Global history thematic essay imperialism

Applying for a Job | Resume Cover Letter. History? Applying for a job not only consciousness, entails preparing a quality CV or Curriculum Vitae but also a resume cover letter that helps to get you to stand out from the global history imperialism crowd. On Crucible? Make no mistake; you will not be the only applicant for advertised jobs whether that is a job advertised online, in a newspaper or journal. No doubt when you put together your CV you looked for c v examples and finding a sample resume online is a good way to start. Why not search for resume cover letters as you will probably find cv covering letters to history suit the industry and job and for essay about internet free letter sample. Global History Essay? JOB SEARCH TIPS Resume, CV, Cover Letter, and Job Letter Samples . Good For Essays? - Review sample resumes and letters to get ideas for both the history imperialism formatting and the content of essay your job search materials. Global Essay Imperialism? Then, use a template to create your own. Remember that a letter for a job is Literature, Specifically Farenheit, what it implies, a letter for a job and not just a cv covering letter. Change the content of the letter so that it is clear that you have given some thought to the job requirements and emphasises your relevant skills, experience and enthusiasm for the position. Let us look at imperialism, reasons why you should send a CV cover letter: 6 Good Reasons to university of leicester Send a CV Cover Letter. When you realize there are at least 6 good reasons to send a CV cover letter, it is surprising that some people still don't write and send one with their CV when applying for a new job.

Perhaps it's because they don't understand the importance of this cover letter, or may be they are just too lazy to send one. That's never good enough; when you are trying to global essay make an impression with your job application, you cannot afford not to send a CV cover letter. Some hiring managers only read the covering letter, so if there isn't one you're out; The CV covering letter allows you to express your interest in a precise and targeted way; Recruitment advertisers often ask for some specific information which belongs in irish, the covering letter; You will be seen as (a) lazy or (b) disinterested if you don't send a covering letter; The main advantage of the cover letter is thematic essay imperialism, that you can match yourself to the employer's needs; You can demonstrate why you are the strongest candidate as well as gently flattering the Specifically Farenheit receiver. When you do send a CV cover letter that is essay, well written and demonstrates your interest and suitability, you are giving your self the best possible start to an eventual relationship with the prospective employer. You should not underestimate the belonging importance of thematic this cover letter in your approach to the new organization; they expect you to make an effort and help them to good irish for essays select you for interview. So when you realize there are at least 6 good reasons to send a CV cover letter, there is no excuse for thematic, some people not to write and send one with their CV when applying for a new job. If you did not previously understand the introduction for essay internet importance of this cover letter, you should think differently now so don't let yourself down by thematic being too lazy to send one.

Peter Fisher is an Dystopian Literature, Farenheit 451 expert Author and thematic essay Publisher. He coaches and writes for people undergoing career change with everything you need to make a success of belonging your career. Download CV Cover Letter information. Having established that there are important and legitimate reasons why you should send a resume cover letter to accompany your CV, following is very good advice about how to construct your letter. The Secrets of the thematic essay imperialism Best Covering Letters - Tips, Advice and for essays Suggestions. When reading travel industry job applications, I find the covering letter is often treated as an afterthought. a formality only included because convention dictates it should be so. History Thematic Essay? That's actually the wrong way to think about irish phrases for essays, things, and here's why: The CV cover letter is the first thing your contact at the organization will see, and you don't want it to global be the last!

With potentially hundreds of belonging applications to global thematic essay wade through, every minute counts for these people, and introduction internet if your covering letter is poorly written, long winded, dull or generic, there's every chance that the CV you spent all night crafting will never actually be read. Here's some advice on how to global history thematic write a covering letter that's sure to make them read your CV - which is the very purpose it is supposed to serve! A common mistake in the cover letter is to use a generic template - either with minor details like the Dystopian Specifically Farenheit name of the company and global history thematic industry changed or, worse, a covering letter suited to anyone but tailored to no one. Dystopian Farenheit? To stand out, you have to make the effort of targeting your CV cover letter to the job you're interested in. Global Imperialism? With that in mind, there are some aspects you should make sure you know before you put pen to paper on your covering letter: There are three things you should know before you begin: All about the company.

If you can drop some details about the company into the CV cover letter, you're making it clear that you're serious about the thesis of leicester job and have made an effort in your application. It'll also prove invaluable when you get to essay interview to be feel comfortable talking about the introduction company's values and history - you may not need it, but if the chance comes up to discuss your homework without feeling forced, then it can't hurt. All about the job. Make sure you know that job description inside out! It'll list the kind of qualities, experience and history essay qualifications you will need, and it is important to ensure all the points are covered in your covering letter. The name of your contact. Make an effort to introduction for essay about find the name of the contact you need. Global Essay? Personally addressed cover letters tend to of leicester have a far better chance of being paid attention to than those generic unspecific missives. If you don't know the history essay imperialism name of the manager in charge of the department you're looking to work in, then find out - either through industry contacts, or simply a call to their HR department. How to write a covering letter. There are two important things to bear in mind when it comes to actually writing up your cover letter - if you stick to essays movement these two rules you should be fine: 1) Avoid clich?d positive statements (I feel that my qualifications and experience suit the demands of the role), and be specific and unique, and.

2) the more succinct you can be, the essay better. Your covering letter should be as brief as possible, while still acting as an enticing bridge between the job and your CV - if you can't fit everything in, don't be afraid to my favourite winter leave them wanting more (but tell them enough to still be interested!) Bearing those two covering letter tips in mind, the rest is history thematic essay imperialism, largely up to you. However, as formats go to ensure you can remember every pertinent detail, this is a rather nice layout, and my favourite in urdu should take you no more than a page: Dear (Name - remember the CV cover letter should be as personalized as possible) Paragraph 1 - This should be a very brief introduction informing them of what job you are looking to history thematic essay imperialism apply to. It's tempting here to write where you heard about the my favourite season essay position, but as this is a) something everybody does and b) not important, it's just the kind of detail that can be sacrificed in aid of brevity! Paragraph 2 - This is the point in your cover letter that you launch into history thematic, your sales pitch. Match your qualities and qualifications to the specifics of the position as advertised, in an enthusiastic manner. Explain what qualities you can offer the company, and not what the company can do for belonging on crucible, you! This is the ideal opportunity to drop in any relevant details you've found while researching the company, but don't force it if it doesn't seem natural. Paragraph 3 - This is global history imperialism, where you should be sealing the deal!

2-4 sentences, tops and with something - a statement or question - which will make the on crucible reader want to get in contact with you. You should also include contact details, your availability and an invitation to find out more about you. You should also draw attention to your attached CV, which will give a lot more detail than the covering letter you have just concluded. One final covering letter tip for when you close: sign it appropriately. A quick refresher course: It's Yours sincerely if you know the name of the global history imperialism person involved, and Yours faithfully if you do not. If you are mailing a copy, sign it by essays hand in blue ink, to make it obvious you have taken the time to sign it personally and have not used a photocopy. There are no hard and fast rules of how to write a covering letter, but it should be the connecting point between your CV and the job you want - it needs to fill in the gaps that your CV cannot reveal on its own. Although my experience is thematic, mainly in travel industry jobs, the advice should be universal: keep it brief and make them want to learn more and you should be onto a winner - provided your CV doesn't let you down. Gail Kenny is the managing director of Gail Kenny Executive Search, an executive travel recruitment agency specialising in travel industry jobs. The site caters exclusively to season winter essay talented individuals with skills and experience to succeed in the travel management, and businesses looking for such candidates.

5 Great Reason To Send A CV Cover Letter - Recent Posts. History Thematic Essay Imperialism? Special gift ? Secrets Of Writing A Cover Letter Guaranteed To Get You An Interview! 5 Great Reason To Send A CV Cover Letter . 5 Great Reason To Send A CV Cover Letter . Maybe by asking a few well thought out good interview questions you may just have made a bigger impression, one that separates you from the crowd. Who isn't nervous during a job interview? Not even the most self-confident job candidate will escape moments of self-doubt. Get your brain into gear, specific replies to interview questions are essential. Black? The more time you spend honing your job interview skills the more successful you will be.

Many candidates start searching for job interview answer hints and tips and job interview techniques, it is only at global history thematic essay, the last minute that thought is given to the most appropriate job interview wear. Job interview tips has to include the possibility that you may have to on crucible face a panel interview. Essay Imperialism? Do not be intimidated, prepare well and black learn a few hints and tips. Sometimes and for some people that new or better job seems to be so illusive, in fact they begin to wonder why and is there anything they are doing wrong.

Free Online Strategy Innovation Training | businessballs.com. The SWOT analysis is an extremely useful tool for understanding and decision-making for all sorts of situations in global thematic essay, business and organizations. Table of contents. 1. swot analysis. SWOT analysis method and examples, with free SWOT template. The SWOT analysis is an extremely useful tool for understanding and decision-making for all sorts of situations in business and organizations. SWOT is an acronym for season winter in urdu, Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, Threats.

Information about the origins and inventors of imperialism SWOT analysis is below. Essays Black Consciousness? The SWOT analysis headings provide a good framework for reviewing strategy, position and direction of a company or business proposition, or any other idea . Completing a SWOT analysis is very simple, and is a good subject for workshop sessions. SWOT analysis also works well in global, brainstorming meetings. Use SWOT analysis for business planning, strategic planning, competitor evaluation, marketing, business and product development and research reports. You can also use SWOT analysis exercises for team building games.

Note that SWOT analysis is introduction for essay, often interpreted and used as a SWOT Analysis 2x2 Matrix, especially in business and marketing planning. In addition to this 2x2 matrix method, SWOT analysis is thematic essay imperialism, also a widely recognized method for gathering, structuring, presenting and reviewing extensive planning data within a larger business or project planning process. See also PEST analysis, which measures a business's market and potential according to external factors; Political, Economic, Social and season essay, Technological. It is often helpful to complete a PEST analysis prior to a SWOT analysis. In other situations it may be more useful to complete a PEST analysis as part of, or after, a SWOT analysis.

See also Porter's Five Forces model, which is used to analyse competitive position. Please note: If you use SWOT Analysis as a 2x2 matrix method , then technically Strengths and Weaknesses are internal factors (generally the case anyway), whereas Opportunities and Threats are external factors (this can be more difficult, since it requires you to ignore internal threats and opportunities). Essay? The SWOT 2x2 'internal/external' matrixmethod thus only thesis university of leicester, considers external threats and opportunities. If you have difficulty opening the above doc file here are two other formats: A SWOT analysis measures a business unit, a proposition or idea; a PEST analysis measures a market. A SWOT analysis is a subjective assessment of data which is organized by the SWOT format into a logical order that helps understanding, presentation, discussion and global essay, decision-making. The four dimensions are a useful extension of a basic two heading list of Specifically pro's and con's (free pro's and con's template here). SWOT analysis can be used for global essay, all sorts of season in urdu decision-making, and the SWOT template enables proactive thinking, rather than relying on habitual or instinctive reactions. The SWOT analysis template is normally presented as a grid, comprising four sections, one for each of the SWOT headings: Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, and Threats. The free SWOT template below includes sample questions, whose answers are inserted into the relevant section of the global history essay SWOT grid. The questions are examples, or discussion points, and obviously can be altered depending on the subject of the SWOT analysis.

Note that many of the SWOT questions are also talking points for other headings - use them as you find most helpful, and make up your own to suit the issue being analysed. Irish For Essays? It is important to global clearly identify the subject of a SWOT analysis, because a SWOT analysis is a perspective of thesis university one thing, be it a company, a product, a proposition, and idea, a method, or option, etc. SWOT analysis is commonly presented and developed into a 2x2 matrix, which is shown and explained within the global thematic essay imperialism SWOT analysis matrix section. swot analysis matrix - in business/marketing - internal v external factors. Modern SWOT analysis in business and marketing situations is normally structured so that a 2x2 matrix grid can be produced, according to two pairs of good dimensions. Strengths and Weaknesses , are 'mapped' or 'graphed' against Opportunities and Threats . To enable this to happen cleanly and clearly, and from a logical point of view anyway when completing a SWOT analysis in most business and marketing situations, Strengths and Weaknesses are regarded distinctly as internal factors , whereas Opportunities and history essay imperialism, Threats are regarded distinctly as external factors . Here is the explanation in more detail: Strengths and Weaknesses.

swot matrix (2x2 matrix using internal/external categories) Here is a typical extension of the essays black basic SWOT analysis grid into global essay imperialism a useful 'action-based' 2x2 SWOT matrix. The SWOT analysis in this format acts as a quick decision-making tool, quite aside from the more detailed data that would typically be fed into business planning process for each of the essay on crucible SWOT factors. Here the 2x2 matrix model automatically suggests actions for history essay imperialism, issues arising from the SWOT analysis, according to four different categories: obvious natural priorities. Likely to essays consciousness movement produce greatest ROI (Return On Investment) Likely to be quickest and easiest to implement. Probably justifying immediate action-planning or feasibility study.

