Phillis wheatley thesis statement

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samaria resume Jerusalem Letters of Lasting Interest. THE BEGINNING OF ISRAELI RULE IN JUDEA AND SAMARIA. A Sudden Reassignment / Disbelief on Both Sides / A Local Arab Leadership Arises / Religious Autonomy / The Beginning of the PLO / Educational Autonomy / Autonomy Negotiations in phillis wheatley statement 1968-69 / Was an dissertations Opportunity Missed? / Resettling the Refugees / The Uprising. At the outbreak of the Six-Day War, I was serving as the commander of the phillis thesis district of Jerusalem. On the afternoon of June 7, 1967, I was riding in corporate a half-track on the way to phillis, capture Bethlehem when I received a call on the radio to come back to Jerusalem because the Minister of Defense wanted to see me. I argued that I was in the midst of the campaign, but they repeated the essay kingdom of new spain message and kept insisting. By the time I arrived back at headquarters, Dayan had already left, but the commander of Central Command told me to report to the Ambassador Hotel in East Jerusalem where the new headquarters of the wheatley statement IDF forces occupying Judea and Samaria had been established. I was to spain 1, be chief of staff to Major General Herzog (our present President), who was appointed as the commander of phillis thesis statement IDF forces in the West Bank. In December 1967 I became commander of the West Bank and in 1974 the Coordinator of Government Operations in the administered territories.

That same evening, on June 7th, the rule of essays rich military government by the IDF was proclaimed in wheatley statement Judea and Samaria, a rule now in its 22nd year. Both the Arab population of the area as well as ourselves were surprised by the fact that in 48 hours we had occupied the skin West Bank of Jordan. They were made to believe, at the outbreak of hostilities, that the Jordanian and other Arab forces were in no time going to occupy Israel. Suddenly they were overwhelmed by the IDF defeating the phillis wheatley statement Jordanian army in a matter of dissertations hours. Such was their surprise that the Israeli forces that entered Nablus were welcomed by statement, the population with flowers and with flags because they believed that these were Iraqi forces that had come to support the Jordanians. We too were surprised because we believed and dissertations, hoped that there would be no war with Jordan. Thesis. Messages had been sent to on the kingdom spain volume 1, King Hussein by Prime Minister Eshkol saying that if he would not start shooting, we shall refrain from shooting as well and there would be no war between us. Wheatley. But the starting of ict Jordanian army started the war by occupying the UN headquarters located near Talpiot, and by shelling Jerusalem. The IDF counterattacked and in 48 hours the whole of the West Bank and Jerusalem was under our control. The liberation of East Jerusalem and the Western Wall and all the other holy places was greeted on our side with great rejoicing.

We did not believe that the phillis thesis statement Israeli rule of the territories would last more than a few months following our experience after the Sinai Campaign in literature review 1956 in which by March 1957 we were compelled to phillis, withdraw from the whole of Sinai. Some preparations for a military government in the West Bank, in case of rich war, had been made, but these were minimal because the possibility that the Big Powers would allow the occupation of the West Bank seemed unreal. Therefore we had to thesis statement, start organizing the military government virtually from scratch in order to establish the rule of the IDF, assume the functions of a civil government, maintain law and order, organize and provide public services, look after all the other necessities of the population, restore life to normal, and especially to reconstruct the economy. A Local Arab Leadership Arises. During 21 years of IDF rule in the West Bank, only in those first two years was the local leadership of the Arab population ready to political essay spain, take its own fate in its own hands and wheatley statement, try to negotiate a settlement with Israel. The local leadership, which at that time was comprised mainly of the notables of the leading families, began to send out feelers to us to corporate thesis skin, find out what role they might play in future peace negotiations. In that first month of June 1967, the local Arab population was ready and willing to fully cooperate with the military government in the West Bank and East Jerusalem as well. Phillis. As a result of the IDF occupation, the political essay on the volume West Bank was cut off from Jordan, including the top administration of Islamic religious (Wakf) property and the court of appeals in religious matters, which were all located in phillis wheatley thesis Amman. Some local Moslem religious leaders approached us and requested the establishment, by an ordinance of the Military Government, of a religious court of appeals in Jerusalem as well as a local administration for Moslem religious affairs and property.

This unqualified willingness to cooperate lasted only several weeks. After the Knesset had enacted the act for the reunification of Jerusalem on June 28th and Israeli law had been established in East Jerusalem, the Arab leadership in Jerusalem ceased cooperating and began their first moves at resistance to political spain volume, the Israeli government. This fact had an immediate impact on the attitude of the population in the West Bank which at that time accepted and followed the phillis wheatley thesis statement Jerusalem leaders as their own. In spite of that, some Arab leaders in the West Bank initiated some other political moves. Political Essay Kingdom Of New. At the beginning of July a certain notable from East Jerusalem brought me a petition signed by 200 notables of Jerusalem and wheatley, the West Bank requesting permission to geography coursework, hold a convention to discuss their role in future peace negotiations, but the phillis statement government rejected this request. Probably as a reaction to this refusal, the Jerusalem religious and political leadership began moves toward independent political action against the wishes of both Israel and Jordan. At the end of July 1967 we received a letter signed by 22 leaders, mainly from Jerusalem, telling us that they had decided to establish a Supreme Moslem Council which would take care of all religious and judicial matters and the administration of the essays by adrienne rich Wakf property. A Supreme Moslem Council had been established by the British Administration early in the 1920s and the infamous Grand Mufti of Jerusalem, Haj Amin el Husseini, was appointed president of the phillis thesis statement Council until he fled the country sometime during the disturbances of 1936-39. After the Jordanians had annexed the geography West Bank in wheatley thesis statement 1950, they dissolved the Supreme Moslem Council in Jerusalem. Instead they established in rich Amman a Ministry for Religious Affairs. Phillis Wheatley Statement. This ministry was put in critique dissertations charge of phillis all Arab religious matters in Jordan and in the West Bank formerlymanaged by the Supreme Moslem Council.

In 1967 the 22 local Arab leaders decided to reestablish the Supreme Moslem Council. They informed us, contrary to their earlier request, that foreigners such as ourselves, who were not Moslems (virtually heathens), could not control Moslem religious affairs, though the Jordanian law which prevailed in the West Bank obliged the military government to control and essays, take take of wheatley statement all religious institutions. In addition they decided to establish an Islamic (Shari'a) religious court of appeals in Jerusalem for Jerusalem and the West Bank, and announced that hence they would nominate the justices of this court, as well as of the lower Shari'a courts in Jerusalem and elsewhere in the West Bank. Essays By Adrienne Rich. The justices and other officials were employees of the Jordanian government that paid their salaries. When the Israeli administration offered to pay those salaries, they refused, contending that even salaries could not be accepted from us because we were non-Moslems. What is statement, especially interesting to note is that only a few weeks earlier, in June, they had asked us, as the legitimate government of the starting of ict essay West Bank and East Jerusalem, to exercise our authority according to Jordanian law and to organize and control the same religious affairs. The Supreme Moslem Council, which still exists today, was accepted by the population in those years as the political as well as the religious leadership of Jerusalem and the West Bank. The Council led and inspired the resistance that started against the military occupation of the West Bank and the Israeli authorities in Jerusalem. Strikes started gradually in August-September 1967, and wheatley statement, then built up to a crescendo in 1968 and 1969. There were widespread commercial and dissertations, school strikes as it is today in the intifada, though they were not violent at first. It began more as a kind of civil, non-violent resistance until the beginning of 1968 when it developed into violent demonstrations.

The majority of the phillis statement members of the Supreme Moslem Council were secular, not religious leaders. When they started leading the resistance, we expelled some of them and starting essay, restricted the wheatley movement of others. Geography Coursework Cheats. As a result the Council's overt activities concentrated more on religious matters while their political and other anti-Israeli activities were covert. Since the statement Council had not been established by agreement but rather unilaterally, the military government did not formally or otherwise recognize it. The Council, to the contrary, did recognize the authority of the military government in the West Bank and starting, East Jerusalem and tried to involve it in matters concerning Jerusalem. The Council was consistent in its refusal to statement, recognize the Israeli civilian authorities in Jerusalem and entirely disregarded them, but was willing to deal with the Military Government in matters concerning Jerusalem. The chairman of the Council would periodically notify me of coursework cheats various nominations and appointments and other matters they undertook in Jerusalem and the West Bank. I never replied to the Council's notifications because we refused to recognize the Council. The Council cooperated, to phillis thesis statement, a certain extent and when necessary, with the Jerusalem municipality.

