategy. Bass and Riggio (2006) “Critics perceive transformational leadership as elitist and mythology essay anti democratic” (Pg11). This also brings into question on the limits of the application of TL as these so called elite will not be in the majority. The biggest criticisms of all regarding TL comes from the “dark side” or the pseudotransformational. Electrical Engineering. Command Sergeant Major. Mythology Essay. Even after I PCS’d, many of my Soldiers and coursework other Soldiers who were not officially mine would still contact me to greek essay ask for advice.

The above is a snapshot of what I believe is my base leadership style. There is no magic formula or even one best leadership style. Leadership is entrance essay, situational based on the needs of the greek mythology organization, the skill level of the employees, and the task at. Having a better understanding of this level of leadership will help me when I’m interviewing potential candidates for my team. If the candidate does not display these values in their interview, I will be able to recognize that early and know who to get for my team.

Some of my team members, however, lack good work habits. Some of essay analysis, them have attendance or behavioral issues which prevents them from being team players. This leads me to greek mythology essay paper the next level of leadership in the article. The second level of hierarchy. followed the example set by Dr. King, meeting that higher standard of essay with quotes, non-violence – even when they were the victims of violence – and essay their perseverance paid off. Another quintessential leadership that that Dr.

King had was the ability to admit fear and then face and overcome it. Essay H Lovecraft P Science. Just because we’re in leadership positions doesn’t mean that we won’t come up against greek mythology essay, things bigger than ourselves – often! – and general haig things that can seem scary or can create anxiety. Those are all part of our normal human emotional. Around 1960 new theories of leadership were developed that considered the impact of mythology paper, follow and tasks on pace essay, leaders’ effectiveness. Greek Mythology Paper. Emerging styles also called modern or current styles. With today’s business constantly changing and modernizing, modern technological advances, can globalize there business. Leaders can remotely Interaction between coworker and the supervisors. This puts a difference demands on the leadership styles. On Friendship Analysis. Now those employees are working more from home and just meeting once.

Emotional maturity, authenticity, and a strong character are all essential if leadership in a culture-driven company is to be effective. So is an alignment among the leader’s passion, the company’s mission, and the corporate culture in which everything transpires. Essay Paper. But these characteristics are developed through life experience. Macbeth Corruption. I would like to share another experience working with a leader early in my career. One leadership style I learned from him was on essay, empowering the electrical engineering team. Mythology Paper. It was hardly few days. to phd dissertations electrical engineering be stress free I need to greek mythology essay paper cultivate these lowest five values. If I get along people more than now, I can have the chance of having little stress. Social intelligence is phd dissertations electrical engineering, also a quality that is mythology, needed greatly in order to do well in management and leadership. I intend to develop social intelligence by creating opportunities to meet other people.

For example I will have to haig gcse coursework go to parties. I will need to attend social functions. At work I. Greek. Leadership Theories in Organizations Essay. their effectiveness. Leadership is a major way in which people change the minds of others and pace university essay move minds of others and move organizations forward to accomplish identified goals. Theories of Leadership Theories of Leadership Over time, a number of theories of leadership have , p been proposed, including: • Great Man Theory • Trait Theory • B h i l Th i Behavioral Theories – The Managerial Grid – Theory X and essay Theory Y Theory X and Theory Y • Participative Leadership – Lewin’s leadership styles. several leading management journals. He received his D.B.A. from the University of analysis, Southern California. Leadership Most authorities on organizational leadership agree that the major Theories theories of leadership are the traits, leadership styles, and contingency (sometimes called situational) theories. The leadership styles and contingency theories now dominate the current literature on leadership while the traits theory has generally been dismissed because of the theoretical, methodological, and. Mythology. Three Aspects of Leadership Essay. trait leadership research, supporters used three distinguishing personal characteristics (physical, mental, and social) of successful leaders to find trait similarities and prove how distinctive characteristics account for leadership effectiveness (Lussier Achua, 2010).

The early conclusions of the trait leadership studies, performed by leadership researcher Ralph Stogdill, revealed that most leaders had slightly higher intelligence measures and a positive relationship between leadership and adjustment. Role of Situation Leadership Essays. surrounding the definition of leadership. Essay. Then we pursue our central objective to examine the role of situational factors in leadership. Our focus is on the leadership of essay paper, organizations—public, private, or nonprofit—rather than leadership in political, scientific, or artistic realms. January 2007 ? American Psychologist Copyright 2007 by the American Psychological Association 0003-066X/07 /$ 12.00 Vol. 62, No. 1, 17–24 DOI: 10.1037/0003-066X.62.1.17 The Definitions of Leadership Virtually all definitions. Emerson Analysis. these internal beliefs and processes that are important for mythology essay, effective leadership. Phd Dissertations Electrical Engineering. 3. Contingency Theories: Contingency theories of leadership focus on essay, particular variables related to the environment that might determine which particular style of leadership is best suited for the situation.

According to this theory, no leadership style is best in general coursework, all situations. Success depends upon a number of variables, including the leadership style, qualities of the mythology essay paper followers and aspects of the situation. The. The Immersion of Transformational Leadership Essay. While research is still be conducted in this emerging area of leadership theory, the exact context through which transformational leadership theory is based must be understood by those in the leadership community. This paper will identify the characteristics of transformational leadership so that a better understanding can be achieved. The leadership style is essay, extremely dynamic and slightly complex to essay paper grasp and this paper will attempt to solidify its content. In addition to this, there is an element. Values of Servant Leadership Essay. have presented findings on leadership traits and characteristics, if a person seeks to be perceived by others as a leader, the five major leadership traits the person should possess or seek to develop are intelligence, Values of Servant Leadership 5 integrity, sociability, self-confidence, and determination (Northouse, 2007). As the phases of leadership progressed, it moved from the trait to the process approach, at this phase it was argued by some scholars that leadership can be learned, furthermore. goal because they are inspired to do their best by their manager’s leadership style or if the members are merely doing what it is they get paid to do. The initial type of leadership mentioned is essay on friendship, referred to as referent power; this type of leadership may or may not have any real power; there is just something about the person who is leading that inspires the rest of the organization to want to follow them.

This type of leadership usually provides an organizational culture that has a very positive. Autocratic Leadership Style Essay. On the other hand, the downsides of an greek mythology autocratic leadership can be challenging. This kind of leaders suffer from phd dissertations lack of creativity using their overpowering to oppress, employees or a population creating fear and resentment. According to Hunter Taylor an eHow Contributor defined as an greek historical example that, Saddam Hussein assassinated individuals that did not approve him. The results were, that each individual were subjugated without the ability to freedom to implement ideas to make their everyday. adjustments in order to produce a better product and to ultimately insurebusiness vitality.Discuss your leadership style or the style you aspire to be and how it compares to transactional,transformation, visionary, charismatic, principled, and entrepreneurial leadership. After taking several leadership style surveys, it appears that my leadership style is participative. Thisstyle of leadership accepts input from individuals when making decisions and/or problem solving, butretain the final say when. relations. This research is phd dissertations engineering, based on a leadership questionnaire, a psychopathy questionnaire and saliva samples. The leadership questionnaire consists of 9 factors: Intelligence, creative thinking, empathy, charm, agreeableness, risk taking, need for achievement, need for affiliation and taking charge.

The psychopathy questionnaire consists of the factors boldness, disinhibition and meanness. T-test analyses show that leaders score significantly different on most leadership factors compared to the control. democratic leadership style Essay. Mythology Paper. In fact the leadership style plays a crucial role in pace university entrance, a business which refers to the art of making the subordinates work efficiently in aim of paper, pursuing a mutual goal which is university entrance, favorable for both the firm and the employees. The leadership style varies in business, however in contemporary democracy societie, it is commonly believed that a democratic leadership style is the most effective for mythology paper, management. Essay. This essay will discuss the pros and cons of democracy leadership style and explain why it is the. community. There are several ways to define leadership.

A process that influences other people to achieve an objective and guides the company or community in a way to make it more coherent and cohesive is called leadership. We can also define leadership as a process of leading people in mythology essay, the right direction in essay, order to achieve goals. Leaders apply leadership attributes such as values, knowledge and skills to implement this process in any organization. Leadership ensures that that the organization works. is high as he has most authorities in the firm. Transformational leadership adopted by women can be seen as encouraging. Mythology Essay. Findings indicate that women can build a more inclusive successful organization, whereby employees can aspire to be the essay analysis best. Mythology Essay Paper. This conveys a collaborative team work approach and maintaining flow of communication. Anita Roderick, founder of the fair Trade Body shop organization employ Transformational leadership, she encourages her subordinates to succeed and empowers them. However. Essay on : “the Ambiguity of Leadership” Thus, lodging in a leader causality of organization, rather than in a set of complex contextual factors, make easier to overcome the possible problems. Pace University Entrance Essay. The need to believe in leadership influence on performance make leaders become symbols (providing a scapegoat when things go wrong).

Differences between causality perceived by internal members or outsiders are approached too. In the last part, Conclusion, the main ideas are summarized: (1) analysis results depends on the researcher’s intent. Secondly, it can’t be denied that good leadership and greek essay paper freedom cannot be divorced. Africa lacks freedom and in phd dissertations engineering, fact, to some extent, is afraid of freedom just at the mention of it. I realized this when I once approached the administration of some institution I was with the greek mythology essay paper idea of introducing a Students for Liberty Club but the idea was first trampled underfoot then thrown out of the window because of the word ‘Liberty’. The administration though I wanted students to be ‘rebellious’ because liberty/freedom. This is the authoritarian style of leadership that Salsbury introduced to Marks and Spencer. There are four components to this theory, measured in terms of corruption of power essay, a leader’s effects of followers. Greek. This approach is best for a type of organisation which is capable of fast, radical change.

As Bass claims ‘transformational leaders motivate followers to do more than is originally expected.’ This style of leadership is pace university, often desired, but unlike some contingency theories, cannot be used in mythology essay, all circumstances, and. Gcse. This type of leadership style fosters professional competence. Supervision is minimal as individuals take the responsibility for their behavior. Subordinates are encouraged to express their ideas and make suggestions. However, shared decisions are not likely to occur in all aspects of the paper organizational operations. Democratic leaders sell ideas. They tend to be warm, confident, and friendly. The democratic leadership style encourages employee participation and professional growth. It is well suited.

Personal Leadership Portrait Essay. transactional leadership as one that takes place when the leader, through active contact with the followers, gain compliance and essay p science alignment with shared visions and greek mythology essay paper goals of the organization. The bedrock of the transactional leadership model, Cragg and Spurgeon (2007) insist, is the “incentive based exchange between the leader and phd dissertations follower in return for enhanced performance” (p.110). In contrast, Lee, Koenigsberg, Davidson and Beto (2010) affirms that transformational leadership “occurs when. While many different leadership theories exist, most can be classified as one of eight major types: Great Man Theory The Great Man theory was highly popular in the nineteenth and greek mythology paper early twentieth century. Electrical. The mythology behind some famous leaders such as Julius Caesar, Abraham Lincoln, Alexander the Great and Mahatma Gandhi helped contribute to the idea that great leaders are not made, but born. Great Man theory states that the greek mythology essay paper capacity for leadership is inherent and general coursework hereditary. This theory often. Greek Mythology. these type of scope of study force me to prepare the term paper report on “Role of leadership in transforming population into Human Resources” 3. Objective Of the study Effective leadership is mla format essay quotes, a personal role that requires the blending of motivational, strategic and greek mythology essay management skills to align focus, energy and drive whilst creating a culture which encourages individual thinking and attainment. Ultimately leadership is about pushing ideas and thoughts forward, shouldering responsibility and aspirations. process is unknown, the leader cannot adequately provide all the necessary resources to fulfill the on friendship analysis task simply because it is unknown.

A more appropriate approach would be to employ the situational leadership theory; it states, “Successful leadership is achieved by selecting the greek mythology paper right leadership style contingent on the followers’ readiness, or the extent to general haig coursework which they are willing and able to accomplish a specific task.” (Robbins and Judge, 2011) However, again, the issue arises where tasks are.

essay hotel ruanda Hollywood and the Holocaust in Central Africa. keith harmon snow. Reprinting permitted with proper attribution to: Text corrected, 1 November 2007 (see note [36-a]). W hat happened in Rwanda in 1994? The standard line is that a calculated genocide occurred because of deep-seated tribal animosity between the majority Hutu tribe in power and the minority Tutsis. Greek Mythology Essay! According to this story, at essay least 500,000 and perhaps 1.2 million Tutsis—and some ‘moderate’ Hutus—were ruthlessly eliminated in a few months, and most of them were killed with machetes.

The killers in this story were Hutu hard-liners from the Forces Armees Rwandais , the Hutu army, backed by the more ominous and inhuman civilian militias—the Interahamwe—“ those who kill together.” “In three short, cruel months, between April and July 1994,” wrote genocide expert Samantha Power on the 10 th anniversary of the genocide, “Rwanda experienced a genocide more efficient than that carried out by the Nazis in World War II. The killers were a varied bunch: drunk extremists chanting ‘Hutu power, Hutu power’; uniformed soldiers and militia men intent on wiping out the mythology essay, Tutsi Inyenzi , or ‘cockroaches’; ordinary villagers who had never themselves contemplated killing before but who decided to join the frenzy.” [1] The award-winning film Hotel Rwanda offers a Hollywood version and the latest depiction of this cataclysm. Is the film accurate? It is phd dissertations billed as a true story.

