Northwestern honors program in medical education essay

The 10 Best Sites to Post Your Resume Online. There are a lot of ways to get your resume in northwestern honors program in medical education essay front of the right people, and your best chance for journal, success is to do everything you can to get yourself out honors program education there. One of the easiest actions you can take is to man and the environment essay, distribute your resume on honors education, several sites and increase your chances of finding your next opportunity. You could be found by your future employer, or even a recruiter could take an interest in your background and then do the work for law essay, you. After reviewing all the best resume sites, we recommend using ResumeRobin to distribute your resume because you can get in honors in medical front of a lot of people without investing too much of your valuable time. It's also a great value when you factor in how much time it takes to go to every job site. We’ve hand-picked our favorite 10 sites and services to post a resume online to help you find your next opportunity. We’ve included some options that are industry-specific, but only if the sites cater to a wide variety of statement journal, applicants. We also took into consideration the number of real inquiries job seekers received because spam can be a problem with some resume posting sites.

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Facebook - Leverage your friend network as a professional network. Twitter - Employers will look at northwestern honors program your account if you have one. University Career Centers - Leverage your education even more. Compared to thesis, the other places to post your resume, ResumeRobin.com is probably a lesser known option, but it may be the only website you have to visit. That’s because it’s a resume distribution service, meaning you upload your resume and northwestern honors program education essay then let them do all the work. The cost is pretty low when you consider how much time it takes to post your resume on thesis statement journal, every single website. You’ll have the option to post within your metro area for northwestern honors education, $25 (includes up to 150-plus recruiters and job sites), within your state for $55 (includes up to 250-plus recruiters and job sites), or nationwide for $65. To get started, you just have to upload your resume to the system. Architecture Proposals. From there, ResumeRobin creates an northwestern program essay, HTML and plain text version.

They enter your resume into the daily feed file, which is uploaded to a network of partner websites (including most of the sites mentioned below) via an API and send the commercial law essay answers, resumes to recruiters via email. Additionally, once your resume is education essay uploaded to the various job sites, ResumeRobin job seekers get preferred treatment so that means your resume will show up at the top of papers, keyword searches used by employers. That’s worth the northwestern honors essay, cost alone if you ask us. Ramapo. When it comes down to it, ResumeRobin is the most job-seeker friendly place to post your resume online. It might cost you a little in the process, but don’t forget about the value of your time as well as the visibility boost you’ll receive. Many people are raving about their experiences with ResumeRobin online. One person noted that it does take about 48 hours for the service to get ramped up, but received an honors education essay, inquiry from a Fortune 500 company just three days later. Another had three job interviews within two weeks after using the service. While the landscape architecture proposals, website looks very basic and northwestern honors education generic, don’t judge the book by cheap research, its cover. The company is program in medical education essay apparently worth close to $800 million. If you have a background in tech or you’re looking for an IT job, Dice is the ramapo, place to northwestern honors education, go.

It’s probably the biggest specialized job board on the Internet. Ramapo College Application. With a growing number of companies looking to hire tech talent, posting your resume on Dice is a great way to get found if you have a tech background. There are also a good number of contract jobs available on Dice. The quality of job seekers on honors in medical education, Dice is pretty high, which is more of a positive than a negative because recruiters and employers are likely to keep coming back to find talent. Research Essay. Of the registered users on Dice, 65% have 10 years or more experience and 75% have a bachelor's degree. To post your resume, first create a MyDice account. From there, login and click on the Manage/Add Resumes link within the honors in medical education essay, MyResume section.

Then, you can upload your resume. The next step would be to make your resume searchable. Go back to your account, click on using in medical, the MyResume button, and select the resume you want recruiters or employers to find. You can upload up to five resumes at essay a time, so be sure to pick the landscape architecture proposals, right one and then click on honors program education essay, Make Searchable. In Medical Research Essay. Keep in northwestern mind, you only want to be searchable if you’re actively job seeking and ramapo application essays ready to work within 30 days. If you want to post your resume anonymously, edit your profile, go to northwestern honors program in medical education essay, Search Settings, and click the thesis, button next to Confidential. Now, your contact info will be hidden. Indeed is at the top of our list for places to post your resume online (and search for jobs). Indeed.com has traditionally been ranked as the number one external method of hiring for small businesses in the world. In terms of visibility, no other job site gets more action. We also recommend Indeed for job searching because it has the most comprehensive database of honors program, any job site.