Years later, out of necessity, they recognized the Prime Minister of Israel, but failed to recognize the review Ministries of Interior and Religious Affairs and refused to cooperate with them. The Supreme Moslem Council acted in phillis wheatley religious matters with complete independence. Our policy was not to intervene because we did not want religious matters to become issues of controversy between us. In 1967-68 the PLO was in its infancy and had not yet reached the status that it reached later on. They had started operating in July 1967. Coursework Cheats. A small quantity of exposives was found near the wall of a police station in central Israel. Only later did we discover that this was the thesis statement first terrorist act by the PLO against Israel after the Six-Day War. Later on, by essay on the kingdom of new, the end of 1967 and the beginning of 1968, they started infiltrating in great numbers from Jordan and tried to wheatley, establish bases of operation in the hills of Samaria and Judea. The IDF had quite difficult problems fighting the PLO terrorists and infiltrators at the time.

The activities became much more intensive than they had been in former years. The border along the Jordan River was wide open and corporate skin, men, weapons and explosives were smuggled in phillis statement in great quantities. Only after the Karame operation in March 1968 when a barbed wire fence and essays rich, other obstacles had been constructed and methods of tracking and combat tactics were developed did the situation come under control. We encountered a very difficult time on the borders, mainly on the Jordanian border, because at that time the terrorist operations were supported by the Jordanian army. Our positions as well as our settlements in phillis wheatley thesis statement the Jordan Valley were shelled almost daily by geography cheats, Jordanian artillery for three years until September 1970. We had constant clashes with the Jordanian army and with the PLO terrorists infiltrating into the West Bank and the Jordan Valley, as well as into Israel. Even after we had established the fence along the Jordan River and installed other devices which made infiltration much more difficult, infiltrators kept coming and we had encounters with them in the West Bank and sometimes in Israel proper. Infiltration stopped almost entirely and wheatley, terrorist activities decreased substantially after the Jordanian army expelled the PLO gangs from Jordan in September 1970. In September 1967 the resistance of the local Arab population came into focus with the start of the school year.

Arab schools did not open because at the time the Israeli Ministry of Education decided that the Jordanian curriculum in West Bank schools was to be replaced by essays by adrienne, the Israeli Arabic curriculum. The local population were afraid, and phillis thesis statement, I believe with good reason from their point of view, that we were going to intervene with their education, to be followed by corporate thesis, intervention in phillis wheatley their Arab culture, social and starting of ict, religious life. Therefore they vehemently opposed this move and started a strike which included all schools and phillis statement, part of commerce. The strike went on for three months. After long negotiations and internal discussions in Israel it was decided to restore the Jordanian curriculum. A committee comprised of local Arab educators was established, which virtually runs the essays rich education system to phillis statement, this day. Only anti-Israel textbooks or passages in such books were removed. Following these changes they stopped the political essay on the of new spain volume 1 strike and phillis, the schools were opened. Though the military government maintained a department of education headed by an Israeli officer, there were only four Israeli officials in the whole establishment of the military government who were assigned to supervise education. All the rest, teachers and administrative staff, were local Arabs.

To the present day they run the whole system, and dissertations, they do it according to the curriculum, programs, books and examinations announced by the Jordanian Ministry of Education. Though we provide the money to pay the salaries of the 8,000 local teachers, construct and furnish schools, print books, etc., education is another field in which the Arabs are virtually completely independent. Under the phillis wheatley military government six universities were opened (before 1967 there were none) which run their academic affairs without any Israeli intervention. Autonomy Negotiations in 1968. In those first months after the war, it was, strangely enough, the leadership of Nablus who were the of ict essay first to approach us and ask what they could do in order to begin negotiations between Israel and wheatley, King Hussein of Jordan. They offered to act as mediators. They declared their wish to be returned to Jordan, even though they had suffered heavily under Jordanian rule. Corporate Skin. As all know, Jordan dealt very harshly with them because of their frequent uprisings against King Hussein in phillis statement the West Bank in the 1950s and early 1960s. Those uprisings had endangered Hussein's regime, his rule and his crown, and the Jordanians subdued them with brutal force.

The Nablus leaders' offer to essays by adrienne, mediate was not accepted, but they returned sometime later, together with leaders from Ramallah and later on from Bethlehem and Jerusalem, and suggested the establishment of phillis wheatley thesis a local autonomy to run their own affairs, which would eventually develop into a form of political kingdom spain 1 self-rule for the Palestinian Arabs in the West Bank. Thus the idea of autonomy had been conceived and negotiations started. The Israeli government considered that it might be to our advantage to start negotiations with the local leadership, thereby signalling to Jordan that there was an alternative partner if Jordan did not hurry to statement, begin peace negotiations with Israel. Agreeing to a certain degree of autonomy conformed with Israeli government policy to geography, not interfere in the internal affairs of the local Arab population and to phillis, let them run their own lives the way they chose. At first the Arabs proposed that there be a withdrawal of the IDF from the West Bank and that they would undertake responsibility for assuring that Jordanian forces would not cross the river into the West Bank. Autonomy would then be established and developed. Finally the territories would either be returned to Jordan under a peace agreement or would become a separate entity. Later on when they realized that whatever the result of the negotiations there would be no Israeli withdrawal, they expressed readiness to accept autonomy under Israeli rule. In such an autonomy they would manage all internal affairs except security and thesis, external affairs.

The negotiations had their ups and downs and dragged on for many months during 1968. Moshe Sasson, at the time advisor to the Prime Minister, conducted the statement negotiations on behalf of the Israeli government. Eventually a point was reached when a group of Arab leaders convened in Ramallah to political essay on the kingdom volume, answer certain questions that were put to them by wheatley, the Minister of Defense, Moshe Dayan, on behalf of the critique dissertations government of Israel. Phillis Wheatley. Their answers were affirmative: they were ready to accept autonomy under Israeli rule; there would be a peace agreement; the IDF would not withdraw from the West Bank; they would be ready to participate in a solution of the refugee problem. Then there was the problem of Jerusalem. They proposed that Jerusalem come under a kind of condominium of dual sovereignty -- Israeli sovereignty and Arab sovereignty -- provided that Jerusalem would remain united. Further, to avoid the sensitive problem of Jerusalem, it was suggested that instead of having a single administration for the whole area of the West Bank, a separate canton for Samaria and a separate one for Judea would be established. (In January 1968 Israel officially changed the name of the West Bank to geography coursework, Judea and Samaria.) This solution would allow the question of wheatley thesis statement Jerusalem to remain open without obstructing the autonomy. At a certain stage the leaders from Nablus stopped participating in the negotiations, and only the leaders from by adrienne Ramallah and phillis wheatley thesis statement, Bethlehem continued. On the other hand, leaders from coursework cheats Hebron, who had not participated in the negotiations previously, came to join in the talks. Phillis Thesis Statement. The negotiations continued with all those leaders and starting essay, focused on establishing either autonomy for the whole area or at first in phillis thesis statement the Ramallah-Bethlehem-Hebron areas (Judea) and later on in Bethlehem-Hebron only. By July 1968, agreement had almost been reached on the establishment of autonomy in the area of Bethlehem and Hebron and details were already discussed.

Though these negotiations were being held in secret, they could not be kept secret for long from the government of Jordan. One day in July 1968 the Prime Minister of Jordan went on dissertation outline literature review, radio in Amman, revealed the whole story and warned and threatened all the leaders on the West Bank to stop. After the exposure the local leaders broke off negotiations for several months, and wheatley thesis statement, resumed them again only in essays by adrienne rich 1969. In 1969 the Hebronites initiated negotiations for establishing another form of autonomy by extending the administrative powers of the Arab mayors to become similar to those of local governors under Jordanian law. These negotiations again went on phillis wheatley thesis statement, for some time and then they too stopped because both the corporate skin local leadership and the government of Israel became quite hesitant regarding their continuation. Two years of phillis wheatley thesis statement Israeli rule had already passed, law and order were by essays, and large maintained, the economy expanded, unemployment disappeared, and the population's cooperation with the Military Government increased. Some people in Israel began to believe that this situation could continue for many years to come in a fairly quiet way. Eventually it did, for over twenty years, until recently. Those early negotiations were accompanied by constant doubts as to their chance to succeed. Thesis. We often felt that the leaders were not serious enough and their ability to conclude and implement an agreement was very limited, in view of Jordanian and later PLO objections. These doubts deepened under the laborious stages of the negotiations.

Only in July 1968 were there some grounds to the belief that the efforts were not in vain and that something might materialize. After that initiative had collapsed we became quite sceptical about future prospects to strike a deal. However, whenever a chance to geography coursework, resume negotiations arise, we willingly joined. Notwithstanding the negative results, it is important to understand that at that time there was a genuine readiness on phillis thesis statement, behalf of the West Bank leadership of the day to take the risk and negotiate with Israel in defiance of Jordan and the PLO. Since then, hardly a West Bank or Gaza leader has dared to resume the initiative. Later, whenever the question arose, the same leaders and others pointed to Jordan and the PLO as the only parties to skin, such negotiations. It is important to emphasize that the phillis statement national unity government of Israel at that time was ready to essays by adrienne rich, negotiate with the local leadership.

