College prompt essay questions

art museum resume for more information! Britt Scholnick#39;s Resume--Registrar/Collections Management. Collections Inventory Assistant. History Colorado, December 2012-March 2013. College Prompt Essay Questions? · Working as part of a team inventorying and rehousing historical objects in preparation for an argument essay, future move. We completed the project successfully and two full months ahead of schedule. · Photographing objects for identification purposes. · Updating records in Argus Open Edition Database. · Problem solving issues and inconsistencies within the collections. · Worked closely with curatorial assistant to catalog and college essay permanently number a specific collection, consisting of over 250 objects. · Trained, but not certified, on operating forklift. · Position is a temporary IMLS grant funded position with no option for essay, renewal. Prompt? Anthropology Collections Volunteer. Denver Museum of Nature and Science, June-September 2012. · Researched potential deaccessions for transfer in the World Archaeology section of the community essay, Anthropology Department. · Updated records in Argus Open Edition database. · Coordinated visits of scholars from other institutions with DMNS staff. Prompt Essay? · Position ended because the institutions involved decided not to pursue project. Collections and Registration Assistant.

CU Art Museum, University of Colorado Boulder, June-November 2012. · Assisted the attending, Collections Management and Registration Department in a variety of responsibilities related to loans, exhibitions, and acquisitions; this included: generating legal documents; taking and editing photographs; condition reports for prompt questions, a variety of writing rubric for research papers media; artist and object research; and essay general art handling. · Cataloged incoming loans and acquisitions in the FileMaker Pro database, including updating locations, creating checklists, organizing records, splitting object records, and creating new records. · Performed inventory and database clean-up in rubric for research preparation for database migration. · Coordinated with the Exhibitions department for exhibition related activities including packing, unpacking, cataloging, condition reporting, generating certificates of insurance, and obtaining rights for press, publicity, and catalogs. · Trained and essay questions supervised interns, students, and volunteers on using the database, art handling, housing objects, cataloging and general department needs and practices. · Provided many legal documents related to incoming loans, exhibitions, and acquisitions. · Assisted with rights and reproductions research by contacting artists and estate representatives to obtain rights. · Trained on shipping coordination including quotes and scheduling. · Identified objects with unique storage needs and worked with staff to make appropriate storage mounts. Killers Research Paper? · Assisted in a reorganization of the 2D collection as well as a full collection inventory. · Researched and rehoused a bequest of thirty Classical artifacts into the museum’s collections. · Unpacked, condition reported, photographed, and inventoried 200 objects of an ancient Asian collection as part of a team. Gained experience in moving and unpacking ancient ceramics, figurines, and college prompt additional materials. · Reorganized cabinets, including installing additional shelves, in conjunction with above project. · Oversaw and analyzed data from weekly generated HVAC reports and writing developed an annual report on metrics and identified areas for improvement. · Assisted the Integrated Pest Management (IPM) Specialist from University Facilities Management with the museum’s monthly IPM program. Prompt? · Worked with scholars, professors, and staff to deprivation, generate object lists to meet their needs. Also prepared items and lists for Collections Committee meeting as well as interacting with the board members. · Experienced in college prompt permanently numbering objects. · Identified and reconciled Found in Collection objects. Research? · Position was a 6-month, temporary contract position with no option for renewal. Collections and Registration Aide, Graduate Position. CU Art Museum, University of Colorado Boulder, July 2011- May 2012. · Please see description above for Collections and Registration Aide, 6-month Temporary Position. · Assisted Museum Director with the 2011 Pop Art Fundraising Gala, including general event planning and guest coordination. Collections Department Intern. Denver Art Museum, February 2011-December 2011. · Assisted curators and collection managers with the IMLS funded Painting Reorganization Project to organize new storage screens in an efficient and logical manner. · Responsible for moving and handling artworks, primarily paintings. · Worked in Argus Open Edition—the object database—updating locations, generating lists, and record clean-up.

· Assisted in college IPM and HVAC maintenance. Collections and serial research Exhibitions Department Volunteer. Golden History Museum, October 2010- March 2011. · Assisted the Collections Manager in moving the auxiliary collection consisting of several hundred objects from one storage location to another, including building shelves, providing object handling experience and organizational skills. · Expanded the college prompt, Past Perfect collections database primarily through uploading and editing photos; updating known information; and inventorying incoming loans. · Aided in researching, preparing, and assisting with the writing worksheet, installation of exhibits for the primary gallery of the museum. · Organized time efficiently between the demands of the Collections and Exhibitions departments. Additional Work Experience. Server, The Cheesecake Factory, February 2006-Aug. 2011. · Performed excellent customer service in a fast-paced environment that required multi-tasking and the ability to work quickly and efficiently. · Responsible for training incoming staff as well as being assigned the position of team leader at bi-annual companywide training sessions. · Responsible for prompt, cash handling and accounting at the end of writing an argument worksheet each shift. Proficient in various computer software programs, including Microsoft Windows and Mac operating systems; Microsoft Office Suite; Adobe Photoshop; and different databases including FileMaker Pro and college prompt questions Argus Open Edition. M.A. Classics, University of Colorado, Boulder.

Graduate Certificate in Museum Studies, University of writing an argument essay worksheet Colorado, Boulder.

SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips. Most of the prompt questions, ACT is deprivation thesis, entirely multiple choice. All you have to worry about when answering the college prompt essay, questions is that you’re filling in killers the correct answer bubble! But then there’s that (optional) Writing section, which requires you to give your answer in words. How are you supposed to write a persuasive essay in questions 40 minutes? What format should your essay have? Is there an ACT essay template that can guarantee you a high score?

We'll answer these questions in this article. feature image credit: homework ritual by woodleywonderworks, used under CC BY 2.0/Cropped from original. What Does Your ACT Essay Need? 5 Key Elements. In order to do well on ACT Writing, your essay will need to have the following five elements (not necessarily in this order): The first thing the grader will see is your opening paragraph, so you should make a good impression. Don't just jump right into the meat of your essay - introduce your perspective (your thesis statement) and how it relates to the other perspectives given by the essay prompt. You don't necessarily have to writing, start out by writing your introduction (you can always leave a few lines blank at the top of prompt questions, your essay and come back to it after you've written your example paragraphs), but you MUST include it. 2. Essay. Your Thesis Statement (should be in your introduction) You must take a perspective on the issue presented in the prompt paragraph and state it clearly . I advise using one of the three perspectives the ACT gives you as your position/perspective; you can come up with your own perspective, but then you have more work to do in the essay (which is not ideal with a time constraint).

Your thesis statement (the statement of your perspective) should go in the introduction of your essay. 3. Prompt Essay. A Discussion of All Three Perspectives. In your essay, you must discuss all three perspectives the serial research paper, ACT gives you . Make sure to discuss pros as well as cons for the perspectives you don’t agree with to show you understand the complexities of the issue. 4. College Prompt Essay Questions. Examples or Reasoning to Support Each Point. To support your arguments for and against each perspective, you need to draw on reasoning or specific examples . This reasoning should be in the same paragraph as the arguments. For instance, if your argument is about how globalization leads to greater efficiency, you should include your support for this argument in the same paragraph. And it's not enough to just say “Because freedom” or “Because Stalin” or something like that as your support and leave it at that.

You need to actually explain how your reasoning or examples support your point. Avoid discussing multiple points in one paragraph. Instead, our recommended strategy is to discuss one perspective per paragraph . This organization will not only make it easier for you to stay on track, but will also make it easier for deprivation, your essay's scorers to follow your reasoning (always a good thing). The 5-paragraph structure might seem boring, but it is a good way to keep your points organized when writing an college questions, essay. For the ACT essay, you'll need an killers paper, introduction, three body paragraphs (one paragraph for each perspective), and a conclusion . You should state your thesis in your introduction and conclusion (using different words in your conclusion so that you're not repeating yourself exactly). So how do you write in prompt this five paragraph structure on the ACT? I'll show you how to put the van essay, plan into prompt questions action with an van essay, essay template that can be used for college, any ACT essay question. Antigone And Creon Essay. First, here's the prompt I'll be using: Public Health and Individual Freedom. Most people want to be healthy, and most people want as much freedom as possible to do the prompt essay, things they want.

Unfortunately, these two desires sometimes conflict. For example, smoking is prohibited from most public places, which restricts the freedom of some individuals for the sake of the health of others. The Bingo Van Essay. Likewise, car emissions are regulated in many areas in order to reduce pollution and its health risks to others, which in turn restricts some people’s freedom to college prompt essay, drive the vehicles they want. In a society that values both health and killers research paper freedom, how do we best balance the two? How should we think about conflicts between public health and individual freedom? Read and carefully consider these perspectives. Each suggests a particular way of thinking about the college, conflict between public health and individual freedom. Our society should strive to achieve the greatest good for the greatest number of people.

When the freedom of the individual interferes with that principle, freedom must be restricted. Nothing in society is rubric for research papers, more valuable than freedom. Perhaps physical health is sometimes improved by restricting freedom, but the cost to the health of our free society is far too great to college prompt questions, justify it. The right to avoid health risks is a freedom, too. Essay. When we allow individual behavior to endanger others, we’ve damaged both freedom and college essay health. Write a unified, coherent essay in which you evaluate multiple perspectives on the conflict between public health and individual freedom.

In your essay, be sure to: analyze and evaluate the serial paper, perspectives given state and prompt essay questions develop your own perspective on the issue explain the relationship between your perspective and those given. Your perspective may be in full agreement with any of the others, in partial agreement, or wholly different. Whatever the writing essay, case, support your ideas with logical reasoning and college prompt questions detailed, persuasive examples. Next, I'll break down the ACT essay into its individual parts (introduction, body paragraphs, and conclusion) and give examples for what each should look like. Because I'm writing in response to a specific prompt, some of the information may not translate exactly from essay to essay; instead, focus on the structure of the paragraphs. I've bolded key structural words and phrases for you to focus on. Begin your introduction with a general statement about the topic that draws the reader in; should provide some context for what you’ll be discussing in the essay. Can be omitted if you’re short on time (1-2 sentences). As society progresses into the 21 st century, there are some pundits who create a false two-sided fight between individual liberty and complete dependence on the government. Next comes your thesis statement that includes a clear position on the issue.

For highest score, you should also mention the attending essay, other perspectives in contrast to the position you’ve chosen (1 sentence). While individual freedom is essential to society, I believe that the freedom to avoid health risks supersedes freedom of the prompt questions, individual when individual behavior endangers others. Sample ACT essay introduction: As society progresses into the 21 st century, there are some pundits who create a false two-sided fight between individual liberty and complete dependence on writing an argument worksheet, the government. While individual freedom is essential to society, I believe that the freedom to avoid health risks supersedes freedom of the individual when individual behavior endangers others. Body paragraph 1 (Opposing perspective) (5-7 sentences) Open with a transition to one of the other two perspectives (1 sentence). Perspective Two espouses the view that “[t]hose who give up freedom in order to gain security deserve neither.” Provide an example of college essay questions, how this perspective is somewhat true and killers research paper explain why (2-3 sentences). This perspective is prompt, true to some extent.

For instance, in the bingo the Civil Rights movement, schools were integrated at the cost of both the college essay, mental well-being of racists, who had to deal with the blow to their world view, and writing rubric the physical and prompt essay emotional well-being of those being integrated, who had to writing essay worksheet, deal with the abuse flung upon them by said racists. The freedom to attend any public school was deemed more important to society than the college questions, temporary mental, emotional, and in some cases physical health risks caused by that freedom. Provide an serial killers research, example of prompt, how this perspective is mostly false when compared to the perspective you agree with and explain why (2-3 sentences). I do not believe, however, the Perspective Two is always a useful way to think about the world, particularly when life and attending death is at college stake. During the Civil Rights movement, parents who were afraid their children might incur physical or even fatal harm from being forced to integrate still had the freedom to homeschool; the serial research, same goes for parents who were racist and college prompt questions did not wish their children to the bingo, interact with children of “lesser” races. While the essay questions, government pushed the issue of antigone and creon essay, freedom of all people to essay, attend all public schools, it could not make it mandatory for every child to attend a public school (rather than being homeschooled, or attending private or church school) and risk physical injury or worse. Sample Body Paragraph (Opposing Perspective): Perspective Two espouses the antigone and creon, view that “[t]hose who give up freedom in order to gain security deserve neither.” This perspective is true to some extent. For instance, in the Civil Rights movement, schools were integrated at the cost of college essay, both the serial, mental well-being of prompt questions, racists, who had to deal with the for research, blow to their world view, and the physical and emotional well-being of those being integrated, who had to deal with the prompt essay questions, abuse flung upon them by said racists. The freedom to attend any public school was deemed more important to society than the serial paper, temporary mental, emotional, and in some cases physical health risks caused by that freedom. I do not believe, however, that Perspective Two is always a useful way to think about the world, particularly when life and death is at stake.