Did genocide occur in Rwanda as it is widely portrayed and universally imagined? With thousands of Hutus fleeing Rwanda in 2005, in essay, fear of the Tutsi government and its now operational village genocide courts, is another reading of events needed? [2] Is Samantha Power—a Pulitzer Prize winning journalist—telling it straight? [3] Is it possible, as evidence confirms, that the h lovecraft, now canonized United Nations peacekeeper Lt. General Romo Dallaire was at the time an agent of the Tutsi army? Or that the funding for greek, Hotel Rwanda came from general gcse coursework a company with powerful mining interests in paper, Congo—where access is insured by the Rwanda government? Hundreds of gcse, thousands of people were killed, that’s clear. Mythology Essay! There was large-scale butchery of Tutsis. And Hutus. Macbeth Corruption! Children and essay paper old women were killed. There was mass rape.

There were many acts of genocide. But was it genocide or civil war? “I think that’s a very good question and it is not adequately answered,” says Howard W. French, former East Africa Bureau Chief for the New York Times and essay quotes author of Africa: A Continent for the Taking . [4] Howard W. French operated on the ground in Central Africa (1993-1999) and his reportage of the RPF Tutsi rebel army hunting down and massacring hundreds of thousands of Hutus in Congo is greek mythology paper exceptional. [5] “A minority of fifteen percent [RPF Tutsis] wages a determined effort to take over a country and p science rule in an ethnic way, by paper, force of arms, and has been doing this for years. Two presidents are assassinated.” Howard W. French is adamant. “These are not excuses for butchery . Coursework! But these are things that lead one in the direction of civil war, as a descriptor, as opposed to the one-sided tale that we have been given, of these sweet, innocent Tutsis who remind us of Israel, versus the savage Hutus who cold-heartedly butcher people hand-to-hand for three months.” [6] From the very first words and frames, where the mythology, image has yet to appear and the screen is with quotes completely black, the film Hotel Rwanda sets up viewers to think a certain way about mythology paper what happened in Rwanda in 1994. Here is phd dissertations a story about good versus evil.

An ominous African voice is heard, clearly the announcer on a Rwandan radio program, and he is describing the Tutsis as ‘ cockrrrRRROACHES .’ The voice is black and the cataclysm unfathomable, as anyone will tell you, and greek mythology essay paper the black screen underscores the collected h lovecraft, evil darkness of Africa. This voice of terror returns throughout the film to greek mythology paper, haunt the innocent but terrified Tutsis, on screen, and the viewers gripping their seats. The good guys are the h lovecraft p science, Tutsis, the victims of genocide. They are not killers in the movie: they are never killers. Greek Essay Paper! At the end of the film, when a well-attired guerrilla force is shown—the ‘rebels’ of the Rwandan Patriotic Front (RPF)—they are rescuers.

They are disciplined, organized. They keep a tidy United Nations camp safely behind their lines. Macbeth Corruption Of Power! They don’t kill Red Cross nurses, or orphaned children, in greek mythology essay, the film: they reconnect children to their families. The Hutus in essay on friendship analysis, the standard Rwanda genocide stories are always the bad guys, and they are all bad guys. Every Hutu is a genocidaire —to use the ominous French term deployed in English contexts to further underscore the horror, the horror (sic). The Hutus are the paper, devil incarnate. The Tutsis are saintly.

Indeed, they are beyond reproach, because they are the engineering, victims of genocide. The Hotel manager’s wife bears an obvious cross around her neck, to remind us that the Tutsis are the chosen people. When the paper, now celebrated United Nations hero Lt. Gen. Romo Dallaire shakes hands with the haig coursework, devil—as his own popular book and the subsequent film Shake Hands With the Devil concur—he is shaking hands with Hutu. [7] That is the ideological framework of the Hotel Rwanda film. Greek Essay! There is, today, an industry behind it. The Tutsis are dehumanized by the Hutus and by the Hutu media, in the film, and there was plenty of truth in this in collected essay p science, real life. But the RPF pro-Tutsi media that operated in Rwanda after 1991, for example, was equally dehumanizing, and equally vicious, but the film does not tell us this. Tutsi guerrilla forces—prior to 1970—were the first to greek essay paper, describe themselves as Inyenzi or cockroaches: they were not equated with the emerson, insects that everyone loathes, they were well trained, secretive and coordinated military forces who attacked at mythology essay night and h lovecraft withdrew by day. [8] The RPF would hit and run and kill with efficiency.

It was not a pejorative usage, as it has been used in the film Hotel Rwanda , although it was bastardized and turned against the Tutsis by media outlets in Rwanda. Radio Mille Collines and the other anti-RPF media outlets of the President’s party, the National Republican Movement for Democracy and Development (MRND), [9] were not the only ones to greek mythology, incite hatred and murder. Indeed, RPF-controlled Radio Muhabura spread ethnic hatred and mla format essay quotes incited widespread killings, but this was—according to mythology, Hollywood—a war with only one army, the ruthless Hutus. [10] The Pillars of Hotel Rwanda. When Human Rights Watch investigated the genocide, they sent Alison des Forges to tell the story, and emerson essay on friendship the product of her long investigations was the fat treatise on genocide in Rwanda titled Leave None to Tell the Story . Greek Mythology! Irony is heaped upon irony when we consider that those who are left to tell the story are silenced by the authorized storytellers like Alison des Forges. “Alison des Forges is a liar,” Cameroonian journalist Charles Onana, author of the book The Secrets of the Rwandan Genocide, Investigations on the Mysteries of a President , published in French in 2001, is adamant. “She is a LIAR.” [11] Paul Kagame, RPF General and President of Rwanda, sued Charles Onana for defamation in a French court: Kagame lost. [12] “Des Forges has written a book which has become the bible regarding Rwanda,” says Jean-Marie Higiro, former Director of the Rwandan Information Office (ORINFOR) who fled the killing, with his family, in mla format, early April 1994. “Everyone points to her book even though some of what she has produced is fiction. I don’t think she is an essay paper intentional liar, but I don’t know why she investigated Hutu human rights abuses but no RPF human rights abuses.” Hotel Rwanda is phd dissertations electrical built on the pillars of selective human rights reporting, but it really takes off from the celebrated text, We Regret To Inform You That Tomorrow We Will Be Killed With Our Families, by greek essay paper, Philip Gourevitch, the essay p science, New Yorker magazine’s premier Africa expert. “Gourevitch's short book should be compulsory reading for Heads of State and essay paper Ministers of Defence all over Africa,” wrote Guardian reporter Victoria Brittain, “as well as for all U.N. Emerson Essay! officials involved in paper, peacekeeping operations and humanitarian aid, from the Secretary General on down, and the heads of missionary orders in the US, France and Belgium.” Victoria Brittain is collected essay a Nation magazine contributor on greek mythology, genocide in Rwanda. Essay! [68] The International human Rights Law Clinic at American University for several years (at least) asked students to read Philip Gourevitch on genocide in Rwanda, in preparation for legal work with the International Criminal Tribunal on Rwanda.

Professor Melissa Crow, who worked with the Law Clinic, followed her term at Human Rights Watch (1994-1995) by working in paper, Kigali, Rwanda, under the mla format essay with, RPF government, working for the Office of the Prosecutor for the International Criminal Tribunal on Rwanda. Following this she joined Foley, Hoag and Elliot, the influential Washington D.C. law firm closely aligned with the greek essay paper, U.S.-Uganda Friendship Council, which is closely tied to ChevronTexaco, Coca-Cola, the William Jefferson Clinton Foundation and the Pangaea Global AIDS Foundation. The latter foundations are also deeply involved in Rwanda [69]. Notably, a U.S. immigration judge in St. Paul Minnesota imposed Gourevitch’s book as compulsory reading for all attorneys dealing with Rwandan refugees requesting political asylum.

But this is a dangerous and irresponsible precedent. [13] Funding for Gourevitch’s book came from the United States Institute for Peace, a State Department offshoot (with an Orwellian name). Engineering! [14] What we never learn about Philip Gourevitch is that his brother-in-law, Jamie Rubin, was Madeleine Albright’s leading man and, through him, Gourevitch planted in the public mind a narrow perspective on Rwanda. [15] Philip Gourevitch is an intimate pal of Rwandan President Paul Kagame. I regret to inform you that Philip Gourevitch is not an impartial journalist, regardless of how much you may have liked his book, or have been moved by it, because he has taken sides, and he has told only one side of the story, and he has told it badly, and he has been rewarded for his fine job in mythology paper, telling it badly. [16] “Gourevitch begins the story with the h lovecraft, Tutsi as these saintly victims,” the Times ’ Howard W. French says. “And I don’t think Gourevitch is a stupid guy.

I think that it’s just sheer intellectual dishonesty… Gourevitch was coming out in the New Yorker every other month with this very well written and—if you don’t know the essay, facts—very compelling picture about Rwanda… as the Israel of Central Africa and the Tutsis as the Jews of macbeth of power, Central Africa. That’s powerful stuff. But I’m on the ground in Central Africa seeing that the reality is very, very different.” [17] The theme of genocide in Rwanda—whether true or false—has birthed an industry that revolves around a standard, simplified plot. The appearance of the greek mythology essay paper, film Hotel Rwanda marks the coup de grace in the long process whereby the facts, the essay h lovecraft, ugly realities and dirty details of what really happened in Rwanda have been distilled into a neat and tidy story that proliferates in the media, in film, in literature, at seminars on genocide and workshops on reconciliation, and it is the predominant discourse in academia. Quebecois journalist Robin Philpot calls it “the right and greek mythology essay paper proper tale.” [18] The Falsification of Amerikan Consciousness. It has become a mythology: the Rwanda genocide mythology or, better, the phd dissertations engineering, Tutsi Holocaust mythology . Mythology Essay! But as African scholar Amos Wilson puts it so simply in The Falsification of Afrikan Consciousness , “you cannot understand the present unless you first understand the past.”

To understand the growth of the mythology on analysis, genocide in Rwanda, consider first the text of Hotel Rwanda—The Official Companion Book , which describes the greek mythology essay paper, process of “bringing the true story of an African hero to general, film.” [19] The book deletes the mythology essay, most basic facts about the Rwandan Patriotic Front and haig its backers’ roles in the ongoing war for the Great Lakes region of Africa, war that has led to at least seven million people dead since the initial RPF invasion from Uganda in October 1990. [20] Instead the greek essay, book offers an abbreviated timeline of events that accentuate or exaggerate those points that serve the predominant Hotel Rwanda mythology, and it excludes those facts that would undermine this mythology: the entire framework of the brutal, bloody war for control of university essay, Rwanda is obscured. October 1990 : Guerrillas from the Rwandan Patriotic Front (RPF) invade Rwanda from Uganda; the RPF is mostly made up of Tutsis. Greek Mythology! A ceasefire is corruption signed on mythology essay, March 29, 1991.

First: the above statement uses the p science, definitive term for essay, the RPF action: invaded. The Rwandan Patriotic Army invaded Rwanda from Uganda. However, the context of the RPF ascension to power is obliterated. RPF infiltration of Rwanda began around 1986 after Yoweri Museveni, with powerful western backers, shot his way to power in Uganda. Paul Kagame, current president of Rwanda, was head of Museveni’s Directorate of Military Intelligence, and later commanded the Rwandan Patriotic Front. But the essay, RPF invasion was a gross violation of international law against a sovereign nation—a point the Hotel Rwanda industry ignores. Never condemned by the international ‘community,’ the RPF ‘struggle’ was supported by powerful western agents and institutions, including the World Bank and paper the IMF, who shackled Rwanda with austerity programs in perfect synchronization with the collected h lovecraft p science, RPF assault. Greek! This led to the heightened inculcation of macbeth corruption, structural violence throughout Rwanda. Combined with the crash of coffee prices on the world market, millions of Rwandans found it impossible to make ends meet as the 1990’s began. Greek Mythology Paper! Suffering hit new lows not seen in Rwanda for decades. The majority of people in Rwanda, besieged by on friendship, the propaganda of greek, competing factions—a spectrum of with, political interests aligned with or against the RPF or the Rwanda government of mythology essay paper, Juvenal Habyarimana—found scapegoats according to their positions in society.

Economic interests predominated as a few elites increasingly controlled the life or death of the many. The rising insurgency and structural violence provoked hostility amongst and on friendship between groups, and greek essay paper elites controlling media outlets of all stripes began to use their venues to sow ethnic rivalry as the essay h lovecraft p science, veneer for the deeper agenda: class warfare. Hutus were dehumanized as often as Tutsis. Mythology! “Pro-opposition newspapers represented MRND [Hutu government] leaders as essentially evil and corrupt,” writes Jean-Marie Higiro. They were “liars, idiots, animals, bloodthirsty murderers and phd dissertations electrical warmongers. Some of these newspapers published drawings of President Habyarimana covered with blood.” [21] The RPF and Rwandan Tutsi Diaspora had their own publications.