In the years 1968-69 all the parties that formed the wheatley thesis statement government seemed to corporate thesis, be ready to negotiate territory for peace with King Hussein. Wheatley Statement. But he did not come. After the Arab summit in by adrienne Khartoum, he could not come even if he wanted to. Later in the early 1970s the wheatley local leadership used to say that they had learned their lesson from the liberal Israeli rule and when the time came to return to Jordan they would return on their own terms. When Hussein in March 1972 announced his plans for a confederation with the West Bank, this was considered as recognition on his part that the cheats pre-1967 relationship with the West Bank would have to undergo a change and that a new deal would have to be concluded with the Palestinians of the West Bank. Some additional contacts took place in the early 1970s, but they were not of such intensity or form as the earlier negotiations. Practically speaking, from 1970 until December 1987, the Arab population of Judea, Samaria and Gaza never dared to try again to resume or respond to an initiative on their own. At first it was Jordan who quashed any sign of independent action. Then there was the upsurge of the PLO, mainly after the Yom Kippur War, when the phillis wheatley thesis Arab states recognized that organization's claim to be the sole representative of the Palestinian cause and people. The result was that the more than one million Palestinian Arabs living in skin Judea, Samaria and phillis wheatley statement, Gaza could no longer dare or try to express freely their positions and wishes.

Whenever a leader was skuspected by by adrienne, the PLO of acting independently, he would be threatened and sometimes murdered. We have asked ourselves all these years if we really missed an opportunity in phillis wheatley thesis statement those first years after the Six-Day War to reach a settlement. I recall that when I received the reports of these negotiations, I doubted that they might really achieve serious results such as the establishment of autonomy or some other agreement that would lead to a viable solution since there was always hesitation on both sides. But mainly it was the West Bank leaders who were the ones who hesitated and withdrew even when there were good prospects to succeed. In July 1968 and later on in 1969 we were quite close to an agreement but they backed out, not we. Therefore, I do not believe that this really can be considered as a lost opportunity. Until the Yom Kippur War both sides believed that Israel would continue to essay on the of new spain 1, rule the territories, not only the West Bank and Gaza but Sinai as well, for thesis statement a very long time. After the 1973 war various Israeli governments tried to take the initiative and formulate a policy.

The trouble was and still exists that we could not agree among ourselves which way we should go. Will it be a territorial compromise or a certain form of autonomy annexation or keeping the situation as it is or something else? As long as we cannot agree among ourselves, there is no plan that may reflect the national consensus and may become a starter for dissertation outline review serious negotiations. Time and phillis wheatley thesis, again people have asked why the refugee problem was not handled separately. Critique. In the first place, this happened because since 1948 all the phillis wheatley thesis Arab states, and the PLO later on, wanted the refugee problem to be kept alive and considered as a political problem, not as a refugee problem. The solution would come through the right of the starting of ict essay refugees to return to their homes in Jaffa, Haifa and the rest of Israel. Israel had prepared some programs to solve the problem of refugees living in the camps. After the 1967 war we found in Judea and Samaria about 120,000 refugees out of statement a population of 800,000, as opposed to Gaza where out of 400,000, more than half of the population were refugees. The refugees, except for several thousand, had refused to leave the refugee camps since according to UNRWA rules whoever left the camps lost his refugee status. We did not think it proper to compel them to leave the camps against their will though the geography cheats alternatives we offered could improve their situation considerably. Facing this situation we tried to improve conditions as far as possible in the camps themselves, which we found in phillis wheatley thesis 1967 in a most deplorable condition.

However, these improvements could not be very effective since UNRWA objected to plans which might have changed the camps' structure. In December 1987 the Arab population of the West Bank and Gaza made a move of their own to try to take their fate in their own hands. On December 9th they launched the disturbances that gradually developed into corporate, an uprising. The PLO jumped on the bandwagon, but they did not lead the events, which are led by new, sporadic, local leadership. They decide what to do and when to do it.

They still adhere to the PLO and its directives but they might, when a conflict of interests should arise, act differently in their own way and make their own decisions. For the first time they have learned that they are in wheatley a position where they can, if they wish, form their own policies and even dictate them to the PLO. In the midst of stones and molotov cocktails a new leadership is growing. There is no reason to expect that it will be moderate. If this leadership becomes strong enough to follow its own interests, then some schism may arise between it and the PLO.

They may understand in the long run that nothing practical can be achieved through stones and molotov cocktails, and may try to geography cheats, find other ways, which include negotiating on their own with Israel. One of the difficult problems facing the local leadership who may turn to wheatley thesis, negotiate with us is that they will be labelled as stooges of Israel, with tragic results. We had experienced this in the 1980s when the Military Government at the time tried to encourage the Village Leagues. Dissertation Outline. In a situation where the population is hostile, on the one hand, and threatened by the PLO, on the other, it was a sheer dream to believe that Israel could succeed in developing an alternative leadership. True local leadership has to wheatley thesis statement, grow and rise naturally from the people and by thesis, the people. This cannot be achieved as long as the PLO or Jordan will try to crush any sign of independent leadership. This experiment in independent behavior has started the uprising, but in the future in may culminate in some kind of negotiation.

Then we shall see if they have matured to follow their own best interests and phillis thesis, not be led by the interests of the other parties including the external PLO. They too know very well that there are differences between their own public and personal interests and those of Arafat's PLO, despite their repeated declarations that they are all PLO and that the PLO is their sole representative. We have already observed occasions in which they disregarded instructions that had come from abroad. Major General Rephael Vardi was the principal figure in the government of Judea, Samaria and Gaza in the decade after the 1967 war. He has been part of the Jerusalem Center's project on reaching a solution for outline review the future of Judea, Samaria and Gaza.

This Viewpoints is based on his presentation at the Jerusalem Center Fellows Forum.

Part 2 of Shirata’s Essay: CONCERNING AIKIDO. Due to the esoteric terms, analogies, and metaphors that Ueshiba Morihei commonly used in his lectures, many, if not most, of the individuals present at his lectures stated that they could not understand what it was he was talking about. These statements were so ubiquitous, that it became commonly assumed, or common “knowledge,” that nobody could understand Ueshiba Morihei’s lectures. Shirata Rinjiro was a pioneer in statement, the early days of Aikido. He taught in Ueshiba Morihei’s place at Omoto’s paramilitary branch, the Budo Senyokai. He taught in Ueshiba’s Osaka dojo, and at the Asahi Dojo in Osaka.

Shirata was around for the publishing of Aiki Jujujutsu Densho, which later was renamed Budo Renshu. Starting Of Ict! And, he also took ukemi for Ueshiba in the 1935 film Budo. Wheatley Thesis! Before being called up to become the Commander of a Division in the war, Shirata was tapped by Ueshiba to become a ‘Professor of Aikido’ at starting, the University in Manchukuo. (Tomiki Kenji went to Manjukuo instead.) After the war, he was repatriated to Japan. And in wheatley thesis statement, time, he was eventually called back into corporate thesis, Aikido service by his teacher Ueshiba Morihei. Ueshiba asked him to wheatley thesis statement look after, and support, his son Kisshomaru. So, he became head of the corporate thesis skin, Tohoku region, head of Yamagata prefecture, and President of the phillis, International Aikido Federation, for a time. Unlike Tomiki, Mochitsuki, and Shioda senseis, Shirata chose not to distance himself from, and continued to work in support of, his teacher Ueshiba Morihei and the Ueshiba family throughout his life. The continuation of Shirata Rinjiro’s essay translated from: Misogi ©1992 Yamagata Ken Aikido Renmaei and essays rich, T ohoku Aikido Renmei. A person who correctly spreads and maintains the whole of aikido is a model instructor.

Not only phillis wheatley thesis statement are the personal views of imitators useless to him, but imitators and personal views are sacrilege to those who adore aikido. Do not expound superficial simplistic methods, instead explain the founder of aikido in an earnest straightforward way, keeping the corporate thesis, training of those who adore aikido and the awareness of the model instructor in mind. The founder said, “It is fine if you do not understand what I say. Your guardian deity understands perfectly and accepts it with great pleasure. Wheatley Thesis! Eventually, you will understand.” The founder said, “In ancient times there were martial artists who used the word aiki, but the aikido that I advocate and what the practitioners of ancient martial arts call aiki are completely different.” Aiki is not the art of fighting with an political essay on the volume 1, opponent or defeating an thesis statement, enemy.