During the Civil Rights movement, parents who were afraid their children might incur physical or even fatal harm from being forced to integrate still had the freedom to homeschool; the same goes for college, parents who were racist and did not wish their children to interact with children of “lesser” races. While the government pushed the issue of freedom of all people to deprivation thesis, attend all public schools, it could not make it mandatory for every child to attend a public school (rather than being homeschooled, or attending private or church school) and essay questions risk physical injury or worse. Body paragraph 2 (Opposing perspective) (5-7 sentences) Same as above, except with the other perspective you disagree with/don't entirely agree with. Writing For Research Papers. Make sure to essay, use transition words so that the change of topic (from the serial, previous perspective) isn't abrupt or unexpected. To make your example of the college prompt essay questions, Spanish Inquisition less unexpected, make sure to use transitions. Body paragraph 3 (Your perspective) (5-7 sentences) Acknowledge the value of the other two perspectives, but affirm that your perspective is the truest one (1-2 sentences). As can be seen from the examples above, sometimes the greater good means individual freedom is more important than personal health. For the serial killers research paper, most part, however, allowing individual behavior to essay, harm others damages both freedom and health. Provide one final example of why this perspective is true (3-5 sentences).

Some parents worry that vaccines contain toxic chemicals and so have fought for the right to not vaccinate their children against once deadly diseases like measles. By being allowed this freedom, however, these parents are not only putting their children at risk of and creon essay, catching these virulent diseases, but are risking the college prompt, life of thesis, anyone with a compromised immune system who comes into contact with a non-vaccinated child. The results of the anti-vaccination movement can be seen in cases like the recent measles outbreak at Disneyland and the mumps outbreak at a New York City daycare company; both of questions, these outbreaks unfortunately led to fatalities. When the health risks caused by personal freedom reach life-and-death stakes, it is necessary to restrict individual freedom in favor of freedom to avoid preventable health risks. Sample Body Paragraph (Your Perspective):

As can be seen from the an argument, examples above, sometimes the greater good means individual freedom is more important than personal health. For the college essay, most part, however, allowing individual behavior to harm others damages both freedom and health. Some parents worry that vaccines contain toxic chemicals and so have fought for the right to not vaccinate their children against once deadly diseases like measles. By being allowed this freedom, however, these parents are not only putting their children at risk of catching these virulent diseases, but are risking the life of anyone with a compromised immune system who comes into writing rubric papers contact with a non-vaccinated child. The results of the anti-vaccination movement can be seen in cases like the recent measles outbreak at Disneyland and the mumps outbreak at a New York City daycare company; both of these outbreaks unfortunately led to fatalities. When the health risks caused by personal freedom reach life-and-death stakes, it is necessary to restrict individual freedom in favor of college questions, freedom to avoid preventable health risks. Transition into restating your thesis, using different words (1-2 sentences). Sample ACT Essay conclusion: America was built on the idea that there is a fundamental right to life, liberty, and writing papers the pursuit of essay questions, happiness – in that order.

When individual behavior puts others’ lives at and creon risk, it must be curtailed. Here is my final ACT essay template (excluding the second body paragraph): As society progresses into the 21 st century, there are some pundits who create a false two-sided fight between individual liberty and complete dependence on essay, the government. Attending Community. While individual freedom is essential to society, I believe that the questions, freedom to avoid health risks supersedes freedom of the individual when individual behavior endangers others. Perspective Two espouses the view that “[t]hose who give up freedom in order to gain security deserve neither.” This perspective is true to some extent. For instance, in the Civil Rights movement, schools were integrated at the cost of both the mental well-being of racists, who had to deal with the blow to their world view, and the physical and essay worksheet emotional well-being of those being integrated, who had to prompt essay, deal with the abuse flung upon college them by college essay, said racists. Van Essay. The freedom to attend any public school was deemed more important to society than the temporary mental, emotional, and in some cases physical health risks caused by that freedom. I do not believe, however, that Perspective Two is always a useful way to think about the prompt, world, particularly when life and death is at stake. During the Civil Rights movement, parents who were afraid their children might incur physical or even fatal harm from being forced to integrate still had the freedom to homeschool; the same goes for parents who were racist and did not wish their children to interact with children of killers research, “lesser” races. While the government pushed the issue of freedom of all people to attend all public schools, it could not make it mandatory for every child to attend a public school (rather than being homeschooled, or attending private or church school) and risk physical injury or worse.

[Body paragraph two on the other opposing perspective would go here] As can be seen from the examples above, sometimes the greater good means individual freedom is essay, more important than personal health. Rubric For Research Papers. For the essay questions, most part, however, allowing individual behavior to harm others damages both freedom and health. Some parents worry that vaccines contain toxic chemicals and writing an argument essay so have fought for the right to not vaccinate their children against once deadly diseases like measles. By being allowed this freedom, however, these parents are not only putting their children at risk of catching these virulent diseases, but are risking the life of anyone with a compromised immune system who comes into contact with a non-vaccinated child. The results of the anti-vaccination movement can be seen in cases like the college prompt questions, recent measles outbreak at Disneyland and the mumps outbreak at a New York City daycare company; both of these outbreaks unfortunately led to and creon, fatalities.

When the health risks caused by personal freedom reach life-and-death stakes, it is necessary to restrict individual freedom in favor of freedom to avoid preventable health risks. America was built on the idea that there is a fundamental right to life, liberty, and essay questions the pursuit of happiness – in that order. When individual behavior puts others’ lives at risk, it must be curtailed. Even though there are some minor grammatical issues in this essay, because they don't significantly affect the readability of my essay they don't matter. Thesis. There are also some factual inaccuracies in this essay (as far as I know, there haven’t been any reports of a mumps outbreak in NYC daycare facilities), but that doesn’t matter for the ACT as long as the college prompt, facts are persuasive and serial research make sense in the context of the essay . Adding false information about a mumps outbreak added to prompt, the persuasive impact of the essay, so I put it in, whereas I couldn’t figure out a way to work dinosaurs into this essay, and so they were not included. Next essay, my velociraptor friend. Next essay. How Do You Write Essays In This Format?

Now that you have a structural template for your ACT essay, how and when do you use it? An essay template is most helpful during the planning phase of your essay. Whether you're writing a practice essay or taking the test for real, it's important to research paper, take the time to plan out your essay before you start writing. I personally believe 8-10 minutes is a good amount of planning time to college questions, start out with, although you may get faster at planning as you practice, leaving more time for writing and essay revising. It might be tempting to college, leave out essay worksheet, this planning stage so that you have more time to read the prompt or write. Don't fall into this trap! If you don’t take the time to plan, you run the risk of writing a disorganized essay that doesn't really support your argument or omits one of the perspectives. If you’re struggling with decoding the prompts, be sure to read my article on how to attack ACT Writing prompts; it'll help you break down every ACT Writing prompt so that you can extract the information you need to college prompt essay questions, write your essay. In addition to using this essay template when you're planning out your essay, you also need to make sure you practice writing this kind of essay before you take the killers research paper, real ACT Plus Writing.

Don't expect to just memorize this outline and college prompt questions be good to college essay, go on test day - you'll need to practice putting the template to good use. College Prompt Essay Questions. Practice with as many ACT Writing prompts as you can - our complete guide to ACT Writing prompts will get you started. Remember, your essay should be in the following format: Your point of view on the essay topic (should be the same as one of the three perspectives the ACT gives you). Body paragraph 1 (Opposing perspective) - 5-7 sentences. Reason why it's true (with reasoning or examples for support) Reason why it's not as true as your perspective (with reasoning or examples for deprivation thesis, support) Body paragraph 2 (Other opposing perspective) - 5-7 sentences Reason why it's true (with reasoning or examples for college questions, support) Reason why it's not as true as your perspective (with reasoning or examples for support) Body paragraph 3 (Your perspective) - 5-7 sentences One last reason why your perspective is true (with reasoning or examples for support). And Creon Essay. Conclusion (with your thesis restated) - 1-2 sentences.

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Check out our 5-day free trial: Have friends who also need help with test prep? Share this article! Laura graduated magna cum laude from Wellesley College with a BA in Music and Psychology, and earned a Master's degree in Composition from the essay, Longy School of Music of and creon, Bard College. She scored 99 percentile scores on the SAT and GRE and loves advising students on how to essay questions, excel in high school. You should definitely follow us on social media. You'll get updates on our latest articles right on the bingo, your feed. Follow us on college essay questions, all 3 of our social networks:

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Job Tips News – Your Weekly Roundup. Your Weekly Job Tips News Roundup is Here. This week I decided to prompt questions, do things a bit differently. Deprivation Thesis! It’s a “shake-up” of sorts in an effort to provide a handful of highlights and happenings in the employment and college prompt essay questions, job market world. So without further ado, here are the selections for this week’s top tips and college essay, news: Job hunting today has changed. It’s time to discard preconceived ideas when you are deciding how to go about five aspects of your job search.

How you job hunt says a good deal about college prompt essay questions your character, inquisitiveness and deprivation thesis, personality. And, you’ll get different results when you stay up to college prompt essay questions, date and carefully position yourself among your competitors. Are you thoughtful and van essay, proactive, or are you lazy and feel entitled? Do you want to be seen as a go-getter, or just one more person hoping to gain some consideration? Here are five choices you make when applying to jobs, sometimes without even realizing that you are making them.

Buckshot applying to everything vs. a focused approach. Do you send your resume far and wide, just hoping that someone will respond? Or, do you send out just a relatively few well-researched and college, crafted applications? Resume readers can spot a mass-mailed plea for consideration a mile away, and tend to treat these applicants the antigone and creon essay, same way as you treat the college prompt, never-ending junk mail that fills your mailbox. Even if you are well-qualified, this approach smacks of laziness. Once in a while it works, but most of the time you are wasting your time with this approach. Don’t measure your job hunt by how many applications you submit, but rather by the quality of case you make for a position that is attending college well-suited to your background, skills, achievements and capacity for future career growth. When you take the college prompt, time to do research on essay, every employer you are serious about, and write a killer cover letter that marries the company’s needs to your capacities and achievements, you’ll turbocharge your chances for success! Answering ads vs. using ads as primary research. The obvious strategy is to respond to college prompt, ads on job boards, company sites and paper, places like Indeed by prompt questions, just submitting your resume online. But then you enter the black hole of applicant tracking systems.

The odds always favor the employer, making this a poor strategy without good results the writing rubric, vast majority of the time. Instead, get smart and use these job ads as primary source information about where the college prompt essay, jobs are. Then, find or cultivate contacts at the hiring companies and network your way into an interview. Relying on your responsibilities vs. showing your stuff. Somehow you probably got it in your head that your resume is supposed to describe all of your responsibilities in your current and former positions. Statements that begin with “Responsible for” don’t do anything to show how you’ve handled your tasks. Instead, stand out from the crowd by calling attention to the accomplishments you’ve attained. How has your company benefited, and what happened because you exercised your responsibilities in an exemplary way?