The best known of these is Impuruza , published in the United States (1984-1994). Tutsi refugees joined Roger Winter, the greek mythology essay, Director of the United States Committee for essay on friendship, Refugees, to help fund the publication. The editor, Alexander Kimenyi, is a Rwandan national and greek paper a professor at California State University. Essay On Friendship! Like most RPF publications Impuruza circulated clandestinely in Rwanda amongst Hutu and Tutsi elite. “A nation in exile, a people without leadership, ‘the Jews of Africa’, a stateless nation,” wrote Festo Habimana, the president of the Association of Banyarwanda in Diaspora USA , in the premier issue of Impuruza . Habimana called for the unity of Tutsi refugees. “But our success will depend entirely upon our own effort and unity, not through world community as some perceive… As long as we are scattered, with no leadership, business as usual on greek mythology paper, their part shall always be their policy. Macbeth Of Power Essay! We are a very able and capable people with abundant blessings. What are we waiting for? Genocide?” [22] The Association of greek paper, Banyarwanda in emerson essay, Diaspora USA , assisted by Roger Winter, organized the International Conference on the Status of Banyarwanda [Tutsi] Refugees in Washington, DC in greek mythology essay paper, 1988, and essay with this is where a military solution to the Tutsi problem was chosen. The U.S.

Committee for Refugees reportedly provided accommodation and transportation. Mythology! [23] Winter is intimate with USAID, and a long-time ally of Susan Rice, former Assistant Secretary of State on emerson essay, African Affairs (1997-2001), Special Assistant to essay paper, President Clinton (1995-1997), and National Security Council insider (1993-1997). Roger Winter is phd dissertations electrical engineering also a staunch supporter of U.S. Rep. Donald Payne. Winter acted as a spokesman for the RPF and their allies, and he appeared as a guest on major US television networks such as PBS and CNN . Philip Gourevitch and Roger Winter made contacts on behalf of the RPF with American media, particularly the Washington Post , New York Times and Time magazine. Roger Winter and greek mythology U.S. Rep. H Lovecraft! Donald Payne continue to manipulate African affairs: most notable are there recent exaggerations about genocide in Darfur, Sudan, for which Donald Payne sponsored the Darfur Genocide Accountability Act. Second: the language of the greek mythology, above October 1990 timeline entry underscores the equally discrepant point that the RPF was “mostly made up of Tutsis.” According to the genocide mythology, the cataclysm in Rwanda was a tribal struggle between Hutus and Tutsis, with some involvement of corruption of power essay, France.

Who were the non-Tutsi elements of the greek mythology paper, “mostly” Tutsi RPF? What is the implication? They were Hutus? How could Hutus be fighting alongside Tutsis if Hutus were exterminating all Tutsis based on an organized, premeditated plan? The term “moderate Hutu” invites a similar conundrum: what is a “moderate Hutu” in the international legal framework of genocide? Jean-Marie Higiro says it best: “Academics and journalists divide Hutus into two categories: moderates and extremists following the myths of Hollywood. They never suggest that there were Hutu who did not belong to either category.

There were those who were terrified by both sides and who just fled for their lives. Quotes! Academics and journalists never do the same [segregating] for Tutsis and of course never for the RPF even though the RPF was a conglomerate of Tutsi supremacists, Republicans and greek mythology essay monarchists. These supremacists are highly placed in the current government. Tito Rutaremara, one of the ideologues of the RPF is one of gcse, them, and General Ibingira, the butcher of greek mythology paper, Kibeho [is another] of them.” The very definition of genocide would be called into question if it turned out that there were political, economic or class—as opposed to ethnic —motives behind the hundreds of thousands (or 1.2 million) of deaths that have been unequivocally attributed to Hutu genocidaires. A deeper examination of mla format essay with quotes, “genocide” in Rwanda raises just such inconvenient questions.

The determination of what constitutes genocide is mythology not so cut and dry as Hutus versus Tutsis, or lists of targeted Tutsis versus no lists, no matter the terror now invoked in one’s soul on hearing the word Interahamwe . After the October 1990 entry, the timeline in the companion book omits any reference to general coursework, the RPF until February 1993, as if the supposed ‘heroic’ Tutsi rebels were patiently sitting out the war from the Ugandan sidelines. But massacres occurred in northern Rwanda after the October 1990 invasion and after the 1991 ceasefire and they were committed by the RPF. Greek Mythology! Tens of thousands of refugees fled the border districts in fear of ongoing RPF atrocities. (This author remembers well the traumatized tourist who disembarked from the mla format quotes, bed of a small pick-up truck that crossed the border from Rwanda to Uganda in 1991. I was in Kasindi, in southwest Uganda. The Rwandan man sitting next to this western woman was shot by mythology paper, an RPF sniper as the emerson analysis, truck drove down the road; the truck was then stopped, searched by the RPF, and mythology essay paper the dead man taken.) From 1990 on, RPF terror cells began infiltrating Kigali, the phd dissertations electrical engineering, capital, and all other areas of greek mythology, Rwanda, and with them came atrocities that were frequently blamed on electrical, the Habyarimana government, including assassinations, massacres and disappearances. By March 1993, Rwanda’s internally displaced persons (IDPs) had reached one million people. Greek Paper! The RPF practiced a scorched earth policy: they did not want to have to administer a territory or deal with local populations. Electrical Engineering! The RPF displaced people, shelled the IDP camps, and marched on.

They killed some captives, buried them in mass graves or burned corpses, and used survivors as porters to transport ammunition, dig trenches or cook their meals. According to greek mythology paper, one Rwandan now in the US: prior to 1994, most Tutsis who had a job in Rwanda collected contributions for the RPF political and military program; people were afraid to emerson, refuse to pay the compulsory tax levied by a ruthless military institution, the RPF. The Habyarimana government responded to terror with repression in greek mythology paper, kind, but the international human rights “community” had already taken sides in the war: the essay p science, Hutu government of paper, Habyarimana was accused of “genocide” against macbeth of power, Tutsis as early as 1993; the RPF atrocities were ignored or explained away. “There were many RPF killings in Rwanda between 1990 and 1994,” says Jean-Marie Higiro, “but these were not investigated; they were automatically attributed to Habyarimana’s [MRND] party by the international community. Even so, we know that the RPF used that kind of strategy to tarnish the greek mythology essay, image of their opponents.” [24]

Jean-Marie Higiro also cites the electrical, Tutsi newspaper Impuruza , the publication edited by Professor Alexandre Kimenyi, with accusing the Habyarimana government of committing genocide against greek essay paper, the Tutsis, and this was prior to 1993. February 1993 : The RPF again invades Rwanda. Hutu extremists cite the invasion as proof the Tutsis aim to eliminate them, and begin calling for preemptive measures. To begin with, the mla format essay quotes, RPF never left Rwanda, and they never stopped killing. Following the reasonable questions by journalist Robin Philpot, how would U.S. citizens respond if Canadian guerrillas—arguing that their parents were born or once lived in the U.S.—invaded from Toronto? Would we call Americans who complained “extremists”? What if a few Islamic militants purportedly invading the U.S. took out the World Trade Center? Would the U.S. Greek Mythology Paper! government call for preemptive measures? Would we call the pace entrance, invaders a “rebel army”?

Extremists? Would we call them terrorists ? “Is it normal in greek mythology, the search for justice to condemn one side in a war for human rights violations,” writes Robin Philpot, “and not even question the morality of the general gcse coursework, aggressors, those who violated the principles of greek paper, all the charters of rights humanity has ever drafted? Is it right to shout about how a government violates rights and turn a blind eye to the launching of an aggressive war?” [25] Like the film, the Hotel Rwanda Companion Book offers a gross and distorted simplification of events in Rwanda. Trained by mla format quotes, the U.S.

Army at Fort Leavenworth, Kansas, USA, the RPF soldier and now President of Rwanda, Paul Kagame, is a regular visitor at the Pentagon, and he was not the only officer in Rwanda with ties to the U.S. military. Under the Pentagon’s International Military Education Training Program (IMET), some $769,000 trained 35 Rwandan officers at U.S. military schools from 1980 to 1992, and $120,000 was earmarked for Rwanda for both 1994 and 1995. Further military assistance was provided by the U.S. to 1994, while the bulk of the arms and logistical support came from essay U.S. H Lovecraft! client states (France, South Africa, Egypt, Uganda and Zaire). The Pentagon has also trained large numbers of Rwandan soldiers under the essay paper, Extended-IMET (E-IMET) and collected essay h lovecraft Joint Command Exchange and Training (JCET) programs. One of those trained was Bangladeshi Colonel Moen, the Chief Operations Officer for the United Nations Assistance Mission for Rwanda (UNAMIR), and another graduate of the U.S.

Army Command and General Staff College in Leavenworth, Kansas (USA). [26] From 1993 onwards the RPF continued to stick its bloody foot in the door of Rwanda, and greek mythology essay paper the “international community” continued to tighten the phd dissertations electrical engineering, screws on the Habyarimana government. Ever vigilant and inflammatory in advertising the greek mythology, governments’ human rights abuses—whether manufactured, exaggerated or real—the human rights community continued to close its eyes to RPF atrocities, terrorist infiltrations and bloodied land grabbing. Backed by powerful factions from the emerson essay on friendship, United States, England and Belgium, the RPF maneuvered and manipulated its way to the very seat of power, in Kigali itself, where—under the Arusha Peace Accords negotiated in Arusha Tanzania in 1993—a battalion of RPF soldiers was based at a strategic site within the city center. The RPF immediately fortified its defenses under the watch of Lt.

General Romo Dallaire—now universally regarded as a hero—the Canadian Force Commander of UNAMIR. The Hotel Rwanda Companion Book offers only the following tidy summary which, as popular mythology now holds, credits the RPF with the imperative of ‘stopping the genocide’ against Tutsis. Mid-July 1994 : The Tutsi RPF forces capture Kigali and the genocide is over. Greek Essay! Over a period of 100 days, almost 1,000,000 Rwandans were murdered. While it is alleged that “almost 1,000,000 Rwandans were murdered” in those 100 days, a claim that is certainly exaggerated, it is also true that the RPF slaughtered, bombed, massacred, assassinated or tortured hundreds of thousands of people—including Hutu and Tutsi soldiers, politicians and government officials, and innocent civilians. “All U.N. compounds were sheltering thousands of fearful Rwandans,” wrote the former UNAMIR commander, Lt. General Romo Dallaire, “How could I possibly keep them safe?” Dallaire’s admission subsequent to the previous statement is very insightful, especially given his pro-RPF position: “We protected these citizens from certain death at the hands of the extremists or the emerson essay, RPF…” In this [previous] quote, Dallaire openly confirms the RPF’s role in killing, and his book repeatedly describes firefights he witnessed between the RPF and various government factions. [27] There were no firefights shown in Hotel Rwanda , there was none of the ongoing warfare that rocked Kigali before and mythology after 06 April 2004: there were only ruthless, savage, Hutu killers and mla format essay quotes rapists, and the dead bodies that—by inference and innuendo—the Hutus slaughtered with machetes, pangas, axes and hoes. The RPF employed state-of-the-art information control and mythology psychological operations tactics practiced by gcse, the US military: international reporters were embedded; access to battle zones was restricted; evidence of RPF massacres was erased, or massacres were blamed on mythology, Hutu extremists, Interahamwe militias or the government Forces Armee Rwandaise . British journalist Nick Gordon reported crematoriums where the RPF incinerated bodies.

CNN’s only journalist on the ground in Rwanda at the time, Gary Streiker, has admitted that he worked behind the RPF lines and general haig followed RPF directives on reporting. [27a] After the April 6, 1994 double presidential assassination the western press—including Joshua Hammer ( Newsweek ), and Raymond Bonner, James C. McKinley Jr. and Donatella Lorch ( New York Times )—went out of their way to cite ‘professionalism’ and ‘discipline’ and ‘remarkable self-control’ exercised by the invading rebel RPF forces. The western press turned the double Presidential assassinations into ‘a mysterious plane crash,’ but this was a smoldering wreckage of the truth. [28] “In conjunction with the military build-up by the RPF and its allies—including the infiltration into Kigali, the greek essay paper, capital city, of up to 10,000 RPF soldiers,” writes ICTR barrister Chris Black, “western journalists and western intelligence services masquerading as “human rights” organizations began a concerted propaganda campaign against the [Habyarimana] Government and through it the emerson on friendship analysis, Hutu people, accusing it of various human rights abuses, none of which were substantiated.” [29] U.N. High Commission for Refugees investigator Robert Gersony reported in September 1994 on the RPF’s killing of more than 30,000 ethnic Hutus—in a period of two months—and gave a detailed account of locations, dates and nature of mythology paper, crimes, as well as the methods used to kill and to make the bodies disappear. Gersony also identified RPF leaders responsible for the killings. Essay! The classified U.N. report has never been released. Interested moviegoers might want to hack through the perception management of greek essay paper, Hotel Rwanda to get to United Artists parent company Metro Goldwyn Meyer. [30] MGM directors, unsurprisingly, given what the film does not tell you about the true U.S. role in phd dissertations engineering, Rwanda, include current United Technologies director and U.S. General (Ret.) Alexander Haig.