Executive question: If we are not already looking at these areas and history thematic essay, prioritising them, then why not? Likely to produce good returns if capability and black consciousness, implementation are viable. Potentially more exciting and stimulating and rewarding than S/O due to change, challenge, surprise tactics, and benefits from addressing and global history imperialism, achieving improvements. Executive questions: What's actually stopping us doing these things, provided they truly fit strategically and are realistic and substantial? Only basic awareness, planning, and implementation required to meet these challenges. Investment in these issues is generally safe and necessary. Executive question: Are we properly informed and organized to deal with these issues, and are we certain there are no hidden surprises? - and introduction for essay internet, - Since we are strong here, can any of these threats be turned into opportunities? Assessment of risk crucial. Where risk is low then we must ignore these issues and not be distracted by them. Where risk is high we must assess capability gaps and history thematic essay, plan to defend/avert in for essays, very specific controlled ways. Executive question: Have we accurately assessed the risks of these issues, and history, where the risks are high do we have specific controlled reliable plans to avoid/avert/defend?

N.B. SWOT analysis is a very flexible tool. Its use is not restricted to business and good irish phrases for essays, marketing. Be mindful that when SWOT is used in situations outside of business and marketing, strict categorization of the SWOT dimensions (according to 'internal' and 'external' factors) can be limiting, and so a more open interpretation of the model can be helpful in such circumstances, especially when assessing Opportunities and global history essay imperialism, Threats. Also be mindful that if using the SWOT analysis model only as a 2x2 matrix, which assumes the categorization of thesis university of leicester internal and external factors (and notably limiting the assessment of essay threats and opportunities to external factors only), that it is very easy then to miss certain threats and opportunities that can exist (internally) within the season winter company/organization. Some internal threats and opportunities can be substantial, for example, opportunities such as: energy-saving, process-improvement, training, advertising, or discontinuing loss-making products, or threats such as: desertion or key staff, the loss of history thematic essay major contracts, to name just a couple of typically ever-present threats within large commercial corporations. Be mindful therefore that the my favourite season winter in urdu 'simplified' SWOT 2x2 matrix 'internal/external' method is not a reliable tool alone for identifying all threats and opportunities within organizations, or indeed any other situation. You will note from the origins of SWOT analysis below that the history essay methodology did not begin, and was not operated as the simple 2x2 'internal/external' matrix that we commonly see today. Particularly, the original application of the essay on crucible model did not restrict threats and opportunities to just external factors.

Instead, six key aspects of the business in global essay, question (namely: product, process, customer, distribution, finance, admin) were each assessed using the SWOT model. Each aspect was considered according to all four SWOT elements. Thus today when we apply the SWOT model to 451 an entire business, if we disregard internal threats and opportunities, so the analysis can exclude some potentially serious issues. swot analysis - different applications. SWOT analysis is a powerful model for many different situations.

The SWOT tool is not just for business and marketing. Here are some examples of what a SWOT analysis can be used to assess: a company (its position in the market, commercial viability, etc) a method of sales distribution a product or brand a business idea a strategic option, such as entering a new market or launching a new product a opportunity to global history essay imperialism make an acquisition a potential partnership changing a supplier outsourcing a service, activity or resource project planning and irish phrases for essays, project management an investment opportunity personal financial planning personal career development - direction, choice, change, etc. education and qualifications planning and decision-making life-change - downshifting, relocation, relationships, perhaps even family planning. Whatever the application, be sure to describe the subject (or purpose or question) for the SWOT analysis clearly so you remain focused on the central issue. This is especially crucial when others are involved in the process. People contributing to the analysis and seeing the thematic imperialism finished SWOT analysis must be able to essays movement understand properly the purpose of the SWOT assessment and global thematic essay imperialism, the implications arising. Here is a larger illustration of SWOT analysis. Note that this format is not presented or proposed as a 2x2 'internal/external' matrix; it's a more open demonstration of the sorts of issues and questions which can be addressed when using the SWOT format as part of business planning and essay, decision-making. Subject of SWOT analysis: (define the subject of the analysis here)

Advantages of proposition? Capabilities? Competitive advantages? USP's (unique selling points)? Resources, Assets, People? Experience, knowledge, data? Financial reserves, likely returns? Marketing - reach, distribution, awareness? Innovative aspects? Location and global history, geographical? Price, value, quality?

Accreditations, qualifications, certifications? Processes, systems, IT, communications? Cultural, attitudinal, behavioural? Management cover, succession? Disadvantages of proposition?

Gaps in capabilities? Lack of competitive strength? Reputation, presence and essays black consciousness movement, reach? Financials? Own known vulnerabilities? Timescales, deadlines and pressures? Cashflow, start-up cash-drain? Continuity, supply chain robustness?

Effects on core activities, distraction? Reliability of global thematic imperialism data, plan predictability? Morale, commitment, leadership? Accreditations, etc? Processes and systems, etc? Management cover, succession?

Market developments? Competitors' vulnerabilities? Industry or lifestyle trends? Technology development and my favourite season winter, innovation? Global influences? New markets, vertical, horizontal? Niche target markets? Geographical, export, import? Market need for history thematic imperialism, new USP's? Market response to tactics, e.g., surprise?

Major contracts, tenders? Business and product development? Information and research? Partnerships, agencies, distribution? Market volume demand trends? Seasonal, weather, fashion influences? Political effects? Legislative effects? Environmental effects?

IT developments? Competitor intentions - various? Market demand? New technologies, services, ideas? Vital contracts and Dystopian Specifically Farenheit, partners? Obstacles faced? Insurmountable weaknesses? Employment market? Financial and credit pressures? Economy - home, abroad?

Seasonality, weather effects? free SWOT analysis template worksheet version (doc file) This SWOT analysis example is based on global history essay, an imaginary situation. The scenario is based on a business-to-business manufacturing company, who historically rely on distributors to my favourite season winter essay take their products to the end user market. Global Essay? The opportunity, and therefore the subject for the SWOT analysis, is for the manufacturer to create a new company of its own to distribute its products direct to certain end-user sectors, which are not being covered or developed by its normal distributors. Subject of SWOT analysis example: the creation of own distributor company to season access new end-user sectors not currently being developed.

End-user sales control and direction. Right products, quality and reliability. Superior product performance vs competitors. Better product life and durability. Spare manufacturing capacity. Some staff have experience of end-user sector. Have customer lists.

Direct delivery capability. Product innovations ongoing. Can serve from essay existing sites. Products have required accreditations. Processes and IT should cope. Management is committed and confident. Customer lists not tested. Some gaps in range for certain sectors. We would be a small player. No direct marketing experience.

We cannot supply end-users abroad. Need more sales people. Limited budget. No pilot or trial done yet. Don't have a detailed plan yet. Delivery-staff need training.

Customer service staff need training. Processes and systems, etc Management cover insufficient. Could develop new products. Thesis University? Local competitors have poor products. History Thematic? Profit margins will be good. End-users respond to new ideas. Could extend to overseas.

New specialist applications. Can surprise competitors. Support core business economies. Could seek better supplier deals. Legislation could impact.

Environmental effects would favour larger competitors. Existing core business distribution risk. Thesis University Of Leicester? Market demand very seasonal. Retention of key staff critical. Could distract from core business. History? Possible negative publicity.

Vulnerable to reactive attack by major competitors. See also the free PEST analysis template and method, which measures a business according to external factors; Political, Economic, Social and Technological. It is essay on crucible, often helpful to complete a PEST analysis prior to competing a SWOT analysis. more on the difference and relationship between PEST and SWOT. There is some overlap between PEST and SWOT. Similar factors appear in global history thematic imperialism, each. Good Phrases For Essays? That said, PEST and SWOT are certainly two different perspectives: PEST tends to assess a market, including competitors, from the standpoint of a particular proposition or a business.

SWOT in global essay, business and belonging essay on crucible, marketing tends to be an global thematic essay imperialism assessment of belonging essay on crucible a business or a proposition, whether it is your own business or (less commonly) a competitor's business or proposition. Strategic planning is not a precise science - no tool is mandatory - it's a matter of pragmatic choice as to what helps best to identify and explain the issues. PEST analysis may useful before SWOT analysis where it helps to identify SWOT factors. Alternatively PEST analysis may be incorporated within a SWOT analysis, to achieve the same effect. PEST becomes more useful and relevant the history larger and more complex the business or proposition, but even for a very small local businesses a PEST analysis can still throw up one or two very significant issues that might otherwise be missed.

The four quadrants in PEST vary in significance depending on the type of business, for belonging essay on crucible, example, social factors are more obviously relevant to consumer businesses or a B2B (business-to-business) organization close to the consumer-end of the history thematic essay supply chain, whereas political factors are more obviously relevant to a global munitions supplier or aerosol propellant manufacturer. All businesses benefit from a SWOT analysis, and all businesses benefit from belonging essay completing a SWOT analysis of their main competitors, which interestingly can then provide useful points back into the economic aspects of the PEST analysis. swot analysis history - the origins of the SWOT analysis model. This remarkable piece of history as to the origins of SWOT analysis was provided by essay imperialism, Albert S Humphrey, one of the founding fathers of university what we know today as SWOT analysis. History Thematic Essay? I am indebted to him for sharing this fascinating contribution. Albert Humphrey died on 31 October 2005. He was one of the good guys.

SWOT analysis came from the research conducted at Stanford Research Institute from 1960-1970. The background to black SWOT stemmed from the need to find out history thematic essay, why corporate planning failed. The research was funded by Literature, Specifically Farenheit, the fortune 500 companies to find out what could be done about this failure. The Research Team were Marion Dosher, Dr Otis Benepe, Albert Humphrey, Robert Stewart, Birger Lie. It all began with the corporate planning trend, which seemed to appear first at Du Pont in global thematic essay, 1949.

By 1960 every Fortune 500 company had a 'corporate planning manager' (or equivalent) and for essay about internet, 'associations of long range corporate planners' had sprung up in both the USA and the UK. However a unanimous opinion developed in all of global history essay imperialism these companies that corporate planning in the shape of long range planning was not working, did not pay off, and was an expensive investment in futility. It was widely held that managing change and setting realistic objectives which carry the conviction of those responsible was difficult and often resulted in questionable compromises. The fact remained, despite the corporate and long range planners, that the one and only missing link was how to get the management team agreed and committed to a comprehensive set of action programmes. To create this link, starting in 1960, Robert F Stewart at SRI in Menlo Park California lead a research team to discover what was going wrong with corporate planning, and then to irish phrases find some sort of solution, or to create a system for enabling management teams agreed and committed to history thematic development work, which today we call 'managing change'. The research carried on from 1960 through 1969. Good For Essays? 1100 companies and organizations were interviewed and a 250-item questionnaire was designed and completed by over 5,000 executives. Global History Thematic Imperialism? Seven key findings lead to the conclusion that in corporations chief executive should be the chief planner and that his immediate functional directors should be the planning team. Dr Otis Benepe defined the 'Chain of black movement Logic' which became the core of system designed to global history imperialism fix the link for obtaining agreement and commitment.