Resumes that show these things tend to get the attention of hiring authorities! Regurgitating your story vs. actively listening to serial research paper, an employer’s pain points. Often, job hunters feel that if they could only get someone to hear their story, they would get hired. And the stories tend to drone on, and on, and college essay, on. When you are networking, and especially when you are interviewing, it’s important to speak less and let the other person do more talking. Remember to only share the points that will be salient for your listener, and community college, keep your narratives short. The more you listen, the more you’ll learn what is important to college essay questions, the employer, and thesis, then you’ll be able to draw out from your arsenal of prompt, stories and achievements the things that will be most relevant to antigone and creon, sate his or her curiosity and advance your chances of favorable consideration.

Telling what you need vs. showing what you are worth. College Prompt Essay Questions! Of course you know your monthly expenses and understand how much money you need to rubric papers, survive, and you should strive to gain an income equal or greater than that amount. But this is not of concern to an employer, nor should it be. It is questions important to understand your own value in the current marketplace. Writing Essay! You can learn a great deal about that by consulting sites like Salary.com, SalaryExpert, Glassdoor and prompt essay questions, others. Then, talk about your salary expectations from the perspective of what’s fair, given objective criteria rather than just pulling random (or not so random) numbers out writing essay, of the air. Often, employers will look to give you the average salary to start out with, but this is the time when you can politely ask, “If you think I have great value for your team and won’t just be an average employee, why are you not reflecting that based on the salary scales for this role or industry?” And then, just listen.

There may be a good and valid reason for an average offer, or you might just have made your case for a better-than-average rate of compensation. This article first appeared on college prompt, U.S. News World Report. 5 Parental Leave Trends You Need to Know. You already know about the so-called “arms race” in serial, which companies are upping the ante on parental leave plans and other family-friendly benefits in an effort to recruit and retain today’s top talent. And you’ve seen the headlines – hardly a week goes by, it seems, without another company announcing an expanded maternity or paternity leave plan. With so much noise it can be hard to essay, keep track of the trends.

With that in mind, here’s a look at some of the latest parental leave trends that you need to know about. Crowdfunding maternity leave is and creon essay a thing now. File this under “It has to be 2016 to be believed.” Publications from college prompt essay, BuzzFeed to Scary Mommy to the Washington Post are reporting on a slightly depressing trend spreading in which moms are crowdfunding in writing an argument worksheet, order to have some financial security after giving birth. College Questions! You know, because the United States doesn’t have a policy mandating paid leave for new moms after the serial research, birth of college prompt essay questions, a child and serial killers, only 12% of prompt essay questions, private sector employees have access to any kind of paid parental leave. According to the Washington Post article, a GoFundMe search of “maternity leave” turns up about deprivation 1,500 results. Essay Questions! The “TODAY” show reported there are about 6,000 campaigns with “maternity leave” or “child care.” Sounds crazy, but is writing papers it really?

Almost a quarter of new moms return to college essay, work within two weeks of attending community college, giving birth – largely due to financial pressures. And we know child care is the largest household expense for American families. College Essay Questions! It’s common to see stories of support pouring in for families who use crowdfunding sites to serial paper, cover bills after a hospital stay or unexpected event. Given the state of parental leave in prompt essay, the United States, is crowdfunding maternity leave really all that different? More dads want to take their leave. We’ve called it “The Zuckerberg Effect.” But really it’s another sign of the the bingo, changing times. Essay! Modern dads want to – and, often, need to – be more involved in caregiving than past generations. And that starts with taking paternity leave.

So it’s not surprising that 89% of fathers say it’s important for a company to worksheet, offer paternity leave. Working is reality for today’s parents. More than 90% of dads and more than 70% of college prompt questions, moms work outside the home. Antigone! Research has shown that when new fathers take paternity leave, there are long-term positive effects on essay, his child and his partner. The trouble is that prevailing corporate culture has not yet caught up to these changes. An Argument Essay! Even as more dads want to take their leave, many are afraid to take time off out of fear of appearing less committed to their jobs and college prompt questions, hurting their careers. You can read Care@Work VP and GM Michael Marty’s take on the bingo van essay, this type of “dad-shaming” on Fortune. Companies with gender-neutral leave policies. Earlier this year, Etsy got a whole lotta love here and across the internets for unveiling an upgraded 26-week parental leave policy that was flexible, gender-neutral and college essay, lauded as “basically perfect.” Before Etsy, Netflix rolled out an attending community essay, “unlimited” maternity and paternity leave policy for new parents. In April, Twitter announced it was increasing its parental leave policy to 20 weeks of paid leave for all new parents.

US and Papua New Guinea – we share the dubious distinction of being the only nations without a federal policy providing paid leave for new moms after the college prompt, birth of a child. More than 70 countries also mandate paid leave for new dads. Not a great look for a global economic leader. The good news is writing rubric for research papers there’s momentum building in support of paid leave legislation, like the FAMILY Act, for example. New York recently became the fourth state to college prompt essay questions, mandate paid family leave, following California, Rhode Island and New Jersey. (Washington state passed one, too, but hasn’t done anything with it.) Many cities – from writing rubric for research papers, Austin to Boston to Washington, DC – have also passed paid leave policies, and San Francisco recently one-upped the state mandate and passed a law requiring employers to provide fully-paid parental leave. Placing a premium on post-leave support.

It’s true that the lack of a national parental leave policy for college prompt questions, new moms (and dads) leads to a focus on employers who offer generous maternity leave and paternity leave programs. But we’re beginning to see leading companies invest in supports for working parents once they return to work. The “flying nannies” of Wall Street are an deprivation thesis, extreme example, but hundreds of great places to prompt questions, work also provide employee benefits like backup care, child care resource and referral and flexible work arrangements that have less flash but more substance. Why are these types of family care benefits so important? Let’s take a quick look at some staggering statistics: 70% of parents said the cost of child care has influenced their career decisions, according to this Cost of Care survey 90% of employees have left work, and 30% cut back by more than 6 hours per week, due to family responsibilities, according to care@work’s Better Benefits survey. 89% of antigone and creon essay, working parents want family care benefits, but 81% say their employers don’t offer any. 58% of working millennial moms told Pew Research being a working mom makes it harder to get ahead at work.

Parental leave is the poster child of family-friendly workplaces, but it’s only prompt essay questions, one element of a comprehensive solution. When faced with the reality that in most modern families all parents work, more and more employers are realizing that investing in antigone essay, family-care benefits is a competitive advantage. This article first appeared on the Care@Work blog. A Story from FBI Director James Comey’s time at Bridgewater perfectly Illustrates the hedge fund’s emphasis on prompt essay, ‘radical transparency’ FBI Director James Comey told the House Oversight and Government Reform Committee Thursday, on the subject of the investigation into Hillary Clinton’s handling of classified information, that he was “a big fan of transparency.” When he was an executive at Bridgewater Associates, the world’s largest hedge fund, from 2010 to essay, 2013, he was enmeshed in a culture of “radical transparency” unlike that of any organization of college essay questions, its size.

In a new Politico article by Garrett M. Graff, Comey offers insight into his time at Ray Dalio’s hedge fund, including a strange scenario where a 25-year-old employee confronted him after a meeting. Graff writes: “It was just weeks after he joined Bridgewater — whose corporate culture of high-achieving intellectuals resembles a moneyed management cult that shares more in common with the writing, 1970s personal-improvement fad est than it does with a typical Wall Street firm — that Comey was cornered by a similarly new 25-year-old employee. The junior associate interrogated the former Justice Department official on a seemingly illogical stance that Comey had taken in an earlier meeting. ‘My initial reaction was “What? You, kid, are asking me that question?” … I was deputy attorney general of the college prompt questions, United States; I was general counsel of a huge, huge company.

No 25-year-old is going to ask me about my logic,’ he recalled. ‘Then I realized “I’m at Bridgewater.”‘” Dalio founded Bridgewater from his apartment in thesis, 1975 but didn’t begin developing his intense management culture until the mid-1990s, he told Business Insider in March. He found that codifying his investment principles brought him success, and so he should do the same with the way he wanted his company run. It resulted in “Principles,” a manual of 210 lessons that all Bridgewater employees must learn. Comey told Politico it took him three months to adjust to Bridgewater, at which point he appreciated the hardline culture. In a video testimonial on Bridgewater’s website, Comey said, “You combine that intelligence, the prompt, depth and the almost 360 [degree] vector of the and creon, questioning, there is no more demanding, probing, questioning environment in the world than Bridgewater.” This article first appeared on Business Insider.

Follow these tips to get your resume in to the right hands. There’s no doubt there is endless advice on how to write the “perfect resume”. Search the keyword “resume tips” and you will get over prompt questions 100 million results to and creon essay, choose from. There are articles on how to construct the perfect objective. And information on college questions, what mistakes to avoid when crafting your curriculum vitae. That’s fancy for a summary of your experience which is pretty much like a resume.

There’s even advice on how to convert your resume in to an awe-inspiring infographic that will wow hiring managers. All this information is fantastic. But statistics show that 75% of serial research, big companies use an college essay questions, Applicant Tracking System (ATS) to screen candidates. To cut through the clutter I came up with the 5 best tips to increase your chances of getting your resume past the ATS, and in to a hiring manager’s hands. Use keywords. Your resume should showcase the skills, projects and experience that matches keywords to your job. The Bingo! A common resume hack is to look for keywords in the job listing that applies to your experience and pepper them in to your resume. These keywords will be picked up by prompt essay questions, the ATS but use caution by an argument essay, not overloading on them. An ATS may weed you out if it looks like you “stuffed” your resume with too many keywords. List specifics. It’s important to quantify your work as much as you can.

For example: A. Implemented customer service software resulting in a 75% decrease in customer complaints B. Implemented customer service software. As you can see, example A. is much more detailed and paints a clear picture of how successful the candidate’s efforts were. Keep it clean and concise. Your resume should be well-structured and prompt essay, easy-to-read from top to bottom. College! Pretty pictures and flashy graphics are great if you’re a graphic designer…and sending your resume directly to an employer’s email.

Straight black and college prompt essay, white text works best when it comes to submitting your resume through an ATS. Essay! Also make sure to only include the most relevant information in your resume. College Prompt Essay Questions! I hate to say it but no one cares if you’re a foodie. Aren’t we all? Make it mobile. And Creon Essay! This tip is great not only for applying through an ATS but for applying on many mobile friendly job sites. According to online audience measurement company comScore, mobile devices and tablets make up 60% of college prompt essay questions, all digital media time.

Once your resume makes it through the ATS, it better be ready to be viewed on any device. Our friends at Online Resume Builders have a cool and easy-to-use tool to help you build a mobile optimized resume. Check it out papers, today! List your most relevant and college questions, impressive details first. It takes 7 seconds to make a first impression. While I’m not sure if this applies in the virtual screening world, many sources say this is attending community college true of us humans. Once your resume hits the hiring manager’s desk, pull them in by listing your most valuable skills and experience at the top. When it’s all said and done you should have a well crafted resume that’s set up for applicant screening success. That said, you shouldn’t bank on just one way to search and apply to jobs. Now for essay questions, my not so shameless plug. Thesis! There are two great services that help get your resume in front of even more employers and recruiters.

The first is college essay questions ResumeZapper. ResumeZapper instantly “zaps” your resume to recruiters looking for candidates just like you. The second awesome service is Resume Rabbit. Rather than spend hours posting your resume to every job board under the sun let ResumeRabbit post it to almost 100 job boards at once! To learn more visit ResumeZapper and ResumeRabbit today!

The Art of the Job Search – Always Be Looking. You may have heard the phrase “Always Be Learning.” To be the best you can be, in rubric, your professional and personal life, this certainly holds true. We can and should always be learning. Learning doesn’t cease just because we receive a degree or reach a certain age. We can always learn more about our surroundings and college questions, others. There is another phrase to follow in life – Always Be Looking. If the recession and economic uncertainty of thesis, past years taught us one thing, it could be that we never know the real security of college essay questions, our jobs and lifestyles.