There are more than 200 million people visiting the site every month. Papers. Posting your resume on Indeed.com is pretty simple as well. All you have to do is create a free account and then either create your resume from scratch or upload it if you have it saved as a file. Indeed also covers global job seekers, since recruiters and employers can search in many countries. While some say that posting your resume on honors program education, a job site isn’t worth it, many job seekers have reported success using Indeed. Alright, so you can post your resume on your LinkedIn account, but we don’t advise that. Animals In Medical Essay. LinkedIn is a living, breathing resume itself so you should always keep it updated. The reason why posting your resume on LinkedIn doesn’t make a lot of sense is because a resume is often an adapting document depending on the type of employment you’re seeking. LinkedIn not only shows your professional expertise and northwestern honors essay accomplishments -- it also helps tell a more active story about who you are and what you want. Plus, every recruiter uses LinkedIn so make sure your profile is statement journal optimized with the titles or words you want to be found for.

Use your LinkedIn account in conjunction with your resume and just be sure both are always synced up. The last thing you need is essay inconsistencies in your story. Some people still want to take advantage of LinkedIn’s resume import feature. If you want your resume living on your LinkedIn profile, you click Profile, select Import Resume, then browse to find your file, and college application upload it. Again, we’d recommend using your LinkedIn profile as your public resume and know that recruiters and potential employers will be taking a careful look at it.

It’s one of the honors program education essay, less familiar names on this list, but ZipRecruiter is making some major strides in the industry. Architecture Thesis. Unlike some of the other major long-standing job boards, ZipRecruiter promises no spam or banners, which results in a more pleasant experience for job seekers. You can post your resume online by program education essay, creating a free account as well as a job alert. Thesis Journal. From there, you’ll get job alerts via email, your resume will be searchable, and you’ll be matched to jobs that are hiring now. ZipRecruiter has a resume database that is easily searchable for recruiters and employers. All they have to do is search specific skills or keywords as well as a location.

Just be sure to optimize your profile and resume according to northwestern honors in medical essay, what you’d like to statement journal, be searched for so that you increase your visibility to prospective employers. Northwestern Honors In Medical Education. One cool feature about ZipRecruiter is that you can see how many people have looked at your resume, in college addition to other data. The mobile app also has very positive reviews so you can expect a seamless transition if you’re using ZipRecruiter on the go. Compared to the other major online job boards, CareerBuilder has more candidates that have college degrees and also leans more towards full-time employment opportunities. CareerBuilder costs more to post a job on than the other industry giants, but it weeds out more unqualified applicants for employers. CareerBuilder has rolled out some exciting features in the past year for job seekers who post their resume online.

They now provide insights that show how many times your resume has been opened in northwestern program essay the past week and what companies are looking at you. Regardless if you think you’ll get hired using CareerBuilder, just having those insights along is valuable and probably worth posting your resume. All you have to using animals, do to get started on CareerBuilder is sign up, add your desired job title, and then upload your resume. From there, you’ll have the option to display your resume and contact info or hide it. Obviously, if you want to be found, you should choose to display your resume and contact info (and you’ll get the benefit of the insights into who is looking at your resume). Honors Program In Medical Education. Beyond the ability to essay, post your resume online to program education essay, their massive database, Monster.com also has tons of useful career resources. There’s also a premium resume service that sends your resume to answers, influential recruiters so that you’re seen by more employers and the right ones. In Medical Education Essay. It costs $68 as a one-time fee, but it might be worth the extra push to stand out above the rest. Statement. Monster is no stranger to resume posting, as the company was the northwestern education, first job search site online and also had the first resume database in the world. To post your resume, create an account and sign up manually or use one of the using essay, social account sign in options. As part of creating your account, you’ll have to fill out some personal information and then choose a file to program, upload your resume.

From there, you have the option to choose if you want to landscape proposals, be searchable or not. If you’re posting your resume, you likely want to northwestern program essay, be found by research, a recruiter or employer, so we’d recommend choosing the northwestern honors program in medical essay, searchable option. Commercial Law Essay. You can always hide it after if you want to. Taking it a step further, you can submit your resume for free to be evaluated by a resume expert who can offer you some tips, but it will likely lead to trying to get you to pay for a service. Lastly, just be sure to spend the program, time to fill out your profile so you that it’s visible and you’ll match with the right search terms to increase your chances of being found.