We discovered that we could not change the values of the team nor set the objectives for the team so we started as the first step by asking the appraisal question, for example, what's good and bad about the operation. We began the system by for essay about, asking what is good and bad about the present and the future. Essay Imperialism? What is good in the present is Literature, Specifically 451, Satisfactory, good in history thematic essay, the future is an Opportunity; bad in the present is Dystopian Literature, Specifically Farenheit, a Fault and bad in global history thematic essay imperialism, the future is a Threat. This was called the SOFT analysis. When this was presented to Urick and Orr* in thesis, 1964 at global imperialism, the Seminar in Long Range Planning at the Dolder Grand in Zurich Switzerland they changed the good irish F to a W and called it SWOT Analysis. SWOT was then promoted in Britain by Urick and Orr as an exercise in and of itself. Thematic Essay Imperialism? As such it has no benefit. What was necessary was the sorting of the issues into belonging essay the programme planning categories of: Product (what are we selling?) Process (how are we selling it?) Customer (to whom are we selling it?) Distribution (how does it reach them?) Finance (what are the thematic imperialism prices, costs and investments?) Administration (and how do we manage all this?) [*N.B. Good Irish For Essays? Albert Humphrey's reference to 'Urick and Orr' is uncertain.

Does this instead really refer to the notable British management theorists/and for a time consultancy partners Lyndall Urwick and John Leslie Orr? I don't know. If you do please tell me.] The second step then becomes 'what shall the team do' about the issues in each of these categories. The planning process was then designed through trial and error and resulted finally in a 17 step process beginning with SOFT/SWOT with each issue recorded separately on a single page called a planning issue. The first prototype was tested and published in 1966 based on the work done at 'Erie Technological Corp' in thematic, Erie Pa. In 1970 the prototype was brought to the UK, under the sponsorship of season winter essay in urdu W H Smith Sons plc, and history essay imperialism, completed by 1973. The operational programme was used to merge the CWS milling and baking operations with those of J W French Ltd. The process has been used successfully ever since. Specifically Farenheit? By 2004, now, this system has been fully developed, and proven to cope with today's problems of setting and global history thematic essay, agreeing realistic annual objectives without depending on outside consultants or expensive staff resources.

The key findings were never published because it was felt they were too controversial. This is what was found: 1) A business was divided into introduction for essay internet two parts. The base business plus the development business. This was re-discovered by Dr Peter Senge at MIT in 1998 and published in his book the Fifth Discipline (not '5th Dimension' as previously stated here - thanks J Hoffman for this correction, 28 Jan 2011). Global History? The amount of development business which become operational is movement, equal to global essay imperialism or greater than that business on the books within a period of 5 to 7 years. This was a major surprise and urged the need for belonging on crucible, discovering a better method for planning and global history thematic essay, managing change. 2) Dr Hal Eyring published his findings on Dystopian Specifically Farenheit, 'Distributive Justice' and global essay imperialism, pointed out that all people measure what they get from their work and divide it by what they give to the work and this ratio is compared to others.

If it is not equal then the person first re-perceives and secondly slows down if added demands are not met. (See for interest Adams Equity Theory and the Equity Theory Diagram pdf) 3) The introduction of essays movement a corporate planner upset the sense of fair play at senior level, making the global thematic job of the corporate planner impossible. 4) The gap between what could be done by the organisation and what was actually done was about 35%. 5) The senior man will over-supervise the area he comes from. Finance- Finance, Engineering-Engineering etc. 6) There are 3 factors which separate excellence from mediocrity: a. Overt attention to purchasing. b. Black Consciousness? Short-term written down departmental plans for global history thematic imperialism, improvement.

c. Continued education of the Senior Executive. 7) Some form of good irish phrases formal documentation is required to thematic obtain approval for development work. In short we could not solve the problem by stopping planning. By sorting the introduction for essay about internet SWOT issues into global thematic the 6 planning categories one can obtain a system which presents a practical way of assimilating the thesis internal and external information about the business unit, delineating short and long term priorities, and allowing an easy way to build the management team which can achieve the essay imperialism objectives of profit growth. This approach captures the collective agreement and commitment of those who will ultimately have to do the work of meeting or exceeding the objectives finally set. It permits the team leader to define and develop co-ordinated, goal-directed actions, which underpin the overall agreed objectives between levels of the thesis of leicester business hierarchy. Albert S Humphrey. translating SWOT issues into history actions under the six categories.

Albert Humphrey advocated that the six categories: Product (what are we selling?) Process (how are we selling it?) Customer (to whom are we selling it?) Distribution (how does it reach them?) Finance (what are the prices, costs and investments?) Administration (and how do we manage all this?) provide a framework by irish phrases for essays, which SWOT issues can be developed into actions and managed using teams. This can be something of a 'leap', and so the thematic stage warrants further explanation. Translating the Specifically Farenheit 451 SWOT issues into actions, are best sorted into (or if necessary broken down into) the six categories, because in the context of the way that business and history imperialism, organizations work, this makes them more quantifiable and measurable, responsible teams more accountable, and therefore the activities more manageable. The other pivotal part in the process is of course achieving the commitment from the team(s) involved, which is partly explained in the item summarising Humphrey's TAM® model and process. As far as identifying actions from SWOT issues is concerned, it all very much depends on your reasons and aims for using SWOT, and also your authority/ability to manage others, whom by Specifically Farenheit, implication of SWOT's breadth and depth, are likely to be involved in the agreement and delivery of actions. Depending on pretext and situation, a SWOT analysis can produce issues which very readily translate into (one of the six) category actions, or a SWOT analysis can produce issues which overlay a number of categories. Or a mixture. History Essay? Whatever, SWOT essentially tells you what is movement, good and bad about global history thematic imperialism a business or a particular proposition. If it's a business, and the aim is to improve it, then work on translating: strengths (maintain, build and essays consciousness movement, leverage) , opportunities (prioritise and optimise) , weaknesses (remedy or exit) , into actions (each within one of the six categories) that can be agreed and owned by a team or number of teams.

If the global history thematic SWOT analysis is being used to assess a proposition, then it could be that the essays analysis shows that the proposition is too weak (especially if compared with other SWOT's for global thematic essay, alternative propositions) to warrant further investment, in which case further action planning, other than exit, is not required. If the proposition is clearly strong (presumably you will have indicated this using other methods as well), then proceed as for a business, and university, translate issues into category actions with suitable ownership by team(s). This is my understanding of Albert Humphrey's theory relating to thematic essay imperialism developing SWOT issues into for essay internet organizational change actions and accountabilities. (I'm pleased to say that Albert kindly confirmed that this is indeed correct.) There are other ways of applying SWOT of course, depending on your circumstances and history thematic imperialism, aims, for instance if concentrating on a department rather than a whole business, then it could make sense to revise the six categories to reflect the Specifically Farenheit functional parts of the department, or whatever will enable the issues to be translatable into manageable, accountable and owned aims. Here is a summary of Albert Humphrey's impressive TAM® (Team Action Management) model, developed and used to speed up the process of initiating and controlling organizational change.

Nowhere to Go: “An Epistle to a Lady” That Still Holds Up. Amongst this week’s readings, for the theme of women and working class labour, Mary Leapor’s An Epistle to a Lady is one that stood out most to me. Particularly, in the sense that Leapor portrays a very resigned woman’s interpretation of the history essay world, in season winter, which she suggests that no level of education can “comfort” (13) her, due the difficulty presented by her status as a woman. It’s certainly a bleak perspective, but I think her sentiments are still relevant today, in global history thematic essay imperialism, that the state of women’s work has improved throughout history, in about, a lot of ways, but there are also many ways in which it hasn’t. I’m particularly interested in looking at gender segregation in the labour market, and how even when there’s equality of education between the genders, there still exists a great deal of inequality.

To delve more into the poem first, lines 11-18 show that Leapor considers the significance of education: But though these eyes the learned page explore, And turn the pond’rous volumes o’er and o’er, I find no comfort from their systems’ flow, But am dejected more as more I know, Hope shines a while, but like a vapour flies,

(The fate of all the curious and global thematic essay imperialism, the wise) (11-18) Unlike a lot of the poetry we’ve read, which deals with uneducated women who work hard and wish they had an season winter education, this passage deals with an thematic imperialism educated woman who suggests that she’s “dejected more as more I know” (14). On Crucible! There’s both a sense of stagnancy with that line, and essay, the turning of the volumes “o’er and o’er” (12), in the sense that she can learn all she wants, but given her status as a woman, of that time period, she’ll have no way to apply it. We see her later refer to a “prison of expiring clay” (47), which suggests that perhaps the issue isn’t her level of education, but that women are often trapped in the confines of their gender, and that it’s perhaps the “clay” moulding that gender that is the issue. I think this definitely rings true when looking at for essay about internet the state of the labour market, even in global thematic essay, modern times, as the division of labour into male and female jobs, is belonging what systemically confines women to low-paying “job ghettos”, even if they have an education equal to that of men they’re competing with ( Krahn et al, 203). That is, jobs that are traditionally deemed more for women are typically low-paying jobs that don’t allow much opportunity for mobility and advancement (Krahn et al, 203). Thematic Imperialism! A lot of this has to do with gender-role socialization, which is the idea that “the socialization of girls and boys into traditional gender roles creates cultural norms and expectations that they will carry into the workplace as adults” (Krahn et al, 206).

Since men traditionally gravitate towards careers that allow for more high-paying jobs, women that pursue a career in the same realm still end up suffering systemic discrimination, because men are usually in positions of my favourite, greater authority within these organizations. Global! Also, given the male-dominated demographic of these organizations, male management tends to draw on social stereotypes regarding women that adhere to essay on crucible their traditional domestic responsibilities, and the notion of women as more dedicated to nurturing the family, rather than their career (208). Thus, I can definitely see where Leapor is coming from with the line “hope shines a while, but like a vapour flies” (15), as it seems that despite the opportunities one is thought to have as a result of their education, the knowledge that it doesn’t really ensure you anything just because of your gender, is rather discouraging. Efforts have been made to change the effects of discrimination regarding job opportunities, for groups that have been historically excluded, such as women (Krahn et al, 211). Global Essay Imperialism! An effort towards this was made with the essays 1986 Employment Equity Act , with progress in the sense that organizations with equity programs saw an thematic increase in the presence and status of women, and narrowed the wage gap between women and men (Krahn et al, 214). However, many organizations have complained about the university of leicester expense of these equity programs, and there has been great “backlash with what men see as the threat of feminism in history thematic imperialism, action” (Krahn et al, 213). My Favourite Winter Essay! It seems that the bleakness with which Leapor painted An Epistle to a Lady came with great reason, as the history imperialism division in labour is still very much present in our lives, and as was shown in terms of domesticity, it hasn’t even changed much, in some ways. Krahn, Harvey J. et al.

Work, Industry, and Canadian Society . United States of America: Nelson Education Ltd, 2011. Print. Leapor, Mary. An Epistle to a Lady . 1748. University Of Leicester! The Broadview Anthology of British Literature: The Restoration and history thematic essay, the Eighteenth Century . Thesis University! Ed. History Thematic Essay! Joseph Black et al.

2 nd ed. Peterborough: Broadview Press, 2012. Print. Mary Collier and Mary Leapor fall under the category of eighteenth century Laboring-Class Poets, defined by introduction internet, our Broadview anthology as “poets with first-hand knowledge of rural labor… who found their way into print—generally with the help of friends or patrons” (“Laboring-Class Poets” 890). The works of these two women deliver a stark contrast to what was the common representation (or should we say, mis representation) of the peasantry or laboring-class in eighteenth and thematic essay, nineteenth-century art, including pastoral poetry and good irish for essays, visual artistry. Commonly the peasantry was depicted in “vision[s] of idyllic rural happiness”, almost euphoric utopias of history imperialism, merriment, in which the life of the peasant seemed to be a life of naive gaiety (“Laboring-Class Poets” 890). In the works of essay on crucible, Collier and essay, Leapor, first-hand accounts of the life of not only a rural laborer, but a female rural laborer, it is no surprise that such depictions were critiqued as not only absurdly hyperbolic, but terribly misleading.

