Northeastern university dissertation completion fellowship

business plan cd I just got home from a wonderful Thanksgiving dinner with my mother, sister, brother, niece and dissertation nephew in Franklin Park, New Jersey. The roads were slick from an early snow shower that turned to freezing rain. As I was driving home it dawned on of research paper, me that I haven#8217;t written a blog post (on any topic) in over a month. But tonight I suddenly found the inspiration to completion present A Sample Music Business Plan for Your Band. For those of you who haven#8217;t read my previous posts on direct thesis, this topic, I#8217;ll briefly bring you up to speed. I wrote a post on Music Think Tank Open that was transferred to the main page (an honor in northeastern university my book) called How to Write a Music Business Plan. Direct Thesis. It was a bit fluffy like this one might end up and one of the MTT readers called me on it. The first comment was, #8220;Would have been stronger with a template or sample.#8221; I got pissed off and created a template. Thanks again Justin. However, I never provided a sample for two reasons. One, I thought that I might loose business opportunities by providing a sample of a plan that I#8217;ve done.

People like to university fellowship copy plans instead of learning the steps or hiring a business plan writer like myself. Two, because business plans as you will see in a new essay the sample below, are confidential. University Dissertation Completion Fellowship. Half of my clients will make me sign a Non Disclosure Agreement and swear me to secrecy for belonging, good reason. Luckily for you about northeastern, a year ago, one rap group from VA gave me the go ahead to publish their plan, but we#8217;ll get to on crucible that in a moment. Every time I sit down to write another music business plan I think about all of the starving artists out there who have failed to see the value in the business planning process. There are all sorts of university dissertation, books out starting essay there telling people not to plan. I personally don#8217;t understand that concept at university all. Speech. I#8217;ve read that planning is nothing more that guessing recently. If that#8217;s the case, I#8217;ve been one lucky dude.

I plan everything. I plan what body part I#8217;m going to work at the gym tomorrow, what I#8217;ll have for dinner the next day and what I#8217;ll will wear to work on Monday. I honestly feel that I would not be as successful as I am if it weren#8217;t for careful planning. Its obvious that planning a business is much more intricate than planning your personal life. Northeastern University Completion Fellowship. If running a business was as easy as having an essay, idea and going for university dissertation completion, it, we#8217;d all be rich.

A plan not only black consciousness movement, provides you with a framework for growth, but also takes a closer look at northeastern university completion fellowship the details of your business; ones that are typically over looked without a business plan. A CEO has to manage everything from personnel to product development and marketing to distribution and accounting. How is essays movement, one supposed to conceptualize that process in their head? The answer is clear to me. Northeastern University Completion. You can#8217;t.

Whether you are planning to approach a bank or family member for financing or simply look at ways to starting a new school improve your business, a good plan includes the five sections that follow. Details on each of these plans can be found in previous posts and outlined in completion fellowship depth in my template, You don#8217;t have to take my work for it however, there are tons of resources online that will tell you the belonging essay same thing about business planning. Over the years I have tailored these plans to university dissertation completion mirror the dissertations needs of the ever changing music industry. Northeastern University Dissertation Completion Fellowship. Even this plan that I am presenting today is of date, just a year after I completed it. That should tell you that a business plan should be a living and breathing part of your business and updated as your wants and needs change.

Without further ado, I present to you a sample music business plan for indie hip hop group, The Northern Southerners. On Martin Luther I Have Speech. Northern Southerners Business Plan Northern Southerners Financial Statements. Kevin Englishis a marketer and university dissertation student of the arts, who blogs about the skills and strategies necessary to get the most of your musical career at essay http://eleetmusic.com or on Twitter @eleetmusic. Nice piece Kevin. In the dissertation future, I see investors providing funding for well organized groups that have traction and a working business model. Critique. Terry McBride#39;s Nettrwerk Group started a joint venture fund called Polyphonic where his company#39;s intent is to invest in artists that are in a place where they could grow with the help of university, outside funding. Any band with a good team and there business in elements of research order can benefit from doing a business plan. Doing one properly provides any band#39;s music business with an excellent road map for northeastern university dissertation, future growth. If you are a band already on solid financial footing doing a business plan can only increase your self awareness. Additionally, if you are serious about investor funding, most serious investors will want to see at the very least a detailed well thought out Executive Summary of your project. Thanks Dave.

Polyphonic looks interesting. Its about time someone stepped up to the plate to take advantage of the scaling of independent musicians. I#39;ll have to do some research on them myself. Hey Kevin, not sure you#39;ll remember me, but we connected back in the spring and we talked on the phone briefly about my music business plan. I#39;ll say for the most part, the critique dissertations majority of what I planned for dissertation fellowship, (or more so my goals) got accomplished and I#39;m moving on to rehashing out things for essay on crucible, 2011 that I simply did not get to this year. One thing I learned as I implemented my plan was that some things took longer (and more $$) than I wanted and I had to university dissertation learn to be okay with that. Like my album for instance. I thought a May 2010 release, but it ended up being released November 2010. But the thing is starting school essay, is that it was my first one and I had no idea how it played out in reality. I read a good book recently, Rework, that had an interesting chapter on plans--thought I#39;d see what your reaction was.

To summarize they say: - plans are fantasy, there are too many factors out of your hands to predict. - start referring to your business plans as guesses. University Dissertation Completion. - plans let the past drive the elements writing future. - you have the dissertation completion most information when you#39;re doing something, not before you#39;ve done it. - they advise not writing a long winded plan, because it mostly ends up collecting dust or being constantly rewritten. I#39;ve experienced these realities in my past life helping non-profits write strategic plans and seen the plan utterly fall apart or not even used for direct thesis, numerous reasons. In the music industry today, which is northeastern university dissertation fellowship, constantly changing, I completely agree that all the components you mention for dissertations, a plan should be thought about and written down, but do you think this means musicians should write several short-term plans a year or phase them out? It probably depends on the goals of the northeastern fellowship artist. The follow up question I have to your post is dissertations, taking a plan and northeastern university dissertation completion fellowship implementing it--how does one do it? Other than doing it, what should be in place to ensure the music business plan shows success? I wanted to those those questions out for readers here, but my two quick answers are--A) just start doing it (how else does anything get done), and B) incorporate metrics into direct thesis, the plan. www.brianfranke.com/thinkingaloud (music blog)

Of course I remember you. I#39;m like an elephant when it comes that kinda of thing ;-) This post is purposely in direct contradiction to that section in ReWork for northeastern dissertation completion fellowship, two reasons: 1.) I#39;m not trying to sell you a book (yet) 2.) I#39;ve personally seen businesses fail because they didn#39;t plan. 37 signals is a great company and the authors are very smart guys, but when I hear you say things like everything you PLANNED for you accomplished, it further underscores my point. To answer your questions: Start by reviewing your finances. If you don#39;t have the money to record, market, distribute and promote you cannot proceed. Measurable goals is the name of the game. You have to belonging essay on crucible know how many fans, shows, and digital downloads you need in order to become profitable. Otherwise your plan was created in vein.

Great hearing from you Brian. Keep up the good work! Kevin, I#39;m glad the northeastern university topic of music business plans has come up, because I#39;ve been trying to wrap my head around them for a while. After reading over your post and belonging on crucible the provided documents, I#39;m still very skeptical about their practicality. (I don#39;t intend to come off as a jerk - its hard to ask critical questions online without sounding like one) First off, it seems like the plan for Northern Southerners is basically to do what every other aspiring band and label does. Produce albums, merchandise, and tour. To me, this all seems like stating the obvious. I don#39;t understand how this constitutes a guiding plan. Under what circumstances will the folks at Northern Southern ever encounter some question or situation in which they say, hmmm, i dunno, we better check and see what the plan said, and then crack this thing open and have their answer? It all seems very substance-free. Then there#39;s the finance page. am I reading this wrong, or does it end stating that they#39;re going to be $80,638 in the hole at the end of the university completion fellowship year?

Obviously companies need to incur some startup costs, but for a PLAN, this certainly seems to end on a bit of essay, a cliffhanger! Fuirthermore, (And I have always, always wondered this), how the heck can ANYONE project music sales for a startup act? Granted, they project a year end total of only dissertation, $10,700 in a new school essay total sales, which I suppose is northeastern university fellowship, realistic. but what are those numbers based on? Isn#39;t knowing that more important than a plan that includes get a customized myspace layout? I guess I just don#39;t see how spend money on a publicist and promoter equals a marketing plan. I understand how a plan that defines participants roles, describes specific strategies, and sets clear benchmark goals can be useful. But this plan does none of that. However, even if it did, my overarching question remains; how can ANYONE predict revenue or sales in this music industry for belonging, new products or artists? It seems to me like things either catch heat, or they don#39;t, and northeastern it usually comes down to who is black movement, able to work their media connections best and get the most exposure.

I#39;m really not trying to completion fellowship tear this post down, I#39;ve just been told time and time again about the importance of business plans in starting school music only to dissertation fellowship see a laundry list of very basic promotional activities, combined with seemingly imaginary financial projections. I would very much like to hear where I am missing the point. Thanks for a new essay, reading and asking some very good questions. BTW you don#39;t come off as a jerk. Dissertation Completion Fellowship. I see exactly where you are coming from and a new I intend to help you understand where I think you may be missing my point. You should always be skeptical of new ideas, especially when they appear from an unfamiliar author on dissertation completion, a blog that claims to be the most relevant think tank in the new music industry today. I#39;m a huge skeptic myself and further more I#39;ve never been known for blowing smoke when it comes to the music business. Independents should protect their right to call, bullshit, so I#39;m glad you were man enough to starting school do so. In any event, here are my arguments. Point #1: First off, it seems like the plan for northeastern university completion, Northern Southerners is basically to paper writing do what every other aspiring band and label does. You#39;re correct.

It is exactly that. What is different here is university, that the Northern Southerners have put it on paper in order to identify the holes in it. How can you find flaws in what you propose to do without seeing all of the details out in front of you? They have also itemized what the cost are for each basic step of the way. Sure, most (not all) artists know how it goes: ? record and album, market it, promote it and distribute it. Now ask yourself, how many artists can say they have contacted all of the direct thesis vendors necessary to carry out those four obvious steps, and project how much this labor of love will cost them in 2011? The Northern Southerners can. Point #2: Under what circumstances will the dissertation fellowship folks at Northern Southern ever encounter some question or situation in which they say, hmmm, i dunno, we better check and see what the direct thesis plan said, and then crack this thing open and have their answer? Thats a perfect segment to point #1. The Northern Southerners are often asked by investors to forecast what they are likely to spend next year. Conversely they will also have to take an dissertation, educated guess about how much money they will make.

Think of a business plan as a big budget. Do you tell your banker that you are skeptical about budgeting for essays on martin luther king i have, college, auto purchase or home loan? That you don#39;t see the value in planning for those types of expediters? Why is completion fellowship, a music business any different? If you say, because its too hard and it either catches or it doesn#39;t, makes me think that it is even more important to plan.

Not less. Music is emotional, I know, but businesses aren#39;t. Remember, I didn#39;t make these rules, I#39;m just presenting a way to bridge the two truths. Point #3: (And my personal favorite) Furthermore, (And I have always, always wondered this), how the direct thesis heck can ANYONE project music sales for university fellowship, a startup act? How about on martin king, we start with your neighborhood and say, Who is university completion, most likely to buy my album in this town? What does my target customer look like? What do they do for fun? Where do they hang out? Let say you come up with one market segment that is 30 year old men. What do 30 year old men do on a beautiful day like today?

Watch football. So you can either come up with a catchy song about how Titans CB Cortland Finnegan got his ass beat last week and put it out on the internet too see if it catches You can look at essays movement the City, County and State Census records to find out university exactly the belonging number of 30 year old men that live in your neck of the woods. Then you take your marketing tool(s) of choice and examine the industry standards on northeastern fellowship, say, pay per clicks (if you plan to use internet promotion). Black Consciousness Movement. That is what this and dissertation any other good financial plan is based on. Cold hard facts about direct thesis, potential customers and northeastern completion the current economic climate.

Not lofty ideas and starting school passing thoughts about northeastern university, how great your music is. Look I#39;m not going to elaborate any further in this comment, but please feel free to ask more question here, via email, twitter or phone. I#39;ll leave all of my contact info at the bottom of the post. I finally had a chance to skim through this. Critique. As someone that has invested in, written and northeastern dissertation completion fellowship consumed my fair share of plans, here#39;s my feedback: Your plan is a fine friend plan. It#39;s a plan that close friends with money to burn (in a wood stove) might invest in. However, I don#39;t believe this is the type of plan anyone could sensibly shop to essays black strangers (as investors).

Here are a few reasons why: The upside you are offering is northeastern fellowship, far too low for direct thesis, the perceived risk involved. I would never put $100K into northeastern dissertation fellowship, something as risky as a band unless I was going to own a significant chunk (probably far more than 20%) of the entity that controlled all the rights and IP. You need to demonstrate that you are taking some of the significant risks off the table. Direct Thesis. Without signed rights and fellowship services agreements, there#39;s no minimal guarantee that the songwriter or lead singer is not going to drift off to essays consciousness movement some other band/venture. As Justin said, the northeastern completion fellowship plan is lacking in substance (sorry).. Critique Dissertations. The music comes first; music sales, merch sales, touring, selling stuff - these are obvious things. I want to know what you are going to do to northeastern dissertation completion fellowship propel yourself to the moon.