More recruiters and employers are turning to other methods to find candidates. In Medical Research. One out of six job seekers says social media is the reason for landing their current job. Remember, many opportunities come through relationship building and networking. A lot of that happens on social media. Let’s look at Facebook first and in medical education then Twitter next. While LinkedIn clearly leads the charge online (if you consider it social media), Facebook is number two, according to recruiters (25% of recruiters have hired through Facebook). In order to be taken seriously, you must tailor your Facebook page around your work versus your personal life. You don’t have to cut out the journal, personal stuff completely as it will show you’re a real person.

Make sure you have a professional profile picture and applicable cover photo. You’ll also want to include all of your work and education information. You can also include links to your personal website and other social media accounts (if relevant). We’d suggest staying clear of expressing religious and political views. There’s something intriguing about a candidate being able to sell themselves in 140 characters or less.

While it’s not a huge number, 15% of recruiters have hired someone through Twitter. Given the limitations, it’s impossible to post your resume on Twitter, but this is more about leveraging Twitter by linking to your resume or marketing yourself with tweets. Northwestern In Medical Education Essay. You can get yourself under the 140-character limit by ramapo, using a URL shortener if you’re posting your resume in a Tweet. Hey, who knows, maybe it’s worth blasting the company you want work for northwestern honors in medical education essay, by mentioning them in your Tweet. You can also create hashtags with keywords that recruiters might search for so you can be easily found. Leveraging Twitter to landscape architecture, post your resume online and northwestern honors essay get in front of more people is a no-brainer for someone who is unemployed or actively seeking work. A great resource (especially for recent grads) is to utilize the career center from your college to post your resume online. To be clear, university career centers are for all alumni -- not just recent grads and current students.

Many employers browse career centers of specific colleges because they’ve had success with talent from a handful of universities. Man And The Environment Essay. As an example, one company we spoke with that employs over 3,000 people specifically looks for analyst positions from one university. It’s hard to imagine other companies don’t do the same thing. Having your resume on your university career center can also open up opportunities for the university itself to promote you. Northwestern Honors In Medical Education Essay. Several alumni associations have groups on LinkedIn and Facebook. Many also offer resume writing help, cover letter writing help, and interview assistance. At the landscape architecture thesis proposals, end of the day, the success rate might still depend on the reputation of your university and the type of northwestern essay, employers coming to the university career center website to find candidates. Cheap Papers Research. If your skills and career trajectory match those employers, you’re probably going to get a lot better result than someone who doesn’t. CareerCloud is at the forefront of social and mobile in the job search and recruitment process.

We are a career media company that publishes articles and avice for program essay, today's job seeker.

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France - Change over Time Essay (French Revolution) *As the northwestern honors in medical education essay title indicates, this is a change/continuity AP essay written for World History class. College Application? Vaguely, the essay question was: . Describe change and continuity in France from the mid-1700s to northwestern program education essay, the mid-1800s.*Like many other European nations in the 1700's, France experienced a dramatic shift of sentiments against the monarchy, nobility, and application, Catholic Church as the people, fired by rousing new Enlightenment ideals, began to question authority and emphasize the need for northwestern program in medical essay, equality, liberty, and democracy. Age of architecture thesis proposals, Enlightenment , Democracy , Europe 1164 Words | 4 Pages. Breakfast Club Essay, Myself Relating to northwestern honors education, Characters. Essay The Breakfast Club The Breakfast Club is ramapo college application a story about northwestern honors five teenagers put in Saturday detention.

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concepts. All countries go through a variety of wars to fight for their freedom and stance. Like any other nation out there, France fought through many . hardships to thesis, become an independent country and excel in many concepts. People tend to believe that French citizens are full of themselves due to their advanced, intellectual achievements, but the cause is quite abstruse. Northwestern Program In Medical Essay? The story behind France becoming a country was just as herculean as any other nation. To begin with, around 50 B.C., France was under. Cultural heritage , France , Franks 906 Words | 3 Pages. Read and Download french essay topics for igcse.

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Ariana Herbert Modern European Revolutions Essay # 1 The French Revolution (1789-1799) was one of the most influential . social and radical movements in European and modern history. Like all revolutions there were many successes and many failures. But with all those positive and negatives, could we honestly say that the French Revolution was a success? Did the radicals come to common ground? With these and other factors all playing major roles, especially as the Revolution became more radical. Age of Enlightenment , Belgium , Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen 1158 Words | 4 Pages. AY In this essay I will explore the good and the bad of northwestern education essay, playing sport. One of my favourite hobbies is playing sport. It’s the excitement and . eager of architecture thesis proposals, physical competition that makes me interested in sport.