In July of 1856, George Eliot published her essay entitled “The Natural History of German Life” in the Westminster Review, in consciousness movement, which she reviews German sociologist and history thematic essay imperialism, political author, W.H. von Riehl’s, books Die Burgerliche Gesellschaft (1855) and Land und Leute (1856). In her review, she describes how Riehl’s method of good irish phrases, experiencing the global thematic essay German peasantry and then later replicating that experience in art is a method which English artists should duplicate to reflect the English peasantry. George Eliot, too, described her skepticism of the truthfulness in her contemporaries’ representations of the English peasantry, citing examples such as William Holman Hunt’s 1851 painting entitled “The Hireling Shepherd” [seen below] , where Eliot describes the belonging essay peasants in the foreground as “not much more real than the idyllic swains and damsels of our chimney ornaments” (Eliot 52). William Holman Hunt’s “The Hireling Shepherd” (1851) What we see in this painting is precisely the ‘peasant livelihood’ that laboring-class poets like Collier and Leapor meant to shoo from the minds of their observers and their audiences: a peasant life in thematic, which a shepherd could freely abandon his flock to court some young, lustrous, rosy-cheeked peasant maiden sun-bathing gaily with her lamb and Dystopian, apples as her admirer’s forearms glisten in the sun. Collier, particularly, took offense to these presuppositions in her critique of Mr. Global History Thematic Essay! Stephen Duck, wondering where he had seen, since she “ne’er could see, what [he had] lately found,/ Our wages paid for sitting on the ground” (Collier 52). Once can probably be sure, however, that Holman Hunt was not the first to draw a peasant-lady on her rump, and if that is the case, it is no wonder where Duck saw many babes-a-bathing, or at least many babes a grazing, gazing, and lazing-around. Collier’s “The Woman’s Labour” is very cyclical in construction, mirroring the life of the my favourite season winter woman laborer that she finds to essay be quite contrary to the preconceptions of the gaily grazing peasant-lass above.

It is a repetition of women’s duties (that, to her view, far surpass that of a man’s) in which there is barely a moment of rest: “Early next morning we on you [men] attend”, “we, alas! but little sleep can have”, “early we must rise”, “Sol…/ …summons drowsy mortals to arise”, and “For us, you see, but little rest is found” (Collier 83, 113, 144, 168-9, 237). 451! Amidst Collier’s various descriptions of the slave-like conditions the woman laborer must endure, what seems to me, personally, the most detrimental and greatest loss of these women is, what Collier describes in: “Our toil and labour’s daily so extreme,/ That we have hardly ever time to history thematic essay dream” (Collier 133-34). The connection is obvious between one’s physical inability to winter rest, and thus, one’s inability to dream, but more importantly, the hypothetical implications of the woman laborer who is so emotionally and mentally exhausted that the thematic act of dreaming—something personally employed and enjoyed—is taken from her. Dystopian Literature, 451! This is the most disheartening of all losses. To dream is to thematic imagine and hope for the bigger and better of life’s possibilities, but Collier’s poem ends in a melancholic observance of internet, what life for a woman laborer is: “poor… recompense [for] their toil and thematic imperialism, pains” (Collier 246).These images of season winter essay, idyllic, pastoral life encompassing the day-dreaming peasant maid are precisely the images of which Collier laments there is just no time.

Leapor, in history thematic imperialism, contrast, particularly in her “Crumble Hall”, means to introduction for essay internet make example of her own magnificent imagination and creativity (and, in global history essay, directly, that of other laboring women, even in their assumed lack of formal education). I, myself, cannot quite place just what the palace of Crumble Hall means to Leapor, but to me it is of leicester a vivid representation of a servant woman’s dream-world, not necessarily a utopia but at least a creation . Global History Thematic Imperialism! It is Leapor’s to own and essays, control, one that she may freely invite us into and throughout as she tells us to “step within”, to “count the stairs” but to essay also “be careful how [we] tread” (Leapor “Crumble Hall” 35, 72, 96). On Crucible! In “An Epistle to a Lady”, Leapor speaks of Mira , her poet name for herself, and how “Mira dreams”, but even amidst the dreaming, Leapor never fails to mention that, Mira also wakes: “She awakes, alas!” (Leapor “An Epistle to a Lady” 21, 31). Leapor refuses to deny herself her dreaming, but she also refuses to allow herself to history thematic essay imperialism get swept away in it. Dreaming is a necessity, but it should not stop a woman from living and for essays, carrying on. What Leapor delivers to her readers in her two poems is global thematic imperialism a balance of the real and the recreational, of what a peasant maiden can create and what she can do with what is already created before it. To observe dreams or reality is about not to abandon its counterpart, but instead, to embrace it. Collier and Leapor seem to be more realistic examples of the poor maiden of the more than 300 year old fairy tale, Cinderella, first published by Charles Perrault in 1697. In Disney’s 1950 Cinderella , Cinderella sings what is now the history famous “A Dream is belonging a Wish Your Heart Makes” which seems more than fitting in history thematic essay imperialism, light of Leapor and Collier.

Collier and Leapor’s poems seem to ignite the irish phrases for essays same kind of feelings in history imperialism, me that Cinderella’s song does: a reflection on the importance and beauty of dreaming (whether in sleep or lounging in a field among lambs and apples), but also on the importance of life itself and endurance in life for hopes of bettering it. Collier, Mary. “The Women’s Labour.” The Broadview Anthology of British Literature: The Restoration and the Eighteenth Century. Peterborough: Broadview Press, 2012. 894-97. Eliot, George. “The Natural History of belonging on crucible, German Life.” Westminster Review . 66 (July, 1856). 51-79. Print. “Laboring-Class Poets.” The Broadview Anthology of British Literature: The Restoration and the Eighteenth Century. Peterborough: Broadview Press, 2012.

890. Leapor, Mary. “An Epistle to a Lady.” The Broadview Anthology of global history thematic essay, British Literature: The Restoration and the Eighteenth Century. Peterborough: Broadview Press, 2012. 898. Print. Leapor, Mary. “Crumble Hall.” The Broadview Anthology of Dystopian Literature,, British Literature: The Restoration and the Eighteenth Century. Peterborough: Broadview Press, 2012. 900-02. Print.

Escaping Domesticity: to the Land of Poetry. When reading works from the Eighteenth century, written about women and working class labour, it is history thematic interesting to examine poetry as a tool women use to belonging on crucible escape their life and to essay comment on or to complain about many aspects of a woman’s domestic role. Simultaneously, the effectiveness of poetry as a tool used to challenge these expectations is demonstrated. Through poetry, Mary Leapor, Anne Letitia Barbauld, and Mary Collier confront the domestic tasks set upon women and redirect any negative effects of their female experience into the creation of poetry. If poetry is understood as a place of escape it may contain secrets. Mary Leapor, or perhaps more properly referred to as ‘Mira’ Leapor, presents an belonging alter ego in her poetry. Global Thematic Imperialism! Mira, which is described in a footnote as “Leapor’s poetic name for herself” (Leapor, 898), appears in phrases, many of her works. Essay Imperialism! Leapor desires to play a certain role in the content of her poetry but does not want her true identity to be revealed. Leapor can therefore live vicariously through Mira. Ironically, it appears as though by writing a poetic self into existence, Leapor allows more truth to enter the content of her poems. In this way ‘Mira’ is able to critique the misery of a working class woman and lament about her daily responsibilities.

For example, in “An Epistle to a Lady” she describes how Mira “wakes, alas! To business and to woes,/To sweep her kitchen, and to mend her clothes” (Leapor, 898). Introduction For Essay Internet! Leapor is not only global history imperialism able to irish phrases for essays articulate Mira’s woes by separating herself as the poems subject, but allows for a mourning of her responsibilities through rhyme. In fact, Leapor is able to history essay imperialism find comfort in her poetry by introduction about internet, turning her woes into something pleasurable and creative, producing a piece of work that is new and exciting. Anne Letitia Barbauld’s poem “Washing Day” parallels this use of poetry.

She is able to describe her hatred of washing day, along with all the domestic chores she is expected to complete, while also finding comfort in the rhyme she is history thematic essay imperialism able to create. Her poem concludes in consciousness, a positive light, noting that: “Earth, air, and sky, and ocean, hath its bubbles/ And verse is global essay imperialism one of Dystopian Literature, Specifically Farenheit 451, them – this most of all” (Letitia Barbauld, 21). It becomes evident here what role her poetry plays for her personally, and how important she thinks it is. Although she must spend her days creating bubbles from washing clothes, she is also able to create bubbly verses that allow her escape from what the content of her poem describes. Interestingly, Mira’s identity as a poet has always been disclosed. History Thematic Imperialism! Leapor describes how “Mira dreams,/as slumbering poets may” (Leapor, 898). It is Mira who is allowed the subvert the everyday chores of women and dream about other things, although in the very act of Dystopian Specifically Farenheit 451, writing these lines Leapor allows herself a literary dream as well.

Writing becomes a space of retreat from the mundane nature of her life. In ENG 305, Swift, Pope and global thematic, contemporaries, we discussed the poem “Mira’s Picture”, another one of Leapor’s poems. In this piece Mira is irish for essays a misunderstood poet who men criticize for her ugliness and artistic oddness. Global Imperialism! Mira is Leapor’s version of black consciousness movement, a self portrait. or a more commonly known as a ‘selfie’ This self reflectivity is therefore interesting to examine in the context of the global imperialism references to Mira in introduction for essay, Leapor’s “An Epistle to a Lady”. Leapor paints a picture of herself in these poems as a way of escape.

Where as in “Mira’s picture” she is lamenting about her misunderstood identity as a poet, in “An Epistle to a Lady” she laments about her responsibility as a female labourer. Mira becomes a reflection of herself in both poems and therefore allows for an escape from reality. Mary Collier also finds poetry an effective way to address her concerns. In her poem “The Women’s Labour” she directly responds to another poem we discussed in ENG305 by Stephen Duck called “The Thresher’s Labour”. She constructs a literary conversation with him.

Collier makes her project known by satirically referring to the “great Duck” (collier, 895), whose poem directly insults women and underestimates the amount of work they do not only in the house, but in the field as well. Duck says that “Soon as the golden Harvest quits the Plain,/And Ceres’ Gifts reward the Farmer’s Pain” (Stanza 2, line 1-2). In a direct reference to this line, Collier responds that “When Harvest comes, into the fields we go,/And help to reap the wheat as well as you” (Collier, 895). Collier uses Duck’s imagery and ideas and complicates them with her own opinions. Collier is essay therefore able to escape her reality by engaging in belonging, a debate about it. A poetic battle breaks out. Poetry becomes the medium in which Leapor, Letitia Barbauld and Collier can confront and express the issues of domestic labour they encounter and it becomes a way to thematic essay address it publicly and personally. Whereas Leapor creates a second poetic identity to carry out thesis, her words, Letitia Barbauld makes reference to the importance of her own poetry and Collier uses poetry to global history engage in on crucible, a poetic battle concerning women’s reality. History Thematic Essay Imperialism! Poetry is the space where this becomes possible.

Collier, Mary. “The Women’s Labour.” The Broadview Anthology of British Literature: The Restoration and the Eighteenth Century. Peterborough: Broadview Press (2012): 894-97. Leapor, Mary. “An Epistle to a Lady.” The Broadview Anthology of British Literature: The Restoration and the Eighteenth Century. Peterborough: Broadview Press (2012): 898. Letitia Barbauld, Anne. “Washing Day.” Romantic Women Poets Anthology 1770-1838. Ed.

Andrew Ashfield. Internet! New York: Manchester University Press. 1797.

42 Resume Dos and Don#39;ts Every Job Seeker Should Know. If things are supposed to get easier over time, why hasn’t the task of resume-writing gotten simpler? Actually, it feels like we’re heading in the opposite global history direction—every month, we learn about a fresh resume commandment, like “Thou shalt not use a resume objective statement” or “Thou shalt not send a traditional resume to a creative company.” It’s enough to make any professional a little frustrated. Essays Movement? Fortunately, we’ve rounded up the ultimate list of resume dos and don’ts, from the traditional rules to global history thematic imperialism, the brand-spanking-new ones. Take a look, then pull up your resume and make sure it’s recruiter-ready.

1. Do Highlight Your Most Relevant Experiences. Rule #1 of belonging essay on crucible resume writing is that you should be turning in thematic essay, a different version for each role you apply to, tailored and targeted to the position. After all, your resume should demonstrate you have the specific set of consciousness movement skills, experience, and accomplishments necessary to history thematic imperialism, do the job—not just a set. Make it easy for the hiring manager to see why you’re the right fit. 2. Don’t Freak Out if You Have No Relevant Experience. Whether you’re fresh out of college or switching to a brand-new industry, you can help bolster your lack of relevant work experience by for essay about listing your transferable skills, related side projects, and relevant coursework.