United Technologies is in the business of war and “I’m in charge here!” Al Haig served as secretary of state under a Hollywood actor named Ronald Reagan. The other producers of Hotel Rwanda include an unknown company called Kigali Releasing Ltd., and another called the Industrial Development Corporation of South Africa Ltd. The latter is a major shareholder of, and mythology essay mining partner with, Iscor Ltd., one of the companies named by the U.N. With Quotes! Panel of Experts Report (2002) for the illegal exploitation of resources from the mythology essay, Congo. [70]. U.S. military involvement in Rwanda has included ‘counterinsurgency’ training, ‘psychological operations’ and tactical Special Forces: Special Operations Command oversees Navy Seals, Army Rangers and Delta Force: elite units deployed as special operatives in covert operations. [31] The hotel in phd dissertations engineering, the film is not the real Hotel des Mille Collines. The Tutsi RPF rebels did not enter Kigali, Rwanda’s capital city, and save the day, they were in Kigali all along.

The RPF gained a foothold in Kigali through their constant deceptions and manipulations of the “peace process,” and with the support of their international backers, especially the United States. The RPF ‘rebels’ were better trained, better equipped, better organized than any and all other combatants in Rwanda and, notably, numerous sources claim that the RPF had the capacity to stop the killings. Sources also report that the Forces Armees Rwandais —the Rwandan government army—didn’t have the resources to fight both the RPF and the Interahamwe . Professors Christian Davenport (U. Maryland) and Allan Stam (Dartmouth) published research in 2004 that showed that the killings began with a small, dedicated cadre of Hutu militiamen, but quickly cascaded in mythology essay, an ever-widening circle, with Hutu and Tutsi playing the roles of both attackers and mla format with victims. Their team of researchers also found that only 250,000 people were killed, not the 800,000 plus advanced by essay, the RPF, and that for every Tutsi killed two Hutus were killed. The research unleashed a firestorm: the emerson essay on friendship analysis, media jumped on them for denying genocide. “Our research suggests that many of the victims, possibly even a majority, were Hutus—there weren’t enough Tutsis in Rwanda at the time to account for all the reported deaths… When you add it all up it looks a lot more like politically motivated mass killing than genocide. A wide diversity of individuals, both Hutu and Tutsi, systematically used the greek mythology essay paper, mass killing to settle political, economic and personal scores.” [32] “When you look at phd dissertations the motivations of the Interahamwe leadership and young people in the Interahamwe they were motivated by money,” notes former ORINFOR director Jean-Marie Higiro. Some Hutu businessmen were giving out essay, loans, contributing to political parties of both the Rwandan government and the RPF rebels. “These guys wanted to do business: people were motivated by different interests.” “Many Hutu and electrical engineering Tutsi businessmen prospered under the Habyarimana regime,” Jean-Marie Higiro notes. “They received government contracts and loans from government banks and greek essay paper suddenly became rich. During this period of uncertainty they contributed money to the RPF, MRND, and opposition parties—always speculating on the winner.

That is why, after the war, very few Hutu businessmen who had contributed to the RPF reopened their business immediately. That is mla format essay why some Tutsi businessmen who contributed to the RPF made an excellent calculation. After the war they reaped off the benefits.” [33] Some facts in the film are true. To begin with, in every sense of the terms “human rights” and greek essay “humanitarianism,” the western powers betrayed the people of Rwanda. The whites were rapidly evacuated, the blacks abandoned, including the many African staffers of international agencies. The French armed the Hutu side, and coursework they evacuated key Hutu elite at the first opportunity, but the greek paper, United States, U.K. and haig Belgium armed the Tutsis. There was a Rwandan man named Paul Rusesabagina and he would, one day, be working at mythology paper the Hotel des Mille Collines, but he was the manager of the Hotel des Diplomats. Phd Dissertations Engineering! The Tutsi rebels were blamed with the assassination of the presidents of Rwanda and Burundi, but the film convinces us they didn’t do it, when everything suggests they did.

And it is certainly true that hundreds of greek mythology essay paper, thousands of macbeth corruption essay, Rwandans died. Hotel Rwanda is a work of greek mythology paper, fiction. As a cultural artifact produced by corruption, an affluent entertainment industry in the West, and for greek mythology essay paper, affluent western consumers, but focused on phd dissertations electrical engineering, a distant and exoticized culture about which the essay paper, affluent western consumers know very little, or nothing at all, it serves to consolidate the ideological pillars of disinformation that came before it, and upon which it was built. According to many and varied knowledgeable sources, including hotel insiders: Rwanda was not abandoned by the western powers: Belgium, France, Canada, England and the United States were all militarily involved in the 1994 conflict. Because there are Israeli connections to the current government, it is likely that Israeli military agents were also involved. These were no bystanders to haig coursework, genocide, as Samantha Power and the Atlantic Monthly and others would like us to think, but active participants in a ruthless international military conflagration. Greek Essay Paper! Note that amongst Atlantic Monthly’s primary advertisers [read: sponsors] is Lockheed Martin [aerospace and defense] Corporation. The hotel was not under a state of siege early on as the movie suggests—an elegant wedding took place there during the fray, and it married the sister of the Tutsi businessman Kamana Claver, who had contracts with the Hutu government. According to one guest, powerful Hutus and Tutsis regularly came and went. When the water to the hotel was shut off, forcing the ‘refugees’ to drink the water from the swimming pool, it was not shut off by the Hutu genocidaires , as implied in the film, but by the Tutsi RPF army, who cut power to the city.

General Bizimungu appears in the very first scenes of the film, prior to the double presidential assassination: yet when the plane was shot down on April 6, 1994, General Bizimungu was still a Colonel, and he was far from Kigali. According to one hotel guest, who remains unnamed for fear of macbeth corruption essay, retribution, Paul Rusesabagina, the film’s hero, in no way wielded the kind of influence as depicted throughout the film: “Paul was a very simple man like me in front of the Interahamwe . If he succeeded to save some Tutsi from his home he was most probably helped by some influential Interahamwe friend, say Georges Rutaganda. He was as vulnerable as I was and could not oppose any action against the will of the militia and much less of the army. He lies when he feints to call General Bizimungu for help, because the Hotel des Mille Collines was under the jurisdiction of Colonel Renzaho. Bizimungu lived at the northern war front lines, and he only came to mythology, Kigali four days after the plane was shot down and phd dissertations I never saw him at the hotel.” [34] “There is overwhelming evidence,” wrote Rutigita Macumu, in an opinion piece titled “Paul Rusesabagina Not a Hero!” that appeared in Rwanda’s The New Times state-owned newspaper on November 5, 2005, “that Paul Rusesabagina did not particularly go out of his way to bring the people, who were being hunted, to the Mille Collines Hotel haven, to protect them once they were in the hotel, to procure them food or even water when they were unable to pay for mythology essay, them, or to devise any uncommon means to fend off the haig, killer gangs outside the hotel. It is highly apparent that he only fulfilled his duty, as directed by greek mythology paper, his Sabena bosses, to run the hotel well and engineering cater for all its occupants.” [35] Georges Rutaganda, the greek, Rwandan man misportrayed as the devil beer salesman and erstwhile murderer of Tutsis in Hotel Rwanda , writes that Paul Rusesabagina was no disinterested, apolitical hotel manager, but an important activist member of a national political party. On 12 April 1994, Rusesabagina shifted to the Htel des Mille Collines where he acted as its new director because the h lovecraft, other, the Htel des Diplomats where Rusesabagina was working, had been evacuated by foreign troops. Hotel Rwanda depicts Rusesabagina at the Htel des Mille Collines prior to the double presidential assassinations of 6 April 2004. Rutaganda claims to greek mythology paper, have visited the hotel and seen guests from both Hutu and Tutsi ethnic groups, including: Rubangura Vedaste; Mutalikanwa Flicien; Dr. Gasasira Jean Baptiste; Kamana Claver; Kajuga Wicklif; Rwigema Celestin; Kamilindi Thomas; and emerson essay others.

Rutaganda claims that very few UNAMIR soldiers were around, and they were incidental to security: the Hutu Gendarmes of the FAR army were manning a roadblock at mythology essay paper the main entrance. He also claims that the “refugees” in emerson essay on friendship, the U.N. Greek! convoy that were turned back at a roadblock “were the real elite cream of Tutsi ethnic tribe. Had one been really spurred by bad intentions this would have been a great occasion to decapitate the Tutsi ethnic group. Families of with, former ministers, of doctors, of greek, lawyers, of collected p science, big business men, of highly educated men, of professors, etc, were among them.” If the ‘genocide’ were so organized and calculated, and greek paper quick to strike, then Rutaganda has a very interesting point: how did it happen that the elite of the Tutsi tribe were protected and evacuated by UNAMIR troops and Hutu Gendarmes? Of course, all Hutus are killers, and no one will believe a genocidaire : Georges Rutaganda was sentenced to life in prison by the ICTR.

Can George Rutaganda’s claims be corroborated? “Georges Rutaganda cooperated with the U.N. to mla format, save all those people.” ICTR investigator Phil Taylor offers a compelling portrait of the Hotel Rwanda ’s supposed devil himself: Rutaganda didn’t incite hate crimes, he called for calm and respect for the Red Cross; Rutaganda was never accused of the rape and sexual slavery depicted in greek mythology, the film; and coursework Rutaganda never traded in machetes. Indeed, Human Rights Watch in January 1994 identified an English businessman who had imported tens of thousands of machetes into Rwanda.[36] More importantly, virtually everyone in Rwanda (and Congo) owns a machete and they use it for farming; what would be unusual is if someone did not have a machete. Anyways, it was not machetes that did the mythology paper, most killing. Rape was off the agenda at the ICTR until Hillary Clinton showed up in with, Arusha and pledged $600,000 to be paid after the greek essay paper, first ICTR rape conviction, and that’s where the Tutsi women collected in essay, the fictitious Rutaganda compound in Hotel Rwanda come from. Paper! Hillary Clinton visited the ICTR and bribed the court, and the issue of rape was immediately elevated and phd dissertations electrical a perpetrator needed to be found to satisfy the court, no matter their innocence or guilt, and meet Hillary Clinton’s conditions for essay paper, $600,000 bribe. “I was Georges Anderson Nderubumwe Rutaganda's lead trial counsel,” said Attorney Tiphaine Dickson, “and [I] was present in phd dissertations electrical, Arusha, in the courtroom, in fact, the very day Hillary Clinton paid her visit. There were no ‘pinning’ charges of rape against my client.

No such allegation ever appeared on any indictment against mythology essay paper, him, so naturally, he was not convicted of any such offense. Electrical Engineering! Jean-Paul Akayesu, however, also on trial at that time (the trials were heard concurrently, and by greek mythology paper, the same panel of emerson essay analysis, judges) did see his indictment amended, after the Prosecution had rested, to include rape, and he was convicted in what the ICTR trumpeted was a ‘landmark’ decision on September 2nd, 1998.” [36-a] The Hollywood Rwanda film offers a fictitious U.N. Colonel Oliver (Nick Nolte) as a substitute for the Canadian Lt. Gen. Romo Dallaire, who is absent from the greek essay paper, film. (It is believed that Dallaire asked too much money from the filmmakers for the use of general, his name or character.) Romo Dallaire allegedly worked not as an impartial United Nations commander, but as an agent for the invading RPF army. Dallaire reportedly approached Hutu military commanders to convince them to follow the winds of change and embrace the RPF program. Dallaire was rarely present at the hotel, according to witnesses, but his substitute (Nick Nolte) is always there, and he is mythology essay painted as a sympathetic and essay quotes neutral humanitarian. Dallaire mentions in his book how he passed by the Htel des Mille Collines, but in his own meticulously detailed recounting of the daily events and travels around Kigali from 06 April to 10 April, 1994, for example, Dallaire stops at the Htel des Mille Collines only once. [37]

According to Chris Black, a lead counsel at the International Criminal Tribunal on mythology paper, Rwanda (ICTR) since 2000, U.N. documents brought into testimony at the ICTR in October 2005 clearly establish that UNAMIR’s Lt. Gen. Romo Dallaire: was an agent of the RPF; helped shoot down the plane in the double presidential assassination; covered up the collected p science, preparation of the final RPF offensive assisted by Uganda, the essay, U.S. and U.K.; lied to his United Nations boss Jacques-Roger Booh-Booh about it. Contrary to the caring, humanitarian character of Colonel Oliver—as presented by Nick Nolte in the film—in real-life General Dallaire allegedly arranged for the closure of the western approach to phd dissertations, the Kigali runway at mythology paper the request of the RPF. This made it easier for the RPF and others to track the presidential plane as it came in from the east. The Belgian contingent of the U.N. force was in control of the airport area and the area from which the missiles were fired, and a Belgian military unit (the “peacekeepers” killed later) were the only people caught by the Hutu army coming out of the collected essay, firing area after the plane was shot down, after the army threw up a cordon to try to catch the culprits. “All of Dallaire’s actions only greek, make sense in this light,” lawyer Chris Black explains. Pace University Essay! “Dallaire admits in his book that he was close to Paul Kagame and admired him. He helped Kagame by covering up the RPF build-up for an offensive in violation of the greek essay paper, Arusha Accords, while at the same time helping with the anti-government propaganda of the RPF. The Belgian’s actively engaged on the side of the RPF and once the plane was shot down they attacked FAR army and gendarme positions alongside the RPF. We have radio intercepts of the RPF talking about their help from the collected p science, Belgians and others.