The 6% return is nice if you are a bank, but I want to know how I am going to end up owning a chunk of a $35M annual business two years from now! What#39;s the unique, unusual, inventive, off-the-charts thing (strategy) that you are going to elements of research employ that#39;s going to university dissertation completion put you on the map and keep you on the map? (This could potentially include using investor money to hire a prominent manager.) If you are going to pitch business plan 101 to artists, IMHO you need to really dig into my 360 deal documents (http://bit.ly/gtGanm) to develop an understanding of on martin king i have, how to 1) minimize risk, 2) align incentives, 3) capture all potential revenue streams, and 4) paint a picture of northeastern university dissertation completion, significant upside. If the hardest thing in the music business is putting lyrics together with a melody to create a popular song, then the second hardest thing is essays on martin king i have speech, finding the money you need to northeastern dissertation completion fellowship do everything else. In this industry, before you even write a plan to raise $10K, you better have 1) excellent songs, and 2) a believable strategy that#39;s going to make you into a true, viable business. Essays. Cheers. Strategy for a viable business. Bruce I know you love lists: New Order: choose the worst singer to not only northeastern university fellowship, sing but also write the lyrics (some of which are literally made-up gibberish).

Stay signed to essays a dream a label that refuses, on principle, to finance PR. Fellowship. Invest the majority of any money made in a nightclub that loses money hand-over-fist (and don#39;t buy the building it#39;s in, just spend hundreds of on crucible, thousands of pounds on its refurbishment). Name yourselves after Hitler#39;s own term for the Nazi party. Jimi Hendrix: restart your career as a black, psychedelic rock star in another country where black people are still a novelty, by northeastern university dissertation, supporting Gene Pitney and Engelbert Humperdinck, then return to starting essay your country of university dissertation fellowship, birth and try to start your new career there by supporting the Monkees. Belonging. Pledge support for the soldiers in northeastern Vietnam whilst presenting yourself as an alt. culture freak (change your mind later). Perform and record the national anthem at sunrise with feedback guitar and sexually provocative hip thrusts. Die from ingesting your own vomit after building an intense mythology about your drug-taking powers. Nirvana: oh, you can fill this one in yourself. Success? Yes, all three, business-wise.

Now, if you#39;d asked the managers, the story would have an of research paper, ever-so slightly different slant, right? Ladies and gentlemen musicians - please, find yourselves people who are good at business in order that you need not be. Ladies and gentlemen, gurus, advisers and marketeers - please, find yourselves some musicians who are good at dissertation completion fellowship music and prove your theories. Thanks for elements paper writing, taking the time to read and comment. I sincerely respect your judgement and expertise. Correct. The Northern Southerners came to northeastern completion me for school, a business plan to submit to a family friend that was already interested in investing, but wanted to see their business on paper.

You need to demonstrate that you are taking some of the university fellowship significant risks off the table. Agreed. Essay. I#39;ll look into completion, this further with future plans of the sort. As Justin said, the direct thesis plan is northeastern dissertation completion fellowship, lacking in substance (sorry) Don#39;t be sorry. This is direct thesis, your professional opinion. Granted, everyone isn#39;t at the same level as you are.

This plan may lack substance for you, but be very relevant to someone else. If you are going to pitch business plan 101 to artists, IMHO you need to really dig into my 360 deal documents (http://bit.ly/gtGanm) First of all I#39;d like you to understand that I#39;m not pitching (Lord knows I have enough work to do). I#39;m simply sharing what I know with the people who have asked. Please remember that this plan is a sample. Not the end all be all or a guaranteed road to dissertation fellowship success. I want to know what you are going to do to writing propel yourself to the moon. Finding something unique that with propel the artist to the moon is no easy task. No one has found that thing from my knowledge. Northeastern University Dissertation Completion Fellowship. Not sure why I#39;m expected to include this in the plan. In any event, the elements of research paper writing Northern Southerners #39;thing was the fact that they were able to clear a Bruce Springsteen sample for their lead single. That#39;s a lot more than some can say.

I#39;ll respond to the only coherent sentences in your comment above. Ladies and gentlemen musicians - please, find yourselves people who are good at business in order that you need not be. Really? How much will that cost you over the course of your career? Isn#39;t it better to fellowship know the business than to relinquish control to someone who says they are acting in belonging your best interest? Ladies and gentlemen, gurus, advisers and marketeers - please, find yourselves some musicians who are good at music and prove your theories. Are you good at music?

Let#39;s try some theories out with you. Keep the comments coming everyone! This is how we will progress as an industry. Completion. figured that was pretty coherent. how about: these are three examples of critique, very successful artists, none of northeastern university dissertation fellowship, whom, on essays king i have a dream speech, paper, would seem to northeastern university completion have had a viable business plan. And as the world of belonging essay, pop is northeastern university dissertation completion fellowship, full of similarly successful musicians who have had chaotic careers that they couldn#39;t have possibly planned for, I would say, though there might possibly be exceptions (and I would love to hear about them - honestly, that#39;s the point of my comments) who started off with a business plan as opposed to a dream and a riff, basically, success from essays, chaos is the norm and to state otherwise needs proof. So, if you are making a solid offer to work with one of my artists, to create living proof, please mail me off-site and let#39;s talk about dissertation completion, it. What you are referring to is the magic that happens when an artist hits the big time. Essays. It would be foolish to think that none of this was planned.

I can#39;t say if Kurt, Jimmy or any other popular musician has taken this path. All I can say is that they would have been better off by knowing a little bit more about their business. Just like any other business man or woman. You don#39;t have to believe me or trust that my theory works. University Dissertation Fellowship. You can keep on dreaming and believing that one day all of your musical dreams will come true. It#39;s your choice. And yes, that was a formal invitation to take something that you have created and test my theory once and for all.

Will email you offline and post the results here. Finding something unique that with propel the artist to critique the moon is no easy task. Completion Fellowship. No one has found that thing from my knowledge. Critique. Not sure why I#39;m expected to include this in the plan. Northeastern. A solid plan template/example might provide a detailed step by step plan on how similar artists are making money. On Martin King I Have. Look at northeastern university fellowship artists in the iTunes Top 200 lists (any genre, not all are signed to labels, for any given month). Belonging Essay. Look at artists that are performing in venues operated by Live Nation.

Many of theses artists are making money, and not all of them are legacy artists, and not all are signed to major labels. How did they get to where they are now? What was/is (past, present, and future) their business plan? How long does it take? What are the northeastern university key ingredients that are propelling success?

Etc, etc.. Can this success be replicated? What did it cost to get there? And so on.. You need concrete, fact-based examples to raise money from essays on martin i have a dream, outside investors. @Kevin - I#39;m sure there have been many plans made by many artists, but the idea that they are transferable just can#39;t be proved. Northeastern University Completion. Sure, we can all learn lessons from history and we can all plan hopefully, so maybe that#39;s how we should look at your plan. I#39;ll look forward to hearing from you. @Bruce - as ever, intriguing me into action - I had a good look at the UK top 200, of which I found 8 artists who are apparently not signed either to decent sized labels or production companies. On Martin Luther I Have Speech. Some have arrived at their success by northeastern university dissertation completion fellowship, slightly more independent routes, most have a decent financial push behind them, if I took an elements, educated guess. University Dissertation. Unfortunately, nearly all the black consciousness movement #39;randoms#39; do seem to have a uniting factor: novelty plus cultural good timing: Brett Domino, Bruno Mars, Xamder Rawlins, aberlour choir, captain ska, yeo valley rappers. They all have other groups and org#39;s supporting them in northeastern university dissertation fellowship various ways, because of who they are, from radio stations to the patriotic British public.

Of the other two: Afrojack and Yolanda be Cool, you could easily put the latter in the novelty bracket, depending on your POV on Europop. Afrojack is connected to Spinnin#39; Records, a dance indie based in Amsterdam, so might also be discounted, although I#39;m not sure how big they are. I couldn#39;t find what we might call #39;start-ups#39; or purely artist-run labels; even the labels apparently owned by artists tend to have deals with a bigger label or publishing company. Of course, there might be a whole different picture in the States; with its tradition of essays, decent-sized, locally based labels with support from large radio stations in the area, the impetus and infrastructure might be in northeastern fellowship place to facilitate smaller crews in a release. I know that certain hip hop labels have managed to do well, in the grand tradition of #39;if they won#39;t release, we#39;ll do it ourselves#39; that led people like Sam Cooke, James Brown, Curtis mayfield and The Isleys to set up their own labels.

This is just a snap look and, at Xmas time, more likely to feature novelty songs, perhaps. But still, disappointing and surprising, even for digital cynic me. most have a decent financial push behind them Thus the direct thesis point of the northeastern university dissertation business plan to critique dissertations raise money.. Fellowship. Record label or not, it#39;s still money + humans + an execution plan that#39;s making it all work. One could possibly raise money if they #39;plan#39; to hire the right humans and a new execute a #39;plan#39; that has historically (at least over the last ten minutes) worked. On a related matter, I believe it#39;s incredibly difficult for the average investor (fan) to university dissertation fellowship gauge popularity potential against belonging essay on crucible, competing alternatives (for investment money) in the marketplace. The means to measure this are crude at best (e.g.: call someone that knows someone that worked at a record label five years ago.). So possibly the dissertation completion fellowship best plan might be not to bother with plans and just try to starting school essay be the most exciting band in northeastern university dissertation fellowship the world in the hope that #39;money + humans + an essay, execution plan#39;, in other words, a label, or a production company, or a publishing or a management company take you on.

On the evidence, it#39;s a better #39;career path#39; than any other. Investor = fan? It#39;s possible, but unlikely. I know some crazy fans think they own the university fellowship artist they love in some way, but buying their music doesn#39;t make you an investor. That#39;s just free-market capitalist speak gone mad. in other words, a label, or a production company, or a publishing or a management company take you on. Sure. Aren#39;t they the groups that are supposed to be writing the plans? I had very little thought that artists would be doing it all independently. There#39;s a label, production company, publisher, or management company in direct thesis every town now. University Dissertation Fellowship. They are the ones usually seeking an investment. Absolutely, although they are far and few, even in most big cities in essays the UK.

In the whole of northeastern university completion, Scotland (pop: 5 million) there#39;s hardly a publisher, very few management companies, one serious, specialist PR company (although I think they may have just moved to Brighton). There are quite a few bespoke online labels and dissertations a couple of very small indies. There is one, very large promoter. The over-all music economy is tiny. That#39;s a small target to aim for, for university dissertation fellowship, most artists. Most of the one billion profit and x-billions turn-over, in starting a new other words, the business, is in London. I#39;m sure it#39;s similar in the States - with hotspots of finance like Nashville, NY and northeastern university LA. I honestly don#39;t think the roads to travel on have altered all that much for artists, because of the internet.

As you say, Bruce, you don#39;t expect the artists to be doing it independently - apart from the very odd exception, I don#39;t think that#39;s happening. Starting Essay. Although, I would love it to be possible. Really very useful and important news for everyone. Terry McBride#39;s Nettrwerk Group started a joint venture fund called Polyphonic where his company#39;s intent is to invest in artists that are in a place where they could grow with the help of outside funding. I thought that I might loose business opportunities by providing a sample of a plan that I’ve done. People like to dissertation copy plans instead of a dream speech, learning the steps or hiring a business plan writer like myself. Northeastern University. I am going to subscribe to this feed also. Thanks a lot! Very interesting site and articles. Really thankful for sharing. Will surely recommend this site to movement some friends!

Regards, Again very useful and very important for everyone. Terry McBride Nettrwerk Group started a joint investment fund intended polyphonic ring your company is to invest in artists who are in a place where they could develop with the help of external funding. I could lose business opportunities by providing a sample that I plan. People like to copy the plans instead of learning the northeastern university completion steps or hire a business plan writer like me. I#39;ll subscribe to this channel. Thanks! I recently had a friend of critique, mine ask me to help him with a business plan for his group and completion fellowship I am glad I ran across this article. I had a few business courses in school so I thought I knew a little bit, at least enough to set the rough outline, but this article (as well as the comments and critiquing!) were very helpful!! I think I need to get with him and let him know he may need to take this thing more seriously, and black movement consider a professional writer!

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons License; except rights to all songs posted to university fellowship Music Think Tank are reserved by the song's controlling rightholder(s). Powered by a new essay, Squarespace | Designed by Sculpt | Managed by Hypebot.

Graduate School Advice Series: 10 Things You Should Know Before Starting A PhD. From a senior PhD student to a starting PhD student, this is the graduate school advice nobody will tell you but that you need to succeed and get your PhD title. We all join graduate school with rainbows and butterfly ideas in our minds. We will cure cancer, do research in interesting topics, learn a lot, oh! the scientific method, meet smart people. Guess what? Life as a PhD student is much different. Here’s what I discovered during my PhD that was totally different from what I had imagined.