Read more about global thematic how to do this here. 3. Do Optimize for belonging Applicant Tracking Systems. Many large organizations (and even some smaller ones) use applicant tracking systems to weed out unqualified applicants. The systems scan your resume for contextual keywords and phrases, mathematically scoring them for relevance and sending only the most qualified ones through for global thematic essay imperialism human review. As you can guess, this strategy isn’t perfect. To ensure your resume makes it past the consciousness movement ATS and into the hands of a human, keep your formatting simple, include the right keywords (but don’t go overboard), and history, quadruple check for spelling mistakes. (More on season essay in urdu how to do it right, here.) 4. Don’t Steal the Job Description’s Exact Wording.

That said, you shouldn’t take exact phrases straight from the job description. If a company says it’s looking for candidates who “learn rapidly” and “have a diverse knowledge of programming languages,” your skills section shouldn’t read “learns rapidly” and “has a diverse knowledge of programming languages.” Instead, find a different way of history imperialism saying the about internet same thing—maybe devote a resume bullet to global thematic, a software you learned in two weeks, or list the seven different programming languages you’re familiar with. You’ve probably heard that recruiters love reading resume bullets with numbers, like “Increased sales in Northern region by 300%.” And they do! So use them whenever possible. Oh, and don’t worry if your job doesn’t really involve numbers—with our guide, you can quantify any accomplishment. 6. Don’t Include Anything Confidential. Seems like a no-brainer—but Google’s Head of my favourite season in urdu HR says he sees confidential info on resumes all the time. When deciding whether to leave something on thematic essay imperialism your resume, use the New York Times test. In other words, if you wouldn’t want it published next to Literature, Specifically, your name on the front page of a major national newspaper, take it out.

The “quantifiable accomplishments” technique also works for soft skills. Make sure each bullet point describes a skill the hiring manager is looking for, then use facts and figures to global essay imperialism, show—not tell—just what a “skilled manager” or “effective communicator” you are. Check it out: “Developed and independently initiated new mentorship program to alleviate high turnover of new staff members, resulting in the matching of 23 mentor-mentee pairs and a significant reduction in staff turnover.” Sounds like a “skilled manager” to us! Because everyone assumes you know how to use Microsoft Word. And the internet. Use your valuable resume space to highlight skills that actually make you stand out.

9. Do Consider Volunteer or Other Non-Work Experience. Although it’s nontraditional, if volunteer work has taken up a significant chunk of your time or taught you skills applicable to the job you’re applying for, think about putting it on your resume. My Favourite Winter Essay? Side projects, pro global history imperialism bono work, or temp gigs can also be a unique way to bolster your resume and show off other skills. 10. Don’t Include Work With Controversial Organizations. Maybe that volunteer work was fundraising for a politician, or answering the phone at consciousness movement, a LGBT-resource organization. Thematic Essay Imperialism? Some experiences are pretty divisive, so read our tips on whether or not you should put them on your resume. 11. Do Include Personal Accomplishments.

If you’ve done something cool in your personal life that either shows off your soft skills or engages your technical skills in a new way, you should definitely include it. Maybe you’ve run a couple marathons, demonstrating your adventurous spirit, strong work ethic, and university of leicester, desire to challenge yourself. Or you’ve won some poker tournaments, which shows you’re a quick thinker and good with numbers. History Imperialism? Learn more here on how to essays black movement, include these in global thematic, the right way. 12.

Don’t Include Random, Unrelated, or Off-Putting Hobbies. That said, remember that hiring managers probably don’t care if you love basketball, are active in your book club, or are a member of a Dungeons and Dragons group. Eliminate anything that’s not totally transferable to work-related skills (or a really, really epic conversation starter). 13. Do Think of New Ways to Frame Your Accomplishments. Don’t have the exact experience for the job you’re applying to? You can actually tweak how you frame your accomplishments to show off vastly different things.

Career expert Lily Zhang explains with examples here. Meaning: Don’t oversell your high school babysitting experience. In fact, anything from high school should probably go. 15. Do Show How You Moved Up (or Around) at Past Companies. It can be tempting (and more simple) to combine multiple roles at one company, but you should actually be highlighting your different job titles. After all, it says a lot about essays black you if you were promoted within an global essay imperialism, organization or were able to transition your role. University Of Leicester? Learn how to show this off without making your resume look disorganized here. 16. Don’t Use an Objective Statement. There’s only one situation in which you need an objective statement: when you’re making a huge career change.

Making the essay leap from, say, business development to good phrases for essays, marketing means your resume could definitely use a clear explanation that you’re transitioning roles and have the necessary transferable skills. But if you’re a PR rep applying to a PR firm, an objective statement will just waste valuable space. 17. History Thematic? Do Consider a Summary Statement. A summary statement, which consists of belonging essay a couple lines at the beginning of global essay your resume that give potential employers a broad outline of your skills and experience, is the most ideal if you have years of experience you need to season winter essay, tie together with a common theme. They’re also good if you have a bunch of disparate skills and want to make it clear how they fit together. Global Essay Imperialism? Here’s more on when you need one and how to on crucible, put it together. While it’s okay to global thematic essay imperialism, glaze over gaps a little (for example, by irish for essays just using years to show dates of employments instead of history essay months and years), you should never outright lie about them. Instead, be honest and confident when explaining unemployment periods. Whatever you did while you weren’t working—traveling, running a household, helping your community—it’s almost certain you picked up some skills that would help you in the job for for essay about internet which you’re applying. Global History Thematic Imperialism? So mention them!

For obvious reasons, anything that’s not 100% true doesn’t belong on Dystopian Literature, Specifically Farenheit 451 your resume. Because hiring managers are really, really tired of thematic essay seeing descriptions like hard worker, team player, or detail-oriented on resumes. You should also be careful about any industry or role-specific jargon you use. In many companies, if you want to your resume to land on irish for essays the hiring manager’s desk, you’ve got to global history essay imperialism, get it past HR first—which means putting everything in terms a layperson can understand. My Favourite Essay In Urdu? Using unnecessarily big words doesn’t make you sound more intelligent or capable. Not only are hiring managers totally aware of what you’re trying (and failing) to do, but “resume speak” can obscure your real experience.

So, instead of global essay imperialism “utilized innovative social media technique to boost readership and engagement among core demographic” say, “posted on Literature, Farenheit Twitter three times a day and brought follower count from 1,000 to 3,000.” You should also be careful of using words with negative connotations—even if you’re using them in a positive light. Saying “met aggressive sales goals” or “fixed widespread communication problem ” will subconsciously make recruiters think less of you. Instead, write “delivered on ambitious number of global history thematic essay sales” or “proposed and implemented solution to season winter, make company communication easier and global history imperialism, more efficient.” Skip the consciousness tired and all-too-frequently used “led,” “handled,” and “managed,” and go for verbs like “charted,” “administered,” “consolidated,” or “maximized,” which make you look both confident and competent. Global History Thematic Imperialism? We’ve compiled 181 options of essay unique verbs to use, so no matter what you do, you can find the right word. 24. Don’t Include “References Upon Request” It takes up room you could otherwise use for experience and skills. And, um, it looks presumptuous. Pretty basic, but you’d be surprised how many job seekers put together an amazing resume—and then don’t include enough “here’s where to find me” info. This section should have your name, email address, phone number, address (or just city), LinkedIn URL, and personal website, if you have one.

Also, make sure you’re using your personal contact info, rather than your work. Because that’s a recipe for disaster. 26. Don’t Include Anything That Could Be Discriminated Against. While it’s illegal to thematic essay, discriminate against a job candidate because of his or her age, marital status, gender, religion, race, color, or national origin, it doesn’t mean it doesn’t happen subconsciously. Season Winter In Urdu? Don’t give recruiters the history imperialism chance, and thesis, just leave these details off. Recruiters read a lot of resumes, so they don’t want to global, have to spend a ton of time looking over yours. Cut it down to for essay about internet, the most relevant information and keep it short and succinct. Laszlo Bock, Google’s senior vice president of people operations, recommends one page of resume for every 10 years of thematic work experience as a good rule of belonging essay thumb. That being said, don’t try to squeeze as much information as possible into that one page.

If you manage to pack in more information—but in a size 8 font and with no white space on the page—you might as well have not added that information at all. Cut it down to an amount of information you can comfortably fit on the page, in a readable font and global history thematic, with enough white space to make it easy on the eyes. 29. Do Consider a Creative or Digital Resume. Resumes that look like infographics, data visualizations, or even videos or multimedia presentations can be a great way to stand out from the crowd. If you think this might be the right route for thesis you, check out some great options here. (Note: This is generally a better option when you’re applying to smaller, more creative shops—traditional companies will still likely want traditional resumes.) 30. Don’t Spend All Your Time on global history thematic essay the Design. Black? While making your resume look nice is thematic imperialism important, recruiters say job seekers spend far too much time worrying about it (that is, unless you’re working in introduction about, a design field).

Focus on the content, make sure the right information is highlighted, and just make sure it looks nice enough to global history essay imperialism, make the information easy to digest. Want your resume to look well designed—without the extra time? We’ve found 41 of the for essay about best resume templates ever. They’ll make formatting a breeze. And really, it’s best to stick to one basic font.

Unless you’re a designer and global thematic essay, know a lot about typography, it’s easy to choose fonts that clash or are distracting. About? 33. Do Make Sure Your Job Titles or Companies Stand Out. Of course, you want to thematic essay, make sure the essay on crucible most important information stands out and is easy to skim. Instead of global thematic essay using a different font to do this, use bold or italic text, a slightly larger font, or your layout to help make sure this information is findable. 34. Don’t Go Overboard With Text Effects. If every other word is bolded , italicized , or in ALL CAPS, at of leicester, best, your resume will be distracting—at worst, annoying.

Use emphasis sparingly, for your most important info. 35. Global History Essay Imperialism? Do Align Your Dates and Locations to the Right. This small change will make your resume way easier on the eyes. You should be able to make a “column” of black dates and global history essay imperialism, locations for each job by creating a right tab. 36. Don’t Use More Than Two Lines Per Bullet. This strategy will make your resume easier to skim (which is good, because most hiring managers will spend less than 20 seconds reading it). Again, cut it down to the most important information. Because 4 and season winter essay, 22% take less time to read than “four” and global imperialism, “twenty-two percent.” Plus, using digits saves you space. 38.

Don’t Send it as a Word Document. Sending your resume off as a .doc file will most likely result in all of this careful formatting getting messed up when the good phrases for essays recruiter opens the file. Save your final version as a PDF to make sure everything stays just as is. 39. Do Swap Resumes With Colleagues. Look at how they describe their duties and the company. Chances are, you’ll get some inspiration for your own descriptions. Plus, having some fresh eyes look at your resume is history imperialism always beneficial. Ask a few friends what about thesis university of leicester your resume makes an global essay, impact and what is boring, confusing, or too vague. If the same things keep popping up, it’s probably time to good for essays, edit.

And proofread. Global History Thematic Essay? Multiple times. Introduction About Internet? For help, check out this editor’s guide to global, perfecting your resume. Remember rule number one on tailoring your resume? Well, creating a master resume that includes every position you’ve ever held will make that task much quicker. You’ll never send your master resume to anyone, so it doesn’t matter how long it is. Just write out each and every job experience you’ve ever had.

With all of the possible corresponding bullet points. Season Winter? Then, when it comes time to apply to a job, you can copy and paste the relevant sections of your master resume into a new document. Want to make sure you’re spending enough time on the right things in essay imperialism, your resume? Run your resume through a word cloud generator like TagCrowd. This will create an image representing the most frequent words, with the thesis of leicester most common ones showing up larger and essay imperialism, darker.

With a quick glance, you’ll be able to see what terms employers will most associate with you—and whether you need to do some adjusting to have the right message shine through. Photo of typewriter courtesy of Shutterstock. Aja Frost is a freelance writer specializing in essay on crucible, business, tech, career advice, and productivity. Essay Imperialism? Check out essays movement her website or say hi on Twitter. Hmmm, seems you#39;ve already signed up for this class.

While you#39;re here, you may as well check out all the amazing companies that are hiring like crazy right now.

Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) for critically ill adults in history thematic essay imperialism, the emergency department: history, current applications, and irish future directions. © Mosier et al. 2015. Published: 17 December 2015. Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) is a mode of extracorporeal life support that augments oxygenation, ventilation and/or cardiac output via cannulae connected to a circuit that pumps blood through an oxygenator and back into the patient. ECMO has been used for decades to history imperialism support cardiopulmonary disease refractory to conventional therapy.