One day we can have it all, and papers, the next day be forced to look for a new opportunity. While the college prompt, shock of being laid off or having our companies close cannot be lessened through preparation, we should always be learning and looking. Looking for other opportunities in deprivation thesis, our field, or in other fields, and keeping our options open. Know Where Your Industry is college essay Going. Are the number of job opportunities growing in your field, or are positions like yours disappearing? By constantly looking for job opportunities, you can spot trends, gain the deprivation, education you need, and be proactive in your career. Give Yourself Goals. College Essay Questions! Research jobs you would want down the road. The Bingo Van Essay! If you are in college or a training school, look for positions you would want to college prompt, apply to after graduation. Serial Killers! If you are in a field and want to move up (and who doesn’t), look at the descriptions and requirements of those jobs that would appeal to you in prompt essay questions, 1 year, 5 years, or more.

Create a path to success by gaining the education and experience needed for those positions. Create a Game Plan for a Worst-Case Scenario. Attending Community College! If you lost your job next week, what would be your first steps? By regularly researching the types of jobs available in your field, and the companies where you would want to work, you would have knowledge of prompt, where to rubric, begin your next aggressive job search. Job.com is a job board with a focus of putting America Back to Work.

If you are ready to continue (or begin) your resolution to Always Be Looking, visit our site to college questions, conduct tailored job searches and research tools available to reach employers and recruiters across the nation. As always, the Job.com team wishes you success! The Art of the Job Search – Letters of and creon essay, Recommendation and References. Your main marketing pieces during your job search, including your resume, cover letter and maybe even a portfolio or website, are pieces you produce. Questions! You have control over the information presented. So what do you do when an employer asks for letters of recommendation or a reference list to contact? How do you manage your LinkedIn Recommendations to reflect what you want potential employers to see?

You may not write the recommendations, but you do have a level of control of the information presented, based on who you ask for paper, a recommendation and college questions, how you ask. Check over your list of professional contacts and determine which would present the most relevant and influential information in writing, their letter, based on the position to college prompt, which you are applying. If you have a former colleague or manager who can vouch for your knowledge in a particular industry or type of job, be sure to ask if they would be willing to provide a reference. Through your research as a job seeker interested in a particular job or company, you are the expert in essay, what the college essay, potential employer is looking for community, in their candidates. When approaching your contacts about writing a letter of recommendation or acting as a reference, you can provide them with some coaching through that knowledge. This will make each reference call or letter more relevant and impressive to your potential employer. If the potential employer wants letters of recommendation, you can ask each contact to base their letters on one of your core strengths. For instance, one letter could focus on your ability to multitask, one on your ability to manage deadlines, and one on your leadership abilities. College Questions! Have each letter demonstrate how your skills would be a benefit to the potential employer. Your Social Media Recommendations. Social media is now a huge factor in most recruiting processes.

Through social media sites such as LinkedIn, potential employers can see a limitless number of recommendations from colleagues, clients, and others who appreciate the work you’ve done in past positions. You can manage who posts a recommendation for you by asking them directly. LinkedIn also requires that you approve any recommendations before they display on essay worksheet, your page, providing further control of your digital image. Photo credit: degreesoftransition.com. The Art of the prompt questions, Resume – How to Promote Your Resume. As a job seeker in today’s highly competitive market, any resource that allows you to broadcast your brand and antigone, your marketing pieces, such as your resume, can give you the prompt essay questions, edge. Antigone Essay! Posting your resume on job boards such as Job.com is an college essay questions, excellent first step in making your resume available to employers and recruiters in the “hidden job market” – those not currently advertising their open positions. Another great step if you are serious about finding a position is using a resume distribution service.

These services send your resume directly to their lists of employers in attending community, your industry or geographic location. All you need to do is provide a resume and college questions, the optional cover letter that serve as your introduction to employers. Your resume can be seen by employers who may be hiring now, or in an argument, the near future, with little or no research required from you. Job.com’s Resume Distribution service is essay questions one of many tools available to any registered job seeker who has posted a resume. Antigone And Creon! For a small fee, your resume can be sent to a segment of our extensive list of recruiters, depending on your location and desired industry.

You will immediately be provided the number of recruiters who will receive your emails in the very first step. There are also a number of additional options in the check out process, including ordering a firm list to see exactly who will receive your resume. If you are ready to broadcast your resume to the recruiters in college questions, your field, check out the Resume Distribution Service today!

An Essay on prompt essay The Landlady by Roald Dahl. prepared readers well for the end of the story. Writing Worksheet? He used hints such as. describing the outside of the bed and breakfast, giving details of the. entry and the bedroom, and also telling the questions, readers about the living. foreshadowing. The sign was described to deprivation, be distinctive. It was. portrayed to be luring the boy inside. Dahl used the opening of the. door as a hint also.

He explained that the woman debouched the door. open, which would foreshadow that she was abnormal. The woman also had. the events to come. The bed had a hot water bottle in it. This was. meant to college prompt essay, make the lady seem like she was waiting for someone soon, since the bottle was still warm to keep the the bingo, bed heated. There was. also the guest book that had only two other entries. One was Chris. Muholland and the other was Gregory Temple.

These names sounded. familiar to the boy and led to his curiosity of who they were. When. the boy remembered where he saw the names before, which was in essay questions the. newspaper claiming they were missing, it revealed that the men were in. the bed and breakfast before they went missing. This made the reader. believe that something was discerning about the situation. An Argument Worksheet? room. He described a dog and a parrot first. It turned out college prompt essay questions, the. animals were stuffed, and the lady taxidermies them herself.

At this. point in the story, the van essay, hints are coming together that not everything. is adequate about the place. Her hands were said to be pale, as if. they might be lifeless. Dahl used this to explain that she might have. gotten discoloration in college essay questions her hands from using chemicals in her “work” that she does. The tea was finally used as a clue. The lady gave the. boy some tea that tasted of bitter almonds. Antigone And Creon Essay? The use of this. information declared that something was in the tea The Character of the essay, Hitchhiker in serial killers research The Hitchhiker by Roald Dahl. However Dahl makes the character more fascinating and college prompt questions, unique. Further on in the college essay, story, the hitchhiker began to unwrap. His personality and thoughts began to unfold.

I noticed the hitchhiker had strong opinions. The hitchhiker thinks his highly skilled job is college essay more important than any other, ?crummy jobs?. In my opinion I would say he must have a ?crummy job?, because he is the one who is a hitchhiker. He also said ? all car makers are liars? and ?there?s a lot of the bingo, bad writers around?. I admired Lamb to the Slaughter By Roald Dahl Essay. My first impressions of Patrick Maloney, the husband, were not as I expected them to be. From what I saw of the wife I expected Patrick to be a kind gentle man who loves every second with his wife, only to find out he is not.

As soon as he gets in is to the chair and drinking a glass of whiskey “…Then she walked over and made the drinks, a strongish one for prompt essay him, a weak one for herself; and soon she was back again in her chair with the sewing, and he in the other, opposite…” This gives the Lamb to writing an argument worksheet, the Slaughter by Roald Dahl Essay. The next several paragraphs prove just how much Mary loved her husband and explain why She loved to luxuriate in the presence of this man. However, the more reasons Mary gives for loving her husband and the more attempts she makes to please him it becomes clearer and clearer that something is wrong - Patrick is avoiding conversation and is becoming increasingly more irritated with Mary for her attempts to please to him. When Mr. Malloney cannot bear another moment of the college prompt essay questions, fuss that has been created The Speckled Band by Sir Arthur Conan Doyle and Lamb To The Slaughter by Roald Dahl. stone' and 'a picture of ruin' to show the age of the mansion. In this story, the setting is very important as it creates the suspense and community, atmosphere for the reader to keep reading on.

They expect something malicious in return. On the other hand Dahl uses phrases such as 'The room was warm and clean', 'the curtains drawn' and college essay, 'Fresh ice cubes' to create a warm domestic feeling, which works in harmony with the image of antigone, Mrs. Maloney and her feelings toward her husband. This causes the essay, reader to The Speckled Band by an argument worksheet Arthur Conan Doyle and Lamb to the Slaughter by Roald Dahl. described. The manor of Stoke Moran is the kind of prompt, place that you would expect to be the setting of a murder mystery, the Maloney residence is not. Attending Community College Essay? The setting for the story is a warm 1950's family home, belonging to Mr and college prompt essay, Mrs Patrick Maloney. Dahl starts the story with a short description of the setting. 'The room was warm and clean, the curtains drawn, the two table lamps alight, hers and essay, the one by the empty chair opposite.' This description is not the typical setting for this type of publicus ? public). Consequently the republic was similar with Greek demokratia. At the beginning only aristocrats or patricians were allowed to participate at the governing act, but after much struggle the common people [ .] also gained entry (Dahl, 1998: 13). Only male patricians, later lower castes as well, were able to govern, meaning that women, same as in Athens, were denied any political rights.

Starting as a city-state, the prompt questions, Roman Republic conquered territories far beyond its initial borders The Veiled Lodger by Sir Arthur Conan Doyle and and creon essay, The Lamb To The Slaughter by Roald Dahl. Maloney enquires, 'tired, darling?' he replies, 'yes. I'm tired.' These short retorts show anxiety and anger. After much enquiry about dinner plans, a one-sided conversation with Mrs. Maloney, and a very agitated and snappy Mr Maloney, he finally decides to take aggression with his wife, 'Sit down. just sit down'. Mrs. Maloney now makes herself appear vulnerable by lowering herself cautiously into a chair, Still being her pleasing self, Mrs Maloney listens to her husband, he tells her, very The Evolution of the college essay, Modern Woman as seen in Roald Dahl#x27;s #x27;Witches#x27; and becomes very weak, however still manages to recover and take her grandson on vacation.

In addition to this, the grandmother can certainly come across as stubborn, In the end, the doctor had his way about the holiday, but not about the cigars (Dahl, pg. Essay Worksheet? 51), here, one sees how the grandmother refuses to college prompt questions, stop smoking cigars even though the doctor had warned her that it may be hazardous to antigone and creon, her health, especially since she is prompt still recovering form her illness. An extremely will powered woman is How Dahl Uses Humor in his Books Boy and Georges Marvellous Medicine to Manipulate the Reader#x27;s Perception of Events that Occur. it’s unbelievable.” (Dahl et al., 2013). Roald Dahl is well known for writing rubric for research someone who loves to prompt, use humour in his story books to make children and even grownups laugh until their tummies heart. In the following essay there is going to be looked at how Dahl uses humour in his books Boy and Georges Marvellous Medicine to manipulate the reader’s perception of events that occur. An Argument? You can write about anything for children as long as you’ve got humour (Dahl et al., 2014) In Boy, Dahl makes use of humour to Atmosphere and Tension in The Speckled Band by Air Arthur Conan Doyle and Lamb to the Slaughter by college questions Roald Dahl. The story begins with Sherlock waking up Watson and explaining of a women in need of their help. They arrive downstairs to greet a women named Helen Stoner.

She begins to explain her worries about her fiery stepfather who she believes murdered her sister. She begins to explain the serial killers research, of her family and talks of essay, her close relationship with her sister, Sherlock arranges a visit to Helen's home to deprivation, try to get to the bottom of her sisters murder. She left. Soon after Sherlock

Company Law Essay #8211; Cavendish University Law Lecturers Notes. DEFINITION OF COMPANY: The Companies Act Cap 110 definition section states that “company” means a company formed and registered under the Act or an existing company. The companies Act does not sufficiently define what a company is but authors have developed a definition of a company. Professor David Bakibinga in his book company law in Uganda at page 2 defines a company as an artificial legal entity separate and distinct from its members or shareholders. This legal person is distinguishable from college questions, natural personality. Natural persons are born by natural people/persons and their lives end at death, artificial persons (corporations) are created by law and their existence is ended by the law.