By saying Dallaire was an mythology paper RPF agent I am of course really saying he worked for the Americans under the orders of Ottawa.” [38] Lt. Phd Dissertations Engineering! General Romo Dallaire was no peacekeeper: he was an mythology active military strategist—a war-maker. The Political Economy of Genocide. Prior to the cataclysm of 1994, the RPF set up its political base in mla format quotes, Belgium. When Belgian “peacekeepers” are murdered by “Hutus” in Hotel Rwanda —the blue helmets are scattered on mythology essay paper, the ground in front of our horrified U.N. hero, Colonel Oliver (Nick Nolte)—the false inference is that the genocidaires’ calculated killing of the Belgians would provoke a UNAMIR withdrawal from Rwanda. This is a central pillar of the genocide theory: with the Belgian ‘peacekeepers’ out of the gcse coursework, way, the Hutu killing machine had free reign to shift into high gear. I n reality, the Belgians were immediately killed because they were the political accomplices of a ruthless bunch of terrorists, the invading RPF army. Substantial evidence entered into greek, public record in the ICTR’s so-called ‘Military I’ and ‘Military II’ trials (both began in h lovecraft, 2005) contradicts the fundamental premise above—and the mythology essay, central theory of the ICTR prosecution—by showing that Hutu officers charged by the ICTR with complicity in the Belgians’ murder actually risked their lives trying to save the Belgian soldiers.

The U.N. Force Commission—set up immediately after the attack on electrical engineering, the Belgians by U.N. Force Commander General Dallaire—concluded the same. Eyewitness testimony by a U.N. Mythology Essay! Military Observer also states that there were not ten Belgian soldiers killed, but thirteen. “This is h lovecraft p science a point of some interest in essay paper, Belgium,” writes Chris Black, “where the government claims to gcse, have lost only ten men.” [39] So who were those three Belgian soldiers and what was their mission? Hotel Rwanda dares not introduce such questions: to do so would be heresy. But the United States knows, and the RPF knows and the legal ‘experts’ at the ICTR all know that the genocide theory would crumble under the greek essay paper, admission of the truth. According to essay analysis, ICTR lawyers, U.N. documents show that Lt. General Romo Dallaire was aware, at least from December 1993, and probably before, that the RPF, with the mythology, support of the Ugandan Army, was daily violating the Arusha Accords by sending into Rwanda men, materiel, and light and heavy weapons.

That is how the U.S., Belgians and pace Canadians assisted the RPF/A in greek mythology essay paper, preparing for the final solution in Rwanda—total military victory over the Hutus. [40] “The RPF engaged in assassinations of officials, politicians and civilians, and attempted to cast the blame on the government,” writes Chris Black. “Dallaire assisted in this campaign by suppressing facts concerning these crimes and openly siding with the RPF propaganda statements.” [41] It was not UNAMIR soldiers who guarded the H otel but Gendarmes (paramilitary police) dispatched by the Hutu government. This fact flies in the face of the “genocide” mythology. If the hotel was full of Tutsis targeted by genocide, why was it being protected by phd dissertations electrical engineering, the very same architects of that supposed genocide? The Hotel was not filled only greek essay, with Tutsis (refugees from genocide): it was full of mla format, powerful Tutsis and Hutus (with Tutsis in the majority) with political and economic connections to powerful factions both inside and outside of essay paper, Rwanda. Questions about the composition of the ‘mostly Tutsi’ RPF invaders provoke questions about the ethnic composition of the phd dissertations electrical engineering, Interahamwe militias and commercial relationships that transcended ethnicity. Such details are overlooked in the western reductionism on Rwanda—because they contradict the official and burgeoning Rwanda holocaust industry and the U.S.

State Department fictions. The following ethnic inconsistencies are very revealing: Robert Kajuga, was the Tutsi President of the notorious “genocidal” Rwandan Interahamwe ; Kamana Claver was a Tutsi businessman and frequent recipient of large government-awarded contracts from the “genocidal” Hutu government; Celestin Sebulikoko was a Tutsi businessman and greek mythology essay strong supporter of the main Hutu political party (MRND); he is believed disappeared by the RPF; A Tutsi named Mpangaza, who worked for pace entrance, the Rwandan government firm TRANSINTRA, reportedly manned a powerful machine gun at greek mythology paper an Interahamwe roadblock in downtown Kigali in 1994; he was a well-known Interahamwe ; he lives peacefully in Rwanda today; The son of Juvenal Gatorano, a Tutsi customs agent with the Habyarimana government’s Ministry of Finance, was always seen at university entrance Interahamwe rallies. These facts, if true, provide compelling evidence that it was not a coordinated genocide that occurred in Rwanda in 1994, but a civil war, and a western proxy war, with deep political, economic and military motivations behind the greek essay paper, atrocities. Acts of genocide certainly occurred, as did crimes against humanity, but “acts” of macbeth of power essay, genocide do not constitute genocide as defined by the international legal frameworks on genocide. An entire ethnic group could be wiped out, say the last 100 Penan nomads in Sarawak, for example, but if they are incidentally eliminated in greek mythology paper, the calculated and racist process of logging their forests—which is exactly what has happened to the Penan—it is not necessarily “genocide” according to the narrow international legal frameworks of the Genocide Convention. Equally troublesome, the U.S. might have annihilated every last Japanese citizen in phd dissertations engineering, 1945, but few today would characterize the atomic bombings in Hiroshima and greek paper Nagasaki as genocidal in nature or intent. The calculated nature upheld as the basis for macbeth, genocide in Rwanda has always revolved around the supposed “lists” created by Hutu genocidaires : lists of Tutsis who were subsequently eliminated because, first and greek mythology essay foremost, they were Tutsis; such “lists” were purportedly created by the Hutu genocide machine. “Any army would have lists of their political enemies,” notes ICTR investigator Phil Taylor. “This is on friendship analysis not unusual.” The Rwandan government likely had its lists, the greek essay, RPF had their own lists, and both went about assassinating their enemies. Phil Taylor notes that the prosecution at analysis the ICTR has not produced any lists—of any kind—as evidence subsequently used for Rwanda genocide convictions.

In the aftermath of the World Trade towers attack the intelligence armies of the United States generated an extensive list of “enemies of the state”—a list they maintain today—most of whom were/are of Islamic ethnicity. Do the existence of these lists constitute genocidal intent? “There is essay paper a stunning lack of documentary evidence of a government plan to commit genocide,” write lawyer Chris Black. “There are no orders, minutes of essay h lovecraft p science, meetings, notes, cables, faxes, radio intercepts or any other type of documentation that such a plan ever existed. In fact, the documentary evidence establishes just the opposite.” [42] U.S.

Pentagon lawyers imported to the ICTR from the Judge Advocacy General (JAG) Corps have heavily skewed the ICTR in favor of the U.S.-supported RPF. Also, the ICTR has not returned a single verdict against RPF Tutsi soldiers or Tutsi leadership; former ICTR prosecutor Carla Del Ponte was removed for essay, her attempts to prosecute Tutsis. [43] “The ICTR risks being a part of the phd dissertations engineering, problem rather than the paper, solution,” wrote Filip Reyntjens, Belgian historian and essay with quotes expert witness on genocide in Rwanda, in 2004. “I cannot any longer be involved in this process.” [44] The International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda (ICTR), the sister of the Hague Tribunal, consolidates the popular mythology on essay paper, genocide in Rwanda by playing its role as an international judicial body which, by corruption essay, default, must be beyond reproach or bias. While demonizing the Hutu leadership and justifying the RPF dictatorship now in control of mythology paper, Rwanda, writes Chris Black, it also serves as a means of presenting a completely false history of the events in Rwanda, and covering up the pace university entrance essay, murder of the two Hutu heads of state and the massacres of essay paper, hundreds of thousands of innocent people by the RPF and its allies. Mla Format Essay! [45] In Hotel Rwanda , the genocidal Hutus blame the paper, Tutsi RPF rebels for shooting down the essay, plane that killed the two presidents, and because the film demonizes every Hutu, the viewer is convinced that the mythology essay, Hutu’s are lying, deflecting attention from their own nasty deeds. Pace Entrance! However, evidence suggests that an RPF terror cell in Kigali shot down the Presidential airplane. Also on the plane was a Forces Armee Rwandais general, a pivotal target for the RPF. Greek! Former U.N. Mla Format Quotes! Secretary General Boutros Boutros-Ghali offered journalist Robin Philpot the claim that the Central Intelligence Agency was almost certainly involved. “As early as 1997,” writes a Spanish legal team that in 2005 filed suit against Paul Kagame and his RPF cadre, “a team of investigators appointed by greek essay, the ICTR—Michael Hourigan, Alphonse Breau and James Lyons—released reports, then held as classified, which revealed that the attack was masterminded by high-ranking RPF military and not by Hutu extremists as had been believed until then. These disclosures were corroborated in 2004 by gcse coursework, the remarkable testimony of Abdul Ruzibiza, a member of the RPF commando unit which perpetrated the attack on the presidential plane.”[46]

I am an eye witness to what took place when the SA-16 was fired because I was present, writes Ruzibiza in greek mythology, his recently released book, Rwanda: L'histoire Secrete ( The Secret History of Rwanda ). Ruzibiza alleges that after the missile attack on the plane, soldiers of the pace university entrance, RPF who had been readied in paper, advance were assembled to immediately launch attacks that culminated in the fall of essay, Kigali on July 4, 1994. [47] There is mythology paper also the definitive statement by Paul Mugabe, a Former Intelligence Officer of the essay on friendship analysis, RPA, titled: Declaration on the Shooting Down of the Aircraft Carrying Rwandan President Juvenal Habyarimana and Burundi President Cyprien Ntaryamira on essay, April 6, 1994 . Paul Mugabe alleges that two weeks before the crash of the Presidential aircraft, [then] Major General Kagame sent [then] Lt. Colonel James Kabarebe to bring the SA-7 surface-to-air missiles to the RPA detachment in collected h lovecraft p science, Kigali, and to give final instructions for attacking Rwandese Army forces (FAR) and shooting down the plane. Two RPF leaders, Colonels Kanyarengwe Alexis and mythology Lizinde Theoneste, who had earlier served in the Habyarimana Government, gave information and macbeth of power essay instructions as to where the missiles should be placed. (Col. Lizinde Theoneste, who later defected, was subsequently assassinated in 1998 by greek, RPF operatives in phd dissertations electrical engineering, Nairobi, Kenya, in greek, order to ensure the secrecy of the missile operation.) Two weeks before the double presidential assassination, 12 artillery systems were brought from engineering Uganda, and essay arrived at RPA headquarters. Other RPF defectors also credit the RPF with shooting down the plane carrying the Rwandan and Burundian leadership. Long-time RPF officer Lt.

Aloys Ruyenzi claims that the assassination plan was hatched at an RPF meeting on 31 March 1994: “The Chairman of the meeting was Major General Paul Kagame, and the following officers were present: Colonel Kayumba Nyamwasa; Colonel Thoneste Lizinde; Lt. Colonel James Kabarebe; Major Jacob Tumwine; and Captain Charles Karamba. General Coursework! I heard Paul Kagame asking Colonel Lizinde to report about his investigations and I have seen Colonel Lizinde giving to Paul Kagame a map of the selected place for the plane shooting etc.” [48] Lt. Aloys Ruyenzi also accuses General Paul Kagame and greek mythology essay paper (now) General James Kabarebe of overseeing the massacres of Hutu and essay p science Tutsi civilians, both in the field and at crematoriums set up to dispose of the evidence. Ruyenzi is just one defector with a compelling story. He claims he has witnessed helicopter gunships shelling villages, and massacres, tortures and summary executions as policy. Many of the human rights atrocities committed by the Kagame regime have been documented by human rights organizations. “Gen. James Kabarebe was the commander of the reverse-genocide army,” says Howard W. French, referring to the military campaign where hundreds of greek essay paper, thousands of with, Hutu refugees were hunted down and greek mythology paper slaughtered by emerson, the Tutsi RPA and their western allies in greek paper, Congo. [49] Eighty percent of these Rwandan refugees were women and children; 50% were under 15 years old. [50]

This genocidal reign of terror to hunt down and massacre non-combatant Hutu men, women and children was spearheaded by the Rwandan Patriotic Front (RPF) and Ugandan People’s Defense Forces (UPDF), who were running the show for Laurent Kabila’s Allied Front for the Democratic Liberation of Congo (AFDL)—and it was backed by government and private factions from the United States, the U.K., Canada and Belgium. One eyewitness to the skeletons piling up pinpoints mass graves that were later sanitized in essay h lovecraft, advance of the United Nations mission to greek mythology paper, investigate the RPF/UPDF/AFDL massacres of hundreds of thousands of unarmed Hutu civilians. [51] The contra- genocide against Hutus continues today: at macbeth corruption of power this writing the forces are aligned to exterminate the remaining 40,000 Hutus in paper, Congo: they are all written off as genocidaires who fled Rwanda in mla format essay with, 1994, even though most surviving FDLR were too young to have participated in greek mythology essay, genocide. [52] Sabena officials were not surprised and mla format horrified to mythology, be getting a call from some hotel manager in Rwanda, as depicted in the film: one week prior to the October 1990 invasion of Rwanda by the RPF, Sabena Airlines rerouted its airline crews (pilots, hostesses) away from the Hotel des Mille Collines and off to Burundi for their overnights. This was no random decision: it was a calculated policy action meant to insure the safety of company employees in macbeth essay, the face of greek paper, a coming war. Sabena was well informed. A Belgian firm born out of the post-Leopold aviation era in Congo, Sabena was later used to ship diamonds, and probably coltan (columbium-tantalite), out of Kigali by the RPF elites, whose base, again, was in Brussels. It is macbeth essay believed that Sabena’s eventual “bankruptcy” was intended to cover their tracks and essay shield principals from any possible future legal actions stemming from electrical engineering their pillage in mythology essay paper, the Congo.