It is a way to unify the world and make human beings a single family. The essence of aikido is to harmonize oneself with the movement of the universe, one has the experience of unifying oneself with the universe itself. Someone who comprehends the essence of aikido has the universe within them and can say with confidence, “I am the thesis, Universe.” For me, this lead to a comprehension of the martial. However quickly and skillfully an opponent attacks, I am not defeated. That is not because my technique is faster than my opponent’s technique.

I say it is not a question of fast or slow. From the beginning I am victorious because the wheatley thesis, opponent who has decided to fight with me, the universe itself (self in thesis skin, unity with the universe), decides to violate the harmony of the universe. That is, the phillis wheatley thesis, moment a feeling of fighting against me arises, the enemy is already defeated. At that point length of time, whether fast or slow, doesn’t exist at all. Aikido is the principle of non-resistance. Because it is non-resistant, it is victorious from the start. A person who has malicious intent is already defeated. (Takemusu Aiki, Chapter 12, from the dissertation outline literature review, first page)

This section reads rather like propaganda in support of shihan “model teachers” doesn’t it? However, if one reads between the lines, it is in actuality a criticism of modern shihan, a laying out of phillis thesis, what a true shihan would be, and an admonition to literature review humbly study the wheatley thesis, words of the Ueshiba Morihei. Shirata starts this paragraph with a qualifier: “A person who correctly spreads and maintains the whole of aikido is a model instructor. ” This sentence put in another way reads like this: Any person who does NOT spread and maintain the essays by adrienne rich, WHOLE of aikido is NOT a model instructor . Thesis! To Shirata, a model instructor avoids “personal views” and “imitators.” Here we must understand that since Aiki follows universal laws “personal views” are of of ict essay, little importance, or influence, on the “Way” of Aiki. As an analogy, my personal “view” of what gravity is, or isn’t, does not influence the wheatley thesis statement, law of gravity. The law of gravity simply “is.” The idea of “Imitators” run along the same lines. Either one, understands and complies to the law or “Way” of Aiki, or one does not. If one does not, obviously imitation is not a substitute for accomplishment. Again, as in dissertation outline literature, the previous analogy concerning gravity, if one recognizes and conforms to phillis thesis statement the law of gravity, one can use that knowledge of the law to accomplish great things. If one does not understand and on the, therefore cannot conform to the law of gravity, it better to learn about the law than to “imitate” the great accomplishments of those that do. “Do not expound superficial simplistic methods, instead explain the founder of thesis statement, aikido in of ict essay, an earnest straightforward way, keeping the training of those who adore aikido and wheatley thesis statement, the awareness of the model instructor in mind.”

Presumably Shirata is rich, attempting to “explain the founder of aikido in an earnest straightforward way, in this essay. Consequently, for Shirata, the training of the model instructor who adores aikido is phillis thesis, none other than Ueshiba Morihei. Shirata then quote’s his model instructor: “The founder said, “It is fine if you do not understand what I say. Of Ict! Your guardian deity understands perfectly and statement, accepts it with great pleasure. Eventually, you will understand.”

This may sound a little far-fetched, but to Ueshiba, who was educated in a Shingon Temple, it would make perfect sense. In Shingon Buddhism, everyone is starting, understood to phillis thesis have “boddhicitta.” That is the potential for, or “seed” of, enlightenment within. This being so, regardless of one’s past or present circumstances, and no matter how long it takes, one will eventually be enlightened. So, to Ueshiba’s mind, since Aikido follows universal laws, and essay kingdom of new spain volume 1, since we are part of the universe, and therefore are also subject to, and participate in the laws of the Universe, we all carry within us the potential to understand aikido. In a brief aside, let us look one again at boddhicitta.

One might reasonably ask, “How is thesis, it that Shingon Buddhism assumes that everyone has boddhicitta, or the potential for enlightenment?” Interestingly, this assertion is based upon the nature of thesis, Yin/Yang relationships. If there is enlightenment, then, by definition, there must be un-enlightenment, the state from wheatley thesis, which one becomes “enlightened.” If there is the corporate thesis skin, potential for statement, un-enlightenment within individuals, (and it only dissertations takes a cursory look at the world around us to phillis wheatley statement conclude that un-enlightenment does exist, at least conditionally), then there must also be the potential for enlightenment within individuals. “The founder said, “In ancient times there were martial artists who used the coursework cheats, word aiki, but the aikido that I advocate and what the practitioners of wheatley thesis, ancient martial arts call aiki are completely different.” Here, Ueshiba differentiates the Way of Aiki that he advocates from earlier references to essays aiki, since they are different both in phillis wheatley thesis, purpose and principal. I would argue that Ueshiba is not thinking about the Aiki he learned in spain, Daito Ryu while making this statement, but rather is referring to far earlier usages of the term Aiki. After all, one need only observe the dojo kun of most Daito Ryu schools to recognize that they share similar principles and values. Daito-ryu Aikibudo Shugyo-kun. The training rules at Tokimune Takeda’s Daitokan dojo: 1. The Dojo is a place of the spirit, we begin with courtesy (rei) and end with courtesy. 2. The Way becomes profound, single-mindedly condition and train yourself – never give up.

3. Pride is the beginning of inattention, and the origin of destruction. 4. Always be serious, sincerity is first. 5. The ultimate level of the Way is Harmony, that is the thesis statement, goal of this Ryu. “The essential principles of essay, Daito-ryu are Love and Harmony” “The goal of spreading Daito-ryu is ‘Harmony and wheatley thesis statement, Love’, keeping this spirit is what preserves and realizes social justice. Corporate Thesis Skin! This was Sokaku Sensei’s dying wish” Tokimune Takeda, Soke of Daito-ryu Aiki-Budo. son of Daito-ryu Chuku-no-so Sokaku Takeda. “Aiki Budo is the Way of Human Development”

Aiki is the fitting together of Ki. Through this harmonious reconciliation all things under heaven and earth in the universe move peacefully without disturbance. This harmonization is Aiki. As the Ki of Aiki is natural it unifies and reconciles without the slightest ill feeling or resistance. The harmonious reconciliation that is Aiki must be the basis for the formation of human society. This is the Great Circle of Harmony (Daienwa) of phillis wheatley statement, Aiki. Through the principles of Aiki pacify and reconcile those threatening violence. Also when the enemy has already attacked, likewise transform and change according to the attack of the enemy through the principles of fitting together Ki and achieve reconciliation. Enlightened people have received this transmission from the Founder, Shinra Saburo Minamoto Yoshimitsu, and must train devoutly in the basics of corporate thesis, Aiki no Jutsu as well as Taijutsu (Yawara), Tachi no Jutsu, Sojutsu, and Bojutsu to thesis attain the state where Aiki Budo is the Way of Human Development.

(For more information on this topic please refer to Chris Li’s blog at AikidoSangen Kai ) Shirata then again quotes Ueshiba to critique explain and wheatley thesis statement, differentiate Aikido from the “Aiki of the past.” “Aiki is not the art of fighting with an literature, opponent or defeating an enemy. It is a way to statement unify the world and make human beings a single family.” This defines Aikido as different from “the Aiki of the past” in that, “the Aiki of the past” had the sole purpose of by adrienne, victory through the defeat of others. In other words, it followed the principal of: “Victory Through Defeat of phillis, Another” or “Victory through Resistance.” “The essence of aikido is to harmonize oneself with the movement of the universe, one has the experience of unifying oneself with the universe itself.”

Here Ueshiba defines the essence of Aikido, NOT as: a collection of techniques a strategy a knowledge, and taking advantage, of Anatomical and Neurological weaknesses or reactions a philosophy or religion a martial art. “The essence of Aikido is to harmonize oneself with the movement of the universe .” So, here we are talking about universal forces* (not individuals, or even groups of individuals), and harmonizing one’s self (not resisting or avoiding) with these universal forces, both mentally and physically, within oneself. “one has the essays rich, experience of wheatley thesis statement, uniting oneself with the universe itself.” This, because one has “harmonized” one’s mind and body with the universal movements (forces) in one’s self. “Someone who comprehends the essence of aikido has the universe within them and can say with confidence, “I am the Universe.”” One’s level of understanding the essence of aikido will be demonstrated by the outward symptoms and abilities reflecting the degree to which one has harmonized with the of ict, “movement (forces) of the universe” within one’s self.

If one can do as much, one can confidently report that they ARE the Universe. One recognizes the inseparability of self and universe. “For me, this lead to a comprehension of the wheatley statement, martial.” Here “the martial” is a translation of the Japanese “bu” as in “budo” or “bujutsu.” It could be translated as “war” but the English nuances associated with the term “war” are not the same as those associated with the term “bu.” Since the term “bu” is dissertations, now common in the West. Perhaps one can understand this utterance as, “For me, this lead to the comprehension of budo, or bujutsu.”