While not robust, there are promising data for the use of ECMO in acute hypoxemic respiratory failure, cardiac arrest, and for essay about internet cardiogenic shock and the potential indications for history imperialism, ECMO continue to increase. This review discusses the existing literature on the potential use of ECMO in critically ill patients within the emergency department. Extracorporeal life support (ECLS) is a general term used to describe temporary support of cardiac or pulmonary function using mechanical devices. When using the “heart–lung machine” to completely bypass the thesis university of leicester cardiopulmonary circulation, it is referred to as cardiopulmonary bypass. When ECLS is thematic imperialism, used in the intensive care unit (ICU) or emergency department (ED) to augment oxygenation, ventilation, or cardiac output it is essay, generally referred to as extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO).

As the global history essay science of ECLS has progressed internationally, ECLS use in United States ICUs has increased over 400 % since 2006 [ 1 ]. This has led to interest in potential earlier applications in the ED, and possibly even the prehospital setting. This review focuses on one modality of ECLS, ECMO, and describes the essays black consciousness movement history of history essay imperialism, ECMO, common current applications, and important considerations related to ECMO use in adult ED patients. ECLS was initially developed in the 1950s by belonging essay on crucible, John Gibbon as a means of thematic, oxygenating blood via a membrane oxygenator during prolonged operations on cardiopulmonary bypass [ 2 ]. Given the lack of an open reservoir of blood and extreme anticoagulation required with a traditional cardiopulmonary bypass circuit, ECMO presented a less complex and more sustainable option for treatment of Dystopian Specifically 451, refractory cardiovascular and respiratory failure outside the global history thematic operating room. Several reports were published demonstrating successful use in “shock-lung syndrome”, “adult capillary leak syndromes”, and cardiopulmonary failure in the late 1970s [ 3 , 4 ]. In 1979, a randomized controlled trial conducted on adult patients with severe acute respiratory failure reported a 90 % mortality rate for patients in both groups [ 5 ]. Thus, enthusiasm stalled and over for essay about internet, the next 30 years ECMO was used mostly for neonatal and pediatric patients with only history essay imperialism a small number of highly specialized centers pursuing ECMO in adult patients. Technological improvements and advances in other aspects of critical care have created an ECMO landscape that is very different from the on crucible early days of 90 % mortality. For patients with severe hypoxemic respiratory failure, the publication of the Conventional Ventilatory Support versus Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation for global thematic essay, Severe Adult Respiratory Failure (CESAR) trial and several reports of improved survival in patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) treated with ECMO during the H1N1 influenza pandemic have led to a significant expansion of good irish for essays, ECMO use [ 6 – 9 ]. Thematic Imperialism. Recent data show promise when ECMO is used early in patients with cardiac arrest to augment traditional cardiopulmonary resuscitation in on crucible, the form of extracorporeal cardiopulmonary resuscitation (ECPR) [ 10 – 15 ]. ECPR may play a role in the prehospital [ 16 ] or ED management of refractory cardiac arrest, cardiovascular collapse due to pulmonary embolism [ 17 ], hypothermia [ 18 ], drowning [ 19 ], overdoses [ 20 ], airway obstruction [ 21 ], and severe electrolyte abnormalities [ 22 ]. Veno-venous ECMO for severe acute respiratory failure. Acute respiratory failure due to potentially reversible processes such as ARDS or utilization as a bridge-to-transplant have become the most common indications for ECMO therapy in global thematic imperialism, adults [ 23 ]. It is well recognized that positive pressure ventilation can have deleterious effects leading to ventilator-induced lung injury, oxidative stress, and further lung damage. Good Phrases For Essays. Utilizing ECMO in these patients allows “lung rest” through more protective ventilator settings [ 24 ]. Initial randomized trials of ECMO for respiratory failure did not show a benefit compared with traditional ventilator methods [ 5 , 25 ]. In the 1990s and 2000s, survival rates reported in thematic, case series with ECMO improved to thesis 52–75 % [ 26 , 27 ]. During the history thematic imperialism H1N1 pandemic in which patients frequently developed severe ARDS with refractory hypoxemia, patients treated with ECMO showed survival rates as high as 79 % [ 7 , 9 , 28 , 29 ]. The first modern randomized controlled trial of ECMO for essays black consciousness movement, adult patients with ARDS, the CESAR trial, was published in 2009. It evaluated outcomes in patients with severe ARDS transferred to an ECMO referral center versus patients treated with conventional therapy.

Although mortality at any point was not significantly different, the global thematic essay study identified significantly higher 6-month survival rates in the group transferred to the ECMO referral center—of which only 75 % of the patients received ECMO—versus the control group that were not transferred [ 30 ]. University Of Leicester. Thus, it may have been other aspects of care at thematic essay imperialism the ECMO center, not necessarily the Literature, Specifically 451 ECMO itself, that led to improved outcomes. The Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation for Severe Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (EOLIA) trial is essay imperialism, currently underway, evaluating early ECMO within 3 hours of introduction for essay about internet, initiation of mechanical ventilation for patients with refractory hypoxemia and severe ARDS [ 31 ]. If this trial finds a benefit of early ECMO for ARDS, coordinating transfer to ECMO-capable referral centers directly from the essay imperialism ED for early initiation of ECMO support may become important for patient outcomes [ 32 ]. In addition to supporting oxygenation, ECMO may be a beneficial option in patients with hypercapneic respiratory failure that are unable to be managed with mechanical ventilation [ 33 ]. Veno-arterial ECPR for cardiac arrest. Despite advances in management, outcomes for both in-hospital and out-of-hospital cardiac arrest remain poor. Winter Essay In Urdu. In-hospital cardiac arrest treated with conventional cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) typically has a survival rate of 15–17 % and thematic essay out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) survival is even lower at only 8–10 % [ 34 , 35 ]. The worst outcomes are in irish phrases for essays, patients with prolonged time to return of spontaneous circulation. History Thematic Essay. Prolonged cerebral hypoperfusion leads to significantly worse neurologic sequelae and early initiation of ECPR with veno-arterial (VA) ECMO may be a useful adjunct to belonging essay reducing the interval time from arrest to restoration of cerebral perfusion. Data for in-hospital arrest are the most promising, likely due to the shorter interval from the onset of arrest to initiation of global history thematic imperialism, ECMO flow. While there are no randomized trials to date, observational studies have reported an about internet, association between ECPR and improved survival. In a retrospective, single-center, propensity-matched analysis, Shin et al. [ 12 ] showed improved survival with favorable neurologic outcome (Glasgow-Pittsburgh Cerebral Performance Category (CPC) score of 1 or 2) for patients with in-hospital arrest treated with ECPR versus conventional CPR (hazard ratio (HR) 0.17, 95 % confidence interval (CI) 0.04–0.68). Chen et al. [ 11 ] found similar 30-day (HR 0.47, 95 % CI 0.28–0.77) and 1-year (HR 0.53, 95 % CI 0.33–0.83) survival for thematic essay imperialism, ECPR when compared with conventional CPR.

Both studies indicated improved outcomes when the arrest was of cardiac origin. Another retrospective review of internet, prolonged in-hospital arrests (15 minutes) or refractory shock after return of spontaneous circulation showed nearly half of the patients who survived had a CPC score of 1 or 2 with the use of ECPR [ 10 ]. Other observational studies have found variable improvements in mortality with the use of ECPR [ 36 , 37 ]. A recent meta-analysis performed by Cardarelli et al. [ 38 ] in 135 patients from 1990 to history thematic essay 2007 showed a hospital survival rate to discharge with ECPR of 40 %. Reports from belonging OHCA studies are not as robust, although there are dramatic reports of global imperialism, otherwise hopeless cases rescued by ECMO [ 39 ]. Haneya et al. [ 40 ] compared ECPR initiated in the ED for OHCA with ECPR initiated for in-hospital cardiac arrest, and found a survival rate of 42 % for in-hospital arrest patients versus only Dystopian Literature, 451 15 % for OHCA patients. ECPR combined with therapeutic hypothermia and intra-aortic balloon pump placement was recently shown to improve neurologic outcomes for OHCA patients with ventricular fibrillation or pulseless ventricular tachycardia. This study demonstrated survival with a favorable CPC score in 11.2 % of those with ECPR versus 2.6 % with conventional CPR at 6 months [ 14 ]. History Thematic Essay. Similar results were reported in a small observational pilot study in Australia combining mechanical compression devices, ECPR, and hypothermia for patients with refractory cardiac arrest. In this small study, 5 of 11 OHCA patients and 9 of 15 in-hospital cardiac arrest patients survived, and favorable neurological outcome was achieved in half of the survivors [ 15 ]. For witnessed OHCA of cardiac origin, ECPR has shown even greater improvements in belonging essay, neurologically favorable survival (29 % ECPR versus 8.9 % CPR) [ 13 ]. A very promising recent observational study in 26 patients with refractory cardiac arrest, either in-hospital or OHCA, reported a favorable neurological survival rate of history essay, 54 % when ECPR was combined with a mechanical compression device and irish therapeutic hypothermia [ 15 ]. Global Essay. However, these data have not been replicated and similar studies have reported survival rates ranging from Dystopian 4–15 % [ 41 – 43 ]. When ECPR can be initiated rapidly, the outcomes for global history imperialism, OHCA may be similar to those seen with in-hospital cardiac arrest patients [ 44 , 45 ]. Although there are no large prospective randomized trials and survival from Dystopian refractory cardiac arrest is thematic essay, poor, ECPR may provide a tool to improve survival with good neurologic outcomes when initiated early in my favourite season, selected patients. While an optimistic estimate of survival from OHCA with the use of ECPR may be in the 15–20 % range, the global history thematic imperialism critical factor that determines success appears to be the duration from the onset of arrest to achieving ECMO flow.

This may be why in-hospital cardiac arrest studies have generally reported better outcomes [ 45 – 47 ]. Furthermore, the thesis university of leicester volume of patients meeting optimal criteria for ECPR, including witnessed ventricular fibrillation/tachycardia with a short interval to initiation of global essay imperialism, CPR, refractory arrest despite optimal resuscitative efforts, and 75 years of age comprises a very small (10 %) subset of all patients with OHCA [ 48 , 49 ]. Additionally, complication rates of ECPR remain high [ 43 , 50 , 51 ]. Currently the American Heart Association’s position is that evidence does not support a recommendation for ECPR, although it may be considered in belonging on crucible, highly specialized centers in patients who have a potentially reversible disease and global a short duration of good irish phrases, cardiac arrest [ 52 ]. Global History. The recent Institute of Medicine report on cardiac arrest care states ECMO is an emerging technology that has promise in improving cardiac arrest care and should be developed and essays movement researched [ 53 ]. In addition to ECPR, ECMO may have a role in select patients with cardiogenic or septic shock [ 54 – 56 ], toxic ingestions [ 57 ], thyrotoxicosis [ 58 ], or trauma [ 59 ]. For patients with septic shock, high survival rates may be achievable, although survival rates are significantly diminished in the presence of multi-organ failure and in patients cannulated during cardiac arrest [ 55 , 60 ]. Essay Imperialism. ECMO has shown promising results as a method of supporting hemodynamics in patients with cardiogenic shock due to acute myocardial infarction [ 61 ], massive pulmonary embolism [ 62 ] or myocarditis [ 63 ]. ECMO may be preferable to aortic balloon pumps as it can provide more robust biventricular support by increasing right ventricular drainage in addition to supporting gas exchange, and it can be employed quickly at the bedside. About Internet. However, the thematic imperialism downside of essays movement, ECMO for history thematic essay imperialism, cardiac support is that because of the retrograde aortic flow, left ventricular afterload and oxygen demand increase without the thesis placement of imperialism, a left ventricular drain. ECMO can serve as a bridge to recovery, device implantation, or cardiac transplantation. Small trials have shown improved survival rates in patients placed on Dystopian Literature, Farenheit 451 ECMO as a bridge to global imperialism a left ventricular assist device and subsequently to transplantation [ 64 ]. Several small studies have shown success in treating cardiogenic shock with ECMO, but there are no data comparing outcomes with ECMO versus alternative rescue modalities [ 65 ]. Arranging the initiation of ECMO may be a viable option in patients with known severe cardiac dysfunction in shock refractory to conventional therapy in the ED. A successful ECLS program requires a significant multidisciplinary and organizational commitment to ensure necessary resources and personnel [ 66 ]. Hospitals with a higher volume of ECLS cases (30 cases/year) have shown improved mortality outcomes compared with hospitals with only a few cases per year (6) [ 67 ]. Literature, Specifically Farenheit 451. Initiating ECMO in a critically ill patient requires considerations related to equipment, blood bank capabilities, cannulation configuration, availability of necessary personnel, and coordination with the receiving critical care physicians. In a recent trial evaluating ECMO for OHCA, initiation of history essay imperialism, ECMO required two critical care physicians for cannulation, a third physician providing ultrasound guidance of cannula placement in Literature, Farenheit, the inferior vena cava, a fourth physician dedicated to leading the resuscitation, a nurse coordinator to initiate the circuit, and a sixth person to infuse cold saline for intra-arrest hypothermia [ 15 ]. Global History Imperialism. Additionally, while cannulation may be feasible by non-surgeons in the ED [ 68 ], close collaboration with surgeons is imperative due to risks of vascular injury requiring surgical repair. A successful ECLS program requires physicians, nurses, perfusionists, and season essay in urdu respiratory therapists trained and thematic imperialism competent in cannulation and management of the ECLS circuit to be available in sufficient numbers to provide 24/7 coverage. A streamlined exit strategy from the ED should be established, whether that includes transfer to essays consciousness the cardiac catheterization lab, ICU, or transfer to history thematic imperialism an ECMO receiving hospital.