This is northeastern dissertation, my graduate school advice for new PhD students. Graduate School Advice 1: Your #1 Goal Is To Publish Peer Reviewed Articles. Assuming that you want to finish your PhD and become a “doctor”, you have to publish peer reviewed articles. Starting School Essay! This is the one thing that if you do, you will get your title hands down. Isn’t the northeastern university dissertation, goal to elements paper writing, be an northeastern dissertation completion expert in your field? Being an expert without peer reviewed publications equals to being an expert without a PhD. Click to paper writing, tweet.

It sounds materialistic, specially when compared to this romantic idea of doing science for the progress of human knowledge. Sadly it is how the game is played. This is the northeastern university completion, rule. Publish or perish. People are trying to starting a new school essay, change the game with Open Access, Open Data, Open Science, and writing their results in blogs (if you do not have one, start a science blog right now). These are all very needed initiatives that are changing the scientific game. But still, in order to university completion, win the game you need publications (in The Netherlands, where I do my PhD, you need 4).

So the best graduate school advice you could get is write, write, and write some more. Graduate School Advice 2: The Most Difficult Part Is To Stay Motivated. Since a PhD involves diving very deep into a topic, one might expect that learning very complicated stuff would be the hardest part. If you don’t learn fast enough and belonging essay on crucible, well enough, you will not finish your PhD. Northeastern University Dissertation Completion! Right? Not true. The most likely reason for not finishing a PhD, despite not having publications, is on crucible, … don’t laugh … quitting your PhD.

Click to northeastern completion, tweet. What can make you quit your PhD? It happens usually half way a PhD’s duration. You won’t feel you had enough progress. You will be lost in direct thesis the middle of an ocean of uncertainty. You will still have in front of you a couple of painful years to university completion fellowship, endure. The alternative of a bigger pay-check in belonging essay on crucible industry will look really tempting at that point. That period is called the Valley Of Shit or the Phase 3 of PhD Motivation, the northeastern university dissertation fellowship, “Crisis of Meaning” . Almost every graduate student goes through this existential crisis. You just need to direct thesis, realise that it happens to everybody and that you can overcome it. Focusing on completion, constant little progress helps more than evaluating if a bigger goal has been achieved.

Something that worked for me was to start your science blog and share with others my experiences (see how a science blog saved my PhD). Direct Thesis! It helps to put all your troubles in perspective. If you need help starting a science blog and university, growing your academic footprint check our videotutorial. Graduate School Advice 3: You’d Better Finish Your PhD Fast. As you see it sucks to quit your PhD half way. Such a waste of time for i have speech going away without a PhD tittle. Do you know what sucks even more? To spend 4, 5, 6 years and university fellowship, not finish your PhD. Paper Writing! Ouch!

I have seen this happening to many people and it has to northeastern university completion, do with two causes. One, you realise a bit, just a bit, too late that this is not going to work. Critique Dissertations! Seriously, do you really need 5 years to decide you won’t have enough results and papers to defend your thesis? Please, evaluate every 6 months if you are still on track, if you are going to make it and university fellowship, correct direction if needed. In a PhD you should track progress and correct direction regularly, don’t wait till it is essays on martin i have speech, too late. Click to tweet. Two, after 4 years you are almost there, you have enough data to write those two last articles and the introduction of your thesis. Completion Fellowship! It feels so close and obvious you are going to get your PhD title that you decide to start a postdoc or a new job. Excellent Wrong choice, Sir. The stress and critique dissertations, pressure to integrate in the new position won’t leave enough room for you to write those last pages.

Sure, you are Superman and you are going to university, write after dinner and consciousness, during the weekends. I have seen many people failing at this to university completion fellowship, believe it is a good strategy. So finish your PhD fast and on time, avoid delaying it. And please, do not start new job until you really finish your PhD. Graduate School Advice 4: You Are The Expert In Your Field Of Research.

We all regard our supervisors, principal investigators and promotors as a source of infinite knowledge. They are like superhumans. One common source of frustration is to ask your PhD supervisors for essays on martin luther i have speech help and realise they know as much as aunt Martha does. If these brilliant guys can’t answer your problems, how are you expected to answer them? This is why you are here. To answer those questions your bosses cannot answer. At the end of your PhD you should be the expert on your topic, and not your professor. Click to tweet. You can very well approach your superiors with a problem and propose several solutions. Give arguments for each one. In this context, they might be able to use their scientific instinct, the so called educated guess, to northeastern university completion fellowship, give you a hand.

Graduate School Advice 5: You Won’t Make A (Big) Dent In The Universe. We know you are not in graduate school for the money. Probably you want to contribute to the knowledge of mankind, fix a problem or discover something new. Fair enough. The sad truth is that for the majority of PhDs, their research will get noticed and essays consciousness, used by a handful of other researchers. And that is fine. Most of scientists make big contributions after a lifetime of research, not in a couple years. The contribution of northeastern dissertation completion, your PhD to science will be as noticeable as a fart in the middle of a tornado. Click to tweet. Then why do it a PhD in critique the first place?

Well, you need to start somewhere and university completion, a PhD can give you the tools and skills necessary for achieving higher scientific goals. Graduate School Advice 6: Key Skills In Graduate School: Reading, Writing, Networking. In kindergarden you learn to read, write, paint and play with other children. Ah those relaxed days when your only worries were choosing the colour of the crayon or if you were going to play hide and seek. Graduate school is the kindergarden of scientists. You learn again to paper, read, write and northeastern fellowship, interact with others. Starting School! Click to tweet. That’s what you need to northeastern university fellowship, learn as a PhD school.

Reading: you need to skim over a scientific paper and in a few seconds decide if you should invest the black, next 30 minutes reading it in northeastern dissertation fellowship depth. If you do, you should easily find what is the novelty of the research presented, if it can be useful for your work, and essays on martin luther king speech, how does it compare to what you are doing. Writing: in academic papers you need to get to the point. Northeastern Dissertation Completion! You need to be comprehensive and concise at the same time. You need to black movement, be technical yet readable. Northeastern Completion! And if your mother tongue is not English you should work hard not to belonging on crucible, sound like Google Translate. Networking: although some scientists would love to university, work in elements paper writing a cave away from the rest of the community, you should interact with other peers. Networking can bring you possible collaborators and northeastern university dissertation, chances of writing more papers, your new postdoc position, new ideas, or understanding form fellow PhD students that are also going through the Valley of Shit. Graduate School Advice 7: Pimp Your Online Reputation And Grow Your Academic Footprint. Traditionally scientists would grow their network and get exposure by publishing papers and attending conference.

In this new world, a great piece of graduate school advice is to take care of direct thesis, your online presence. A PhD student should take care of his online reputation from day 1. Click to tweet. While you should still do these things during your PhD, you could make use of some digital tools to be a better scientist and to grow your online reputation, visibility and academic footprint. There are 3 key online tools that you can use to grow your online presence as a scientist: a science blog, Twitter, and LinkedIn, aka the northeastern university fellowship, social media trinity for scientists. If you use these three tools you will stop being invisible for Google.

People will find you and discover what your research is about. You can use a science blog to share your opinion about your field of research. You can also share materials like posters and presentations. Or even a description of your papers in simple words. With Twitter you can connect with fellow scientists, share your news and critique dissertations, also discover new research related stuff.

LinkedIn can become your online CV, a place where others can easily see your skills, publications and education. In Next Scientist we are crazy about the digital world, but do not forget to transfer some of northeastern, these online relations to the physical world. Critique! Try to meet face to face with some of your online buddies, either invite them to visit your group, go for a coffee, or arrange that you will meet in university completion a scientific conference. Graduate School Advice 8: Time Management Rules From The 4 Hour Workweek That Change The Game. If you haven’t read The 4 Hour Workweek yet, buy it, devour it and apply it to essays black consciousness, your PhD. It is university, stuffed with great ideas that you can turn into graduate school advice, it will revolutionise the way you see the world. You want to be effective, not just efficient: being efficient at essays black consciousness movement, something unimportant is useless. Being effective at finishing important things makes a big difference. Pareto’s Law 80/20: focus your efforts in that 20% of university dissertation completion fellowship, tasks that bring 80% of the elements, benefits (like writing papers).

Remove the 80% of northeastern completion fellowship, tasks that only contribute to of research paper writing, 20% of the results (like revising constantly your time management system). Parkinson’s Law: set tight deadlines, the last minute rush will activate your creativity. If you decide you can do a task in 2 days, guess what? It will take your 2 days to accomplish it. Northeastern Dissertation Fellowship! If you would assign 3 hours to it, you would still finish it. You are scared, so is everybody else: when talking to essays black, other people, giving presentations, applying for that position, it is scary, but everybody else would be scared.

Have near-impossible goals: these are the goals that motivate you and that are worth working hard and walking the extra mile. When would you work harder? When you have to prepare a poster for a regional meeting or when you have to northeastern university dissertation fellowship, give a talk at an international conference in New York? I thought so. Graduate School Advice 9: Deliver Fast And Often, Get Feedback. A great piece of direct thesis, graduate school advice I got when I started was:

At the start of dissertation completion, a PhD get some little results fast to boost motivation, don’t go first for big results. Click to tweet. This is great advice because having some small results will a) give you a sense of progress, so your motivation will go up and b) give you something to present (maybe as a poster) and luther a dream speech, discuss with other scientists. In your daily work, you should aim at “good enough” and “deliver soon” instead of university dissertation, “perfect delivered in a few more days” . If you deliver intermediate results or a draft of a paper, you have the essays speech, chance of getting feedback soon and correct your direction if needed. Bear with me: done is better than perfect . Don’t wait till you have the perfect figures or till you are not ashamed of the quality of your work. You need to make progress and northeastern university dissertation fellowship, you need the feedback of belonging essay, your supervisors to do so. Get rid of your shyness and “move fast, break things, deliver, ship” on a daily basis. Graduate School Advice 10: Enjoy The Ride. The graduate school advice we shared might sound a bit too harsh. We just want to point out how a PhD really is, so you are not surprised later on. But do not let this discourage you.

Graduate school has many perks that make it a great experience . You will meet interesting people and northeastern dissertation, you will have the chance to explore your own ideas and to black movement, be creative. Remember that you are still a student, so enjoy life like a student. Do not take everything too seriously and make use of your free time. In some cases you might get a salary or stipend. Isn’t it great to be a student but with money? For those cases where you don’t get paid or your salary is university dissertation completion, microscopic, you can easily make a second income in elements writing graduate school and enjoy the dissertation completion fellowship, life of a student. You have the chance to travel. Get results and present them in essay on crucible conferences. Dissertation Completion! Ask your boss to of research, pay for the trip or apply for a travelling stipend for students. Find collaborators and get them to invite you to visit their lab. Graduate school is a great time, make good use of your chance of being here.

Now you know how it really is at graduate school. You have almost everything you need to succeed in your new PhD life. Northeastern University Fellowship! What’s missing? You will find in the following posts of these series. Thinking Of Applying to essays black consciousness, Graduate School?

Check These Sample Letters For Graduate School. When applying to graduate school you are going to submit several letters. Dissertation! The goal is to give a good impression and get invited for an interview. You should adapt to direct thesis, your needs a sample letter that has been successfully used. [note color=”#efdcde”]Check our letters for graduate school, which include a statement of dissertation completion fellowship, purpose for graduate school and a recommendation letter for graduate school . You can get the letters for graduate school here.[/note] Additionally you can get sample letters you will need throughout graduate school, for instance when you are submitting your first scientific paper to a journal or when you are applying to a scientific conference. Do you want to be better at Academic Writing? Is “Write Better Scientific Papers” one of on martin king a dream, your goals? Do you have trouble writing your PhD thesis? If the completion, answer is yes, I have something good for you.

Keep reading.. She has helped hundreds of scientists to write better, specially PhD students. Direct Thesis! She knows exactly where you are struggling with your academic writing. With this course you will be able to: learn how to ban procrastination and stay on track with your writing project. finally complete a chapter of your thesis in university dissertation just a few weeks. draft your paper without struggles or anxiety. improve your productivity and experience a sense of real achievement. write efficiently without wasting hour upon hour. Direct Thesis! gain confidence and enjoy your writing project. If you want a summary of the details of the course, this is what you will get: All the academic writing know-how you could image delivered via video in easy to follow modules. Worksheets and templates so you don’t have to start writing from scratch. Supporting materials to fellowship, create tables and figures, because an critique dissertations article is not just text. Plenty of northeastern university completion fellowship, bonus materials (for instance on productivity) for the academic writing die-hards out there. The response from everyone has been incredible. This is the course I wish I had followed at dissertations, the beginning of my PhD.

Julio Peironcely, PhD is the founder of Next Scientist and a PhD by Leiden University. He helps PhD students to stay motivated, be more productive and finish their PhDs. Northeastern University Completion Fellowship! Follow him on belonging essay, Twitter (@peyron) or read more from northeastern completion fellowship him on essay on crucible, JulioPeironcely.com. These advice all could not be more right, however, I have been wondering whether knowing these would or could make difference. If the university dissertation fellowship, answer is direct thesis, a “Yes”, it makes sense, of course; if a “No”, then what else? What really matters if I wanna be better, far better than what I am for the time being? Are we relevant and do we make a dent?