“However quickly and skillfully an opponent attacks, I am not defeated. That is not because my technique is faster than my opponent’s technique. I say it is not a question of fast or slow.” Here again, in phillis wheatley thesis statement, the instances of Aiki 1, Aiki 2, and especially Aiki 3, the nature of the Aiki itself renders timing superfluous to the outcome. This is because Aiki 1, Aiki 2, and Aiki 3 are non-resistant, (in a very particular way.) “From the beginning I am victorious because the opponent who has decided to fight with me, the universe itself (self in unity with the universe), decides to violate the harmony of the political essay on the kingdom 1, universe.”

Before there is phillis thesis, contact, before there is even the appearance of a fight, one in “unity with the universe,” having balanced opposing forces in of ict essay, the manner known as Aiki, is victorious. One is victorious because “True Victory is thesis statement, Self-Victory.” Self-victory being bringing one’s self into harmony with the movement of the universe, and true victory being the Universe itself. Once one decides to violate the harmony of the universe (by not engaging in self victory and uniting with the universe) one is doomed to failure. As a being of the universe, it does not do well to try to defeat the corporate, universe. After all, even if one succeeded, one would cease to be! That is, the moment a feeling of fighting against me arises, the enemy is already defeated. At that point length of wheatley thesis, time, whether fast or slow, doesn’t exist at all.” There is a counter point to starting of ict essay the above statement that may be more pertinent and hopeful for us all. The moment a feeling of NOT FIGHTING against the universe arises, one already begins to enjoy the benefits of statement, True Victory due to Self-Victory.

At that point as well, “length of time, whether fast or slow, doesn’t exist at all.” This is Katsu (victory) Haya (fast) Bi (sun). Or, victory fast as light. “The time is always right to do what is right.” Martin Luther King Jr. Aikido is the principle of non-resistance. Because it is non-resistant, it is victorious from the start. A person who has malicious intent is already defeated.” (Takemusu Aiki, Chapter 12, from the first page) Previously we learned the essence of Aikido: “The essence of Aikido is uniting one’s self with the movement of the Universe.”

And now we learn what Aikido is: “Aikido is the principle of thesis, nonresistance.” How to unite one’s self with the movement of the universe, and statement, the principle of nonresistance are all described in Aiki 1, Aiki 2, and Aiki 3. As described above, one who is non-resistant, via Unification with the movement of the rich, universe in the manner of Aiki 1,2,3, is victorious from the wheatley, start. And a one out of accord with the Universe (due to malicious intent) is already defeated.

In this segment of Shirata’s essay, we see again the tying together of the micro cosmic (immediate physical reality) with the macro cosmic (universal implication.) Noting this repeating pattern will be useful in understanding the rest of the essay. It will also clarify what Ueshiba taught Aikido is, and how he taught it over time. *movement is the result of an applied force. Next week we come to one of my favorite parts of the essay. Here Shirata sensei lays out Aikido in a linear progression that turns out to be a circle after all. It is very direct, and each section is probably worthy of a blog in and of itself! Like most good writing, Shirata’s essay builds itself up to a climax and then resolves itself in the end. There is dissertation outline, much more Aiki goodness coming up!! Allen Dean Beebe. 4 thoughts on “ Part 2 of phillis, Shirata’s Essay: CONCERNING AIKIDO ” Fantastic stuff Allen, thank you so much for going into such depth and providing the diagrams!

This blog is turning into another wonderful resource for those of us seeking to by adrienne rich really study this method. Thank you so much, Allen, for making these materials available. One of the regrets of my nearly 40 years of Aikido training is not having had the opportunity to phillis thesis statement meet Shirata Sensei. Having belatedly discovered your blog, I am working on “catching up” with your offerings. Geography Cheats! The material is so rich in explanation and meaning. It is humbling to my training and understanding. Thank you for really helping to light a fire under me, moving me to re-double my efforts to understand Aiki. The comment on shihan teachers I understand too well from personal experience within the aikikai. The comparison to phillis thesis gravity is a very good one. I am away from training many years but have enjoyed this work.

Thank you for all you time and effort.

10 Online Tools for Kids to Improve Writing Skills. Children’s creativity is endless. Little ones are able to imagine things that go beyond expectations. If kids engage in writing from an early age, they will be able to wheatley thesis statement, expand their creative potential. Children have a natural tendency to notice and observe the world around them; writing is a fun way for kids to express themselves and essays build skills at the same time! Needless to say, it won’t be easy to teach a young one to write. It will take more than providing a piece of phillis wheatley thesis paper and a pencil, and leaving everything else to natural tendencies. This skill requires a lot of practice to be developed, so it would be best to start as early as possible. The following tools will help you make writing easier for your child.

This online tool covers the basics of the essay on the kingdom of new essay writing process by showing children what each of the five paragraphs should to contain. Once your child makes enough progress, they can continue practicing with the phillis Writing Worksheets that the essays by adrienne site provides. There are five fun essay writing activities provided for free: Rules of Writing an Essay, Essay on Twin Towers Devastation, Autobiography of My Favorite Thing, Picture Writing, and phillis wheatley Essay on critique Mom. This website provides fun resources that teach young children how to write and understand written content. Wheatley Thesis! The lessons are taught through short cartoons and essay on the of new volume 1 interactive exercises. The writing section offers a great base of tasks that will test your child’s ability to write understandable content. Interactive activities are an important part of the learning process. This website provides effective exercises for statement, grades K-12.

Preschool age children can also benefit from this tool using their Story Map and Learning About Language games. This is an awesome website dedicated to the art of writing. Coursework Cheats! It offers resources on fiction, poetry, nonfiction, art, and photography. In addition, Teen Ink provides summer programs and camps for teenagers. The essays featured on the website provide inspiration for learners who want to improve their writing skills.

EssayMama offers great tips and guides on thesis statement writing, as well as fun articles that inspire children to express their own thoughts in written form. This isn#8217;t the most visually stunning website, but that doesn’t make it any less useful for corporate skin, parents and instructors. A list of links guides you to online resources that will be useful at any stage of the learning process. Thesis! You can explore the of ict essay basic steps of research, character development, the 5-paragraph essay, picture book projects, the 3-step creative writing process, and much more. You will also find awesome games that teach writing through fun activities. This is a mandatory website for parents and educators who want to teach writing effectively. You will find links to resources organized in seven categories: Writing Skills, Writing Sentences, Writing Paragraphs, Writing Essays, Writing Mechanics, Standardized Testing Writing, and Teaching Writing. Some of the most useful tools this website provides are the phillis wheatley graphic organizers and fun exercises for each category. This website provides a collection of simple essays, short paragraphs, project works, poems, and speeches for starting of ict essay, children.

You will find great essay topics for kids ages 6-10. Try assigning some of these topics on a regular basis and you’ll see how your child makes step-by-step progress. Each sample comes with an assigned target age group, so you won’t confuse your learner with content that’s too complicated for them to phillis thesis statement, understand. Good sample essays for political essay kingdom 1, young children are not easy to locate. This website is a great source of phillis wheatley statement content in four categories: narrative, persuasive, expository, and descriptive essays.

Start with the featured essays, then dig deeper to find inspiration on essays different topics. When your child starts writing more, encourage them to take part in wheatley thesis statement the site#8217;s weekly essay contest. Winners are published in literature review the mini essays section. As your child makes progress in the art of essay writing, it might be difficult for thesis statement, them to limit the of ict thoughts that they put on phillis wheatley statement paper in a clean sentence. You might notice that their expressions are becoming confusing; that’s completely natural for young learners.

Hemingway Editor is a great tool you can use in essay such situations. It analyzes the sentence and provides a readability score. In addition, you will see all confusing sentences highlighted in yellow and red. When you don’t know where to start with the editing stage, this tool will provide effective guidance. Hi Julie, I also wanted to add WriteWell to this list http://www.writewellapp.com.

It is tool that is growing in popularity with the homeschool segment. Child Development Books Our recommendations for books on child development for parents. Total Focus Program A cognitive behavioral therapy multi-media program to phillis statement, help ADHD kids focus and behave. The information on this website is solely for informational purposes. IT IS NOT INTENDED TO PROVIDE MEDICAL ADVICE. Neither Child Development Institute, LLC nor Dr. Myers nor any of the editors, columnists or authors take responsibility for any possible consequences from any action taken which results from reading or following the information contained in this information. The publication of this information does not constitute the practice of outline literature medicine or psychology, and this information does not replace the phillis thesis statement advice of your physician or mental health care provider.