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?How far was the russo-Japanese war responsible for the outbreak in Russia 1905? The Russo-Japanese war took place in 1904 to 1905 and began because of . both Russia and Japans desire to essays, expand their borders into places such as Korea. During this war, Russia was humiliated and had many defeats from honors program in medical a country which were considered to be inferior. The defeat of this war humiliated the people of Russia and therefore lost confidence in Nicholas II. Russia’s defeat in answers the war also caused problems in. Kazakhstan , Latvia , Russia 1309 Words | 3 Pages. What is northwestern honors program a comparative essay ? A comparative essay asks that you compare at least two (possibly more) items. These items will . differ depending on the assignment.

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How did it end? . There are many factors that contributed to the start of the French revolution. The enlightenment? is one of the major factors. The enlightenment was a time where people started to think for themselves and opinions started to form. Doing things for yourself and forgetting the government was among the people. One of the questions that started to arise was, ? why are the aristocrats more privileged than everyone else.

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Adrienne Rich’s Poetic Transformations. Years after her death, Adrienne Rich’s poetry and prose still retain their power. In answer to the question “Does poetry play a role in social change?,” Adrienne Rich once answered: Yes, where poetry is liberative language, connecting the fragments within us, connecting us to northwestern honors in medical others like and unlike ourselves, replenishing our desire. . Commercial? . . In poetry words can say more than they mean and mean more than they say. In a time of honors program essay frontal assaults both on language and on human solidarity, poetry can remind us of all we are in danger of losing—disturb us, embolden us out of resignation. There are many great poets, but not all of them alter the ways in which we understand the commercial law essay answers world we live in; not all of them suggest that words can be held responsible. Remarkably, Adrienne Rich did this, and continues to northwestern education do this, for generations of the environment essay readers. Program Education Essay? Rich’s desire for commercial law essay answers, a transformative writing that would invent new ways to be, to see, and to speak drew me to her work in the early nineteen-eighties, while I was a student at Williams College. Midway through a cold and essay snowy semester in the Berkshires, I read for the first time James Baldwin’s “The Fire Next Time,” from 1962, and two collections by architecture, Rich, her 1969 “Leaflets” and her 1971–1972 “Diving into the Wreck.” In Baldwin’s text I underlined the honors in medical education essay following: Most people guard and keep; they suppose that it is they themselves and research what they identify with themselves that they are guarding and keeping, whereas what they are actually guarding and program education essay keeping is their system of man and reality and what they assume themselves to be. One can give nothing whatever without giving oneself—that is to say, risking oneself.

Rich’s interrogation of the “guarding” of honors in medical education essay systems was the subject of journal everything she wrote in the years leading up to my introduction to her work. “Leaflets,” “Diving into the Wreck,” and “The Dream of a Common Language,” from 1978_,_ were all examples of this, as were her other works, all the way to her final poems, in 2012. And though I did not have the northwestern in medical education essay critic Helen Vendler’s experience upon encountering Rich—“Four years after she published her first book, I read it in almost disbelieving wonder; someone my age was writing down my life. Thesis Journal? . . . Here was a poet who seemed, by a miracle, a twin: I had not known till then how much I had wanted a contemporary and northwestern program in medical education essay a woman as a speaking voice of life”—I was immediately drawn to Rich’s interest in what echoes past the silences in a life that wasn’t necessarily my life. In my copy of Rich’s essay “When We Dead Awaken,” the faded yellow highlighter still remains recognizable on pages after more than thirty years: “Both the answers victimization and the anger experienced by women are real, and have real sources, everywhere in the environment, built into society, language, the structures of thought.” As a nineteen-year-old, I read in Rich and Baldwin a twinned dissatisfaction with systems invested in a single, dominant, oppressive narrative. My initial understanding of feminism and racism came from these two writers in program in medical education essay, the same weeks and months. Rich claimed, in “Blood, Bread, and Poetry: The Location of the architecture thesis Poet,” from northwestern essay 1984, that Baldwin was the “first writer I read who suggested that racism was poisonous to white as well as destructive to Black people.” It was Rich who suggested to me that silence, too, was poisonous and using destructive to our social interactions and self-knowledge. Her understanding that the ethicacy of our personal relationships was dependent on the ethics of our political and northwestern honors in medical education cultural systems was demonstrated not only in her poetry but also in her essays, her interviews, and in conversations like the extended one she conducted with the poet and essayist Audre Lorde. Despite the vital friendship between Lorde and Rich, or perhaps because of it, both poets were able to question their own everyday practices of collusion with the papers research very systems that oppressed them. As self-identified lesbian feminists, they openly negotiated the honors program in medical difficulties of their very different racial and commercial law essay answers economic realities. Stunningly, they showed us that, if you listen closely enough, language “is no longer personal,” as Rich writes in “Meditations for a Savage Child,” but stains and is stained by the political.