What about the elusive American diamond magnate Maurice Tempelsman and his connection to Bill and Hillary Clinton and the diamonds coming out of emerson essay on friendship, Kigali? “I don’t think that’s ever been written about in the New York Times ,” said Howard W. French. [53] Howard W. French conferred that Maurice Tempelsman employed Lawrence Devlin, former CIA station chief from Mobutu’s Zaire, and that he maintains close ties with the CIA. Tempelsman is also on the board of directors of the Harvard AIDS Institute and the Africa-America Institute (Donald Payne is also deeply involved, as is Gayle Smith, formerly Bill Clinton’s National Security Council advisor on African Affairs). Greek Mythology Essay! Maurice Tempelsman was Jacqueline Kennedy Onassis’s lover, he was reported to be Madeleine Albright’s lover, and he was one of the 99 people who accompanied Bill Clinton on his 1998 Africa victory tour. Emerson On Friendship Analysis! Tempelsman is one of the many untouchables behind the quagmire in Central Africa. [54] Why has the United States blocked all attempts to investigate the greek mythology essay paper, shooting down of the plane and the double presidential assassination that sparked the cataclysm on April 6, 1994? Why hasn’t the United Nations pursued an inquiry? It is a very mysterious scandal,” wrote author Robin Philpot. “Four reports have been made on Rwanda: the French Parliament Report, the emerson on friendship analysis, Belgian Senate Report, Kofi Annan's U.N. report, and the Organization of African Unity report. All four say absolutely nothing about the paper, shooting down of the Rwandan President's plane. That just goes to show the power of the intelligence services that can force people to be quiet.”

Philpot continues: “The only partial exception is the seven year investigation conducted by the French anti-terrorist judge Jean-Louis Bruguire. Mla Format! That investigation has implicated current Rwandan President Paul Kagame and the Rwandan Patriotic Front for having planned, ordered and greek mythology carried out the phd dissertations electrical engineering, April 6 assassination.” [55] Says ICTR lawyer Chris Black: “President Mobutu’s chief of intelligence, Honore Ngambo, in his book published in France a few months ago [ Western Crimes in Central Africa , 2005] relates the meeting between Habyarimana and Mobutu two days before Habyaramana was murdered. The Hutu President told Mobutu that he had been warned by Herman Cohen—the U.S. African Affairs man—that unless he ceded all power to the RPF his body would be dragged through the streets and his government tried before an international tribunal. Habyarimana received the same threats from the Belgians, and the Canadian General Dallaire was involved. Habyarimana was informed by greek mythology essay paper, his agents in the RPF camp at Mulindi that his plane would be shot down. He didn’t know the exact date.” [56] The RPF opposed any military intervention in Rwanda after 6 April 1994.

The RPF knew the military situation of the Rwandan army (morale and ammunition) and essay with it did not want any military intervention to snatch its victory from it. The RPF’s official sponsors in Washington, London and Brussels told whoever would listen that any international force would be met with RPF military resistance. The RPF was the only force that had the capacity to mythology, stop the killing, but they didn’t. ICTR lawyer Chris Black verifies that U.N. documents entered in the ICTR record establish that the Gendarmerie did all it could with the resources it had to restore calm, but could not, and that the FAR army could not both fight the RPF and essay quotes restore calm among the civilians. This following statement comes from an greek mythology essay paper unnamed survivor who was in Kigali in phd dissertations electrical, April, 1994, where he lost his entire family to the killings: some of mythology paper, his family were Hutus, some Tutsis, and he began by stating he does not support the ideologies that align themselves along ethnic fault lines. The interview took place in Bukavu, DRC, in engineering, August 2005: “Many Hutus lost family members on greek mythology paper, the border with Uganda after the RPA invaded in 1990. This is collected h lovecraft p science where Hutu hatred of Tutsis started. The Tutsi continued to perpetrate crimes to weaken the government of Habyarimana even while the government was being forced to negotiate with the RPF.

Each Tutsi family had sent one or two boys to the RPF army in Uganda. Greek Mythology Essay Paper! We knew these boys – they used to general gcse coursework, say, ‘O.K. goodbye. We are going to Uganda.’ “ “Hutus saw this. The Tutsis [RPF] were pushing the hatred higher and higher every day. Even Hutus knew that all Tutsis had to greek essay, attend meetings at the end of the analysis, month to raise money for the RPF. I heard Habyarimana every day saying on the radio, ‘Don’t kill Tutsis: if you do you will lose everything.’ Even as the Arusha Peace Accords were going on [1993] the RPF were starting to kill the intellectuals, the Hutu leaders, in Rwanda.” “They [RPF] were putting bombs in public places, in markets and gare routieres [roundabouts], and in mythology essay paper, night clubs—I almost died in one night club attack.

The Tutsis [RPF] knew what they were doing but the Hutus didn’t know what was happening. The RPF waited until the fruit was really ripe—when there was deep hatred of Tutsis by Hutus—and then they [RPA] killed President Habyarimana.” “They killed Habyarimana because they knew he was the only one who could stop the Hutus from engineering killing Tutsis. That is why, every day, I say that: the genocide was not planned by essay, Hutus, it was planned by essay on friendship analysis, Tutsis: it was planned by the RPF . Even after the Interahamwe killed my wife, even after all the horrible things that have happened to essay, me, I believe the Tutsis created the genocide. And for entrance essay, me it was a war between brothers: the Hutus had an mythology paper army and the Tutsis had an army and there was fighting at general gcse every level.” [57] Notably, the source for greek paper, the Hotel Rwanda Companion Book timeline chapter is the Central Intelligence Agency World Factbook 2004 (the previous chapter is filled with the standard deceptions, and it appears without attribution). [58]

It is collected essay h lovecraft p science not surprising then that the roles of the U.S. and other outside Western powers and greek multinational corporations are hidden. Corruption Of Power Essay! The most egregious omissions revolve around the Democratic Republic of Congo: the ongoing destruction and depopulation of Congo receives remarkably little press coverage in contrast to the Darfur region of neighboring Sudan, despite the greek mythology essay paper, obvious evidence that the scale and nature of of power essay, atrocities against innocent civilians in Congo has been far worse, over a longer period of time, and with profound but unnecessary human suffering. After consolidating power in Rwanda in 1994, and mythology essay following on massive crimes against humanity there, the RPF shelled and dismantled refugee camps in eastern Congo (then Zaire) in the summer of 1996, in further massive and egregious violations of essay quotes, international law and the Geneva Convention. The new RPF government has never wavered in mythology essay paper, its efficacious crusade of calling attention to an ongoing genocide against the Tutsis —the Jews of Africa—who were “abandoned by the United States and Europe” to ostensibly suffer the fate of genocide, but this is an affront to the Jewish people and, in particular, to the Holocaust victims and survivors of World War II. The pretext of ongoing ‘genocide’ against the Tutsis has been used by the RPF over and over to pace university entrance, justify the mythology, most egregious and hostile violations of international law and human rights. Continuing to implement what is now clearly a well-coordinated and premeditated plan, and with complete logistical and tactical military support from the Pentagon and collected its outsourced private military companies—including Halliburton, Ronco, and Military Professional Resources Incorporated—the RPF followed its Rwanda victory by invading the sovereign territory of Congo (Zaire), its huge western neighbor. [59]

Drawing on its previous military alliance, training and rear bases in Uganda, the RPF allied with Yoweri Museveni and the Ugandan Peoples Defense Forces (UPDF) to march across the Congo, unseat Habyarimana’s close friend, Congo’s (Zaire’s) President Mobutu Sese Seko, and mythology conquer the vast, mineral rich Congo. “The international community has refused to bring effective pressure to bear on Rwanda to create conditions of security,” wrote Rwanda scholar David Newbury, in 1996. [60] Marginalized groups like the Rally for the Return of Refugees and Democracy in essay, Rwanda have repeatedly echoed this obvious truth. Mythology! “The continuous prevalence of impunity has encouraged the leaders of the RPF/RPA to macbeth corruption of power, perpetrate crimes against humanity, war crimes and greek mythology essay acts of genocide in Rwanda and DRC without fear of general haig gcse, prosecution. It has consolidated the power and the wealth of mythology essay, criminal elements within the RPF-led dictatorial regime.” [61] And so it continues today. Corruption Of Power Essay! Paul Kagame and greek essay James Kabarebe and the Tutsi RPF-dominated government of Rwanda continue to university essay, destabilize the Great Lakes Region of greek essay paper, Africa, with infiltration of terror cells throughout the neighboring Congo, just as they did in Rwanda (1985-1994). They are appeased or courted, the saintly victims of genocide, and they enjoy total impunity and general gcse all the benefits of an elite club. Similarly, the Human Rights Watch press alert of July 1, 2005, for example, targeting the Congolese government, is a veiled defense of Rwandan-US interests in DRC: it is written by Alison Des Forges, from Kigali. [62] Both the Hotel Rwanda film and companion book neatly encapsulate the entire mythology of genocide in Rwanda and greek mythology essay paper the invented heroism of now president Paul Kagame and the Rwanda Patriotic Front (RPF). The true and deeper facts that receive little attention, if any at all, are: the RPF’s illegal invasion of Rwanda from Uganda in 1990; its record of war crimes committed from 1990-1994; the RPF double assassination of the Hutu presidents of Burundi and Rwanda on April 6, 1994; the RPF’s massive contre -genocide of hundreds of thousands of Hutu refugees in Congo (Zaire), of refugees returning to Rwanda from Congo, and phd dissertations electrical of Hutus in greek mythology, Rwanda itself; 5 the phd dissertations electrical engineering, RPF’s repeated invasions and continuing looting and devastation of the Congo, with the involvement and sanction of RPF officials at mythology essay the highest level, that continues today; and general gcse the collaborating roles of mythology, Western institutions, individuals and university entrance essay corporations, and the economic and greek political benefits that accrue to them, at the expense of Africa and her people. What has motivated Paul Rusesabagina?

It is interesting to note that Rusesabagina has been widely lauded and financially rewarded for his story, the rights to his story, and for electrical engineering, his alignment with U.S. Greek Mythology Essay Paper! government and military officials in service to various political and military agendas. Haig Gcse Coursework! In 2000 he was awarded the Immortal Chaplain’s prize, and received the award with a handshake from U.S. Republican Senator Bob Dole. Mythology Paper! [63] “As for Paul Rusesabagina,” wrote Rutigita Macumu, in Rwanda’s The New Times newspaper, “he will go down in the annals of essay on friendship, history as a man who sold the soul of the Rwandan Genocide to mythology, amass medals, including, among others, the Amnesty International's Enduring Spirit, the mla format, Immortal Chaplain Foundation's Prize for Humanity, the Tigar Center's Human Rights Award, the National Civil Rights Museum's Freedom Award, and now the prestigious Presidential Model of Freedom Award from the sitting American president, George W. Bush.” [64] In 2004, Paul Rusesabagina traveled with a Pentagon escort and his namesake actor Don Cheadle to Darfur, Sudan, to draw attention to the popularized, officially accredited ‘genocide’ occurring there. [65] This author had a chance to interview Paul Rusesabagina in 2007. The interview, and this story, both stand uniquely alone, developed as they were in a certain chronological order. (See: THE GRINDING MACHINE: TERROR AND GENOCIDE IN RWANDA , interview with Paul Rusesabagina, April 15, 2007 http://www.allthingspass.com/journalism.php?catid=47). Rwandan Defense Forces were dispatched to greek mythology essay, Darfur where, along with the African Union and engineering some U.S. military, they serve as U.S. proxy warriors: these are troops responsible for some of the most egregious acts of genocide and crimes against greek essay, humanity committed in Rwanda and Congo. Entrance Essay! [66] Hotel Rwanda is merely the latest production in a protracted campaign of mythology essay paper, psychological warfare. It is a dangerous work of agitation propaganda because it wets the pace university essay, wide and naive eyes and touches the open and caring hearts of Western viewers. It is deceptive and when viewers depart the cinema with popcorn and chocolate stuck between their teeth they leave thinking they know something about essay paper what happened in Rwanda.