Before undertaking any course of treatment, the reader must seek the advice of their physician or other health care provider. Dissertation Literature! See additional information. Copyright 1999-2015 Child Development Institute, LLC - All Rights Reserved.

essay gcse english How to write your best essay ever! English biz has separate guides for each of the types of statement, writing you'll meet on your course but this particular guide is probably the most important of them all. It will show you how to construct an effective, well-structured argument-based essay. How do you feel when you're given an essay to write? Do you fill with f-f-fear? W-w-wobble with worry? P-p-pour with perspiration? Well, here's a way that make the whole process more satisfying and enjoyable!

Okay, he's off his rocker (but we won't worry as he's not real!). Dissertation Review! He's yet to discover that writing an essay is never going to be an easy task, even for the best writers. Phillis Thesis! But you're about to find out how it can be made much more straightforward , interesting and effective . Oh, and likely to gain you a significantly higher grade, too! So that's something to feel, well. just a little bit excited about! It's important to essays by adrienne rich understand one thing before we start: unlike a maths or science question, an English essay question has no single 'correct' answer. You can breathe easy on that one. It's just not like that. In an English essay there is no one 'answer' and wheatley thesis, nothing to essay 'prove'. That isn't to say there aren't wrong answers - there are. Wheatley Thesis Statement! These are those based on 'mis-readings' of your texts. Corporate! But what your teacher or examiner wants is thesis statement a reasonable, informed, explained and dissertations, well-supported view . In a nutshell, that's it.

An essay requires this from you: a succinct opening in which you give an overview of your response to the essay question. This is a kind of thesis statement, 'super-condensed' response that sums up your whole response in a line or two. you can add to the opening sentences, a very brief explanation of wh at aspects of the text brought you to this view . If you can give, say, four - six aspects, then you are setting out the corporate thesis skin coming structure of your essay . There is no better way to begin an essay than like this. From this point on you will never be left scratching your head wondering what to write next. the remainder of the essay is wheatley merely a series of PEE paragraphs that, point by starting point, argue the wheatley thesis case for what you have just stated. Each point (P) needs its own paragraph and to have support (E) from the text (either a quotation, or an explanation of some aspect of form or structure ) along with with an explanation (E) of how the text brought you to such a view, the effects it created, the methods the geography cheats author used to create the effects and, finally, its relevance to the text, that is, the author's purposes . That's it. Done and dusted! More detail below if needed. The secret of phillis thesis, a good essay?

Make it an argument ! An effective essay is a piece of writing that makes a strong and well-supported case for a stated viewpoint . The view it makes the essays rich case for is your response to the essay title or question . You'll have arrived at after a couple of readings of the text, more if a poem, and one of wheatley thesis, which will be a so-called 'close-reading' when you annotate the text carefully in line with whatever the essay question asks, seeking out support as quotations or explanations of useful effects created by form and starting of ict, structure . So your essay starts with a clear statement of your opinion . Wheatley Thesis Statement! It could be something like, as an example: 'Shakespeare's theme of violence in Romeo and essays rich, Juliet is shown especially effectively through the opening scene, as well as through the characters of Mercutio and Tybalt and wheatley thesis, an analysis of these three dramatic aspects will form the basis of this essay.' The opening overview is sometimes called a thesis statement . Dissertation! The 'thesis' is phillis wheatley statement your response, i.e. the heart of cheats, your 'argument'. Phillis Wheatley Thesis! It's what the starting of ict essay goes on to explain and phillis, support to show that it is rich a view that is well - considered, based on the text and reasonable to wheatley statement hold . Essays are about opinions, not facts. This point is coursework crucial to take on board. There is never a straightforward right answer to thesis statement an essay q uestion or title. Corporate Thesis Skin! There are wrong answers, of course - caused through, for statement, example, misinterpreting the text; but the 'answer' to an essay question will always be a point of view . Essays deal in opinions, not facts . This is why your teacher is looking to read your views and why you have come to kingdom spain think in this particular way. How do you arrive at a 'thesis' or overview? This is the tough part - there's no getting away from wheatley thesis statement that. Not least, this is because it puts to starting of ict essay the test your knowledge of the text and your understanding of the wheatley thesis essay title or question . The good news is that when it's done and done well, the remainder of the essay becomes much more straightforward and far more interesting to write, perhaps even a little exciting! The Outline Structure for an Effective Essay.

As already stated above, this first paragraph needs to open with a clearly stated summary of your whole 'answer' along with an equally brief summary of the aspects of the text you'll be analysing to show your stated view is sound . It is these early sentences that provide the major 'signposts' that give your essay and its general direction. Importantly, you need to set a confident tone early on in the essay. This can be done by adding in a very few details to geography cheats show you've grasped the text's big picture . This should be a brief comment (brevity is everything in the opening paragraph) on the major details of the story (poem or whatever) along with an equally brief statement of any relevant context , (that is the situation you feel brought the writer to want to phillis wheatley thesis statement write their text, including key aspects of their social , cultural and literary contexts ). This will, though, always need to be focused on the needs of the essay question . Notice how you are constantly seeking to on the kingdom volume 1 avoid waffle and generalised 'bolted on' comments ; instead, you need to phillis thesis keep all you write tightly focused on geography coursework cheats the needs of the essay title or question. This is the bulk of the essay. It is a series of paragraphs each introduced with a new clear important and wholly relevant point . Sadly, it's all too easy to open a in phillis thesis, a way that inspires little confidence and which drifts from the dissertation outline literature review essay question or argument. Phillis Thesis Statement! Avoid this by opening each and every paragraph in a way that is clearly and directly developing the essay's 'answer' or argument . If you started by stating the four-six aspects you'll be covering in your essay, then you'll have no difficulty knowing what to write in political kingdom of new, these body paragraphs. This is where you restate, in a different form, your opening argument and phillis thesis, give a brief list of the major points you have made along with a comment about the wider implications and relevance of what you have found. It will help to starting of ict essay think back to the imaginary classroom situation. Statement! What would follow on from the highly condensed 'answer' you gave to your teacher?

Your teacher might say, 'Good, that's a fair view to hold - but why do you think that? Show me from the dissertations text itself what made you think that way.' In the phillis thesis statement written essay, you'll need to be providing a whole lot more 'evidence' mainly in geography, the form of quotations each one itself supported by a commentary derived from an analysis of the quotation's literary and phillis wheatley statement, linguistic content . However, with a central and guiding argument starting off and flowing through the outline entire essay, it now becomes much easier to wheatley thesis search the text for aspects and quotations that will provide good quality evidence to essays by adrienne support the essay's points. Each point and supporting quotation needs to be followed by an analysis and comment . Statement! Some teachers call this the P.E.E. ( point example explanation ) or P.Q.C. ( point quotation comment ) system. This is geography coursework cheats needed to explain how and why the aspect of the text or the quotation 'works' within the context of the essay question and thesis, the originally stated argument. Certain key questions need to be answered concerning each quotation used:

What techniques have been used to make the language of the quotation effective? This means discussing the literature writer's methods , e.g. through the creation of realistic dialogue; the statement use of an effective metaphor; through vivid description; onomatopoeia; alliteration; effective stage directions, etc. How does the method used affect the reader's understanding of the text and its themes (e.g. 'the effect of this passage is to create a sense of really being there for the reader. ')? Why was this method used (i.e. Starting Essay! what was the writer's purpose )? E.g. 'At this point on the story the author wants to wheatley thesis statement gain the reader's attention in order to begin exploring the overall theme of injustice. ' MARK GRABBING TIP No. 1! Begin all of your paragraphs in such a way that it is absolutely clear you are focused on the essay question and its requirements, thus building up your overall argument. This will keep the essay on track and avoid the plague of poor essays: wandering, digression and waffle! What if your essay title isn't in the form of a question? When considered as a question, you will often find it is dissertation outline literature easier to generate that all-important single main point of view to it - the main idea upon which you will then base the remainder of your essay . Here is an example of wheatley, a main idea succinctly stated (i.e. thesis statement ) that could be used to create an argument essay from the dissertation outline literature above question: The remainder of this - or any other - essay must then be no more than a linked series of points with each point explained , developed and supported in a paragraph of its own . Wheatley! These points must all be directly related to the main idea you have already explained in the opening paragraph, which itself is your response to the essay title or question. Remember that each point - each paragraph - must set out to explain , develop and support some aspect of your over-riding main idea and nothing more . In this example, the paragraph that follows the opening paragraph - the first of what is called the body paragraphs of your essay - could be based on the point that the theme of ambition is shown through what Macbeth and corporate skin, Lady Macbeth are given by Shakespeare to say and phillis wheatley, do in Act One of the play.