In the poem “Hunger” (1974–1975), which is dedicated to Audre Lorde, Rich writes, “I’m wondering / whether we even have what we think we have / . . Northwestern Honors Education? . even our intimacies are rigged with terror. Using Animals Research Essay? / Quantify suffering? My guilt at least is open, / I stand convicted by all my convictions—you, too . . .” And as if in the form of an answer Lorde wrote, in “The Uses Of Anger: Women Responding to northwestern honors essay Racism,” an the environment, essay published in northwestern, 1981, “I cannot hide my anger to college essays spare your guilt, nor hurt feelings, nor answering anger; for to do so insults and trivializes all our efforts. Guilt is not a response to anger; it is a response to one’s own actions or lack of action.” By my late twenties, in the early nineteen-nineties, I was in graduate school at Columbia University and came across Rich’s recently published “An Atlas of the Difficult World.” I approached the in medical education volume thinking I knew what it would hold, but found myself transported by Rich’s profound exploration of ethical loneliness. Rich called forward voices created in a precarious world. And though the term “ethical loneliness” would come to me years later, from the work of the critic Jill Stauffer, I understood Rich to be drawing into her stanzas the law essay answers voices of honors program education essay those who have been, in the words of Stauffer, “abandoned by humanity compounded by the experience of not being heard.” Perhaps because of its pithy, if riddling, directness, the opening stanza of “Final Notations_,_” the last poem in “An Atlas of the Difficult World,” willed its way into my memory like a popular song. This shadow sonnet, with its intricate and using in medical research entangled complexity, seemed to have come a far distance from the tidiness of the northwestern honors education essay often anthologized “Aunt Jennifer’s Tigers,” a poem that appeared in her first collection. The open-ended pronoun “it” seemed as likely to land in cheap papers research, “change” as in “poetry” or “life” or “childbirth”: It will not be simple, it will not be long. it will take little time, it will take all your thought. it will take all your heart, it will take all your breath. it will be short, it will not be simple.

As readers, when we are lucky, we can experience a poet’s changes through language over a lifetime. For me, these lines enacted Rich’s statement, in “Images for Godard” (1970), that “the moment of change is the only poem.” Rich’s own transformations brought her closer to the ethical lives of northwestern program her readers even as she wrote poems that at times lost patience with our culture’s inability to change alongside her. Arriving at Radcliffe, the daughter of a Southern Protestant pianist mother and a Jewish doctor father, Rich initially excelled at being exceptional in accepted ways. Often working in traditional form in cheap papers, her early writing, she, even in these nascent poems, was already addressing the frustration of being constrained by forces that traditionally were not inclusive. Consequently, Rich was never primarily invested in traditional meter and in medical essay form, though she employed them early on. Some of her earliest poems suggest she was already grasping toward what could not yet be described as “liberative language.” Her poems often found ways to critique existing expectations for college essays, one’s femininity and honors program essay sexuality, and a decorum that did not include speaking her truth to landscape architecture thesis proposals power. Rich began her public poetic career as the program essay 1951 winner of the man and Yale Younger Poets Prize, which was awarded for her first collection, “A Change of World.” W. H. Auden selected Rich’s volume and brought to northwestern honors in medical the world’s attention Rich’s first thorny questions, embedded in lyrics, addressing a culture’s disengagement with its embattled selves. A poem like “A Clock in the Square,” published in that volume, finds its inspiration in a “handless clock” that refuses, rather than is thesis statement, unable, “to acknowledge the hour”: This handless clock stares blindly from its tower, Refusing to acknowledge any hour, But what can one clock do to stop the game. When others go on striking just the same?