We as viewers enjoy the idea that we are being educated, when instead we are being indoctrinated, and the insidious effects of the indoctrination are unappreciated. Hotel Rwanda exemplifies the careless, simplistic reductionism that is universally manifest in coursework, the West’s representations of Africa. Phil Taylor, former investigator for the International Criminal Tribunal on Rwanda (ICTR) says it aptly. “For anyone who followed closely the 1994 crisis in Rwanda the highly touted film Hotel Rwanda is merely propaganda statements interrupted by bouts of acting.” [67] The racism and segregation that played out in paper, the Rwanda cataclysm of collected, 1994, where there were very different conditions and outcomes between whites and blacks, continues to be played out today. The telling and re-telling of the Rwanda ‘genocide’ story by its very nature revolves around a system of institutionalized segregation. Powerful whites in powerful ‘gatekeeper’ positions in the West hold a virtual monopoly over the information. Alongside of them are the select voices of non-whites who validate the predominant discourse.

These ‘experts’ include Alison des Forges; Romo Dallaire; Philip Gourevitch; Victoria Brittain; Samantha Power; Mahmood Mamdani; and many, many others. “They believe Alison des Forges because she is white and they don’t believe me because I am black and I don’t speak English so well,” says Jean-Marie Higiro. “She is the expert, even though she was an observer and I was a participant.” We can’t intimately know the hardships of Paul Rusesabagina, or the trauma of Romo Dallaire, or the mythology essay paper, sorrows of Jean-Marie Higiro, or the emerson essay analysis, suffering of the other survivors of the greek mythology essay, cataclysm in Rwanda, and we must search our own souls on their behalf: the struggle of good versus evil reigns within us all. General! Indeed, there is a certain arrogance behind this writing, because neither was I a participant in Rwanda. But any hesitation I have in challenging the ‘right and proper tale’ is overwhelmed by essay paper, the obscenity of the obvious injustice and the machinations of empire behind it. If truth is the coursework, first casualty in war, then those of greek paper, us who are lucky observers must endlessly work to corruption essay, resurrect it. In Central Africa, today, truth mingles with the souls of the dead, forsaken amidst the greek essay, unheard cries of some seven million—mostly innocent people—whose life on general gcse, this earth ground to a gruesome, meaningless conclusion. keith harmon snow. First published: 04 July 2005; Text Modified: 05 November 2005;

Final Version: 04 December 2005; Updated Final: 10 January 2006. Corrected: 18 July 2007. Corrected: 1 November 2007. [1] Samantha Power, “Remember the Blood Frenzy of Rwanda,” Los Angeles Times , April 4, 2004. [2] Village genocide courts, or Gacaca tribunals, began operating in Rwanda in March 2005.

See: Edras Ndikumana, “Rwanda’s Hutus Flee Genocide Courts,” 19 April 2005; and “Rwandan President asks Fleeing Residents to Return,” Reuters , June 3, 2005. [3] Samantha Power, A Problem from Hell: America in the Age of Genocide , HarperCollins, 2002. [4] Private interview: Howard W. French, Northampton MA, USA, March 30, 2005. [5] Howard W. Essay! French, “In Zaire Forest Hutu Refugees Near the End of the Road,” New York Times , March 13, 1997; see also Howard W. French, Africa: A Continent for macbeth, the Taking: The Tragedy and Hope of greek, Africa . [6] Private interview: Howard W. French, Northampton MA, USA, March 30, 2005. [7] Lt. General Romo A. Dallaire, Shake Hands with the Devil: The Failure of Humanity in Rwanda , Arrow Books, 2003. [8] Rene ў Lemarchand noted in his authoritative text Rwanda and Burundi (Pall Mall Press, 1970) that “the term Inyenzi is general gcse coursework currently used within and outside Rwanda to refer to small-scale Tutsi-led guerilla units trained and organized outside Rwanda and varying in mythology, size from about six to ten men.” [9] Mouvement Republicain National pour la Dmocratie et le Dveloppement or National Republican Movement for essay h lovecraft p science, Democracy and Development (MRND).

[10] The Iceberg of the Conflict in Africa of the Great Lakes Region: Lawsuit Against Those Responsible for the Concealed Crimes Against Humanity, International Forum for Truth and Justice in the Great Lakes Region of Africa , www.veritasrwanaforum.org. [11] Private communication: Charles Onana, Paris, France, February 2004. [12] The Book published in November 2001 entitled, Les Secrets Du Gnocide Rwandais, Enqute Sur les Mystres D’un Prsident [ The Secrets of the Rwandan Genocide, Investigations on greek mythology essay, the Mysteries of a President ], was the mla format essay with, subject of President Kagame’s initial law suit that was heard in mythology essay paper, the 17th chamber of the French High court against Cameroonian Journalist Charles Onana. [15] On James Rubin: see Wayne Madsen, Genocide and Covert Operations in Africa, 1993-1999 , Mellen Press, 1999. [16] See: Pierre-Damien Mvuyekure, Philip Gourevitch's Platonic and Conradian Eyes on the Genocide in Rwanda,” in Ishmael Reed’s Konch . [17] Private interview: Howard W. French, Northampton MA, USA, March 30, 2005.

[18] Robin Philpot, Rwanda: Colonialism Dies Hard , the English translation of emerson, a ne s’est pas pass comme a Kigali (That’s Not How It Happened in Kigali), published in English on-line by the Taylor Report, http://www.taylor-report.com/Rwanda_1994/ . [19] Terry George, Ed., Hotel Rwanda – The Official Companion Book , Newmarket Press, 2005. [20] The Iceberg of the Conflict in Africa of the Great Lakes Region: Lawsuit Against Those Responsible for the Concealed Crimes Against Humanity, International Forum for Truth and Justice in the Great Lakes Region of Africa , www.veritasrwanaforum.org. [21] A paper scheduled for publication, Spring 2006, by greek essay paper, Jean-Marie Vianney Higiro. [22] Some of them are: Alliance edited by Alliance National Unity (RANU), an corruption organization that later changed its name into Rwandan Patriotic Front (RPF); Congo Nil , edited in Belgium by essay, Francois Rutanga; Impuruza, edited by Alexander Kimenyi in the United States; Inkotanyi, edited by the RPF; Intego, edited by Jose Kagabo in France; Munyarwanda , edited by the Association of Concerned Banyarwanda in Canada; Avant Garde ; Le Patriote ; Huguka ; and Umulinzi . [23] The term Banyarwanda refers to ethnic Tutsis, and has been most often used to describe Tutsi refugees in Congo (Zaire). [24] Mouvement Republicain National pour la Dmocratie et le Dveloppement or National Republican Movement for Democracy and Development (MRND). [25] Robin Philpot, Rwanda: Colonialism Dies Hard , the essay, English translation of a ne s’est pas pass comme a Kigali (That’s Not How It Happened in Kigali), published in English on-line by the Taylor Report, http://www.taylor-report.com/Rwanda_1994/ . [26] See US Department of greek, Defense, Foreign Military Sales, Foreign Military Construction Sales, and Military Assistance Facts , (US Doc D1.2, F76, 996) 1997; see also: Lt. Gen. P Science! Romo A. Greek Mythology Essay Paper! Dallaire, Shake Hands with the Devil: The Failure of macbeth, Humanity in Rwanda , Arrow Books, 2003: p. 273. [27] Lt. Greek Essay! Gen.

Romo A. Dallaire, Shake Hands with the Devil: The Failure of Humanity in Rwanda , Arrow Books, 2003: pp. 263-265. [27a] Private telephone interview, Gary Streiker. See King Kong: The Curious Activities of the phd dissertations engineering, International Monkey Business in Central Africa , keith harmon snow and Georgianne Nienaber. [28] See, e.g.: “Donatella Lorch: Rwanda Rebels: Army of Exiles Fights for a Home, New York Times , 09 June 1994:10; and Rwanda Rebels' Victory Attributed To Discipline, New York Times , 19 July 1994: 6; Raymond Bonner: How Minority Tutsi Won the War, New York Times , 06 September 1994:6; and Rwandan Refugees Flood Zaire as Rebel Forces Gain, New York Times , 15 July 1994:1; Joshua Hammer, Rwanda: Situation Is Desperate, Newsweek , 20 June 1994:44-46; Darkness Visible, The New Republic , 09 May 1994:9; and Why Not Rwanda, The New Republic , 16 May 1994:7; Editorial, Double Tragedy in Africa, New York Times , 10 April1994.

[29] Chris Black, “View From Rwanda: The Dallaire Genocide Fax: A Fabrication,” 01 December 2005, Sanders Research Associates, www.sandersresearch.com . [30] “Perception management” is the contemporary term for the formerly used term “propaganda,” and it too is an industry. [31] Africa Research Bulletin , August 1997. [33] Private communication, Jean-Marie Vianney Higiro, August 2005. [34] Personal communication, name withheld for security reasons, July 2005. [35] Rutigita Macumu, “Paul Rusesabagina: Not a Hero!” The New Times (Kigali), 15 November 2005, [36] Frank Smythe, Arming Rwanda , Human Rights Watch, January 1994. [36-a] In the earlier versions of this publication, Hotel Rwanda, I incorrectly claimed (published) “that’s when they decided to pin rape on Georges Rutaganda.” [37] Lt. General Romo Dallaire, Shake Hands With The Devil , Arrow Books, 2003: pp.

268. [38] Private communication: Chris Black, Barrister, International Criminal Tribunal on Rwanda, October 2005. [39] Chris Black, “Persecution Not Prosecution,” October 2004, Sanders Research Associates, www.sandersresearch.com . [40] Chris Black, “View From Rwanda: The Dallaire Genocide Fax: A Fabrication,” 01 December 2005, Sanders Research Associates, www.sandersresearch.com . [41] Chris Black, “View From Rwanda: The Dallaire Genocide Fax: A Fabrication,” 01 December 2005, Sanders Research Associates, www.sandersresearch.com . [42] Chris Black, “View From Rwanda: The Dallaire Genocide Fax: A Fabrication,” 01 December 2005, Sanders Research Associates, www.sandersresearch.com . [43] See Ralph G. Kershaw, “Criminal Tribunal for mythology essay, Rwanda: International Justice According to Washington,” Covert Action Quarterly , No. 74, Fall 2002. [44] See: Rory Carroll, “Genocide Tribunals ‘Ignoring Tutsi Crimes,’” Guardian, January 13, 2005. [45] Chris Black, “Persecution Not Prosecution,” October 2004, Sanders Research Associates, www.sandersresearch.com . [46] The Iceberg of the Conflict in Africa of the Great Lakes Region: Lawsuit Against those responsible for the Concealed Crimes Against Humanity, The International Forum for Truth and Justice in the Great Lakes Region of Africa , www.veritasrwanaforum.org. [47] “Kagame Ordered Shooting Down of Habyarimana's Plane – Ruzibiza,” Hirondelle News Agency (Lausanne), 14 November 2005. [48] Second Lt Aloys Ruyenzi, Major General Paul Kagame Behind the Shooting Down of Late President Habyarimana’s Plane: An Eye Witness Testimony , Norway, July 5, 2004. [49] Private interview: Howard W. French, Northampton MA, USA, March 30, 2005.

[50] David Newbury, “Convergent Catastrophes in mla format, Central Africa,” November 1996, www.udayton.edu/ [51] Private interview: name withheld to protect the witness, Democratic Republic of Congo, August 2005. [52] Front for paper, the Democratic Liberation of Rwanda (FDLR) forces in eastern Congo number 40,000. See also: keith harmon snow, “OPERATION IRON FIST: U.N. Essay With Quotes! Launches Largest Ground Troop Operation in DR Congo Peacekeeping; In South Kivu Hills Rwandan Rebels Cornered,” July 17, 2005, http://www.allthingspass.com . [53] Private interview: Howard W. French, Northampton MA, USA, March 30, 2005. [54] See: Wayne Madsen, Genocide and Covert Operations in Africa, 1993-1999 , Mellon Press, 1999. [55] Robin Philpot, “Second Thoughts on the Hotel Rwanda: Boutros-Ghali: a CIA Role in the 1994 Assassination of Rwanda's President Habyarimana?,” Counterpunch , 26/27 Feb. 2005, http://www.counterpunch.org/philpot02262005.html . [56] Private communication: Chris Black, Barrister, International Criminal Tribunal on Rwanda (ICTR), October 2005; Herman Cohen is a former US Secretary of State for African affairs who served under the elder George Bush. [57] Private interview, name withheld, Bukavu, Democratic Republic of essay, Congo, 11 July 2005. [59] On Ronco Company shipping weapons into Rwanda: see testimony by Kathi Austin, Hearing of the House International Relations Committee , July 16, 1997.

[60] David Newbury, “Convergent Catastrophes in Central Africa,” November 1996, www.udayton.edu/ [61] RDR Calls for the Prosecution of Crimes Against Humanity and Other Violations of the International Law Committed by general haig coursework, the Rwandan [RPF/RDF] Army, Rally for mythology paper, the Return of Refugees and Democracy in Rwanda, Press Release, 9/2001, September 2001. [62] Alison Des Forges, “D.R. Congo: Civilians Killed as Army Factions Clash,” Human Rights Watch, Press Release, July 1, 2005. [64] Rutigita Macumu, “Paul Rusesabagina: Not a Hero!” The New Times , (Rwanda State Newspaper) November 15, 2005; see http://www.allafrica.com , November 16, 2005. [65] See: Phil Taylor, “Carving Sudan: Hollywood's Helping Hand,” The Taylor Report , www.taylor-report.com ,17 February 2005.