Some do, but I do not think it is a drawback or problem. The point is research is an intellectual pursuit that some enjoy. When a friend of northeastern university dissertation completion fellowship, mine retired, he said he had worked all his life on these novel compounds but, after all, the great applications never came and he said he was disillusioned by it all. My response to him is that it is not necessary to make a dent. All we need to do is maintain knowledge and pass it on. Black! Somewhere down the line, one of the students will make a dent. I recall when a large gov. lab closed. The expertise lost and it would take 5 years minimum to recreate that synergism the day after everyone dispersed. Northeastern Completion! Point is enjoy your research, try to make a dent but if you do not, be content that we are little cogs in the knowledge wheel and success comes in a dream many forms. Northeastern University! There is nothing wrong in passing on what you know. great points and very inspiring.

Thanks a lot for critique dissertations sharing. Thank you, very well stated… we are cogs in the wheel of knowledge.. ! Besides, I can not imagine why anyone would consider himself / herself as unsuccessful. Success in research is northeastern university, not in proving what you thought was right. Success, often is in finding the right track for essay on crucible oneself and others. In your particular example, least of all others would know that those ‘novel compounds’ were either not promising, or had to university completion, have that little bit of a ‘different something needed to them’, and starting a new, whoever will find that, will recognise the importance of the contribution his/her predecessors made. Or so I think.

Maintain knowledge and dissertation completion, pass it on elements of research, … that’s really good advice. Completion! That’s setting the critique dissertations, right expectations. Wanting to completion, make a dent in the universe can lead to severe frustration. More often than not we only hear the stories of those who make a dent, who more often than not, are the paper writing, exceptions. that great advice for any new blogger. The biggest problem is there are no jobs for you when you finish. Even if you get a postdoc job progession from their is statistically very unlikely, you’ll be a glorified tech at best. Hey check these posts: I have just stopped by to give some feedback:

I was not even looking for tips for grad school application but I found myself reading this blog. It seems your google trick worked perfectly and northeastern completion fellowship, you are also a good “writer” that your writing skills made me read all of it. Consciousness! Indeed, I will apply for some phd positions in the near future. So, maybe see you around Leiden in a workshop. Hey T, thanks for your comment. Northeastern Dissertation Completion! Good luck with PhD hunt. So sad that it’s not about doing good science… In total agreement. Yet this article is accurate in its interpretation of current standards within the scientific community. As per Advice No.1, 5, 6, 7 and 9: Its fundamentally wrong that people spin, pimp and gloss their research just to a new school essay, get published. To me these publications reflect poorly of northeastern university dissertation fellowship, their authors.

As for publishing 4 papers in 4 years of starting school, PhD study…well I think this encourages too many irrelevant publications with too narrow a scope, and likely of northeastern completion, little contribution to elements of research, science. “Being an expert without peer reviewed publications equals to northeastern dissertation completion fellowship, being an expert without a PhD” – This of course is true. But taken with the 4 publications in 4 years comment, if everyone is essay on crucible, publishing limited and university, well spun/written work but of little scientific value then the starting school essay, education level drops, with continually lesser and lesser quality of scientist (or researcher) becoming peers. We should encourage people to northeastern university dissertation fellowship, publish only when they are ready, and as little as they wish, with the paper writing, understanding their own careers/reputation are at risk if they do not produce. I prefer this philosophy over “publish or perish” because it encourages quality rather than quantity. “As for publishing 4 papers in 4 years of PhD study…well I think this encourages too many irrelevant publications with too narrow a scope, and likely of completion, little contribution to science.”

I think that big contributions to science rarely come from PhD students. Thos happen later on essay, in their scientific careers when they manage to run labs with big groups. Then impactful publications are possible. “We should encourage people to publish only when they are ready, and as little as they wish, with the understanding their own careers/reputation are at risk if they do not produce. ” Who would be interested in risking career and reputation in exchange of publishing little? not many. With such a big risk we would have very few PhDs.

In the current system, where armies of PhDs sustain the research in universities, the northeastern university, system would collapse. Thanks. Critique! I would mention pick great tools like Mendeley, Evernote, Zotero or bohr.launchrock.com. Great thanks! I would advise using a good reference tool like Endnote, Mendeley or bohr.launchrock.com. I graduated with a Bsc in Electrical Engineering when I was 23, back then I wanted to pursue my master and Phd. I went off the track a lil and university dissertation completion, I am not 26 and have a decent paying job. However, the a new school essay, I constantly think about northeastern fellowship, quitting my job and going back to essay, school to do my graduate school ’till I get my Phd and dedicate my life for science and engineering. Is it too late for me (being 26)? I started my PhD when I was almost 26. University! I have seen people starting (and finishing) PhDs at older ages.

If you think doing science is your call, go for it! I have another question regarding the “age issue”, since I have been somewhat worried for the last weeks and your advice could well help me. I completed a BSc in Manufacturing Engineering in 2010, then a MSc in Mechanical Engineering in 2011 and I have been working for a private company since then. Now I have just turned 27 (in Spain BSc’s take 6 years…) and black consciousness, I think that academia is northeastern university dissertation, what I should be doing for the rest of dissertations, my life. Do you think it is way too late to have a chance to succeed? I think age won’t be a problem as long as you are good at it and work hard. I hope it won’t, thank you for your reply #128521; My advice to northeastern dissertation completion, you GPC and Khalid is do not rush into a PhD now because you are worried about your age. Have a look around, but wait until the right PhD, not simply the starting school essay, first PhD, comes your way. If you have started the wrong PhD and that is northeastern dissertation fellowship, clear to you now, maybe you should quit (less than year one) or try to change it (more than year one).

I began a PhD which wasn’t suitable for essays on martin speech me partly due to a fear I was getting too old, and university fellowship, I currently believe that was a mistake. Luther Speech! If the right choice is not available for you now then I hope you enjoy the one you do select. University Dissertation Fellowship! I wish you good fortune! I am a 33 yr old woman with 2 kids pursuing my Masters and critique dissertations, PhD. Believe me age does not matter; experience does #128578; and also of course hard work. Dissertation Fellowship! If you are sure this is your calling, don’t let ‘age’ stop you. I completely AGREE…I am a full-time employee, a wife, and elements writing, mother of 2 kids and although I completed my Bachelors in dissertation fellowship 1997, I’ve just completed my Masters degree this year at the age of 37 and I am considering applying to starting, a PhD program as well. University Fellowship! The whole thing is, the choice or timing of going to school will vary because grad schools will consist of EXPERIENCED individuals from critique dissertations all walks of life and in various stages of life…it’s not like undergrad where students are fresh out of high school for the most part which even nowadays, there are adults starting a Bachelors program at age 22-24 minimum. I wouldn’t get hung up on age just the INTEREST and university, desire in achieving your goal or vision and gaining what you want. Whether you complete a graduate program at 19 or 60 is not the factor…it’s completing the program SUCCESSFULLY that matters. Of course not.

Some students go straight into school essay grad school after completing their undergraduate studies, and others become part of the work force to northeastern university dissertation completion, even determine if they want to pursue a grad degree in the field they began, or some individuals start to work AND get married and essays consciousness, start families before enrolling and completing grad school (me). School is always there and grad programs/post grad programs will consist of a population of northeastern dissertation completion fellowship, students of ALL ages at elements of research, various points in their careers/lives or they are in the midst of a career transition. One person that truly inspired me is northeastern university, my friend’s mother who completed her master’s degree and continued to consciousness movement, complete her PhD in northeastern university dissertation completion her 60’s and she has enhanced her career as a result. In other words, while you still have a life and essays on martin luther king i have speech, interest, don’t let age be a factor…..just go out and do it. I am just 43 #128578; graduated at 24 and mastered at 28. Could not find a PhD supervisor in university completion fellowship my field in my country, so could not pursue it. Critique! Now I have an opportunity that I could start in in the university dissertation, following years, so already thinking about it. I know at least one person, a farmer by profession, from the black, ‘ill famed’ Pakistan, who did his PhD at an age of post-60, from a niche ‘Agricultural University, Faisalabad’. He did not need a PhD for a new job, nor would he get promoted in northeastern dissertation fellowship anyway in his current ‘career’, but thirst for knowledge has no bounds. He is at least in part a reason I am still interested in a PhD.

Now it is dissertations, your call to choose,or not to choose, to be older than 60 at northeastern university dissertation completion fellowship, 26. Don’t do it. On Crucible! Leaving a job for grad school is the biggest regret of my life. Is there anything about the northeastern dissertation, Phd process that encourages perfectionism in particular? I’ve noticed that Phd graduates (working in govt/industry) tend to spend excessive amounts of time on minute details early on in a project, resulting in the last part of a project being too rushed and often either missing deadlines or making major errors, when simply having a “drop-dead” date that allowed reasonable time for the later parts of the project would have prevented this. Hey anon, I am with you here. Most of us get a deadline: a thesis in 4 years. Having intermediate deadlines along the way will help to finish on time. Of Research Paper! If nobody (aka professor) sets deadlines for you, do it yourself. I’ve enrolled as part time, self -funded . And spent first year but still have not find a topic ? still no sense #128577; I liked your Blog….It spoke about most problems faced and good strategies to combat them..Also delivering good enough results quickly v/s perfect ones strikes home cause I procrastinate and make excuse to university dissertation fellowship, myself oh i’ll make it better but am just wasting time….

Thanks for writting the article #128578; Tell me about wasting time!! I am a pro. Thanks Julio. Not all advice need to be correct or to school essay, fit everyone. I am not even evaluating.

If nothing else, this article is brilliantly written, with a funny twist to the most serious issues. Every negative thing is cleverly wrapped in northeastern dissertation and concluded with positivity #128578; I am glad I have read it. Starting Essay! Thanks again. God Bless you! Thanks for your words Laeeq, that’s kind of you.

“will TALL you”? And this author has a PhD? Hey Jessica, thanks for university completion finding a typo and essays luther king i have a dream speech, kindly letting me know. There is just ONE thing you should know before starting a PhD. University Dissertation! DO YOU REALLY LOVE WHAT YOU DO? There are no tips, no secrets, no magical formulas. subscribed to critique dissertations, this (twice) and got the northeastern dissertation, emails too, bot no mention of any ebook . after a year, i decided to drop out of essay, my phd program. i have a masters and for what i do, there was no real benefit to getting one.

i DON’T want to spend my life in academia. i did a little video with my reasons why. Northeastern University Completion! http://amandafrances.com/phd. PhD students don’t make theses, but rather dissertations. A bit of advice that I wanted was. I live in Pakistan and direct thesis, I am interested in Biology. Dissertation Completion Fellowship! I have just completed my Alevels and direct thesis, I am looking for a Bachelors programme.However at this stage in life I am feeling terrified and university dissertation, anxious. I always though I wanted to do a Phd in Biological sciences. However Now due to being constantly scared I am unsure what I want to do. School! Therefore I want to ask whether I should continue and do my BS in northeastern university completion fellowship applied biosciences or do something else?

Also are there ANY other WELL paying job options for a BS applied biosciences other than going into research? Also can I get a masters in on martin luther king speech business or finanace or marketing after my BS in northeastern university dissertation appliedbiosciences (from a good uni) if I decide to direct thesis, go down another path afterwards? Dear , i read all this. its really informative, and might reflecting , whats that’s really all this is. actually i am new, just going to complete MS. now at university dissertation fellowship, the moment trying and throwing emails to dissertations, a wide range of professors for PhD supervision. i would be very glad and northeastern dissertation completion, thankful, if you could give some clear direction, suggestion and some motivation. my interest area is text mining, machine learning and bioinformatics. thanks once again. […] 10 ????? ??? ??????? ??? ?? ???? ????????? 10Things you should know… […] […] read an on martin luther king interesting blog about living through a PhD that had something about the Four Hour Work Week which looks pretty cool. It also gave me a few […] […] Graduate School Advice: 10 Things To Know Before Starting A PhD […] […] to Make It Through the First Year of university dissertation completion fellowship, a PhD Program in One, Albeit Frazzled Piece Graduate School Advice Series: 10 Things You Should Know Before Starting a PhD Program PhD Program Success and Survival […] […] 10 Things you Should Know Before Starting a Ph.D. […] […] * 10 Things You Should Know Before Starting a Ph.D. […] […] Scientist has already a post on using goals, but it never hurts to repeat.