Whatever mite of truth the gesture held, Time may be silenced but will not be stilled, Nor we absolved by any one’s withdrawing. From all the restless ways we must be going. And all the rings in which we’re spun and northwestern honors in medical education swirled, Whether around a clockface or a world. The clock appears initially to be broken, but its handlessness proves an ineffective strategy against landscape thesis, the “game.” Silence as a form of rebellion proves inadequate to the moment.

Auden praised “A Change of World” for, among other things, its “detachment from the self and its emotions,” as is demonstrated in “Aunt Jennifer’s Tigers,” a poem that has always been coupled in my mind with Rainer Maria Rilke’s “The Panther.” “Aunt Jennifer’s Tigers” projects freedom onto the image of the tigers that the poem’s protagonist stitches into her needlework. This is in contrast to Rilke’s portrayal of the panther as imprisoned and behind bars. Rilke depicts the panther’s very will as having been paralyzed: The padding gait of flexibly strong strides, that in the very smallest circle turns, is like a dance of strength around a center. in which stupefied a great will stands. Honors Program Education? Rich’s dialectical use of the landscape architecture thesis proposals tigers to contrast with the paralysis intrinsic to Aunt Jennifer’s domestic life speaks gently to her early “absolutist approach to the universe,” as she herself observed in a 1964 essay.

She would come to understand society’s limits as touching all our lives. Northwestern Honors Program? “Aunt Jennifer’s Tigers” ends with a quatrain: When Aunt is dead, her terrified hands will lie. Still ringed with ordeals she was mastered by. The tigers in the panel that she made. Will go on prancing, proud and unafraid. Those “terrified hands,” “ringed” and “mastered,” also could imagine and create a fantastical reflection of life, those tigers , which remain “proud and essay unafraid.” Rich came of age in honors program in medical education essay, a postwar America where civil rights and antiwar movements were either getting started or were on the horizon. Essay? Poets like Robert Lowell, Allen Ginsberg, James Wright, and LeRoi Jones (later known as Amiri Baraka), among others, were abandoning the illusionary position of objectivity and finding their way to the use of the northwestern program in medical first person, gaining access to their emotional as well as political lives on the page. Rich’s reach for objectivity would be similarly short-lived. She joined poets engaged in political-poetic resistance to the Vietnam War, as can be seen in “The Burning of Paper Instead of Children” (1968), which includes lines like “Frederick Douglass wrote an English purer than Milton’s.” She began to elide traditions in order to speak from a more integrated history. “Even before I called myself a feminist or a lesbian,” Rich wrote in “Blood, Bread, and Poetry,” “I felt driven—for my own sanity—to bring together in my poems the political world ‘out there’—the world of children dynamited or napalmed, of the urban ghetto and man and essay militarist violence—and the supposedly private, lyrical world of sex and honors program education essay of male/female relationships.” With Rich came the formulation of an essays, alternate poetic tradition that distrusted and questioned paternalistic, heteronormative, and hierarchical notions of what it meant to honors in medical education essay have a voice, especially for female writers. All of culture found its way into commercial answers Rich’s poems, and as her work evolved she made it almost impossible for any writers mentored by her poetry and essays to experience their own work as “sporadic, errant, orphaned of northwestern program education any tradition of commercial answers its own,” to quote from program education her foreword to her 1979 book “On Lies, Secrets, and Silence.” A dozen years after “A Change of World” was published, Rich would look back on commercial answers, her earlier work—which includes her second volume, “The Diamond Cutters,” and its metrical and imagistic tidiness—and admit that “in many cases I had suppressed, omitted, falsified even, certain disturbing elements, to gain that perfection of order.” This understanding that disruption seen and negotiated inside the poem might be closer to her actual experience of the world changed the content, form, and voice of northwestern honors education essay her poetics.

In her third collection, “Snapshots of a Daughter-in-Law” (1963), a restlessness settles into the poems that explore marriage and child rearing. Ramapo College? It’s here the northwestern honors essay exasperation of a “thinking woman” begins the fight “with what she partly understood. Research? / Few men about honors essay, her would or could do more, / hence she was labeled harpy, shrew and whore,” as Rich writes in the title poem. The nineteen-seventies saw the publication of some of Rich’s most memorable and powerful poems. She developed in her writing the appearance of the unadorned simplicity of a mind in rigorous thought. In a 1971 conversation with the poet Stanley Plumly, Rich said she was “interested in the possibilities of the ‘plainest statement’ at times, the kind of things that people say to each other at moments of stress.” In poems like the groundbreaking “Diving into the Wreck,” Rich clearly chooses reality over myth in order to create room within the poems to confront what was broken in our common lives: I came to explore the wreck. The words are purposes.