Predetermined inclusion and irish for essays exclusion criteria, as well as guidelines on how and when to separate from ECMO in a patient who fails to improve are important to optimize outcomes and resource utilization. Finally, when considering initiating ECMO in the ED for a particular patient, current inpatient ECMO volume and capacity to accommodate new patients must be considered. As a result, ECLS may not be a feasible option at global thematic essay many hospitals due to black movement resource limitations. Local, regional, and inter-regional networks of hospitals with direct communication with the ECMO referral center that provides a mobile rescue team for thematic imperialism, cannulation and Dystopian Specifically Farenheit transport of patients with critical cardiopulmonary failure may be the optimal solution to alleviate many of these costly programmatic considerations. Veno-venous cannulation for ARDS. This chest X-ray demonstrates severe airspace disease in a patient with ARDS. The dual-lumen ECMO cannula ( arrows ) can be seen passing through the internal jugular vein, superior vena cava, and terminating in the inferior vena cava at the level of the global thematic essay hepatic vein. ECMO circuit components and flow. Flow through the ECMO circuit starts with the venous drainage cannula (1), which is propelled forward by the pressure gradient generated by the centrifugal pump head (2). The blood passes through the oxygenator (3) and Specifically then returns to the patient in global history imperialism, the outflow tubing back into the right atrium (VV) or femoral artery (VA) (4).

Gas exchange is belonging on crucible, regulated by the amount of countercurrent “sweep” gas flowing through the oxygenator (5) and the blood is warmed by the thermoregulator attached to the circuit (6). Flow, hemoglobin, hematocrit and venous saturation can be continuously monitored by thematic imperialism, ultrasonic meters attached to the circuit (7 and 8) Percutaneous VA ECMO in adults most commonly involves femoral artery and vein cannulation where oxygenated blood is essay, returned to the femoral artery and global history thematic essay imperialism flows retrograde into thesis of leicester, the aorta. Consequently, in essay imperialism, the absence of any native cardiac output, VA ECMO provides near complete cardiopulmonary bypass. In the presence of in urdu, native cardiac output, blood flow out essay imperialism, of the left ventricle mixes with retrograde ECMO return flow in the aorta. If there is thesis of leicester, no intrapulmonary shunt, the essay native cardiac output is well oxygenated and introduction this mixing is not detrimental. However, if the patient’s lungs are failing (e.g., because of ARDS), blood flow from the native cardiac output is history thematic essay imperialism, deoxygenated and competes with retrograde flowing oxygenated blood from the belonging essay on crucible ECMO circuit. These competing flows mix somewhere in the aorta and can create differential hypoxemia (“North–south” syndrome) whereby poorly oxygenated blood preferentially perfuses the upper body, including the history thematic essay brain and belonging essay heart, potentially leading to global history thematic imperialism coronary and cerebral ischemia. Contraindications, complications, and good irish phrases ethical challenges. The decision to use ECMO requires a thoughtful risk–benefit evaluation. Global Essay Imperialism. Contraindications are generally conditions that are known to Literature, Farenheit be associated with a particularly poor outcome despite ECMO therapy.

Patients with severe neurologic injuries, intracranial hemorrhage, immunosuppression, irreversible multi-organ failure, untreatable malignancy, or those at global history imperialism an advanced age are typically poor ECMO candidates. Patients with aortic dissections or severe aortic regurgitation are not ECMO candidates due to Literature, 451 the risks of propagating the dissection and over-distending the left ventricle, respectively. For patients with ARDS, relative contraindications include prolonged mechanical ventilation that has required injurious airway pressures. History Thematic. For ECPR and cardiogenic shock, patients with unrecoverable heart disease, prolonged arrest time, and those who are non-transplant or ventricular assist device candidates are poor ECMO candidates. Essays Black Consciousness. If cannulated, these patients are relegated to a “bridge-to-nowhere”, which presents a complicated ethical dilemma in that they cannot survive without ECMO but recovery is improbable and they are not candidates for definitive therapy.

Patients generally require anticoagulation while on ECMO and, while it is not an absolute contraindication, an inability to history thematic essay anticoagulate complicates both cannulation and long-term management strategies. Complication rates with ECMO are high. This is thesis university of leicester, true during both cannulation and ongoing management [ 69 ]. Complications include hemorrhage, stroke, limb ischemia, thrombosis, and infection from the global imperialism indwelling lines/tubes. Data show at least one significant complication occurs in over half of patients on belonging on crucible ECMO [ 65 ], with bleeding (30–40 %) [ 26 , 51 ] and global history thematic imperialism infection (31 %) [ 51 ] being the most common. Hemorrhagic complications most commonly occur at the cannulation or surgical sites themselves and are generally related to anti-coagulation, of which VA ECMO requires more aggressive anticoagulation due to the risk of arterial thrombosis. VA cannulation carries a high risk of arterial injury—recently reported in 18 % of introduction for essay internet, patients requiring VA ECMO, with most of the global thematic imperialism injuries requiring surgical repair [ 70 ]. Neurologic complications such as intracranial hemorrhage or infarct are also well-recognized and can be devastating. Other complications include hemolysis, pulmonary edema, and lower extremity ischemia from good phrases occlusion of the arterial flow with placement of the arterial cannula, which can be prevented with the routine placement of an antegrade arterial cannula to that limb. Little is known about long-term complications and quality of life in adult patients who have undergone ECMO. While there are many anecdotal cases of complete recovery from critical illness in ECMO survivors, some studies report neurologic injury and long-term neurocognitive abnormalities in thematic imperialism, over 50 % of cases [ 71 , 72 ]. In addition, ECMO survivors may experience a poor quality of life [ 73 , 74 ], anxiety, depression, and post-traumatic stress disorder [ 8 , 74 ]. ICU lengths of stay tend to be long in essay on crucible, ECMO patients [ 26 , 74 ] and their costs are generally much higher than patients receiving conventional therapy [ 75 ]. Global Imperialism. The challenges of Specifically 451, complications, cost, and resource utilization, when taken together with the potential of creating a bridge-to-nowhere situation for some patients and lack of high-quality evidence, create an ethical obligation to consider the risks and benefits very carefully when considering ECMO in thematic, a patient’s treatment plan. Since its advent in the 1950s, ECLS has gone from the operating room to a promising rescue modality for cardiopulmonary failure in the ICU and beyond.

With expanding potential indications and improving outcomes, there is introduction for essay about internet, significant interest in the early application of ECMO in the ED, yet significant hurdles still exist. These include lack of essay, definitive data on thesis university of leicester patient selection, complication rates, functional outcomes and survival as well as resource utilization and economic costs. The H1N1 pandemic, combined with improvements in general critical care, brought modern and improved ECMO technology into the limelight with good outcomes in the treatment of severe acute respiratory failure. Combined with recent data in global history thematic essay, patients with cardiac arrest and shock that show promising trends, there appears to be potential for thesis university of leicester, the early application of global history imperialism, ECLS to patients in the ED. Phrases For Essays. Currently, there are no data to support ECMO as anything other than a rescue therapy in experienced centers at this time. Emergency physicians should consider early transfer to a specialized center in the select patients in which ECMO has shown benefit.

Continuing research will likely spur further expansion of ECMO with increased utilization occurring in the ED and possibly even the prehospital setting. However, we encourage a cautious and evidence-based approach to future applications of ECMO prior to essay widespread adoption given the logistical and ethical challenges of essay on crucible, this technology that has the potential to outpace the supporting data. Acute respiratory distress syndrome. Conventional Ventilatory Support versus Extracoporeal Membrane Oxygenation for Severe Adult Respiratory Failure. Cerebral Performance Category. Extracorporeal life support. Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation. Extracorporeal cardiopulmonary resuscitation. Intensive care unit. Out-of-hospital cardiac arrest.

Open Access This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License ( http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ ), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and global thematic reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to winter essay in urdu the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver ( http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/ ) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated. The authors declare that they have no competing interests. All authors contributed to the literature review, manuscript preparation and approval of the final draft. J.M.M. is a dual-trained physician in global thematic imperialism, emergency medicine and critical care and associate medical director of adult ECMO services at the University of Arizona. He is a member of the Arizona Emergency Medicine Research Center and the Arizona Respiratory Center. C.D.H. is a dual-trained physician in my favourite winter in urdu, emergency medicine and critical care at the University of global history essay, Arizona. For Essays. S.P.W. is a dual-trained physician in emergency medicine and critical care at global history the University of essay on crucible, Michigan.

K.J.G. Global History. is an essay, associate professor of emergency medicine, internal medicine, and anesthesiology at the University of Michigan. Global History Thematic Essay. He serves as the my favourite winter essay in urdu chief of the division of history thematic essay imperialism, emergency critical care, medical director of the emergency critical care center, intensivist in the Cardiovascular ICU, and introduction a core investigator in global history imperialism, the Michigan Center for Integrative Research in Critical Care (MCIRCC). Irish. Y.R. is the medical director of adult ECMO services at essay the University of Arizona. R.M. Thesis Of Leicester. is the medical director of the pediatric ICU and history ECMO services at the University of Arizona. D.W.S. is a Professor and Distinguished Chair of Emergency Medicine, Co-Director of Emergency Medical Systems Research and the Associate Director of the Arizona Emergency Medicine Research Center at the University of belonging, Arizona. Sauer CM, Yuh DD, Bonde P. Global History Essay. Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation use has increased by 433 % in adults in the United States from 2006 to phrases 2011.

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essay on thematic imperialism, power elite Facts like these, which have been duplicated in countless other studies, suggest to many observers that power in Literature, Specifically Farenheit 451, the United States is concentrated in the hands of a single power elite. Scores of versions of global history essay, this idea exist, probably one for each person who holds it, but they all interpret government and politics very differently than pluralists. Instead of seeing hundreds of competing groups hammering out of leicester, policy, the elite model perceives a pyramid of power. At the top, a tiny elite makes all of the thematic essay most important decisions for everyone below.

A relatively small middle level consists of the types of individuals one normally thinks of when discussing American government: senators, representatives, mayors, governors, judges, lobbyists, and party leaders. The masses occupy the bottom. They are the average men and women in the country who are powerless to my favourite season winter essay in urdu hold the top level accountable. The power elite theory, in short, claims that a single elite, not a multiplicity of competing groups, decides the thematic essay life-and-death issues for the nation as a whole, leaving relatively minor matters for the middle level and season in urdu almost nothing for the common person. It thus paints a dark picture.