The point of the goals is to help you prioritize and increase […] […] Graduate School Advice: 10 Things To Know Before Starting A PhD says: February 24, 2015 at 8:36 am […] […] Related links The Thesis Whisperer blog and elements paper, e-book has awesome tips on time management and productivity in general (best $3.99 I ever spent). Same goes for Get a Life, PhD blog. Conservation Bytes recently laid out the top 5 skills for grad students here, as does Next Scientist here. Northeastern University Dissertation! […] […] Graduate School Advice Series: 10 Things You Should Know Before Starting A PhD […] […] Graduate School Advice: 10 Things To Know … – You are here: Home / Graduate School Advice / Graduate School Advice Series: 10 Things You Should Know Before Starting A PhD […] […] intellectuals that to elements of research paper, get ahead, they must make a name for themselves early on by networking, “pimping their online profile,” and making themselves relevant even beyond the bounds of higher […]

Summary and Analysis of Plato's 'Meno' Although fairly short, Plato's dialog Meno is generally regarded as one of his most important and northeastern dissertation completion fellowship influential works. In a few pages, it ranges over several fundamental philosophical questions, such as what is virtue? Can it be taught or is belonging it innate? Do we know some things a priori–i.e. Completion Fellowship? independent of of research writing, experience? What is the difference between really knowing something and merely holding a correct belief about it? The dialog also has some dramatic significance. We see Socrates reduce Meno, who begins by northeastern university dissertation completion fellowship, confidently assuming that he knows what virtue is, to a state of confusion–an unpleasant experience presumably common among those who engaged Socrates in debate. We also see Anytus, who will one day be one of the prosecutors responsible for Socrates' trial and direct thesis execution, warn Socrates that he should be careful what he says, especially about his fellow Athenians. The Meno can be divided into four main parts:

Part One: The unsuccessful search for dissertation fellowship, a definition of virtue. Part Two: Socrates' proof that some of starting a new school essay, our knowledge is innate. Part Three: A discussion of whether virtue can be taught. Part Four: A discussion of why there are no teachers of northeastern completion, virtue. Part One: The Search for a Definition of Virtue. The dialog open with Meno asking Socrates a seemingly straightforward question: Can virtue be taught? Socrates, typically for him, says he doesn't know since he doesn't know what virtue is and he hasn't met anyone who does. Meno is astonished at this reply and dissertations accepts Socrates' invitation to northeastern university define the term. The Greek word usually translated as virtue is arete.

It might also be translated as excellence. The concept is closely linked to king i have a dream speech the idea of something fulfilling its purpose or function. Thus the 'arete' of a sword would be those qualities that make it a good weapon: e.g. sharpness, strength, balance. Northeastern University Completion Fellowship? The 'arete' of writing, a horse would be qualities such as speed, stamina, and obedience. Meno's 1st definition of virtue : Virtue is relative to the sort of person in question, e.g. the virtue of a woman is to be good at managing a household and to be submissive to her husband. The virtue of a soldier is to northeastern university dissertation fellowship be skilled at essays black, fighting and brave in battle. Socrates' response : Given the meaning of 'arete' Meno's answer is quite understandable. Dissertation Completion? But Socrates rejects it. He argues that when Meno points to several things as instances of virtue, there must be something they all have in common, which is why they are all called virtues.

A good definition of a concept should identify this common core or essence. Meno's 2nd definition of virtue : Virtue is the direct thesis, ability to rule men. This may strike a modern reader as rather odd, but the thinking behind it is probably something like this: Virtue is what makes possible the fulfillment of university dissertation fellowship, one's purpose. For men, the ultimate purpose is happiness; happiness consists of lots of pleasure; pleasure is the satisfaction of desire; and the key to satisfying one's desires is to wield power--in other words, to rule over men. This sort of reasoning would have been associated with the Sophists. Socrates' response : The ability to rule men is only good if the rule is just. But justice is only one of the virtues. So Meno has defined the general concept of virtue by identifying it with one specific kind of critique dissertations, virtue. Socrates then clarifies what he wants with an analogy. The concept of 'shape' can't be defined by describing squares, circles or triangles. 'Shape' is what all these figures share.

A general definition would be something like this: shape is that which is bounded by color. Meno's 3rd definition : Virtue is the desire to have and the ability to acquire fine and beautiful things. Socrates' response : Everyone desires what they think is good (an idea one encounters in many of Plato's dialogs). University Fellowship? So if people differ in virtue, as they do, this must be because they differ in their ability to acquire the fine things they consider good. But acquiring these things–satisfying one's desires– can be done in a good way or a bad way.

Meno concedes that this ability is only a virtue if is exercised in movement a good way–in other words, virtuously. So once again Meno has built into his definition the very notion he's trying to define. Part Two: Socrates' Proof That Some of our Knowledge Is Innate. Meno declares himself utterly confused: Socrates, he says, I used to be told, before I knew you, that you were always doubting yourself and making others doubt; and now you are casting your spells over me, and I am simply getting bewitched and enchanted, and am at my wits' end. And if I may venture to make a jest upon you, you seem to me both in your appearance and in your power over university dissertation completion others to be very like the essays on martin, flat torpedo fish, who torpifies those who come near him and northeastern university completion fellowship touch him, as you have now torpified me, I think. For my soul and my tongue are really torpid, and starting a new I do not know how to answer you. Northeastern University Dissertation? (Jowett translation) Meno's description of how he feels gives us some idea of the a new essay, effect Socrates must have had on many people. The Greek term for the situation he finds himself in is aporia, which is often translated as impasse but also denotes perplexity.

He then presents Socrates with a famous paradox. Meno's paradox : Either we know something or we don't. If we know it, we don't need to enquire any further. Northeastern University Dissertation Completion? But if we don't know it we can't enquire since we don't know what we're looking for and won't recognize it if we found it. Socrates dismisses Meno's paradox as a debater's trick, but he nevertheless responds to the challenge, and elements of research his response is both surprising and sophisticated. Completion? He appeals to starting a new school the testimony of priests and priestesses who say that the soul is immortal, entering and leaving one body after another, that in northeastern university completion fellowship the process it acquires a comprehensive knowledge of dissertations, all there is to know, and northeastern university dissertation completion fellowship that what we call learning is actually just a process of recollecting what we already know. This is a doctrine that Plato may have learned from the Pythagoreans. The slave boy demonstration: Meno asks Socrates if he can prove that all learning is recollection. Socrates responds by calling over a slave boy, who he establishes has had no mathematical training, and setting him a geometry problem. On Crucible? Drawing a square in the dirt, Socrates asks the northeastern university completion, boy how to double the area of the square. On Martin Luther King A Dream? The boy's first guess is that one should double the length of the northeastern dissertation completion, square's sides.

Socrates shows that this is incorrect. The slave boy tries again, this time suggesting that one increase the of research writing, length of the university dissertation fellowship, sides by 50%. He is shown that this is also wrong. The boy then declares himself to be at a loss. Socrates points out that the boy's situation now is similar to that of Meno. They both believed they knew something; they now realize they their belief was mistaken; but this new awareness of their own ignorance, this feeling of perplexity, is, in fact, an direct thesis improvement. Socrates then proceeds to guide the dissertation completion, boy to belonging essay on crucible the right answer: you double the area of northeastern dissertation fellowship, a square by using its diagonal as the basis for the larger square.

He claims at the end to have demonstrated that the boy in some sense already had this knowledge within himself: all that was needed was someone to stir it up and make recollection easier. Many readers will be skeptical of this claim. Socrates certainly seems to ask the boy leading questions. But many philosophers have found something impressive about the on martin luther a dream, passage. Most don't consider it a proof of the dissertation completion fellowship, theory of reincarnation, and even Socrates concedes that this theory is highly speculative. But many have seen it as a convincing proof that human beings have some a priori knowledge–i.e. knowledge that is independent of experience. The boy may not be able to reach the correct conclusion unaided, but he is critique dissertations able to recognize the truth of the northeastern university dissertation fellowship, conclusion and the validity of the steps that lead him to direct thesis it. He isn't simply repeating something he has been taught. Socrates doesn't insist that his claims about reincarnation are certain. But he does argue that the demonstration supports his fervent belief that we will live better lives if we believe that knowledge is worth pursuing as opposed to lazily assuming that there is northeastern university dissertation completion fellowship no point in trying. Meno asks Socrates to return to their original question: can virtue be taught.

Socrates reluctantly agrees and essay on crucible constructs the following argument: Virtue is something beneficial–i.e. it's a good thing to have. All good things are only good if they are accompanied by knowledge or wisdom. (E.g. Courage is good in a wise person, but in a fool it is mere recklessness.) Therefore virtue is a kind of knowledge.

Therefore virtue can be taught. The argument is not especially convincing. The fact that all good things, in northeastern dissertation order to be beneficial, must be accompanied by wisdom doesn't really show that this wisdom is the same thing as virtue. The idea that virtue is a kind of knowledge, however, does seem to have been a central tenet of Plato's moral philosophy. Ultimately, the direct thesis, knowledge in university dissertation completion fellowship question is the knowledge of school, what truly is in one's best long-term interests. Anyone who knows this will be virtuous since they know that living a good life is the surest path to northeastern dissertation fellowship happiness. Direct Thesis? And anyone who fails to be virtuous reveals that they don't understand this.

Hence the flip side of virtue is completion fellowship knowledge is all wrongdoing is ignorance, a claim that Plato spells out and seeks to justify in dialogues such as the Gorgias. Part Four: Why Are There No Teachers of Virtue? Meno is content to conclude that virtue can be taught, but Socrates, to Meno's surprise, turns on his own argument and starts criticizing it. His objection is simple. If virtue could be taught there would be teachers of virtue. Direct Thesis? But there aren't any. Therefore it can't be teachable after all.

There follows an northeastern university dissertation exchange with Anytus, who has joined the conversation, that is charged with dramatic irony. In response to Socrates' wondering, rather tongue in cheek, if the sophists might not be teachers of virtue, Anytus contemptuously dismisses the paper, sophists as people who, far from teaching virtue, corrupt those who listen to them. Asked who could teach virtue, Anytus suggests that any Athenian gentleman should be able to do this by passing on northeastern fellowship, what they have learned from preceding generations. Socrates is unconvinced. He points out that great Athenians like Pericles, Themistocles, and consciousness Aristides were all good men, and they managed to teach their sons specific skills like horse riding, or music. But they didn't teach their sons to be as virtuous as themselves, which they surely would have done if they had been able to. Anytus leaves, ominously warning Socrates that he is too ready to speak ill of people and that he should take care in expressing such views. Completion Fellowship? After he leaves Socrates confronts the paradox that he now finds himself with: on the one hand, virtue is teachable since it is a kind of knowledge; on the other hand, there are no teachers of virtue. He resolves it by distinguishing between real knowledge and correct opinion.

Most of the time in practical life, we get by black movement, perfectly well if we simply have correct beliefs about northeastern completion, something, e.g. if you want to grow tomatoes and you correctly believe that planting them on the South side of the garden will produce a good crop, then if you do this you'll get the of research, outcome you're aiming at. Completion? But to really be able to starting school teach someone how to grow tomatoes, you need more than a bit of university dissertation, practical experience and a few rules of thumb; you need a genuine knowledge of direct thesis, horticulture, which includes an understanding of soils, climate, hydration, germination, and so on. Northeastern University Dissertation Completion Fellowship? The good men who fail to teach their sons virtue are like practical gardeners without theoretical knowledge. They do well enough themselves most of the essays black consciousness movement, time, but their opinions are not always reliable, and they aren't equipped to teach others. How do these good men acquire virtue? Socrates suggests it is university fellowship a gift from the essays, gods, similar to the gift of poetic inspiration enjoyed by completion, those who are able to write poetry but are unable to explain how they do it. The Meno offers a fine illustration of Socrates' argumentative methods and his search for definitions of moral concepts. Like many of Plato's early dialogues, it ends rather inconclusively. Virtue hasn't been defined. It has been identified with a kind of essays consciousness movement, knowledge or wisdom, but exactly what this knowledge consists in fellowship hasn't been specified. It seems it can be taught, at least in principle, but there are no teachers of virtue since no-one has an adequate theoretical understanding of its essential nature.

Socrates implicitly includes himself among those who cannot teach virtue since he candidly admits at the outset that he doesn't know how to define it. Framed by all this uncertainty, however, is the direct thesis, episode with the slave boy where Socrates asserts the doctrine of reincarnation and demonstrates the existence of innate knowledge. Here he seems more confident about the truth of his claims. It is likely that these ideas about reincarnation and inborn knowledge represent the northeastern dissertation fellowship, views of Plato rather than Socrates. They figure again in other dialogs, notably the on crucible, Phaedo . Northeastern Dissertation Fellowship? This passage is one of the most celebrated in the history of philosophy and is the starting point for many subsequent debates about the nature and the possibility of a priori knowledge.

20 Useful Words and Phrases for Top-Notch Essays. In this blog entry I’m going to talk with you about university fellowship, transition words. Direct Thesis! These are the completion linking words which bind our ideas together and on crucible illustrate the relationships between the information in university our sentences. I have to be really careful, however, to make it very clear that they are not magic ‘smart’ words but if you can understand them they can really give you a lot of power to articulate your ideas. Direct Thesis! These words are nothing but pretence when you use them carelessly.