The possession of a legal personality implies that a company is capable of enjoying rights and being subject to duties, separately from thesis, its members. College Essay! As an artificial legal person, a company is capable of the following;- * It has an existence separate from that of the members and as such;- * It has its own name by which it is recognised. Thesis! It can own its own property ie assets like buildings, land, bank accounts. etc * It can sue or be sued in essay questions its own name. * Even if a member or all the members die, the company will still remain in existence, in attending essay other words it has perpetual succession. * It can borrow money in its own name and use its assets as security and college prompt essay questions it will be responsible for paying back such debts.. Antigone Essay! * It can employ its own employees, including its members or shareholders. i) This principle of legal personality was first distinctly articulated in the British House of Lords Judgment in college prompt questions the case of Salomon Vs. Salmon Company Limited (1897) AC 22 At the court of first instance and appeal court, it was held That therefore the company was a legal entity capable of a separate existence and liable to essay, pay its own debts, and Salomon was not personally liable to pay the debts of the prompt, company. ii) That a company is at law a different person altogether from the subscribers although it may be that after incorporation, the business is exactly the same as was before, the same persons are the managers, and the same hands receive the profits. The second person needed may not be an independent person. He could be the nominee of the first person. Where a private Company does not comply with these requirements, it loses exemptions and privileges conferred on a private company.

This failure can only be remedied upon showing court that it was caused by accident or inadvertence or some other sufficient cause. Under the Companies Act, Companies in Uganda can also be further divided into: * Limited by shares * Limited by essay, guarantee * Unlimited companies (a) A company limited by questions, shares. This is a company where the members enjoy limited liability. This means that in case of winding up of the company if the company’s assets are unable to meet the company’s debts, then the members will only be liable to contribute to the debts of the company only such amounts as a member may not have paid for the shares they bought. i,e. , a member will only be required to pay the balance that he did not pay on the shares he bought. Thus a members liability is only limited to the amount of the unpaid shares. a) A Company limited by guarantee This is one where the deprivation thesis, liability of its members is limited to such amount as the members may have undertaken to contribute to questions, the company’s assets in the event of its winding up. Thesis! This guarantee must be expressed in the memorandum of association. i. e. there must be an express statement/undertaking by prompt essay questions, the subscribers / members that the members guarantee that they will pay a specified amount of money if in killers research the event of winding up of the company, if the company’s assets are not sufficient to meet its debts. b) An unlimited company This is a company in prompt questions which there is no limit on the liability of the members. This means that in the event of winding up, the members are liable to contribute money sufficient to cover all the company’s debts without any limitations, if the company for example has debts of millions and rubric millions of shillings, the prompt questions, members have to be responsible to pay all the debts and the members personal estate/property can be encroached upon to discharge the liabilities of the company. PUBLIC COMPANIES.

The minimum required number for public companies is 7 and it goes up to infinity in other words there is no limit as to writing an argument essay, the maximum number of members a public company can have. A public company should be a limited liability company. Prompt! Its Memorandum of Association must state that it is to be a public company. Its registered name normally ends with the words public limited company (plc). A Company, which has obtained registration as a public company, its original certificate of incorporation or subsequent ertificate of registration issued by the registrar must state that it is for research papers, a public company. Distinction between Private and prompt essay questions Public Companies A public company| A private Company| 1. Minimum of 7 members. For such company to do business there must be a minimum of at least 7 members.

Where the company continues to do business when the number of members has fallen below the antigone, legal minimum, then this is a ground for the winding up of the company. (Winding up is the process of putting the company’s existence to an end. ) 2. No maximum limit of members. 3. There must be a minimum of two directors 4. Cannot commence business until and unless it obtains a certificate of trading/certificate of commencement of business, in addition to a certificate of incorporation. 5. Questions! Must hold a statutory meeting between l 3 months from the date of commencement of business. Directors are required under the law to send a statutory report to every member within 14 days to the date of the meeting. Such report must also be sent the registrar of companies. 1. Minimum of two members For such company to do business there must be a minimum of at the bingo, least 2 members. Where the college questions, company continues to do business when the number of members has fallen below the legal minimum, then this is killers research paper, a ground for the- winding up of the company. 2. The maximum number of members is 50 3. Only one director can suffice 4. Can commence business as soon as it acquires a certificate of incorporation.

5. No statutory meeting is required of such companies. | HOLDING AND SUBSIDIARY COMPANIES. A subsidiary company is one that is controlled by another company called a holding company or its parent (or the parent company). The holding company is therefore one that controls another, and its memorandum must give it powers to do so. The most common way that control of a subsidiary is achieved, is through the ownership of majority shares in college prompt essay the subsidiary by the parent Examples include holding companies such as MTN (Uganda) is a subsidiary of MTN (South Africa), Stanbic Bank Uganda is a subsidiary of Standard Bank (South Africa FORMATION/ REGISTRATION PROCESS. A company is formed by registering it with the Registrar of Companies and obtaining a certificate of the bingo van essay incorporation. The registration process goes through the following steps;- 1. RESERVATION OF THE COMPANY NAME.

The promoters must choose a name of their choice and then make an application to the registrar of companies to reserve the name for their company. The name should not be identical with that of an existing company or so nearly resemble it as to prompt essay, be calculated to deceive, it should not also Contains the words “chamber of writing an argument commerce” except where the nature of the company’s business so justifies it and questions lastly it should not suggests patronage (a connection) from government or be associated with immorality, crime or scandalous in nature. If the registrar is satisfied that the community college, name meets the above requirements, he will approve and college questions reserve the name, the company must then register within 60 days. Reservation means that within those 60 days the registrar will not allow any other person to register another company using that same name. To guard against rubric, the possibility of a negative reply from the Registrar, promoters must have in mind one or more suitable alternatives. College Prompt Essay! Once a company has secured registration in a particular name it secures a virtual monopoly of corporate activity under that name. In case the community college essay, Registrar inadvertently approves a name which by college prompt essay, law is not adequate, then the new company may change its name within 6 months. A company may change its name by essay worksheet, special resolution and with the written approval of the Registrar. ‘Where the Registrar refuses to register a name without good reason, an application for an order of mandamus to compel the registrar to perform his duty and register the company can be filed in the High Court.

2. PRESENTATION OF THE REQUIRED DOCUMENTS BEFORE THE REGISTRAR FOR REGISTRATION. Within 60 days after the college prompt questions, reservation of the name, the promoters will then present the following documents to the registrar to have their company registered. * Memorandum of Association Articles of Association * A statement of nominal capital * A statutory declaration of compliance. * A statement with the names and particulars of directors and secretary * The prospectus. * The Memorandum of Association of the college essay, company. The memorandum of association is the most important of all the company documents because it contains the powers of the company, it describes the company and the nature of activities that the company is authorized to do or engage in. * Articles of Association This document regulates the prompt, internal activities of the members and the directors. It contains information on, management, who will be the directors of the company, who will be the managing director, secretary, appointment of the board of directors, qualifications of directors, the chairman of the board, meetings (how meetings of the company should be called and conducted), the classes and rights of shareholders, transfer of shares , borrowing powers of the company, its properties, control of the company finance, dividends/profits and how they should be distributed auditing of books, the company seal and how it should be used etc * Declaration of compliance. This is the bingo, a statement declaring that all the necessary requirements of the Companies Act with regard to the formation of the company have been duly complied with and that the directors agree to continue complying with them. * A statement of nominal capital This is a statement which shows the capital with which the company is starting with. ie the initial capital of the company. * List of names and particulars of Directors and Company Secretary This document contains the details of the essay, names, age, addresses, occupations of the directors and company secretary of the company. It should also contain an the bingo undertaking by the directors to take and pay for the qualification shares if any that such persons may be required to acquire. * A Prospectus If the company is a public company, it must in addition to the above documents also issue a prospectus which must also be registered with the companies’ registry. It is a document setting forth the nature and objects of a company and inviting the public to subscribe for shares in the company. It sets out the prompt questions, number of the attending community essay, founders/management, the share qualification of prompt essay directors, names, description and addresses of serial killers paper directors, the shares offered to the public for college questions subscription, property acquired by the company, the auditors, etc.

The purpose of the prospectus is to provide the essential information about the position of a company when it is launched so that those interested in investing in it can properly assess the risk of investment. 3. Serial Research Paper! PAYMENT OF STAMP DUTY AND REGISTRATION FEES. The registrar will then assess how much duty is to be paid on registration of that company; it is prompt, sassed basing on the capital that the company is starting with, the more the capital the greater the stamp duty. Registration fees are also paid. 4. ISSUANCE OF A CERTIFICATE OF INCORPORATION. After all these requirements, a certificate of registration is issued if the Registrar is satisfied.

THE MEMORANDUM ARTICLES OF ASSOCIATION OF A COMPANY. The memorandum of Association. The Memorandum of Association of a company, which is required to be registered for antigone essay purposes of incorporation, is prompt essay, regarded as the company’s most important document in the sense that it determines the powers of the company. Consequently, a company may only engage in research activities and exercise powers, which have been conferred upon it expressly by the memorandum or by implication there from. Contents of the college essay, Memorandum The Memorandum of Association of a company limited by shares must state the following:- 1.

The name of the company with “Limited” as the last word. 2. The registered office of the attending community college essay, company is essay questions, situated in Uganda. 3. Attending College! The objects of the company. 4. A statement as to the liability of the prompt essay questions, members. 5. A statement to the nature of the company (Whether private or public).

6. The amount of share capital and division thereof into shares of a fixed amount. Antigone Essay! In addition, the memorandum must state the names, address and descriptions of the questions, subscribers thereof who must be at least two for a private company and seven for a public company. 1. The name. The name of the serial killers, company should be indicated and essay if it is attending essay, a limited company, it should have the word limited at the end eg Stanbic Bank Uganda Ltd. 2. Registered office The memorandum must state that the registered office is situated in Uganda. However, the actual address must be communicated to the Registrar of Companies within 14 days of the date of incorporation or from the date it commences business by registration of college prompt essay a company form called Notice of situation of registered office of the company, this form will indicate the essay, exact location of the company eg plot 8 industrial area Kampala. . The objects clause This sets out the principle activities the company has been incorporated to pursue. For example; trading in general merchandise, carrying on essay questions, business of wholesalers and retail traders of all airtime cards, mobile phones and all phone accessories, carrying on the business of mobile money agents etc. The objects must be lawful and should include all the activities which the company is likely to pursue.

The objects or powers of the company as laid down in the memorandum or implied there from determine what the company can do. Antigone! Consequently, any activities not expressly or impliedly authorized by the memorandum are “ultra vires” the college essay, company. The ultra vires doctrine restricts an incorporated company under the Companies Act to the purse only the writing an argument worksheet, objects outlined in college essay questions its registered Memorandum of Association. The doctrine of ultra vires is illustrated in writing an argument the case of college prompt essay questions ASHBURY RAILWAY CARRIAGE CO. LTD VS. RICH (1875). A company which was not authorized by its memorandum of association to lend money or finance any activity made an agreement with the writing, defendant to provide him with finance for college essay the construction of a railway in Beligium, later on the company repudiated this agreement and did not actually provide the finances, the serial killers paper, defendant sued the company for breach of contract, the company in its defense argued that financing railway construction was not one of the activities it was authorized to do, it was held that indeed such an act was beyond the college prompt, powers of the serial killers paper, company and such an prompt essay questions ultra vires contract was void and un enforceable. To evade this restrictive interpretation of the thesis, objects clause, draftsmen inserted words as “and to do all such other acts and things as the company deems incidental or conducive to the attainment of these objects or any of them. In BELL HOUSES LTD -VS-CITY WALL PROPERTIES LTD (1966) 2 QB 656, a company was formed to carry on the business of General Civil Engineering contracts and in particular to build houses.

It had power to college prompt essay questions, carry on any other trade and to do any other things that incidental to the above company’s objects. The Court held that the company could lawfully contract for a fee to procure loans to other concerns, from or business whatsoever which it can in the opinion of the board of directors be advantageously carried out deprivation, sources of finance which it had resorted to in the past. It further held that cementing good relations with the prompt essay questions, financiers would be valuable when the company needed finances for its activities. Writing Essay Worksheet! The Memorandum of Association spells out the main objectives and powers of the company. However, certain powers may be implied in prompt questions the Memorandum of the bingo Association.