The third paragraph of thesis, your essay - its second body paragraph - might then explore, develop and support how the theme of wheatley statement, ambition is critique dissertations shown through these two characters in some part of Act 2, and so on. Below you'll find lots more detail and ideas for writing an effective essay but with luck, the above will have given you the basic idea. Aim to phillis statement 'integrate' words or phrases from the text you are studying directly into your own sentences (still using quotation marks, of course). Don't overdo this effective technique, but used sparingly, this use of 'embedded' quotations can help create a very impressive style, one that suggests you have a good grasp of the text and the essay question. Here are some examples of how to essay use embedded quotations. The first is from the opening of John Steinbeck's novel, 'Of Mice and thesis, Men': 'Small and quick' George is presented by Steinbeck as a character in complete contrast to his friend, the lumbering and 'shapeless' Lennie. Here is a similarly embedded quotation from J B Priestley's 'An Inspector Calls':

As the Inspector says, 'We don't live alone' and this is an important message Priestley gives his audience. Finally, see how this can be done using John Agard's poem, 'Half-Caste': Perhaps Agard also wants his reader to 'come back tomorrow' with a different attitude towards those they might feel are in any way different from themselves. MORE TIPS AND MORE DETAIL! Essays take a great deal of effort and time and so deserve careful preparation.

T he most common failing examiners find is critique a lack of understanding of the text on which the essay is based. This is to take the road signpos ted 'Failure'. Statement! But you're heading elsewhere. So. get to geography coursework know your text well. You won't succeed if you don't! I f you struggle with the text, read it through again with a study guide to hand.

Also, talk the text over with friends or your teacher. There is more help with specific texts here . Many essay writers fail to create an initial main viewpoint or drift from this single focus. This loses marks as it leads to phillis thesis waffle , vagueness and essays by adrienne rich, generalisation . As you've read above, another common pitfall is to focus too much on the surface features of the text you are writing about. This happens when you write at length about the meaning of the phillis wheatley statement text, i.e. by telling what happens in starting of ict, it. In effect, all you are doing when you do this is to retell the story of the text. You need to be discussing how and why the author has created an effective text through careful, interesting and effective choices of wheatley thesis statement, style and coursework cheats, language as well as structure . M ore marks are lost if you forget the need to support the points you make in each paragraph. A good idea is to try to use at least one quotation - or reference to the text - per paragraph. Remember, too, that this is an English essay and phillis thesis, this means you need to reflect how authors use language and literary techniques in effective ways in their writing . Aim only to essays choose quotations that contain important elements in them that will allow you to discuss in depth aspects of, for example, their literary style , language or structure. Consider discussing, for example, how the quotation acts to build tension , mood , character , a sense of place or how it helps explore one of the text's themes . Discuss, too, how the quotation works both at the point it occurs and as a contribution to the whole , i.e. the phillis wheatley statement way it helps the writer achieve his or her purpose . This means you need to discuss aspects of the quotation such as its effectiveness - which means discussing aspects of language , structure and style . 1. DEVELOP A STRONG INITIAL FOCUS FOR YOUR ESSAY. The word 'essay' comes from a French word meaning 'attempt': your essay is your attempt to dissertations argue for your point of view , a view that when succinctly expressed is called a thesis statement . This 'thesis statement' needs to phillis thesis statement be an idea you developed based on an interpretation of whatever aspect of the text is asked in the essay question.

Interpretation means considering how a text operates at different levels ; it is essay on the spain volume 1 your interpretation of the text that will be at the heart of the essay: an interpretation that must supports the statement overall thesis statement. 2. FIND SOLID SUPPORT FOR YOUR VIEWPOINT. You will need to search through the text and note down a series of aspects and quotations that can be used to support the overall view you have developed. Use 'post-it notes' to dissertation literature review help with this or write the aspects/quotations down separately. Choose aspects or quotations that you can analyse successfully for the methods used , effects created and purpose intended . 3. WRITE AN EFFECTIVE OPENING PARAGRAPH. Use your introductory paragraph to phillis thesis statement state your point of view , i.e. your thesis statement. The purpose of your opening paragraph is to make clear your thesis statement - response to the essay question: that is, to explain the focus of your argument - your main idea or point of view. Stated clearly at the opening to your essay, this shows how you intend to answer the essay question and what general direction your essay will take. Following your thesis statement, it's a good idea to add a little more detail that acts to 'preview' each of the thesis major points that you will cover in the body of the essay.

This opening paragraph will then act to show - succinctly - where you stand regarding the questions and how you intend to answer it. Importantly, in the opening paragraph of your essay you will also need to write an overview of the text, one that gives a succinct summary of the ' big picture ' of the text; importantly, too, of course, this must be focused on the requirements of the essay question. Giving a succinct account of the big picture of the text in the opening paragraph will show that you have engaged with and digested the detail of three key aspects of the thesis statement essay: the essay question, the text and its author - perhaps also, a brief account of the author's context . Giving an overview suggests a confident approach and is a hallmark of the best essays. TIP: It is always impressive to incorporate into corporate thesis, your own sentences, using quotation marks of course, a short suitable quotation taken from the text. Wheatley Statement! Some teachers call this using embedded quotations. Keep all references to the biographical background of the corporate thesis skin author and any aspects of his or her context entirely relevant to the essay question and - brief! Remember that this is not a history or a sociology essay so very few marks are awarded for this kind of background information (although that does not mean it might not be useful).

The majority of marks in an English essay are awarded for the quality of analysis and interpretation you show - that is, an awareness of the author's uses of the wheatley thesis English language and literary uses of this. If your essay title does concern aspects of skin, context try hard to discuss context by deriving your comments from quotations rather than by merely discussing aspects of wheatley, context; in other words allow the text to introduce the context. TIP: avoid making simplistic and starting of ict essay, irrelevant value judgments of the text or its author. Saying that Shakespeare is statement 'a wonderful author' or that you think 'Of Mice and critique dissertations, Men' is 'really good' will gain no marks whatsoever - this is statement no more than a kind of waffle that fills space with empty words that add nothing useful to your essay. 4. USE THE REMAINING PARAGRAPHS EFFECTIVELY. Follow the critique opening paragraph with a number of paragraphs that form the 'body' of the essay. Each of these paragraphs are there purely to expand on and support your originally stated overall viewpoint.

Having stated your main idea in your opening paragraph, now you need explore this, develop it and provide support from the text for this. In the essay's body paragraphs your aim is to: follow the analysis system called P.E.E. or P.Q.C. For more on this see here ; work through the wheatley thesis text's structure logically and, highlighting via the use of political essay spain volume 1, quotations, explain how these led you to develop your point of view; comment on how the language of each of phillis wheatley thesis statement, these parts led you to political essay on the spain volume form your interpretation: why did the author choose this particular type of language to wheatley statement make this point in thesis skin, this way? How does it help a) the audience and b) the writer's purpose or theme ? discuss how this individual part of the text forms a useful structural part of the text by leading the reader towards an overall understanding of the themes, messages or purposes of the thesis statement text; CRUCIALLY. each paragraph needs to develop a separate and individual point - one that will help to show how different parts and aspects of the text helped you develop your interpretation and viewpoint (this is the cheats POINT part of P.E.E.); A useful tip is to open each paragraph with a topic sentence . This is a sentence that clearly makes a point that is developing your argument - your answer to the essay question - and, because it is, therefore, clearly focused on the essay question, it will keep your writing on phillis thesis statement track; Always aim to provide support for each of the points you make by essay referring directly to the text (this is the EXAMPLE part of P.E.E.). You normally do this by phillis thesis statement quoting briefly from a relevant part of the text but you might choose to describe an event. It's very important NOT to write a long description of WHAT happens.

If you do you are merely 'retelling the story' - this loses many marks. In a play you also lose marks if you do not discuss aspects of the staging and stage action. You will need to follow each quotation with an explanation of and a discussion on essays rich aspects of the language the author used in the quotation; this means discussing, for example, how aspects of the quotations literary, poetic or dramatic language works, including mentioning the method the writer used, the effect the language creates and the reasons this might have been done (this is the EXPLAIN part of P.E.E). You should also aim to show how the quotation helped you develop your overall interpretation of the text (this is wheatley thesis statement also the EXPLAIN part of P.E.E). 5. CREATE A LOGICAL STRUCTURE. Always work in a clear way through the text, from beginning to end. Avoid starting your essay by discussing a point that occurs half way through your text: ALWAYS begin at the beginning! Many students begin discussing a text half way through or even near the end then go back to an earlier point. This ignores the work the writer puts in to develop an dissertations, effective structure to their text - and loses marks! 6. CONCLUDE EFFECTIVELY. The conclusion to an essay is important but causes problems for many students.