[66] “Rwanda Defense Forces” was the name eventually adopted to rename the entrance, formerly named army (Rwanda Patriotic Army) of the Rwanda Patriotic Front.

Friday essay: Can you keep a secret? Family memoirs break taboos – and trust. Lecturer in Sociology, University of Melbourne. Ashley Barnwell does not work for, consult, own shares in or receive funding from any company or organisation that would benefit from this article, and has disclosed no relevant affiliations beyond the academic appointment above. University of Melbourne provides funding as a founding partner of The Conversation AU. Victoria State Government provides funding as a strategic partner of The Conversation AU. The Conversation UK receives funding from Hefce, Hefcw, SAGE, SFC, RCUK, The Nuffield Foundation, The Ogden Trust, The Royal Society, The Wellcome Trust, Esmee Fairbairn Foundation and The Alliance for Useful Evidence, as well as sixty five university members. Republish our articles for free, online or in greek mythology print, under Creative Commons licence. The television premiere of Benjamin Law’s adapted memoirs The Family Law may have had us laughing last night, but a foray into essay with the recent past of the family memoir genre reveals an ethical minefield of sibling conflicts, clashing memories, and unwanted exposes.

Benjamin Law’s memoir The Family Law (2010) has been adapted for TV. Black Inc. In response to biographies scrutinizing his marriage to Sylvia Plath, the poet Ted Hughes said, “I hope each of us owns the facts of his or her own life”. In family memoir such hopes are dashed. When writers tell the story of their lives they also divulge the experiences of greek mythology siblings, parents, and lovers. They make the private public, often with a unique spin on events and not always with the general haig gcse coursework consent of those involved. Given the essay paper intimate nature of family life these tangles are perhaps unavoidable.

The facts of our lives are always shared. But life writing still raises important ethical questions. The memoirist’s candid account of family struggles can destigmatise taboo topics – such as divorce, sexuality, and mla format essay with, suicide – but at what cost to essay those whose lives are laid bare? What should come first for a writer, loyalty to the truth of their own experience or respect for the privacy of others? These questions have troubled a series of high-profile memoirs and autobiographical novels. Writers such as Karl Ove Knausgaard, Hanif Kureishi, Lily Brett, and David Sedaris have upset family members by using personal details in their literary works. These cases alert us to electrical the difficulty of greek essay narrating shared life stories. How do we get to the truth when people remember the past differently and have conflicting investments in how the story is told? But we might also see the potential social benefit of general haig coursework tell-all family memoirs.

By representing the conflicts and silences that families live with writers can introduce more diverse and greek mythology paper, honest accounts of emerson analysis family life into public culture. By the time literary sensation Karl Ove Knausgaard published the first volume in his six part autobiographical series, My Struggle (2009), several members of greek essay paper his family were no longer speaking to him. Karl Ove Knausgaard’s memoir Min Kamp (My Struggle) (2009) caused serious family conflict. Forlaget okober. The Norwegian writer’s aim was to describe the banality and drama of his daily life in raw detail. Critics have hailed the pace essay result as Proust for the 21st century.

Readers have said they feel as though he has written their innermost secrets onto the page. For Knausgaard’s family this is more than just a feeling. Mythology. It is their reality. Knausgaard doesn’t pull any punches. Haig Gcse. While much of the series is devoted to greek mythology vivid descriptions of ordinary life, like brewing a cup of tea or going for a run, there are also details that most of us would shudder to have on on friendship analysis, the record. Gossipy, post-dinner party conversations that he and his wife have about their guests are recounted verbatim. The rancid excrement that stains his incontinent grandmother’s couch, his father’s descent into squalor and greek essay paper, alcoholism, the spoken and unspoken insults of his marital rows, the fumbling sexual encounters of his youth, his second wife’s struggle with bipolar, his feelings of frustration and boredom as a parent: it’s all there on the page. Not surprisingly, when Knausgaard sent copies of the first manuscript to his family, they were unhappy. His paternal uncle tried to mla format essay quotes halt publication, threatened to sue, and mythology essay paper, attacked the general gcse coursework book in the Norwegian press. Tonje Aursland, Knausgaard’s ex-wife, recorded a radio program about the mythology essay experience of having her private life exposed in the novel, and then again in essay all of the greek mythology media scrutiny that followed.

Knausgaard admits that the series also took a toll on his current marriage. The relentless attention caused his wife, Linda Bostrom, to have a breakdown, which Knausgaard details in the final episode of My Struggle. Knausgaard made a decision to publish a tell-all book. Macbeth Of Power Essay. He exposes his own struggles to be a good husband, father, writer, brother, and son with disarming candour, sometimes even to the point of self-humiliation. But the people who share his life did not make this decision. Mythology. They didn’t know that their words and actions, sometimes at macbeth essay, very vulnerable moments, would be published let alone read by millions of people, almost half a million in mythology paper Norway alone. General Haig Coursework. In a country of five million, that’s roughly one in ten people who know the intimate details of your private life.

The author is well aware of his indiscretion and what it costs him and greek essay paper, his family. “I do feel guilty,” he has said, “I do. Especially about my family, my children. I write about them and I know that this will haunt them as well through their lives”. Knausgaard also understands his father’s family’s response to the novels: I wish this could have been done without hurting anyone. They say they never want to see or talk to me again.

I accept that. I have offended them, humiliated them just by writing about this. British novelist and screenwriter Hanif Kureishi is less remorseful about using his family as source material. Haig. In 2008 his sister published a letter in the Independent titled Keep Me Out of your Novels. Hanif Kureishi’s ex-wife accused him of writing about their marriage in Intimacy (1998). Faber and Faber. She claims that most of his works use family members as characters. These include his parents in The Buddha of Suburbia (1991), his uncle in My Beautiful Laundrette (1985), his ex-girlfriend in the film Sammy and Rosie Get Laid (1987), and essay, an account of leaving his wife and children for a younger woman in engineering his novel Intimacy (1998). Yasmin Kureishi is most upset about her brother’s portrayal of her in the 2003 film The Mother. “It made excruciating viewing,” she says, “It was like he’d swallowed some of my life, then spat it back out.” After reading Intimacy, Tracy Schoffield, Kureishi’s ex-wife, criticised him for thinly veiling the break-up of their marriage as fiction:

He says it’s a novel. Essay Paper. But that’s an absolute abdication of responsibility. You may as well call it a fish. In defence, Kureishi argues that by writing candidly about his life he gives voice to a collective experience: Why would you vilify me?

I’m just the messenger. I’m writing a book about divorce – an experience that many people have had - or separation, children, all that. Engineering. … That book was a record of that experience. I don’t see why I should be vilified for writing an account of it. … If you’re an artist your job is to greek mythology essay represent the world as you see it – that’s what you do. The same has been said of Knausgaard’s work. He disregards the collected essay p science privacy of his family.

But he also challenges the rules of what we can and cannot say. He drags the darkness of our everyday thoughts into the light. In doing so, he de-shames social taboos, or at least offers the truth of essay paper what he thinks rather than what he should think. He sees the mla format essay quotes role of an greek essay artist as that of essay analysis a social truth-teller. But the tension around family memoirs brings into question the mythology essay idea that an artist is simply documenting the truth. In some cases families are not upset that their lives are being represented so much as that the representation is, to them, inaccurate. Can the memory of one person capture the true complexity of social events? What happens when people recall things differently? Kureishi’s sister and mother insist that he is not simply a messenger.

His descriptions of his roots support the mla format with identity he desires in the present. Yasmin Kureishi, for example, recollects a very different image of her father than the one her brother paints in The Buddha of Suburbia. Doris Brett wrote Eating the Underworld (2001) to greek paper tell her own version of her childhood. Emerson Essay On Friendship Analysis. Vintage. In the essay radio documentary Knausgaard’s ex-wife recorded in 2010, Tonje’s Version, she says what annoys her is that her memories will always be secondary to emerson essay on friendship his work of paper art.

People assume they know the truth of what happened in her life because they have read My Struggle. Doris Brett was so opposed to gcse coursework her sister Lily Brett’s autobiographical renderings of greek paper their childhood that she published her own counter-story. Lily Brett has written novels and collected p science, essays based on her experience of growing up in Melbourne as the daughter of Holocaust survivors. In Eating the Underworld (2001), Doris claims that her sister wrongly depicts their mother as depressed and sometimes cruel. Doris doesn’t recall her mother screaming in the night. The two sisters seem to remember their mother as two very different women. When Lily Brett and her father received copies of Eating the Underworld, Lily issued a statement:

There are some things not worth replying to. Mythology. This book is general haig gcse coursework, one of essay them. Her father, 85-year-old Max Brett said: This book by my daughter Doris, is a book of madness. General Haig Gcse Coursework. … I recognise very little of our family life in this book. Doris Brett chalked their public response up as further evidence of the greek essay bullying and favouritism she describes in mla format essay with quotes her book.

For Yasmin Kureishi, Tonje Aursland, and Doris Brett the issue is not simply about privacy. They are all willing to tell their own stories in the public eye. Rather they want their life represented accurately, as they remember it. They insist that there is more to greek mythology paper the shared story of their family than what is seen through the quixotic eyes of the memoirist. Emerson On Friendship Analysis. But of course the same question of memory’s unreliability also applies to them. With tongue in cheek, David Sedaris addresses the essay paper blurring of memory and imagination by describing his family memoirs as “realish”.

Sedaris has forged a successful career by recounting the mla format essay quotes foibles of his family life in best-selling collections such as Dress Your Family in Corduroy and greek mythology, Denim (2004). David Sedaris’ book Dress Your Family in Corduroy and Denim (2004) was the corruption first his sister Tiffany allowed him to include her in. Little Brown Co. Along the way, his sister, Tiffany, requested to be left out of his stories. Greek Essay. In a 2004 interview with the Boston Globe, she said “I was the only [sibling] who told him not to put me in his books. I don’t trust David to have boundaries”. Like Aursland, she became upset by the consequences of the stories. People read them as fact, and macbeth corruption of power essay, an invitation to discuss her private life.

In 2014, Sedaris came under fire for an essay he published in the New Yorker, Now We Are Five. The essay describes the Sedaris family’s attempt to deal with their grief over Tiffany’s suicide. A friend of Tiffany, Michael Knoblach, published a letter in the Somerville Journal accusing Sedaris of greek mythology paper ignoring her request not to be a subject in his stories and exploiting her death for artistic and phd dissertations electrical engineering, monetary gain. (The letter has since been taken down, but a similar version is reposted in greek paper the comments here). Should Sedaris have published Now We Are Five after his sister’s death? Some may argue that he should have respected her request not to be represented in his stories. On the other hand, the story is also about her parents, and her siblings. It speaks candidly about grief, guilt, and the way death jolts us into reality.

Even when faced with estrangement and loss, the life of the family remains intertwined. Australia’s own David Sedaris, Benjamin Law, has written a memoir about growing up in a large Chinese-Australian family in 1990s Queensland. The Family Law (2010) was adapted for television and general gcse, premiered on SBS yesterday. Greek Essay. Law’s memoir offers a funny take on the everyday quirks of collected p science family life, but it also deals with sensitive issues such as his parents’ divorce. The Family Law is unlikely to draw the greek essay kind of scandal that greeted Kureishi or Knausgaard. In a recent keynote at the Asia Pacific Auto/Biography Association’s Conference, Law noted that when he gave his family the h lovecraft manuscript to read before publication, they were mostly concerned with correcting his grammar.

Law’s father insisted that audiences are smart enough to know the story is told from only one point of view, and mythology paper, with comedic license. Law may win our hearts with the help of his siblings. They weren’t to know their teenage travails would be re-staged on macbeth essay, national television. It might also be strange for greek, his parents to hear the public weighing in on their divorce. But Law’s story will be a welcome addition to a television landscape that currently doesn’t come close to representing the mla format essay with diversity and richness of Australian families. In her research about family secrets, sociologist Carol Smart talks about two kinds of families: families “we live with” and greek mythology paper, families “we live by”. Families we live with are our actual families, which may be ridden with tensions. Families we live by are the university entrance essay ideal versions of happy, cohesive families that Smart says we draw from popular culture. We tell family secrets, Smart thinks, to bring the reality closer to mythology the ideal. We edit certain experiences from the public eye so our family fits with dominant ideas about what a family should be.

In this context, to reveal a family secret might be to refuse pressures to collected essay p science pretend. Greek Mythology Essay Paper. To disclose conflicts within families can open up a space to talk honestly about family life, to question social norms, and acknowledge different kinds of macbeth corruption essay relationships. It can be a way of bringing the ideal closer to essay the reality. Revealing family secrets can be insensitive and ethically dubious when the teller is not the only one who has to live with the repercussions. Collected H Lovecraft. But it can also be a way to rethink the reasons why we keep certain things secret in the first place. For family memoirists, where is the line between rattling social proprieties and mythology essay paper, respecting others’ privacy?

This is of power essay, not an easy question to essay paper answer. And the answer would be different in each case. But it is essay quotes, worth remembering that the true stories that enrich our public sphere are often drawn from the intimate and shared lives of their authors. It is not only Law who gives generously of his life to bring a new story to mythology Australian viewers this week, but also the supporting cast, his family.