Whereas pluralists are somewhat content with what they believe is a fair, if admittedly imperfect, system, the power elite school decries the grossly unequal and unjust distribution of global thematic essay, power it finds everywhere. People living in a country that prides itself on season in urdu, democracy, that is surrounded by the trappings of free government, and that constantly witnesses the comings and goings of essay imperialism, elected officials may find the on crucible idea of thematic imperialism, a power elite farfetched. Yet many very intelligent social scientists accept it and present compelling reasons for believing it to be true. Thus, before dismissing it out of hand, one ought to listen to their arguments. Characteristics of the Power Elite. Even though these individuals constitute a close-knit group, they are not part of a conspiracy that secretly manipulates events in Literature, Specifically Farenheit 451, their own selfish interest.

For the most part, the elite respects civil liberties, follows established constitutional principles, and global history thematic imperialism operates openly and peacefully. It is not a dictatorship; it does not rely on terror, a secret police, or midnight arrests to get its way. It does not have to, as we will see. Nor is its membership closed, although many members have enjoyed a head start in life by essay in urdu virtue of their being born into prominent families. Nevertheless, those who work hard, enjoy good luck, and demonstrate a willingness to adopt elite values do find it possible to work into higher circles from below. If the elite does not derive its power from repression or inheritance, from where does its strength come? Basically it comes from control of the highest positions in the political and business hierarchy and from shared values and beliefs. The power of the elite has also been enhanced by the close collaboration of political, industrial, and military organizations. As Washington has been called upon to play a more active role in domestic life, from history essay imperialism, regulating the business cycle to inspecting children's sleepwear, government has come to depend on the corporate world to carry out many of its activities.

Conversely, industry now relies heavily on federal supports, subsidies, protection, and loans to ensure the success of its ventures. To be sure, business people and essay on crucible politicians constantly carp at each other. But the history essay fact remains that they have grown so close that they prosper together far more than they do separately. At the same time, the Cold War has elevated the prestige and power of the Dystopian Literature, Specifically Farenheit military establishment. Global History Essay Imperialism! The United States has come a long way from the days of citizen-soldiers to its present class of professional warriors whose impact far transcends mere military affairs. The demands of university, foreign affairs, the dangers of potential adversaries, the sophistication and mystique of global history thematic imperialism, new weapons, and especially the development of the means of mass destruction have all given power and Dystopian Specifically Farenheit 451 prestige to our highest military leaders.

As a group, then, this ruling triumvirate of politicians, corporate executives, and military officers has, by virtue of the positions they hold, unprecedented authority to make decisions of global history thematic essay imperialism, national and international consequence. But the mere occupancy of these command posts does not fully explain the effectiveness of Dystopian Literature, Specifically 451, their power. Of equal significance is history imperialism their common outlook on for essay internet, life and their ability and willingness to act harmoniously on global history thematic imperialism, basic issues. According to Mills and others, however, these differences are vastly overshadowed by university agreement on a world view. This world view is a set of values, beliefs, and attitudes that shapes the elite's perceptions of government and prevents deep divisions from arising. Members of the elite agree on the basic outlines of the free enterprise system including profits, private property, the unequal and concentrated distribution of wealth, and history imperialism the sanctity of private economic power. They take giantism in the world of commerce for granted. More important, they are united in their belief that the primary responsibility of government is to maintain a favorable climate for business. Other governmental responsibilities, such as social welfare and concern for essays consciousness the environment, are secondary to that task. What produces the acceptance of this world view?

Participants in the elite tend to read the same newspapers, join the global essay same clubs, live in the same neighborhoods, send their children to the same schools (usually private and the ones they themselves attended), and belong to the same churches and charities. For Essay! They work and play together, employ one another, and intermarry. They share, in a word, a life-style that brings them together in mutually reinforcing contact. Moreover, they undergo similar apprenticeships. Dye finds that 54 percent of the top corporate leaders and 42 percent of our highest political officials went to just 12 private colleges including Yale, Harvard, Princeton, and essay imperialism Stanford. But it is while advancing through their professions that the for essay internet unity of thought begins to emerge. By the time men and women reach the top of the thematic corporate or professional ladder, their common experiences have given them a shared way of looking at economics and politics so that they experience and react to introduction events in the same ways.

When they enter public service these people cannot, as Mills explains, shed their heritage: The interesting point is how impossible it is for such [political appointees] to divest themselves of history thematic imperialism, their engagement with the corporate world in general and with their own corporations in particular. Not only their money, but their friends, their interests, their training--their lives in short--are deeply involved in this world. The point is not so much financial or personal interests in a given corporation, but identification with the corporate world. To ask a man suddenly to divest himself of Specifically, these interests and sensibilities is almost like asking a man to become a woman. This inability to divest oneself of one's past is perhaps what once led a former chairman of General Motors to declare What's good for GM is good for essay imperialism America. Candidates: Insiders and introduction internet Outsiders.

The Role of the Elite in Making Trunk Decisions. Public policies can be thought of in the same way. There is a hierarchy among them in the sense that some (corresponding to the trunk and main branches) support others. Trunk decisions represent basic choices--whether or not welfare the global history essay federal budget must be balanced in seven years, for example--that, once decided, necessitate making lesser choices--cutting food stamps or Aid to Families with Dependent Children. Whoever makes the trunk decisions sets the agenda for subsequent debates about secondary or branch and twig policies. Let's return to an issue, the B-1 controversy, raised in the essay on pluralism. As important as it seemed, the B-1 in the eyes of thesis of leicester, power elite theorists is only a twig.

In order to appreciate their contention, ask why the United States needs bombers in the first place. Why not rely on land-based missiles and submarines to deter the Soviet Union? The answer lies in global thematic, a prior decision to season winter maintain a triad, a nuclear retaliatory force consisting of land-based missiles, submarines, and bombers. Having three separate weapons systems, American defense planners concluded, provides an extra margin of safety in the event of a confrontation with the Russians. Are they right? Do we need three types, or could we get along with two? This is an important question--far more important than whether we develop a new bomber or keep an old one--and who decides it structures the debate on this and a host of other issues. Suppose, for a moment, the United States had decided that bombers were unnecessary. The B-1 debate would then be moot and resources allocated to it could be devoted to other purposes such as conventional arms or schools or tax reductions. Yet the global thematic triad is itself only a branch policy; it rests on an even more fundamental policy, containment . Early in the post-World War II era, the United States had to introduction for essay about internet develop a policy toward the Soviet Union. A controversy arose.

Some urged a conciliatory approach that would recognize Russia's legitimate security concerns. Others took a harder line. History Thematic! Fearing the spread of international communism, they advocated the use of diplomatic, economic, and especially military means to contain what they perceived to be inexorable Soviet expansionism. Belonging Essay On Crucible! The first alternative emphasized cooperation, the second containment; the first implied relatively modest national security efforts, the second enormous expenditures for arms and foreign aid. Ultimately the global history thematic United States adopted the strategy of containment, which has been the backbone of American foreign policy since 1947. Containment represents a trunk decision, while most other defense policies such as the introduction about triad or the B-1 are either branches or twigs. Containing the Russians put us on a long and arduous path over which we trod for nearly half a century.

National defense swallowed a huge portion of the federal budget; it called for the maintenance of an enormous peacetime army; it led us into alliances with nations in the farthest corners of the globe, including some of the most corrupt and global imperialism dictatorial regimes on earth; it demanded massive military aid programs; it consumed the talents of our scientific establishment and the attention of our national leaders. In short, containment, unlike the Dystopian 451 B-1, was no ordinary policy but a fundamental commitment of American resources and energies. Who decides trunk decisions like these? According to the power elite theory, the global top of the about pyramid usually does. History Thematic Imperialism! Or it has greatest influence on their formation. The middle levels of government (the Congress, the courts, the states) worry mainly about how best to implement them. This seems to have been the case in the period after World War II when containment first emerged. Most of the key decisions were made behind closed doors in the White House, the State Department, and black consciousness movement the Pentagon.

A few selected senators were involved (primarily to enlist their support rather than involve them in thematic, the actual decision-making process), but containment was never more than a fleeting part of national party and electoral politics. Of Leicester! Instead, once the policy had been formulated at global imperialism, the top it was sold to the public. Elite theorists think that most of the participants in the middle are actually motivated by rather selfish and parochial interests. Taking a short-run view of problems, elected officials have become political entrepreneurs who use television and advertising gimmicks to sell themselves to an increasingly cynical public. In their hands policy becomes a means to an end, getting reelected, rather than an my favourite essay in urdu end in itself. Most important, they have lost the will and essay imperialism capacity to Literature, Specifically Farenheit 451 grapple with national and international issues. They seem all too eager to leave these questions to history thematic presidents and their inner circles.

Admittedly, a few senators and representatives participate in these deliberations, but most do not. And neither do state and belonging local officials. Thus, instead of debating the merits of global essay, containment or the triad, they are content to my favourite winter essay in urdu argue about global history thematic essay, how much of the B-1 will be built in their own hometowns. Forty years ago, C. Wright Mills lamented on this state of affairs: More and more of the fundamental issues never come to any point of decision before the Congress, or before its most powerful committees, much less before the electorate in campaigns. When fundamental issues do come up for Congressional debate, they are likely to be so structured as to limit consideration, and even to be stalemated rather than resolved. Today Congress expends enormous energy debating how to balance the budget in seven years.

They leave largely unanswered the prior question of why it has to be brought into balance in such a relatively short time. This matter is worth noting because many economist agree that public spending has to Literature, Specifically Farenheit 451 be controlled but do not necessarily believe that the national budget has to global essay imperialism be balanced year in and year out Dystopian Literature, Specifically Farenheit 451, or that the national debt has to be paid off immediately. (See the debt and deficit essays for more on myths and realities of public finances.) In contrast to pluralism, elite theory contends that the game of checks and balances and countervailing influence is played for relatively small stakes. Because ordinary politicians are excluded from the higher circles, where fundamental choices are decided, the essay agenda is irish phrases predetermined for them. They are free to deal with issues that the power elite finds non-threatening; the big questions the elite saves for itself.

Today, of course, it is hard to global history thematic imperialism deny the apathy and introduction for essay about disinterest among average citizens. Global Thematic Essay Imperialism! But whereas pluralists view this passivity as understandable (people are too preoccupied with other concerns to belonging essay on crucible take part in public affairs), if not beneficial (too many individuals placing demands on government can clog the system), elite theorists see it as the thematic inevitable consequence of important decisions being made at the highest levels. People lose interest to the degree that they lose control. Moreover, in spite of Independence Day platitudes about good citizenship, the elite does not really encourage mass participation. Such involvement would make its control too uncertain. The containment strategy adopted after World War II illustrates this point. As noted previously, the initial policies, which were developed largely behind the thesis of leicester scenes, called for drastic changes in the way the United States conducted foreign affairs. In the history thematic essay years after 1947 the United States fought a major war in Korea and began spending billions and billions of my favourite essay, dollars at home and overseas for national security. In order to obtain public approval for these undertakings, the Truman administration mounted a huge public relations campaign to create the needed support. As it and subsequent administrations emphasized the seriousness of the threat, the people were led to global history thematic essay believe that they faced a ruthless enemy determined to my favourite season winter in urdu take over the world by subversion if possible and by force if necessary. Yet they had almost no opportunity to history thematic hear a full debate between the proponents of containment and alternative policies.

Nor did they decide the matter themselves. That the outcome might have been the same is not the issue. Literature, Specifically! What matters is that the global history imperialism chance to make a trunk decision was effectively lost. Americans were consumers, rather than creators, of the policy. Herein lies a supreme irony of American politics, Mills and his supporters claim. Foreign policy is a trunk.

From it grow a host of decisions with far-reaching political, economic, social and moral implications. Since foreign relations affect everyone every day in every way, how can a country be democratic if it takes these matters out of the hands of its citizens? How can people be free unless they discuss and debate the things that affect them the most? The B-1 controversy, for all of about internet, its thunder and lightning, is global history thematic not nearly as important as containment, which at the most critical moments was hardly mentioned in the halls of Congress or in election campaigns. Elite theory tells us why this silence has lasted for so long: The power elite establishes the basic policy agenda in essay on crucible, such areas as national security and economics. Of course, since it only sets the general guidelines, the middle level has plenty to history do implementing them, but the winter public has been virtually locked out. Its main activities--wearing campaign buttons, expressing opinions to global history essay pollsters, voting every two or four years--are mostly symbolic.

The people do not directly affect the direction of fundamental policies.