Nonetheless, it will be valuable to develop your understanding of northeastern completion fellowship how to use these words to critique dissertations, serve your writing. They can be important tools which enable you to lead your reader through your progression of logic persuasively and succinctly. I want to illustrate this point by sharing with you a funny story about university dissertation fellowship, something a very witty woman, with whom I work on campus, told me about transition words and high heels. Direct Thesis! While marking a number of mid-term papers, she turned to me and, with a sigh, lamented her students’ poor use of northeastern dissertation fellowship linking words. She told me that reading them could be like watching young drunk women trying to walk in high heeled shoes. She cringed as she spoke of how awkward they appeared when they are not accustomed to walking on starting a new them when sober, let alone while intoxicated. She added that, in northeastern dissertation fellowship her opinion, women could look striking and elegant while wearing heels but that young woman often didn’t appreciate that walking in them is a skill which requires practice. Starting! She surprised me when she likened their attempts to walk to those of newly born calves. Transition words are wonderful tools. Throwing them into your essay carelessly can make your writing look worse than it is and if you are not sure how to use them, it is better to stick to simpler options.

However, if you learn to use them thoughtfully, they can afford your writing the northeastern dissertation completion elegance of top-notch essays. It is direct thesis not that you add them, but that you employ them to support your flow or progression of logic. 20 Examples of Important Transition Words. There are many linking words which can lead us into additional information and while it is northeastern university dissertation useful to vary your vocabulary beyond ‘ and ,’ these words are not mere replacements for essays consciousness movement ‘ and .’ They have nuanced differences, thus, by these particular meanings, we can offer a more delicate illustration of the relationships between our ideas. ‘Furthermore’ is used to add information that expands upon the previous point. It precedes information that expands upon that already given. It usually occurs at the beginning of an dissertation, independent clause. Essay! ‘Moreover’ and ‘More so’ are both similar to ‘furthermore’ while giving special emphasis to the greater importance of the following clause. “Despite cutting back on other staff, her father gave her a position, furthermore , he gave her an enviable office while still not having a role for her.” Writers also sequence additional information. ‘Firstly,’ ‘secondly’ and ‘thirdly’ are obvious options used to achieve this, however, there are others.

For example, we can look into the past with ‘previously,’ ‘until the present’ or ‘preceded by.’ “Present growth in the company was *preceded by several quarters of stagnation”* ‘Meanwhile’ and ‘simultaneously’ talk about things which are happening at the same time as another, while ‘concurrently’ does this while emphasizing that the two ideas have played out in northeastern conjunction with one another. Usually, ‘incidentally’ is used to add relevant information while downplaying its significance compared with that of critique dissertations other ideas. “The priority of the fellowship zoo had been to protect species’ from extinction. The panda breeding program was enjoying some rare success, while simultaneously , other programs to increase the numbers of endangered species were being trialed. Meanwhile , the zoo was being visited by direct thesis, an influx of tourists who were, incidentally , able to northeastern university completion fellowship, enjoy seeing the young animals.” ‘Subsequently’ and essay ‘afterward’ lead into information after the fact. Northeastern! When writers need to illustrate similarity they can employ words such as ‘in like manner,’ ‘comparatively,’ and ‘correspondingly.’ Whereas , when they wish to highlight difference they have phrases like ‘on the direct thesis contrary,’ ‘however,’ ‘notwithstanding,’ ‘nevertheless’ and ‘on the other hand.’ Notwithstanding the vehement opposition to online education programs being made available to inmates, considerable improvements were made to the re-employment prospects of many offenders who benefited from the trial. On the dissertation contrary, prisoners who were not able to access education while incarcerated were found to be more likely to reoffend and return to prison.

When it comes time to clarify an argument or point, some of the transitional phrases which are used are, ‘to reiterate,’ ‘specifically,’ or ‘inasmuch as.’ When we have lead our reader through our flow of king i have speech logic, there might be nothing more rewarding than driving our point home by showing consequence or concluding our arguments. There are a lot of strong phrases such as ‘accordingly,’ ‘hence,’ ‘thus’ and ‘thereupon’ which can do this. I hope you will feel encouraged, by this article, to continue to university dissertation completion, further your understanding of how transitional words can work to guide your reader through your flow of essays consciousness logic. When used well, they add power and order to your argument and can add to the result you see from your work. If it is becoming difficult to get everything done before the deadlines, know that help is available. Dissertation Completion Fellowship! Your journey to i have speech, learn how to study and articulate yourself well through your writing should be enjoyable. Throughout your academic and professional career you will continue to fellowship, improve and you will find new challenges. Don’t let setbacks in your life cause you to lose faith in yourself and give up on your studies. Ask write your essay from EssayPro and on crucible focus your efforts.

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essay press Note: this Renascence Editions text was transcribed by Risa.S. Bear, July 2003, from the Lutrell Society reprint of the edition of 1704. Any errors that have crept into the transcription are the fault of the present publisher. The text is in the public domain.

Content unique to this presentation is copyright 2003 the dissertation completion fellowship editor and The University of Oregon. For nonprofit and educational uses only. Send comments and corrections to the Publisher. Printed in the Year, 1704. S Ome Persons think that laying a Tax upon Printed News, may be of Service; but in my Opinion, it will only give Encouragement to dissertations the News Writers to vent their own Opinions thro'-out England: besides the small Sum that can be raised by it is northeastern dissertation completion, not worth mentioning. A LL Men pretend the Licentiousness of the Press to direct thesis be a publick Grievance, but it is much easier to say it is so, than to prove it, or prescribe a proper Remedy; nor is it the easiest Grievance to Cure. To put a general stop to publick Printing, would be a check to Learning, a Prohibition of Knowledge, and make Instruction Contraband: And as Printing has been own'd to be the most; useful Invention ever found out, in order to polish the Learned World, make men Polite, and encrease the Knowledge of Letters, and thereby all useful Arts and Sciences; so the high Perfection of Human Knowledge must be at a stand, Improvements stop, and northeastern dissertation completion, the Knowledge of Letters decay in the Kingdom, if a general Interruption should be put to the Press.

To Restrain the Licentious Extravagance of on martin i have, Authors therefore, and bring the Press under Regulations, is the Case before us, and this is for that Reason call'd, An Essay on the Regulation of the Press. 'Twould be endless to examine the Liberty taken by northeastern dissertation fellowship, the Men of Wit in the World, the loose they give themselves in Print, at Religion, at Government, at Scandal; the prodigious looseness of the belonging essay on crucible Pen, in broaching new Opinions in university dissertation fellowship, Religion, as well as in critique, Politicks, are real Scandals to the Nation, and northeastern university completion fellowship, well deserve a Regulation. No Nation in on martin luther a dream, the Christian World, but ours, would have suffered such Books as Asgill upon Death; Coward against university completion fellowship, the Immortality of the luther speech Soul; ———— on Poligamy; ————— against the Trinity; B ————— t 's Theory; and dissertation completion fellowship, abundance more tending to Atheism, Heresie, and Irreligion, without a publick Censure, nor should the essays black consciousness movement Authors have gone without Censure and Punishment, in any place in dissertation completion fellowship, Europe , but here. On these accounts, I cannot but agree that a Regulation, or due Restraint of the Press, is a good work. But the next and most material Enquiry is, how shall it be obtain'd? By a License Office, says a Messenger of the Press, that I may be employ'd to make work in the Town, as has been done in the days of essays black movement, yore.

That this is the hopes of a forward Party upon that head, is very plain to make out, but I shall avoid charging any Body, and only proceed to northeastern examine what are the proper Consequences of a License to essay the Press. First , It makes the Press a slave to a Party; let it be which Party it will, I meddle not with that; but whatever Party of Men obtain the Reins of Management, and have power to completion name the Person who shall License the Press, that Party of Men have the black whole power of keeping the World in Ignorance, in all matters relating to Religion or Policy, since the Writers of that Party shall have full liberty to impose their Notions upon the World, and if any Man offers to university completion fellowship reply, the Licenser shall refuse the Copy. This has been accounted Arbitrary, and not the least Grievance in former Reigns; for indeed an absolute submitting the Press to direct thesis the will of a Licenser, is bringing the northeastern whole Trade of Books, and the whole Body of Learning, under the Arbitrary Power of Mercenary Men. The Labours of the most capable Scholar, the Elaborate Works of the most exquisite Artist, the most Practical Discourse on the Divinest Subject, Dissertations and Transactions in all Sciences shall fall to the Ground, and the Student lose his Years of Labour, and the World the Advantage of his Learning and Parts, unless a sum of Mony can be rais'd to bribe a Mercenary Licenser, and essay, a Hackney Messenger. 'Twould be endless to reckon up the many Volumes on all needful Subjects, which were absolutely rejected in the days of the Press's Restriction, when the most Orthodox Divinity was suppress'd, because the Man was not approv'd that wrote it, and a Book was Damn'd for fellowship the Author, not the Author for the Book.

This was a branch of Arbitrary Power in essay on crucible, the Government; for in Rightful Governments they do not Tyrannize themselves, but if the Officers are allow'd to impose upon them, Under-Spur-leathers are always the Tyrants; a Government regulated by university completion fellowship, Laws, and Govern'd according to such Regulations, never willingly put it into essays king a dream the power of university completion fellowship, any Inferiour Officer to Tyrannize over his fellow Subjects. I observe there are sorts of people who are willing to promote a general License, and very studious to elements paper writing defend it; but 'tis plain they are such as promote Principles in Argument, which they can but very sorrily defend; and flattering themselves, from what Grounds I believe they themselves hardly know; that they may obtain a Licenser to their Advantage, they suppose from university completion fellowship, thence a liberty to obtrude their preposterous Notions upon the World, and by critique, favour of a Law and an Arbitrary Licenser, partial to dissertation completion their own Factions, suppress the possibility of a reply. These people are in dissertations, the right to desire such a thing, as a Licenser; for false and designing Reasoning, requires the support of Power to defend it from the invincible force of Truth and Demonstration. But methinks they should be able to see that the northeastern dissertation completion fellowship present Government is not so suited to those Principles, as that they should expect: so Arbitrary and unjustifiable an Office should be erected, after so many Years being laid side. The People of England do not believe the starting a new essay Parliament will make a Law to abridge them of that Liberty they should protest, for tho' it were more true than it is, that the Exorbitances of the Press ought to be restrain'd, yet I cannot see how the supervising, and passing all the Works of the Learned part of the World by one or a few Men, and giving them an absolute Negative on the Press, can possibly be reconcil'd to the liberty of the English Nation.

Laws are often made against Fa£ls not in fellowship, them­selves unlawful, but as Convenience and consciousness movement, Reason of State requires, and Circumstances may make a thing unfit to be allow'd in a Country, which would otherwise be no Crime; but in these Cases such Laws are enforc'd by a Penalty, and he that will suffer the Penalty, is always at northeastern dissertation completion Liberty to commit the Crime. But in this case a Man is essay, abridg'd of his Liberty, and must not do this or that, whether it Transgresses the Law or no. For Example, a person having Writ a Book, brings it to university completion fellowship one or other Licenser, the Law is not express that such a Book shall not appear in the World, there is no Crime committed, but the Book shall be Damn'd in its Womb, not because any thing in it is essay on crucible, offensive to the Government, Irreligious, Blasphemous, or any other way Criminal, not because 'tis a Book unfit to appear, but because Mr. Licenser does not please to like it. I know no Nation in the World, whose Government is not perfectly Despotick, that ever makes preventive Laws, 'tis enough to make Laws to punish Crimes when they are committed, and northeastern fellowship, not to put it in the power of any single Man, on pretence of preventing Offences to commit worse. Even the Laws against Theft and Murther, do not say they shall not commit the Crime, but if they do, they shall be so and essays king i have speech, so punish'd. 'Tis for the Commands of God to say, Thou shat not do this or that, Kill, Steal, commit Adultery, and the like; but Man can only say, if any Man shall wilfully do this, or that, commit this or that Crime, he shall suffer such or such Pains, and university completion, Penalties; and some are of opinion, all men have a Native right, as to Human Liberty , to commit any Fact, if they submit to the penalty which the Law inflicts; for elements of research as to its being a sin against God, the northeastern completion fellowship Laws have nothing to say to that, and as to a sin against Civil Government, there can be no such thing as a Crime till the Fact is committed, and therefore to anticipate the Man by Laws, before the Crime, is to abridge him of his Liberty without a Crime, and so make a Punishment without a Transgression, which is illegal in on martin luther king i have, its own Nature, and Arbitrary in the most intense degree. It might not be improper here to Examine what particular Inconveniences attend such a Law in our present Case, and upon northeastern dissertation fellowship, what just Grounds I except against. 1. I object against it as the first step to restore Arbitrary Power in this Nation, and the worst way of restoring it, viz . by critique, a Law. For to go back again to northeastern fellowship that which we once complain'd of as Arbitrary, is a tacit acknowledging the former Complaint to be groundless, and essays on martin king a dream, giving us cause to think that there's more steps of that Nature to northeastern dissertation fellowship be introduc'd. 'Tis ill making Precedents in cases so dangerous, where the Liberty of a Nation is luther i have speech, concern'd; and dissertation completion, I cannot doubt but our wise Legislators will consider what the Consequences of yielding in the least point of the Subjects Priviledges are, and we have always found them very tender of the least; punctilio's of that great Fundamental, the belonging on crucible Peoples Liberty. 'Tis needless to quote Cases, the general practice of the House of Commons, ever since the liberty of the northeastern dissertation completion fellowship Subject, was to secure the English freedom, and belonging essay on crucible, carefully to watch against all Encroachments of any sort, either from without or from any Parties among themselves.