For example, in the case of FERGUSON V WILSON (1866) 2CH. A 277, a power to appoint agents and engage employees was implied in the Memorandum of Association. This is only sensible because a company as a fictitious person can only work through agents and employees; and therefore if such a power was not implied, then the company could not function at college prompt essay questions, all. Similarly in GENERAL AUCTION ESTATES MONETARY CO. V. SMITH (1891) 3CH 432, the court implied powers of and creon essay borrowing money and giving security for loans.

Subsequent cases have also adopted this position. In NEWSTEAD (INSPECTION OF TAXES) V FROST (1978)1 WLR 441 AT PAGE 449, the court implied powers of entering into partnership or joint venture agreements for questions carrying the on the kind of business it may itself carry on i. The Bingo Van Essay! e. intra vires. In PRESUMPTION PRICES PATENT CANDLE CO (1976), the court implied a power of paying gratuities to employees. A power to institute, defend and compromise proceedings will also be implied in the Memorandum of Association” if it is not provided expressly”. Courts at essay, times imply powers because the particular nature of the antigone essay, company’s undertaking demands it. In EVANS, (1921) I CII.

359. The court observed that a company formed to prompt essay, manufacture chemicals had powers to make grants to Universities and other scientific institutions to facilitate scientific research and training scientists although it may not obtain any immediate financial benefit from the venture. Therefore before the court implies powers it seems: * There must be some reasonable connection between the company’s objects and writing rubric for research the power it seeks to exercise. It is not sufficient for college prompt it to merely show that it will benefit in some way by exercising that power. It is essay worksheet, important to show that the company will in fact benefit in some way even though remote in the exercise of the power (see Evans, (above). However, though the Court may imply these powers in the Memorandum of Association, its better practice to expressly state them. This is only sensible because:- * The company often needs powers which the courts have not ruled that they can be implied and college prompt questions therefore the company can only obtain them by express provisions in the Memorandum of Association, (e. g. the writing an argument, power to college prompt questions, buy a share from another company though recognized under the Act has not yet been implied). To avoid uncertainties or expenses of litigation, it is safer to insert them expressly in and creon the memorandum of association.

4. The liability of members The memorandum of a company limited by shares or by guarantee should indicate that the liability of members is limited. With respect to a company limited shares, the liability of a member is the prompt, amount, if any, unpaid on his shares. With regard to the liability of a member of college a company limited by college prompt essay questions, guarantee, this is limited to the amount he undertook to contribute to the assets of the company in the event of winding up. A company may also be registered with unlimited liability. In such a situation, the members liability is unlimited and in cases the company does not have sufficient credit to pay its creditors, then the shareholders personal property may be encroached on to pay the papers, company’s debts.. 5. Share capital (clause) The memorandum requires that a company having a share capital must state the amount of share capital with which the company is to be registered and that such capital is divisible into shares of a fixed amount. The essence of the division is to control the powers of the directors to allot shares. The law does not prescribe the value but they are usually small amounts to encourage people to hold as many shares as possible. The amount of capital with which a company is to college prompt questions, be registered and the amount into which it is to be divided are matters to thesis, be decided upon by the promoters and will be determined by the needs of the company and finance available.

For example if a company has its initial share capital/ startup capital of prompt essay 5,000,000 it can divide this into 100 shares of the bingo 50,000 each. So of s member subscribes for 50 shares, he will contribute 2,500,000/= . ARTICLES OF ASSOCIATION The Articles of Association contains regulations for managing the internal affairs of the company i. e. the business of the company. They are applied and interpreted subject to the memorandum of association in that they cannot confer wider powers on the company than those stipulated in the memorandum. Thus, where there is a conflict or divergence between the memorandum and articles, the provisions of the memorandum must prevail. anagement, who will be the directors of the company, who will be, appointment of the board of directors, qualifications of college prompt essay questions directors, the, the classes and worksheet rights of shareholders, transfer of shares , , auditing of books, Contents of the Articles * The board of directors (management) and how they will be appointed, their qualifications, how they can resign or be removed from office. * The chairman of the board. * The managing director and how he will be appointed. * Secretary and college questions his appointment. eetings (how meetings of the company should be called and conducted and community essay the required quorum/ number of members that must be present to conduct a valid meeting of the prompt questions, company) and the different types of writing papers meeting that the company may hold from time to time voting rights of the members, the right to receive notice and to attend and vote etc. * powers of questions directors * The different classes of shares and the rights attached to different classes of shares. * Borrowing powers of the essay, company. its properties, control of the company finance, its bankers, dividends/profits and how they should be distributed * appointment of auditors * the company seal and how it should be used etc The Articles must be printed in the English language, divided into questions, paragraphs, numbered consecutively, signed by each subscriber to the memorandum in the presence of at least one witness who must attest the signature. The Companies Act contains a standard form of articles (table A) which applies to companies limited by shares. These regulate the the bingo van essay, company unless it has its own special articles which totally or partially exclude table A. Prompt Essay! The advantages of statutory model articles are: * That legal drafting of special articles is van essay, reduced to a minimum since even special articles usually incorporate much of the text of the model. Essay Questions! * There is flexibility since any company can adopt the model selectively or with modifications and include in its articles special articles adapted to its needs. Rubric For Research Papers! INTERPRETATION OF ARTICLES AND MEMORANDUM OF ASSOCIATION.

The Memorandum of Association is the basic law or constitution of the company and the articles are subordinate to the Memorandum of Association. It follows therefore that if there is a conflict, the Memorandum of Association prevails. In other words if there is a contradiction between the provisions of the memorandum and college essay questions the provisions of the deprivation, articles of association, then the provisions of the memorandum will be followed and those provisions in the articles which are contradicting the memorandum will be void and of no effect. If there is no conflict, the Memorandum of Association and articles must be read together and any ambiguity or uncertainty in prompt either can be removed by the other CONSEQUENCES OF INCORPORATION The fundamental attribute of corporate personality from which all other consequences flow is that “the corporation is a legal entity distinct from its members”. Hence it’s capable of enjoying rights and being subject to duties which are not the same as those enjoyed or borne by deprivation, its members. In other words it has a legal personality and it is often described as an artificial person in contrast with a human being-a natural person. SALOMON Vs SALOMON CO) Since the Salomon case, the complete separation of the company and its members has never been doubted. It is from this fundamental attribute of separate personality that most of the particular advantages of incorporation spring and these are: 1. LIABILITY: The company being a distinct legal “persona” is liable for college questions its debts and obligations and the bingo van essay the members or directors cannot be held personally responsible for college questions the company’s debts. It follows that the company’s creditors can only antigone and creon essay sue the company and not the shareholders.

In in the case of Salomon V Salomon (1897), creditors of the company sought to have Solomon a managing director of the company personally liable for the debts of the company but court held that the company and Solomon were two different persons and that the company as a legal person is liable for college questions its own debts and Solomon a managing director could not be held personally responsible for the debts of the writing an argument essay worksheet, company. In the prompt essay questions, Ugandan case of Sentamu v UCB (1983) HCB 59, it was held that individual members of the company are not liable for the company’s debts. The liability of the members or shareholders of the company is limited to the amount remaining unpaid on the shares. The Bingo! For instance, where a shareholder has been allotted 50 shares at Shs. 100,000 each, in total he should pay 5,000,000 for prompt essay all the fifty shares, if he pays only Shs.

4, 000, 000 to the company, it means that he will still owe the company 1,000,000. This is deprivation, what is called uncalled capital. College Prompt Essay Questions! The company may call on him to pay it any time. If that does not happen, then at the time of winding up the company, he will be required to pay the Shs. 1, 000, 000. In the case of a company limited by guarantee, each member is liable to contribute a specific amount to the assets of the company and their liability is limited to the amount they have guaranteed to contribute. If the company has unlimited liability, the members liability to contribute is unlimited and their personal property can be looked at to discharge the company creditors but that is only after utilizing the van essay, company’s money and essay it is writing for research, not enough to pay all the debts. 2. College Prompt Questions! PROPERTY: An incorporated company is deprivation, able to own property separately from its members.

Thus, the members cannot claim an interest or interfere with the company property for their personal gain/benefit. Thus, one of the advantages of incorporation (corporate personality) is that it enables the property of the company to be clearly, distinguished from college prompt essay questions, that of the members. In the case of MACAURA Vs NORTH ASSURANCE CO. (1925) AC (see page 3 for facts). Serial Paper! In that case Lord Buckmaster of the House in college prompt essay questions Lords held that no shareholder has a right to any item of the property of the company, even if he holds all the shares in the company. In the case of Hindu Dispensary Zanzibar v N. Deprivation Thesis! A Patwa Sons, a flat was let out to essay questions, a company and the question was whether the company could be regarded as a tenant, it was held that a company can have possession of business premises by its servants or agents and that in fact that is the only way a company can have possession of its premises. 3. LEGAL PROCEEDINGS: As a legal person, a company can take action to enforce its legal rights or be sued for breach of its duties in the courts of law. If it the company being sued, then it should be sued in its registered name, if a wrong or incorrect name is used, the case will be dismissed from court for serial research example in the case of Denis Njemanze V Shell B. P Port Harcourt, the plaintiff sued a company called Shell B. P Port Harcourt which was a non existing company, counsel for the defendant company objected that there was no such company and the suit should be dismissed, counsel for the plaintiff sought courts leave to amend and prompt questions put the right part but court refused to deprivation thesis, grant the prompt, leave and dismissed the case. In the case of Wani V Uganda Timber, 1972 HCB the plaintiff applied for a warrant of arrest against thesis, a managing director of a company instead of suing the college essay, company, chief justice Kiwanoka held that a managing director of a company is not the company and essay cannot be sued personally, that if there is a case against prompt questions, the company then the company is the right party to paper, be sued not its managing director. Prompt Essay Questions! 5. Writing An Argument Essay Worksheet! PERPETUAL SUCCESSION: s. 15 of the companies Act provides that a company is prompt essay, a legal entity with perpetual sucession.

This means that even if a shareholder dies, or all the shareholders die or go bankrupt, in the eyes of the law, the company will remain in existence. If a share holder dies, his /her shares will be transmitted to their executor or a personal representative. Also in case a shareholder no longer wants to be a shareholder in a company, he will simply transfer his shares to someone else and to company will continue to exist. The only way a company can come to an argument essay worksheet, an end is by winding up, striking it off the register of companies or through amalgamation and reconstruction as provided by the Companies Act. This was illustrated in the case of RE NOEL EDMAN HOLDING PROPERTY all the members were killed in a motor accident but court held that the company would survive. Thus, this perpetual succession gives the certainty required in college prompt the commercial world even when ownership of shares changes there is no effect on the performance of the company and no disruption in the company business. 5. TRANSFER OF SHARES: A share constitutes an worksheet item of property, which is freely transferable, except in the case of private companies. When shares are transferred, the person who transfers ceases to be a shareholder and the person to whom they are transferred becomes the shareholder. In private companies, there is a restriction on the transfer of shares for example one may not transfer his shares except to an existing member or shareholder, and not to college prompt, an outsider. This is essential and is in any event desirable if such a company is to thesis, retain its character of an incorporated private company.

6. College! BORROWING: A company can borrow money and provide security in writing worksheet the form of a floating charge. A floating charge is a security created over the assets of the company. When a company borrows money let’s say from the bank or any other cerditor, it may use its assets e. g. cars, bank accounts and other assets as security, the security/ charge will then float over those assets, in case the company defaults on payment, the charge can settle on one or all of those assets and the bank/creditor of the company can sell those assets to recover their money. It is called a floating charge because it floats like a cloud over the whole assets of the company from time to time, it only settles/crystallizes if the company defaults on payment. So before the college essay questions, charge settles on the assets, the company is essay worksheet, free to college prompt, deal with those assets even to dispose them off in the usual course of business. 6. CAPACITY TO CONTRACT.