It should leave your reader with a pleasant and logical sense of 'closure' - a 'wrapping up' of the main ideas behind the essay . 1. Re-state in a different form (using rather different words) your opening argument. 2. Now bring together your main points (again, avoiding simple repetition of the same words): list or summarise the wheatley main points from the preceding paragraphs (use the topic sentences from each paragraph to give you an idea). 3. End by identifying some of the essays wider implications and wheatley, relevance that arise from what you have found and thesis skin, explored. The conclusion should consist of just a few sentences but these will need to be made to sound convincing and authoritative . It's crucial to keep the conclusion brief and to the point and, above all else, to introduce no new material at all. ALWAYS WRITE ANALYTICALLY , NEVER DESCRIPTIVELY. Here is an wheatley thesis statement, example of how many students go wrong; don't worry, you won't - but this is a very common mistake: In William Shakespeare's play, 'Romeo and Juliet', these are the first two lines of the 'Prologue' as spoken by 'The Chorus': 'Two households, both alike in dignity, In fair Verona, where we lay our scene. ' What follows is a typical 'retelling': an 'overview' or 'translation' that gains no marks : 'Here, Shakespeare is saying that the play is set in Verona where there are two dignified families.' Compare the above 'description' with this analytical and insightful interpretation : 'The opening lines of the Prologue are important because they paint a picture for the audience of what could and should be - fairness and dignity. These words set up a powerful contrast to what is: the violence, hatred and essay on the spain volume, bloodshed shown in the coming scene.

It will be against this violent backdrop that the pure love of Romeo and Juliet will have to struggle.' Which approach and style would gain the phillis wheatley statement higher mark? STUCK FOR WHAT TO WRITE ABOUT? THERE ARE FOUR KEY ASPECTS THAT APPLY TO ALL TEXTS AND WHICH SHOULD FORM THE BASIS OF ANY LITERATURE ESSAY. FORM, CONTENT, STRUCTURE AND STYLE. This is so very often ignored despite the fact that it provides the basis for the very best essays because it provides a subtle response. And subtlety always receives the highest marks ! When you write about a text at the level of its form , you analyse how aspects of it other than the meaning of its language have been used by the writer in important and effective ways. To give you an dissertation outline, idea of the importance of form to phillis thesis statement a text, you yourself make use of the outline literature form of language when you speak loudly or softly , or when you chat or text a friend and use CAPS LOCK. Also, when you create short or long sentences or paragraphs you are affecting the look - the form - of your writing. This, albeit subtly, affects the way the writing is received and interpreted.

A novelist makes use of form by writing in sentences and paragraphs of varying lengths (you can imagine the effect a very short sentence, or a one-line paragraph, for example). The use of dialogue (spoken words shown inside speech marks) is also an effective use of form, as is the use of underlining , bold or italics - or, in non-fiction texts, the inclusion of bullet points or sections. Poets are acutely aware of and phillis wheatley, very creative with the starting of ict essay use of phillis statement, form. A poet makes use of cheats, form, for phillis wheatley, example, by consciously splitting up sentences into the lines of coursework cheats, poetry . This allows the poet to exaggerate a particular word by placing it at the end of a line, or by rhyming it with a similar sounding word. A non-fiction writer makes use of form by using layout and appearance and by adding illustrations and photographs , and so on. All writers use form by using patterns of sound , such as by using alliteration , rhyme , rhythm , onomatopoeia , assonance and so on.

A playwright, of course, uses form very differently. When your essay concerns a play, therefore, you'll definitely be losing marks if you ignore aspects of form. In a play, much of the 'meaning' is created not from thesis statement language but from what you see happening on the stage - the coursework cheats staging and stage action. This includes not just what the phillis wheatley thesis statement actors do but what they wear , where they stand and coursework, so on phillis thesis - all potentially important formal aspects of the play that should find their way onto your essay. Form is always worthy of of ict essay, comment when (but only when ) if it adds usefully to the meaning, i.e. the content of a text. Every word and phrase has a literal meaning . This is its basic dictionary meaning. It's sometimes called a word's denotation . E.g. 'In this story, the author's detailed description of darkness denotes the coming on of a storm'. This is a way of 'playing' around with a word's meaning that makes writing more vivid , emotional and interesting . Wheatley Thesis Statement! Words and phrases can be used differently from thesis skin their literal context and given what is called a connotation . Using connotation or figurative language , a writer can introduce layers of meaning - especially emotional meaning (don't forget that many words can create both meaning and feeling ). Phillis Wheatley Statement! The most common way this is done is to dissertation review use a word not for its literal meaning but for its metaphorical or figurative meaning.

Another way is to phillis statement use a word that acts as symbolically and represents something very different from its literal meaning. E.g. 'As well as suggesting the coming of dissertations, a storm, the darkness also acts to phillis statement suggest a metaphorical darkness is taking over the character's mind. In this way the darkness seems to be symbolising a kind of evil'. Using a pun - a witty play on words - is another way that meaning can be played with in an interesting way. Punning works because some words, in a certain context, can have an ambiguous meaning - two possible meanings - one of which might be humorous. Irony is a key way that writers use to create layers of literature review, meaning. Sarcasm is irony, but this is a spoken form of irony that is phillis wheatley intended to hurt someone's feelings by dissertation review ridiculing some aspect of them.

It's a crude, easy kind of irony not really subtle enough for writing. Phillis Wheatley Thesis Statement! Irony is usually subtle , sophisticated , edgy and witty ; an altogether more intelligent use of starting, language. But irony can also be difficult to recognise - yet it is phillis statement probably true to critique dissertations say that irony is one of the most common means by which a sophisticated writer creates layers of meaning in phillis statement, a text . Irony works because when it is starting of ict recognised, it engages the reader very much more closely with the text. This is because, rather like solving a puzzle, there is a real enjoyment and satisfaction in unpicking the various levels of meaning created by the irony. Creating an 'ironic tone of voice' in statement, writing is dissertations much harder than in speech because the original sound of voice and facial expression or body language of the speaker are absent. To create an ironic tone (or any tone, for that matter), words have to be chosen with great care. It is a key reading skill to phillis wheatley thesis be able to detect this as it tells you what attitude the writer is review taking towards their subject matter.

An example of irony occurs in an old story by O. Wheatley Thesis Statement! Henry called 'The Gift of the Magi'. This story of poor young lovers ends with the dissertations boyfriend selling the one thing he owns of value, his pocket watch, in order to buy his girlfriend an expensive hair comb; equally secretly, she has all of her long hair cut off to sell to a wig maker so she can afford to buy him. a chain for his watch. Structure is the way a writer consciously 'shapes' a piece of writing in an attempt to phillis wheatley make it as effective as possible for their audience and their purpose. It is dissertations important to comment on phillis wheatley thesis the structure of a text, e.g. Political Essay Kingdom Of New Spain Volume! 'The way the wheatley thesis author slowly builds up the critique tension throughout this chapter helps create a feeling of real excitement and phillis thesis statement, mystery'. Style is the way a writer or speaker consciously chooses language and starting of ict essay, language features to suit a particular audience to achieve a specific purpose . When you aim to convince your mum that Friday's party cannot be missed, you will consciously adapt your style to one that is thesis more emotional and rich, persuasive! Some famous writers have a particular style of their own that is quickly recognisable. John Steinbeck, Charles Dickens and William Wordsworth are three such writers - here, a writer's individual style is sometimes referred to as the writer's 'voice'.

Your primary job when analysing and discussing a text is to wheatley thesis comment on its style - on what are called the stylistic or language choices its writer has made, especially those that seem to starting essay you to have been chosen to create a particular effect to achieve a certain purpose. So. if you are commenting on the form and phillis thesis, content of a writer's language, you are commenting on essay the writer's style . COMPARING TWO OR MORE TEXTS. Even though it's a central part of the mark scheme, and always made clear in the essay question or title, each year many students still manage to write their comparison exam answer or coursework essay and forget to compare and contrast the phillis wheatley thesis statement texts . Aside from not knowing the texts sufficiently well, failing to compare and contrast is the number one reason marks are lost in this kind of essay. When writing about more than one text, your opening paragraph should be used to give the briefest details of each text (i.e. your writing needs to review be succinct !). This will mean being even more careful and sparing when you write an overview of each text, in which you give the big picture . There are two methods you can consider using when comparing texts:

1) Write about the first text fully before moving on to the second - still using the thesis statement techniques outlined above; but when you go on to write about the second text, you must compare and contrast it with the cheats first. 2) Alternatively, and this makes the most sense when thinking about the statement argument essay, you write about both texts as you proceed . This allows you still, as shown above, to create a central argument , one in which examples to starting of ict support the points are taken from one or both texts as relevant to the point. This second method is the thesis statement more complex and critique, sophisticated of the two.