2. 'Tis a Foundation of Frauds, Briberies, and all the ill practices possible; the dissertation fellowship absolute conduct of so considerable an Article, being committed to the Breast of direct thesis, a few Men, every part of their proceedings are Arbitrary and Unreasonable: Nay, even when he passes a Book that ought to be pass'd, yet 'tis Arbitrary in him, because he passes it not because it ought so to be pass'd, but because he has receiv'd some Perquisite, Gratuity, or other Argument to prevail upon him to do it. Take this Licenser without a Fee, and fancy an Author brings a Copy to him, suppose of Divinity, and northeastern completion, where is the Book against which he can find no excuse, tho' Penn'd with never so much caution? here it reflects upon the Church, there upon the Government; this seems to look asquint on such an Article of the Church of England , that at too much a Ceremony in the Liturgy and movement, Rubrick, and university completion fellowship, he cannot allow it to be Publish'd; but send him the next morning two or three Guineas , and you have the Imprimatur at first word. Suppose it be a Book of Politicks, then this Sentence is a reflection on this great Man, that on another, this may signifie the Parliament, that the King or Queen, but still the Guineas sets it all to right again, the Gold makes the essays movement Book Orthodox and Loyal, and private Constructive Objections vanish in the Mist raised before his Eyes by the Mony. Then suppose this or that Licenser, a Party-Man, that is, One put in, and upheld by a Party; suppose him of any Party, which you please, and northeastern university completion, a Man of the opposite dissertations, Kidney, brings him a Book, he views the Character of the Man, O , says he, I know the Author, he is a damn'd Whig, or a rank Jacobite, I'll License none of his Writings ; here is Bribery on university dissertation fellowship one Hand, partiality to Parties on the other; but get a Man of his own Kidney to consciousness movement own the very same Book, and as he refus'd it without opening before, he is as easie to pass it now, not for the Good or Ill in the Book, but on northeastern university completion fellowship both Hands for the Character of the Author. There is another Engine of Fraud comes in to make up this Complication of Frauds, and ill Practices, and that is the Messenger of the black movement Press, and this serves for university dissertation completion the Receiver, while the t'other is the Th—f, and he takes the Fees, and the Licenser does the Work, and so casting up together they bring all to an Account of starting a new, Profit and Loss. This is the Broker of the Press, the Stock-jobber of the License-Office; he Talks with you, and Treats with any Body to get a Book Licensed, and Rates his Fees as he finds the Person more or less Obnoxious to his Master, or his Party. This is a New Mouse-Trap, and he that will come into the Press must expect to be catch'd in northeastern university, it, and then in a little Time all the force of the Law, so far as design'd against the Exorbitance of the Pen is Evaded and Eluded, all revolves in king i have, the Bribery and Villainy of Officers and Licensers, the Law looks like a Phantome of the Brain, made for one Man in an Age to raise a Fortune by, and he must turn Round to perform it.

These Things have often been consider'd in Parliament, and have been the true Reasons why our Wise Representers, tho' willing enough to northeastern university dissertation fellowship Restrain any undue Liberty, yet have always avoided this Pernitious Remedy, as a thing of much worse Consequence to the Constitution and black consciousness, Privileges of Englishmen , than the Licentiousness of the northeastern Press can be to the Government. To Cure the ill Use of a new school, Liberty, with a Deprivation of Liberty, is like cutting off the Leg to cure the Gout in the Toe, like expelling Poison with too Rank a Poison, where both may struggle which Poison shall prevail, but which soever prevails, the Patient suffers. If the Exorbitance of some few People in Printing Seditious and Dangerous Books, must Abridge all the Men of Learning in the Nation of university, their Liberty in Printing, what after exceeding toil and unwearied Pains they are willing to Communicate to Posterity, then who will Study, who will breed up their Children to Letters, when all the Fruits of their Labours are liable to the Blast of the Arbitrary Breath of Mercenary Men. By such a Law, a Fellow of no Letters, of of research paper, Knowledge too little to fit him for a Ballad-Singer, shall be Capable of Tyrannizing over the whole World of Learning, and no Book can see the Light without his leave, when after a Man has wrote enough to have all the World acknowledge him, and university fellowship, such a Work, which in some Countries he would have sufficient Gratification for, here he shall not bestow it on the World, without putting himself to the Charge of Bribing the Licenser, and so cannot give them his Labour, but he must give them his Money too. In this very thing the King of essays black movement, France out does all the Princes of Europe , where such Encouragement is given to northeastern university dissertation completion Learning, that all useful Books in the World now speak French , and a Man may be an Universal Schollar, read Virgil, Horace, Ovid, and movement, all the Antient Poets; Cicero, Plato, Epictetus, Aristotle, and all the Antient Philosophers; St.

Athanasius , St. Augustine , and all the Primitive Fathers; Plutarch, Livy, and all the Antient Historians, and yet neither understand a Word of Greek or Latin , and pray let us Examine if ever the Press has been Restrain 'd to university the Absolute Power of of research, a Licenser or Reviser, on northeastern completion the contrary all the Liberty and Encouragement imaginable has been given to the Press, all the Abbies, and publick Libraries in direct thesis, the Kingdom are oblig'd to take One, and when any Author has publish'd an northeastern fellowship, Extraordinary Piece, the King himself has thought fit to reward him with a Magnificence, peculiar to the Pride and State of the French Court. But this Liberty has been the Life of Learning, and ever since Cardinal Richlieu Erected the Royal Academy, no Nation in the World ever flourish'd in Learning like them. The English Nation has always carried a figure equal to their Neighbours, as to belonging on crucible all sorts of Learning, and in some very much superior, and tho' without all those Encouragements, have not yet sunk their Character that way. But we cannot say that Learning is grown to such a height that it needs a Check, that it wants a Tyrant of the Press to govern it: Knowledge is much Improv'd, 'tis confess'd, but the World is not so over-run with Letters, that it should be Tax'd as a Vice, and Laws made to Suppress the little Degrees of it, that are attain'd to.

What those Gentlemen propose to themselves who are so forward to procure, or at least so eagerly plead for this Padlock to the Press, I cannot imagine, unless it be that they have some grounds to hope they shall keep the university dissertation completion Key. And what can the design of that Power be? If it be that they would have the starting a new essay Advantage to northeastern fellowship Print what they please, and that the elements paper adverse Party should not have the liberty of the Press to Reply, is a sign the Cause they Embark in is not to fellowship be Defended, and will not bear an Answer, and if it be that that they would have no Writing at all, but such points as they are doubtful in, 'tis an Unquestionable Argument that their Cause won't bear Canvasing, and that the school less 'tis Examined into, the better for them. Some People have an Arrogance peculiar to themselves, and can venture things into the World upon the Reputation of a bold Expression, presuming, no Man will venture Examination after the positive Assertion of their Pen. If these Gentlemen are so full of Assurance, Anglicè , Impudence, as to affirm things without Ground, when other Men as well Read as themselves, are at their Elbows to Confute them, to Examine their Authorities and reprove them when they Act without Authority; what work would such Men as these make in the World with their Cause, if this Padlock of the Press was set on by the Laws, and they were to keep the Key, that is, in short, if they had a full License to vent their Notions, and the Law should place a Sentinel of dissertation fellowship, their own at the Door of the Press, that no Man but he that had the Word should come there.

We should have more Wise Nations quoted upon us for critique things no Nation ever did, and Precedents brought in by Wholesale, without any other Authority than the northeastern fellowship Imprimatur of the Party. New and Old Association-Men might then cry out of Rebellion in Scotland , from the Presbyterian , and make the World believe the Cameronians were up in Arms there to restore Episcopacy . Boys may beat Men if their Hands were Ty'd; if the Hands of a Party are ever Ty'd up by essay, a Law of Licensing, 'tis not then who talks Sense, or Matter of Fact, nor who has the best of the Argument, nor who can say most to the purpose, but who shall be Licensed to fellowship speak what he has to say, and who not, who shall Talk, and who shall hold his Tongue. This I take to be the true state of the Case, and on crucible, if it be so, I leave it to any body to judge, whether a License of the Press can be consistent either with the Encouragement due to Learning, the Liberty of this Nation, the Reason of the thing, or the Reputation of any Party who desire it. It remains to Enquire, First, Is it then fit the Licentiousness of the Press should be Unrestrain'd? And Secondly, How shall it be done? To the First I reply. Licentiousness of all sorts ought to be Restrain'd, whether of the Tongue, the Pen, the Press, or any thing else, and it were well if all sorts of Licentiousness were as easy to Govern as this; but to Regulate this Evil by an Evil ten times more pernicious, is university completion, doing us no service at essays consciousness movement all.

'Tis apparent the Injury done to the whole Nation, by severely Punishing small things, and letting more substantial Grievances alone, is what there has been Cause to northeastern university Complain of. There are Parties in all our Justice and Crimes have, or have not been Punish'd, as Parties and elements writing, Sides have Govern'd. But I am not going to write a Satyr on Government, several has paid Dear enough for northeastern dissertation completion that; to give me Notice what is to be expected from such a Liberty; as 'tis in all the World so it has too much been here, where there are Powers and belonging on crucible, Parties always struggling, there must be a Byass of Justice as this or that Side prevails. But 'tis pitty the Press should come into a Party-strife: This is like two Parties going to War, and northeastern university dissertation fellowship, one depriving the a new school other of northeastern university fellowship, all their Powder and Shot. Ammunition stands always Neuter, or rather, Jack a both Sides, every body has it, and then they get the Victory who have most Courage to critique use it, and Conduct to manage it. And thus 'tis in university fellowship, the Press, with submission to elements paper writing Powers, this I think is fellowship, a just Consequence from Reason, that since this Nation is unhappily Divided into critique Parties, every Side ought to have an equal Advantage in fellowship, the use of the essays black movement Press, and this can never be in Case of northeastern university completion, Licensing; for whatsoever Party assumes the Power of essays black, placing this Paper Magistrate, will, in effect, have an Exclusive Power over the Press, to give their Friends a full liberty of Affirming , and to refuse the northeastern completion other Side the essays on martin king i have speech liberty of Replying . Now, as our Legislation cannot be said to be of any Party, because they are Whole; so they cannot make a Law which can be equal to the Whole, while it gives the dissertation completion fellowship Power to any one Party. It cannot be prov'd, that any one Party has more Right, as a Party , to Publish any thing than another, and a new school, therefore cannot in Justice have more liberty given them to do it: For no Man can justly Demand an Exclusive Power, where he had no precedent Right. Besides, 'tis a Scandal both to the Merit of a Cause, and the Wit of the Managers, that any Party shou'd fly to the Law to suppress his Adversary's Pen. If two Men fall Out, and northeastern fellowship, one having struck the other, the Person who receiv'd the Blow instead of Fighting him goes to belonging Law with him for the Assault. Dissertation Completion Fellowship! 'Tis a natural Consequence for school essay all Men to believe such a Man was afraid to Fight; either he was a Coward in his Nature, or he thought himself over-matcht, and his Enemy would be too hard for him.

So where a Party flies to university fellowship the Engine of the Law to prevent their Opponent's appearing in Print, it looks like a Confession that they would have the Advantage, if the Liberty was not Restrain'd by the Law. But then to have a Law which should be so Circumstanc'd, as that one Party shall Write and Print, and the other shall not, this has a further Scandal in it, it not only critique, Confesses superiority in the Enemy Suppressor, but seems to northeastern completion have something base in the Party, like getting two Men to starting a new school hold a Man while I Beat him. The Grand Question then seems thus, You own the northeastern dissertation Liberty of the belonging essay Press ought to be restrain'd, but you are of the northeastern university dissertation fellowship Opinion a Licence is Arbitrary and Unequal. How then would you have the end Answer'd? 'Tis not for me to direct the Legislative Authority, nor do these Sheets pretend to of research paper writing it, but to me the properest Methods seem to university completion fellowship be such as follow. 1. To make an Act that no Man shall, by essays on martin luther i have speech, Writing or by Printing, Argue, Dispute, Reflect upon, or pretend to Vindicate such and such Points, Persons, Bodies, Members, c. of the State or the Church, or of any other Matter or Thing as the Law shall mention, and they will be such as the Law-makers see proper to insert.

2. That if any shall presume to do so, they shall be punish'd in such or such a Manner. By the first, all Men will know when they Trangress, which at present, they do not; for as the Case now stands, 'tis in the Breast of the Courts of university dissertation fellowship, Justice to critique dissertations make any Book a Scandalous and Seditious Libel, and nothing is dissertation fellowship, more ridiculous than the Letter of an Indictment in such Cases, and the Jury being accounted only Judges of Evidence, Judges of Fact, and not of the Nature of it, the Judges are thereby Unlimited. In the Case of Mr. Delaun , who was Indicted at starting a new school essay the Old Baily, for Writing a Book, call'd, A Plea for the Nonconformists, says the Indictment, and the said Delaun did then, and there by Force and Arms write the aforesaid Scandalous and Seditious Book, against the Peace of our Sovereign Lord the King, his Crown and Dignity, which are the actual Words in most Indictments of that nature. All these Evils would be Obviated, and Men might know when they Transgress, and northeastern university dissertation, when they do not. Laws in essay on crucible, their Original Design are not made to draw Men into Crimes, but to prevent Crimes; Laws are Buoys set upon dangerous Places under Water, to warn Mankind, that such Sands or Rocks are there, and the Language of them is, Come here at your Peril. The Crime of an Author is not known; and I think verily no Book can be wrote so warily, but that if the Author be brought on northeastern university his Tryal, it shall be easy for consciousness a cunning Lawyer, ay for a Lawyer of no great Cunning, to put an Innuendo upon his Meaning, and make some Part of it Criminal.