On incorporation, a company can enter into any contract with third parties. In the case of Lee V Lee Air Farming Co. Ltd (1961) A. C 12, it was held that a company was it is incorporated it has capacity to employ servants, even the shareholders. THE ULTRA VIRES DOCTRINE. a) Meaning of ultra vires. The object clause of the deprivation thesis, memorandum of association of a company contains the object for which the company is formed. An act of a company must not be beyond the object clause otherwise it will be ultra vires. The expression ultra vires means beyond powers, therefore an act or transaction that is beyond the powers of the company as stated in college the objects clause of the memorandum is an ultra vires act or transaction, such an act that is ultra vires is void and cannot be ratified by killers research, the company. Sometimes the term ultra vires is also used to describe a situation where the directors of a company have exceeded the powers delegated to them, where a company exceeds the powers conferred upon it by prompt questions, its memorandum of association, it is not bound by paper, it because it lacks the capacity to incur responsibility for that action, but when the directors of a company exceed the powers delegated to prompt, them, the company in a general meeting may choose to ratify their act or omission. b) Distinction from illegality.

An ultra vires act or transaction is different from an illegal act/ transaction, although both are void, they attract different legal consequences and the law treats them differently. An act of a company which is beyond its object clause is college essay, ultra vires and therefore void even if it is legal. Similarly an illegal act done by a company will be void even if it falls squarely within the objects of the company. c) Importance of the doctrine. Prompt! The doctrine of ultra vires was developed to protect the investors and creditors of the company. This doctrine prevents a company from employing the money of the investors for a purpose other than those stated in the object clause of its memorandum. Thus the investors of the company are assured that their money will not be employed for activities which they did not have in contemplation at the time they invested their money into the company.

This doctrine also protects the creditors of the company by ensuring that the funds of the company to which they must look to for payment are not dissipated in unauthorized activities. ) Establishment of the writing rubric, doctrine. The doctrine was established firmly in prompt 1875 by the House of Lords in the case of ASHBURY RAILWAY CARRIAGE CO. LTD VS. RICHE (1875). A company which was not authorized by its memorandum of association to lend money or finance any activity made an agreement with the defendant to provide him with finance for the construction of deprivation a railway in Beligium, the directors made this ultra vires contract on behalf the company but subsequently the company ratified this contract in a meeting. ater on the company repudiated this agreement and did not actually provide the finances, the defendant sued the company for essay questions breach of contract, the writing papers, company in its defense argued that financing railway construction was not one of the activities it was authorized to do.

It was held that indeed such an act was beyond the powers of the company and such an ultra vires contract was void and could not be enforced against the company. Court also held that an ultra vires contract cannot even be ratified by the company and that the subsequent act of the company purporting to ratify this contract in a meeting was void, court emphasized that an prompt essay ultra vires contract is void and cannot even be ratified by a unanimous decision of all the members of a company. In that case, the HOL expressed the view that a company incorporated under the Companies Act had power to writing essay worksheet, do only those things which are authorized by its object clause and nything outside that is ultra vires and cannot be ratified by the company. Soon after this case was decided, its shortcomings became immediately clear, it created hardships both for the management and outsiders dealing with the company. The activities of the management of the company were subjected to strict restrictions, at every step of transacting the business of the company; management was required to ascertain whether the acts which were sought to be done were covered by the object clause of its memorandum of association.

The business men thought this unduly restricted the frequency and ease of business, if the act was not covered by the memorandum, it would mean having to alter the object clause to add that activity and college prompt questions alteration of the memorandum required a lengthy procedure. Later in 1972, in England this doctrine was modified, and subsequently the courts have developed principals to reduce the rigors of the the bingo, doctrine of ultra vires. They include the following. 1. Powers implied by statute. According to this principal, a company has powers to do an prompt essay questions act or exercise a power which has been conferred on it by the companies Act or any other Act of Parliament even if such act is not covered by the object clause in the memorandum of association. 2. The principal of research paper implied and college essay incidental powers. This principal was established in van essay the case of ATTORNEY GENERAL V GREAT EASTERN RAILWAY CO (1880) 5 AC 473, in this case the HOL affirmed the prompt, principal laid down in the earlier case of ASHBURY RAILWAY CARRIAGE CO. LTD VS. RICHE (1875) but made a slight departure and held that the doctrine of ultra vires ought to be reasonably and not unreasonably understood and applied.

Court therefore held that whatever may be fairly regarded as incidental to or consequential upon the objects of the company should not be seen as ultra vires. That case therefore led to a clear conclusion that that a company incorporated under the companies act has power to carry out the objects set out in its memorandum and also everything that is reasonably necessary to enable it carry out those objects. ) Ascertainment of the ultravires doctrine. An act is therefore intra vires (within the powers) the company if; * It is stated in the object clause of the memorandum of association of that company. * It is authorized by research, the Companies Act or by any other Act of parliament. * If it is incidental to college essay questions, the main objects of the company or reasonably necessary to enable it carry out those objects. In the case of ATTORNEY GENERAL V. MERSEY RAILWAY CO (1907) 1 CH 81, a company was incorporated for carrying on hotel business. It entered into a contract with a third party for the purchasing of furniture, hiring servants and for maintaining omnibus. The purpose or object of the company was only to carry on a hotel business and it was not expressly mentioned in the objects clause in the memorandum of the rubric for research papers, company that they could purchase furniture or hire servants. The contract was challenged on questions, the ground that this act of the directors was ultra vires. The issue before court was whether the transaction was ultra vires. Court held that a company incorporated for carrying on a hotel business can purchase furniture or hire servants and maintain an omnibus to attend at the railway station to take or receive the intending guests to the hotel because these objects are reasonably necessary to effectuate the purpose for deprivation thesis which the company has been incorporated, and consequently such acts are within the prompt, powers of the company, although these may not be expressly mentioned in the objects clause of the memorandum of association of that company. However not every act that is the bingo, beneficial to the company is intra vires , it is not enough that the act is beneficial to college prompt essay, the company , the community essay, act must be reasonably necessary for prompt the company to carry out the activities mentioned in the memorandum. f) Effect of ultra vires transactions. * Ultra vires contracts.

These are void and cannot be enforced by or against the company. In the killers research, Case of RE JON BEAUFORE (LONDON) LTD (1953) CH 131, it was held that ultra vires contracts made with the company cannot be enforced against college essay, a company. Court also held that the memorandum of association is the bingo van essay, constructive notice to prompt, the public and attending therefore if an act is prompt essay, ultra vires, it will be void and will not be binding on the company and the outsider dealing with the company cannot take a plea that he had no knowledge of the contents of the memorandum because he is deemed to deprivation, know them. In England, the European Communities Act 1972 has lessened the effect of application of the Ultra vires doctrine in this manner. In England, third parties dealing with the company in good faith are protected and can enforce an prompt ultra vires contract against the company if the third party acted in good faith and thesis the ultra vires contract has been decided by college essay questions, the directors of the company. However in Uganda, the ultra vires doctrine has not been modified by serial, statute or case law and there is therefore no legal provision where third parties dealing with the company in good faith are protected and can enforce an ultra vires contract against the company if the third party acted in good faith Thus in Uganda the doctrine of ultra vires is applied strictly with the effect that where the contract entered into by the third party is found to be ultra vires the company, it will be held void and cannot be ratified by the company and the company cannot enforce it against college prompt essay questions, the third party and neither can a third party enforce it against the company. * Ultra vires borrowing. In Uganda a borrowing that is ultra vires is void and cannot be ratified by the company and community college essay the lender is prompt essay questions, not entitled to sue the company for the return of the loan.

However, the courts have developed certain principals in the interests of justice to protect such lenders. The reliefs include; * Injunction. If the money lent to the company has not been spent, the lender can apply to court for an injunction to prevent the company from spending the worksheet, money. Prompt! * Tracing. The lender can recover his money as long as it can still be found in writing rubric for research papers the hands of the prompt essay questions, company in community college its original form. * Property acquired under ultra vires transactions. Where the college questions, funds of the company are applied in purchasing some property, the company’s right over that property will be protected even though the expenditure on such purchasing has been ultra vires. * Judgments from ultra vires transactions. Antigone! Because the law considers ultra vires acts void by their very nature, the company and third parties cannot even with consent attempt to validate an ultra vires act. In RE JON BEAUFORE (LONDON) supra, builders of a factory for purposes which were apparently ultra vires demanded for their money and by consent it was ordered that the company should pay, on winding up, the liquidator refused to pay that debt that was arising out of an college prompt ultra vires transaction, the court held that the liquidator was well entitled to reject the claim as a company cannot do what is beyond its legal powers by simply going into court and consenting. LIABILITY OF DIRECTORS ON ULTRA VIRES TRANSACTIONS . 1. Liability towards the company. It is the duty of the directors to community, ensure that the funds of the company are used only for legitimate purposes of the company. Consequently if the funds of the company are used for a purpose foreign to its memorandum, the directors may be held personally liable to restore to the company the funds used for such purpose. Thus a share holder can sue the directors to restore to the company funds which they employed in transactions which the company is not authorized to prompt questions, engage in.

2. Liability towards third parties. The directors of a company are treated as agents of the company and therefore have a duty not to rubric for research, go beyond the prompt questions, powers that the deprivation thesis, company gives them. Where the director represents to a third party that the contract entered into by them on behalf of the company is within the powers of the company while in reality the college prompt questions, company does not have such powers under its memorandum, the the bingo, directors may be held personally liable to the third party for the loss on account of breach of warranty of college prompt authority. Writing An Argument Essay Worksheet! However to make the directors liable, the following conditions must be fulfilled. i) There must be a representation of authority by the directors. It should be a representation of fact not law. ii) By such representation, the directors must have induced the third party to make a contract with the company in respect of a matter beyond the powers of the company. iii) The third party must have acted on such inducement to college prompt, enter into the contract and deprivation thesis must prove that if it had not been for that inducement, he would not have entered into that contract. College Prompt Essay! iv) That as a result, the third party suffered loss. EXCEPTIONS TO THE ULTRA VIRES DOCTRINE. 1. Property acquired /investments made by the company using money from ultra vires transactions. Deprivation! 2. College Prompt Essay! Activities which are not expressed by the memorandum but are implied by law. 3. Activities which are not expressed by thesis, the memorandum but are incidental or related to or reasonably necessary for the company to carry out its express objects.

4. Ultra vires borrowing, where one seeks the equitable relief of injunction or tracing. LIFTING THE VEIL OF INCORPORATION A company once incorporated becomes a legal personality separate and distinct from its members and shareholders and capable of having its own rights, duties and obligation and can sue or be sued in its own name. College Essay! This is commonly referred to as “the doctrine or principle of corporate personality”. No case illustrated the above principles better than the noted House of Lords decision in Salomon v. Salomon. However, in some circumstances, the courts have intervened to disregard or ignore the doctrine of corporate personality especially in dealing with group companies and subsidiaries and where the corporate form is deprivation, being used as a vehicle to perpetrate fraud or as a “mere facade concealing the true facts. ” Upholding the prompt questions, abiove principal in such cases would result into and perpetuate injustice. In this topic, we will examine the concept of deprivation lifting the veil and the circumstances where the college prompt, court may “pierce” or “lift” the veil of incorporation. In Dunlop Nigerian Industries Ltd V Forward Nigerian Enterprises Ltd Farore 1976 N. CL. R 243, the HC of attending Lagos stated that in college prompt essay particular circumstances, e. where the device of incorporation is used for some illegal or improper purpose, the court may disregard the principle that a company is an independent legal entity and lift the veil of corporate identity so that if it is proved that a person used a company he controls as a cloak for an improper transaction, he may be made personally liable to a third party. Antigone! The legal technique of college prompt essay lifting the the bingo, veil is recognized under 2 heads: 1. Statutory lifting of the veil 2. Prompt Questions! Case law lifting of the veil Statutory lifting of the veil 1. Where the number of members is below legal minimum. Under S. 33 of the Companies Act if a company carries on business for an argument essay worksheet more than 6 months after its membership has fallen below the statutory minimum, (2 for college essay private companies and 7 for public companies), every member during he time the business is carried on deprivation, after the 6 months and who knows that the college prompt questions, company is carrying on business with less than the required minimum membership is individually liable for van essay the company’s debts incurred during that time.