Thus it was in the Case of B axter's Comment upon the New Teflament; Algernon Sidney's Answer to Sir Robert Filmer; De Laun's Plea for the Nonconformists; Anderton's two Books; and so it may be with this Book, or the best in the World. Now since there are Dangers thus conceal'd in the Law, and no Man can tell when he offends, 'twould be a wholsome Piece of Justice to all the Nation, to place a Buoy on the Rock, and whoever splits on it afterwards would deserve no pity. Such a Law would be a sufficient Restraint to the Exorbitance of the Press, for then the Crime would be plain, and Men would be afraid of committing it. Whereas the present uncertainty of the Crime seems to be the greatest Occasion of the Crime, for Men are apt to be bold in a Thing which they cannot find expressly Condemn'd by the Letter of the Law. Secondly , As the Crime may be stated, so may the Punishment, and then no Man can be at the Mercy of arbitrary Men; no Sidneys will be found to have Sentence revers'd, and Attainders taken off; no De Launs die in Prison under Exorbitant Fines; no post Factum's, no Complaint can be made by the Person offending, because they know what they were to trust to. And above all, the northeastern dissertation End of consciousness, restraining the Press would be obtain'd by it; for when Men know both the Crime and the Punishment, they would be much more wary of the one for fear of the other. I humbly conceive, the uncertainty of northeastern, both at elements of research paper present, is the real, if not the only Ground of the Licentiousness of the Press. When I am told the present Liberty of the university dissertation completion Press is a Grievance, I must say, the reason is essays on martin i have speech, plain, 'tis because there is a Liberty, and no Law to ascertain the Fact.

But let the Law adjust the Crime, and tie it to the Penalty, that Authors may know what to trust to; there needs no Licenser to pick Men's Pockets, permit Crimes when he is paid for them, and refuse useful and valuable Books if he is not fee'd. But here remains a Question unanswer'd, that in other Cases is not usual. There are many ways to northeastern university dissertation completion commit this Crime, and lie conceal'd; the elements writing Crime may be committed, and the Malefactor hard to be found, and therefore the Licensing the Press was thought necessary to prevent the Fact, because when committed, the Offender is not easily brought to Justice. This is easily answered, and the Parliament has thought fit, in two Cases, to make a Precedent that exactly reaches the Case, and they are, first , in the Case of northeastern university dissertation fellowship, buying stolen Goods; and the other is, in putting off, or exchanging counterfeit Money; both which, tho' Accessaries to the Crime, are now made equally Criminal with the school Principal, if knowingly done. If in the Case of the completion fellowship Press, a Law be made to on martin king a dream speech make the dissertation completion last Seller the Author, unless the dissertations Name of Author, Printer, or Bookseller, be affix'd to the Book, then no Book can be published, but there will be some body found to answer for it. Whoever puts a false Name, to forfeit. . . . c . Nor can this be thought hard upon the Seller of the Book, because as he knows the Consequence, no Bookseller will be so foolish as to sell any Book that has not the Name of some Printer, Bookseller, or Author affix'd to the Title; and so this Law will answer two Ends together; be a means to prevent the Crime, and fix the Offender if it be committed. If the Name of the northeastern completion fellowship Author, or of the Printer, or of the Bookseller, for whom it is direct thesis, printed, be affix'd, every Man is safe that sells a Book; but if not, then no Man will sell it, but he that hath some private Reason for propagating what the Book treats of, and such a Man has some Title to pass for the Author. I place the Excellency of a Law very much, as before, in the Power and fellowship, Efficacy it has to prevent the Crime; and the Justice of that Law can never be plainer, than when the Fact is critique dissertations, ascertain'd, the Penalty settled, and the Criminal describ'd: No Man can then be Guilty, but he that is wilfully and knowingly so, and whoever is so, let him suffer, no Man will be concern'd for him. All the Excuse that ever I could meet with for a Licenser, was built upon the Difficulty of discovering the true Author of a Book, and the Difficulty being such, that no Laws could easily be made effectual, to fix the Writer of any thing, they found room for the Stratagem of a Licenser. I call it an Excuse for it, because 'tis plain, the Licenser was not found out as a Remedy for the Evil: But the Design of a Licenser being first resolv'd on, the completion pretended Difficulty was made a Handle to introduce the new Engine into critique dissertations the World, and northeastern completion fellowship, place this Monarch of the Press, as a Tyrant to exercise his absolute Authority over the World of Letters, and so suppress one Mischief by another. But leaving the Press in the full Enjoyment of all its just Liberties, and answer all these Ends, while 'tis yet fenc'd about belonging, with due Restriction of northeastern, Laws, every Man may have a full Freedom of promoting the Extent of essays, Learning, exercising his Parts, defending his Arguments, and university, answering his Adversary, and yet at the same time will know how far he may go with safety, and critique dissertations, when he transgresses : If any Man then gives offence, he knows it, and what he must expect; if any Man does thus offend, the northeastern university dissertation Law knows the Offender, and how to punish him: All things would run in the open free Course of Laws.

Criminals and Laws, Offences and Punishment are due Opposites, and ought always to a new school stand in view of one another. If the Punishment or the Law is northeastern completion, conceal'd from the Offender, he is trapann'd into the Crime to his Destruction, when he knows nothing of the critique dissertations Matter, and the Law is made a Gin or Snare to hook him into Punishment, which is contrary to northeastern dissertation fellowship the Nature of Laws, and the Practice of all just Governments. A Law therefore to direct thesis settle what an Author may or may not do, to northeastern bring the Offences of the Pen to a Regulation, and then to annex the Punishment to the Crime, would bring all this Matter to a Square. Authors would be known as soon as the on crucible Book, because this Law would oblige the Printer or Bookseller to place the Author's Name in the Title, or himself. Nor is it the small Advantage of this Law, to have the Punishment of Authors adjusted; for I know nothing in which our Laws have been executed with a greater Irregularity, no Crime has been punish'd with such improper Punishments, such arbitrary Latitude, or such inconsistent Variety. Northeastern University Dissertation Fellowship! In other Cases we have Crimes and Punishments link'd together; if a Man robs a House, counterfeits the Coin, or kills a Man, he knows what he has to trust to, but Authors have never known their Punishment: We have had the essay on crucible very same Crime punish'd with trifling Fines of Twenty Shillings, and exorbitant Fines of a Thousand Marks, and yet the Twenty-Shilling-Man hath the greatest Guilt; writing of a Book has been punish'd with Fines, Whippings, Pillories, Imprisonment for Life, Halters and Axes: How 'tis possible the Guilt of the completion Pen can extend to consciousness movement merit all these several Penalties, is a thing I never met with a Lawyer yet that could resolve.

There must be something else than Law in the Case; when I shall commit an Offence, and be fin'd 20 Mark, or perhaps less; another, for the same Crime, shall not be prosecuted at all; another hang'd or beheaded. All the World cannot shew me a Crime punished by such unequal Variety, where the Crime is the northeastern university dissertation fellowship same in Kind, and can only essays king a dream, differ in Circumstances; nor is it possible those Circumstances can have so much Variety, such unusual Distance in their Nature, as there has been in the Punishments; but all this comes from the Law having left the dissertation fellowship Punishment unsettled, and plac'd it in the unlimited Judgments of Men. This Law would also put a Stop to belonging a certain sort of Thieving which is now in full practice in England , and which no Law extends to northeastern university completion fellowship punish, viz . some Printers and Booksellers printing Copies none of their own. This is really a most: injurious piece of Violence, and a Grievance to essay on crucible all Mankind; for northeastern fellowship it not only robs their Neighbour of their jusT: Right, but it robs Men of the due Reward of essays king i have a dream speech, Industry, the Prize of Learning, and the Benefit of their Studies; in the next Place, it robs the Reader, by printing Copies of other Men uncorrect and imperfect, making surreptitious and spurious Collections, and innumerable Errors, by which the Design of the Author is northeastern dissertation fellowship, often inverted, conceal'd, or destroy'd, and the Information the World would reap by a curious and well studied Discourse, is dwindled into Confusion and Nonsense. 'Twere endless to instance in the Mischiefs which have been done of this kind.

An Author prints a Book, whether on a Civil or Religious Subject, Philosophy, History, or any Subject, if it be a large Volume, it shall be immediately abridgd by some mercenary Bookseller, employing a Hackney-writer, who shall give such a contrary Turn to the Sense, such a false Idea of the Design, and starting a new essay, so huddle Matters of the greatest Consequence to­gether in abrupt Generals, that no greater Wrong can be done to the Subject; thus the sale of a Volume of twenty Shillings is spoil'd, by perswading People that the Substance of the Book is contain'd in dissertation completion fellowship, the Summary of 4 s . price, the Under-taker is ruin'd, the Reader impos'd upon, and the Author's perhaps 20 Years Labour lost and undervalued : I refer my Reader, for the Truth of this, to the several Abridgments of the Turkish History, Josephus, Baxter's Life, and the like. I think in Justice, no Man has a Right to make any Abridgment of essays consciousness, a Book, but the Proprietor of the Book; and I am sure no Man can be so well qualified for the doing it, as the northeastern university completion fellowship Author, if alive, because no Man can be capable of knowing the true Sense of the Design, or of giving it a due Turn like him that compos'd it. This is the first Sort of the Press-Piracy, the next is pirating Books in smaller Print, and essays movement, meaner Paper, in order to sell them lower than the first Impression. Thus as soon as a Book is publish'd by the Author, a raskally Fellow buys it, and immediately falls to work upon northeastern university dissertation completion fellowship, it, and if it was a Book of a Crown, he will contract it so as to sell it for writing two Shillings, a Book of university dissertation completion fellowship, three Shillings for essays luther king i have speech one Shilling, a Pamphlet of northeastern university dissertation, a Shilling, for essay 2 d . a Six-penny Book in a penny Sheet, and the like. This is down-right robbing on northeastern the High-way, or cutting a Purse, (were they not afraid of their Deserts) is essay, a Ruin to Trade, a Discouragement to Learning, and the Shame of a well mannag'd Government. The Law we are upon, effectually suppresses this most villainous Practice, for every Author being oblig'd to university completion set his Name to the Book he writes, has, by this Law, an undoubted exclusive Right to dissertations the Property of it. The Clause in the Law is a Patent to the Author, and settles the fellowship Propriety of the Work wholly in himself, or in direct thesis, such to whom he shall assign it; and 'tis reasonable it should be so: For if an Author has not the northeastern dissertation completion right of school, a Book, after he has made it, and the benefit be not his own, and the Law will not protect him in that Benefit, 'twould be very hard the Law should pretend to punish him for it.

'Twould be unaccountably severe, to make a Man answerable for the Miscarriages of dissertation fellowship, a thing which he shall not reap the benefit of if well perform'd; there is writing, no Law so much wanting in the Nation, relating to completion Trade and Civil Property, as this, nor is there a greater Abuse in any Civil Employment, than the printing of other Mens Copies, every jot as unjust as lying with their Wives, and essays luther i have a dream speech, breaking-up their Houses. This Grievance a Licenser will never remedy; nay these People who aft them in secret, and without Principles, are out of the completion reach of a Licenser, for they value not the Law, are unaccountable themselves , and have their Hawkers and Mannagers under them. But if an Author has a Right of Action given him by Law, not against essays on martin luther king i have a dream, him only who shall print his Copy, but against the Publisher of it also; and this Law being made full and express, the Evil will die, for no body will dare to sell the university dissertation completion fellowship Book, when the vilainous Pirate has finish'd the Impression. It has been objected against elements writing, such a Regulation of the Press, That it will fill the dissertation Town with scandalous Lampoons and Pasquinadoes , which will be handed about in manuscript, and do as much harm as Printing. To this I must answer, A Restraint upon the Press will do so, and always did; and I appeal to any Man's Judgment, to shew me a time when ever the Town swarm'd with things of that Nature, as it did in King Charles the Second's Time, King James 's, and some part of King William 's, when the Press was under the Government of a Licenser, and therefore this Law can no way be more instrumental to it than that was, nor I think will not be so much.

I can see no further Objection against direct thesis, my Opinion, and shall be very willing to northeastern dissertation completion consider it when I meet with it; in the mean time, if any one can propose a better Method, more agreeable to consciousness movement the Justice of the Nation, and more effectual to university dissertation fellowship all the Ends that are needful to be consider'd, I hope he will not be discourag'd by this Essay, from making the Proposal.