In such a case therefore the prompt questions, corporate veil is lifted in order to hold those members personally liable for the company’s debts incurred during that time. 2. Where the- company is not mentioned in the Bill of Exchange. S. 34 of the Companies Act provides that a bill of antigone exchange shall be deemed to have been signed on behalf of a company if made in the name of the company, by prompt essay, or on behalf of the company or on account of the company by attending, any person acting under the college essay, company’s authority. S. 09 (4) (b) prohibits any officer of the company from an argument, signing or authorizing to be signed a bill of exchange on behalf of the company in which the company’s name is not mentioned in prompt essay legible characters/ clear letters. Any officer who does this is personally liable on that bill of exchange for the money or goods for that amount unless it is duly paid by the company. Therefore in such case the corporate veil is lifted in order to hold that officer of the attending community, company personally liable.

3. Holding and subsidiary companies. Where companies are in a relationship of holding and subsidiary companies, group accounts are usually presented by the holding company in essay questions a general meeting. In this regard, the holding and subsidiary companies are regarded as one for an argument worksheet accounting purposes and the separate nature of the subsidiary company is ignored. S. 147 of the college prompt essay questions, Companies Act requires each company to keep proper books of accounts with respect to * Money received by the company and attending community from what source. * Money spent and what it was spent on. * All sales and prompt essay questions purchases of goods made by the company. * The assets and liabilities of the company. These accounts are meant to give a true and fair view of the state of the company’s affairs and to explain its transactions.

Directors of the company are required at antigone and creon, least once a year to lay before the company in a general meeting a profit and prompt loss account (or income expenditure account for deprivation non profit making companies) plus a balance sheet. Where at the end of each year a company has subsidiaries, then as that parent company presents its accounts, it should also present a group account dealing with the affairs of prompt that parent company and its subsidiaries, the group account consists of a consolidated balance sheet and a consolidated profit and loss account of both the subsidiary and the parent company. 4. Reckless and Fraudulent Trading: Under sect 327, it is provided that if in the course of winding up, it appears that any business has been conducted recklessly or fraudulently, those responsible for such business may be held liable without limitation of liability for any of the company’s debts or liabilities. 5. Taxation. Under the income tax Act, the veil of incorporation may be lifted to ascertain where the control and the bingo management of the company is exercised in order to determine whether it is a Ugandan company for college questions income tax purposes. 6. Investigation into related companies Where an inspector has been appointed by the Registrar to college essay, investigate the prompt, affairs of a company, he may if he thinks it fit also investigate into the affairs of any other related company and also report on deprivation thesis, the affairs of that other company so long as he feels that the questions, results of and creon his investigation of such related company are relevant to the main investigation.

Lifting the Veil under case law . Where the company acts as agent of the share holders. Where the shareholders of the company use the company as an agent, they will be liable for the debts of the company. College Questions! Agency is a relationship which exists whenever one person authorizes another to act on attending college, his or her behalf. The person acting is called the agent, and prompt questions the one he is acting for is called the principal. Where such a relationship exists, the acts of the agent are taken to be the acts of the principal. And Creon Essay! Therefore in an agency relationship, the acts of the prompt, agent are taken to deprivation, be the prompt essay questions, acts of the principal. In case of liability it is the principal who is held liable and not the agent. This is because of the dictum that he who acts through another acts for himself. Thus where share holders employ or use the company as an agent, then those shareholders will be personally liable for essay the acts of the company as principals behind the agent. 2. Where there has been fraud or improper conduct. The veil of incorporation may also be lifted where the corporate personality is used as a mask for fraud or illegality.

In Gilford Motor Co V. Horne [1933] Ch. 935 Home was the former employee of Gilford Motor Co. He agreed not to solicit its customers when he left employment. He then formed a company which solicited the customers. Both the company and Home were held liable for breach of the covenant not to solicit. The company that Home formed was described as a “mere cloak or sham for the purpose of enabling him to essay, commit a breach of the deprivation, covenant”. In Jones V Lipman [1962]1 W. L. R 832 Lipman in order to avoid the completion of a sale of his house to Jones formed a company and transferred the house to the company. Court ordered him and the company to complete payment, even though the ownership of the house was no longer in his names but in that of the formed company. The company was described as a creature of Lipman, a device and a sham, a mask which he held before his face in an attempt to questions, avoid recognition by the eyes of community college equity. In Re Williams Bros Ltd. (1932) 2ch.

1, a company was insolvent but the Directors continued to college prompt, carry on its business and purchased its goods on credit. Thesis! It was held that if a company continues to college essay, carry out business and to incur debts at a time when there is to the knowledge of the directors no reasonable prospects of the creditors ever receiving payments of these debts, it is in general a proper inference that the company is carrying on business with intent to defraud. R V Graham (1984) QB. 675 makes it clear that a person is guilty of fraudulent trading if he has no reason to believe that the deprivation thesis, company will be able to pay is creditors in full by the dates when the respective debts become due or within a short time thereafter. 3. Public interest/policy. Sometimes, courts have disregarded the separate legal personality of the company and investigated the personal qualities of prompt questions its shareholders or the persons in control because there was an overriding public interest to be served by writing, doing so. In Daimler Co Ltd Vs Continental Tyre And Rubber Co (1916) A. C 307, a Company incorporated in England whose shares except one were held by German nationals resident in Germany brought an action during the First World War. All its directors were also German nationals resident in questions Germany, which was an enemy country at the time.

The Court disregarded the fact that the company had a British nationality by incorporation in England and rather concentrated on the control of the company’s business and serial killers research paper where its assets lay, in determining the company’s status. 4. In determining residence of prompt essay questions a company for tax purposes. The court may look behind the veil of the company and its place of registration so as to determine its residence. The test for determining residence is writing for research, normally the place of its central management and control. Usually, this is the place where the board of directors operate.

But it can also be the place of business of the M. D where he holds a controlling interest. MANAGEMENT OF A COMPANY The control and management of a company is distributed among its principal officers and these include the auditors, accountants, Board of college essay Directors, Managing director (if any) and any other officers of a company. College! There are basically two organs responsible for the management of a company. College Prompt Essay Questions! These are: – 1. The Shareholders through company meetings and 2. The Board of Directors. The shareholders and Company Meetings The shareholders have an opportunity of attending college essay influencing the college prompt, company’s management through the company’s meetings. There are 4 types of meetings through which the shareholders can participate in the affairs of a company. Antigone Essay! 1. Statutory Meetings: These are provided for under S130 of the Companies Act which requires every public ltd company to hold such type of meeting within 30 days from the date of commencement of business. The meeting is held once in college prompt the company’s life and never again. The meeting is a must hold for all public companies, private companies are not required to hold this meeting. 2.

Annual General Meeting (S. Serial Killers! 131). Unlike the Statutory Meeting, an AGM is required of all types of companies. Questions! It must be convened by notice of not less than 21 days. This is the most important meeting of the company and concerns a number of issues. Although the companies Act does not exactly indicate the nature of the business transacted at such a meeting, the business invariably includes appointment of auditors, fixing their remuneration, declaration of dividends, consideration of the company’s profit and loss accounts and the balance sheet, consideration of the reports of the directors, auditors and election of new directors or auditors if need arises. The purpose of the annual general meeting is important for the protection of the and creon essay, members because it is the one occasion when they can be sure of having an opportunity of meeting the directors and questioning them on the profit and loss accounts, on college prompt questions, their report and on rubric papers, the company’s position and prospects. It is at this meeting that normally a proposition of the directors will retire, come up for re-election:- and it is at this meeting that the members can exercise their only real power over the board i. e. the college essay questions, power of dismissal by voting them out. Most of these things could of course be done at the extraordinary meeting but the members who want to raise these matters may not be able to insist upon the convening of such meeting, the annual general meeting is valuable to them because the directors must hold it whether they like it or not.

If the company fails to convene such a meeting, there are two consequences that occur:- i. The registrar may himself convene that meeting or order that the meeting be convened and in extreme cases he may further order that any one shareholder present in person or by proxy be deemed to antigone and creon, constitute the meeting. ii. Every director who is in default of convening that meeting as well as the company itself are liable to a default fine not exceeding shs 200/= and every officer of the company who is in default is liable to college prompt essay, a default fine of shs. Attending Essay! 40/= (1981) HCB 60). Within 18 months after incorporation, the company must hold an annual general meeting and then every 12 months thereafter. 3. Extra-Ordinary General Meeting (S 132): This is usually convened by the directors at their discretion ( art 49 table A) to deal with urgent matters which cannot wait till the next annual general meeting. However the directors must hold such meeting irrespective of any contrary provision in the articles if holders of at questions, least 10% of the deprivation, company’s paid up capital or 10% of the members carrying voting rights ask/ requisition for it. They must state the reason why they want such a meeting. If the directors do not convene the meeting within 21 days of the requisition, then the requisitionists may themselves convene the meeting and recover expenses from the company which may in turn recover the same from the defaulting directors. College Essay! 4. Attending Essay! General meeting convened under court orders (S. 135).

It provides that if for any reason it is college prompt essay questions, impracticable to call a meeting of the company in any manner in which meetings of the company may be called, the court may on application of any director or member of the company who would be entitled to essay worksheet, attend and vote at the meeting order a meeting of the company to be called, held and conducted in essay any manner that the court thinks fit, and court may for that matter direct that only one person present at the meeting shall constitute quorum. PROCEDURE, ATTENDANCE AND QUORUM (17. 3. 05) 1. NOTICE OF MEETINGS. s. 133 provides that any meeting of serial paper a company must be called by a notice of a period not shorter than 21 days and any provision in that articles providing for a shorter notice is void and of no effect. The notice may be in writing or it can take any other form like word of mouth, radio or TV announcements, newspapers etc. it must state the exact date time and place where the meeting will take place and what is intended to be discussed at that meeting, if the notice does not indicate the above then it is not a proper notice and if any shareholder is absent from the meeting because his notice had not fully disclosed the agenda, he can seek a court order to declare such a meeting null and void.. However a meeting may be called by a shorter notice than 21 days if all the members entitled to attend and questions vote at writing rubric, the meeting agree to such a shorter notice. 2. College Prompt! QUORUM. This relates to the minimum number of members that must be present at a meeting of the company for it to serial, be a valid meeting.

The company’s articles will normally provide for the required quorum but where they are silent on this, s. 134 (c) of the Act provides for the requisite quorum as 2 members present in case of a private company and in any other case three members personally present. Quorum need not be maintained throughout the meeting though at prompt questions, the beginning it must be there. 3. PROXY A proxy in Company law is a document which authorises somebody to attend a meeting on behalf of a shareholder. S. 136 provides that any member of serial killers a company entitled to attend and vote at a meeting of the company is entitled to appoint another person to attend and vote instead of him of her and any notice calling for a meeting should indicate that that person is entitled to attend by proxy. 4. VOTING. S. 134 provides that every member shall have one vote in respect of each share he has and in case of a company having a share capital and in other cases every member shall have 1 vote. Under S 137, it is stated that either five members entitled to vote or shareholders with at least 10% of the questions, voting rights can demand a vote by poll. OFFICERS AND MEMBERS OF THE COMPANY 1. Board of antigone and creon essay Directors There is no definition of a director whether in the Act or by case law. Nevertheless, S2 of the Act states that a director includes any person occupying the position of prompt questions a director by whatever name called. In most private companies directors are usually share holders and in public companies , there is a requirement that directors must take up qualification shares, which is not the case in private companies unless the articles provide for for research papers it. According to college prompt essay, S 177, a public company must have at least 2 directors.

It’s an offence to have one director. Where a private company has one director, he cannot simultaneously act as the secretary of the company but if they are two directors then one of them can also be the secretary. Under the act, a director is defined as “any person occupying the position of a director by whatever name called” this definition includes a “de jure director. Haven’t found what you want? 12-22 Newhall St, Birmingham B3 3AS, UK [emailprotected] Hi there, would you like to get such a paper?

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