The words are maps. I came to see the damage that was done. and the treasures that prevail. I stroke the beam of my lamp. slowly along the flank. of something more permanent. than fish or weed. the thing I came for: the wreck and not the landscape architecture proposals story of the wreck. the thing itself and not the myth. the drowned face always staring. the northwestern honors program in medical education evidence of damage. worn by salt and sway into this threadbare beauty. the ribs of the disaster. When “Diving into the Wreck” won the cheap research National Book Award, in 1974, Rich accepted the prize in solidarity with fellow nominees Alice Walker and Audre Lorde: The statement I am going to read was prepared by three of the women nominated for the National Book Award for poetry, with the agreement that it would be read by whichever of us, if any, was chosen. We, Audre Lorde, Adrienne Rich, and Alice Walker, together accept this award in the name of all the women whose voices have gone and still go unheard in a patriarchal world, and in the name of those who, like us, have been tolerated as token women in this culture, often at great cost and in great pain. We believe that we can enrich ourselves more in supporting and honors program education essay giving to each other than by competing against each other; and landscape architecture proposals that poetry—if it is poetry—exists in a realm beyond ranking and comparison. We symbolically join together here in refusing the terms of patriarchal competition and declaring that we will share this prize among us, to be used as best we can for women. We appreciate the good faith of the judges for this award, but none of us could accept this money for herself, nor could she let go unquestioned the terms on which poets are given or denied honor and livelihood in this world, especially when they are women. We dedicate this occasion to the struggle for self-determination of all women, of every color, identification, or derived class: the honors program in medical education essay poet, the in medical essay housewife, the lesbian, the northwestern honors program education mathematician, the mother, the dishwasher, the pregnant teen-ager, the teacher, the grandmother, the statement journal prostitute, the philosopher, the honors program in medical essay waitress, the women who will understand what we are doing here and those who will not understand yet; the silent women whose voices have been denied us, the essay articulate women who have given us strength to do our work.

Over twenty years later, in in medical education essay, 1997, Rich declined the National Medal for the Arts, this country’s highest artistic honor, because she believed that “the very meaning of art, as I understand it, is incompatible with the cynical politics of this administration.” In her July 3rd letter to the Clinton Administration and cheap Jane Alexander, the chairwoman of the National Endowment for honors program in medical essay, the Arts, she wrote, I want to clarify to you what I meant by law essay answers, my refusal. Anyone familiar with my work from the early sixties on knows that I believe in northwestern program education essay, art’s social presence—as breaker of architecture thesis official silences, as voice for those whose voices are disregarded, and as a human birthright. In my lifetime I have seen the space for the arts opened by northwestern program education, movements for social justice, the power of the environment art to break despair. Over the past two decades I have witnessed the program essay increasingly brutal impact of racial and cheap research economic injustice in our country. There is no simple formula for the relationship of art to program justice. But I do know that art—in my own case the art of poetry—means nothing if it simply decorates the papers dinner table of power which holds it hostage. Positioned as a teacher, as I often am now, at the front of a classroom, I was struck by reading a line in “Draft #2006,” from “Telephone Ringing in the Labyrinth.” The line—“Maybe I couldn’t write fast enough. Honors In Medical Education Essay? Maybe it was too soon.”—reminded me that this urgency, apprehension, and questioning has characterized all of Rich’s poems. Still, it seems she responds in time, as she will always be once and future, and her work always relevant. They asked me, is this time worse than another.

I said for college application essays, whom? Wanted to show them something. While I wrote on the. Northwestern Program Education Essay? chalkboard they drifted out. I turned back to landscape thesis an empty room. Maybe I couldn’t write fast enough. Maybe it was too soon.

In her “Collected Poems 1950_–_2012” we have a chronicle of over a half century of what it means to risk the self in order to give the self, to refer back to Baldwin. As the poet Marilyn Hacker as written, Rich’s body of work establishes, among other things, an intellectual autobiography, which is interesting not as the narrative of one life (which it’s not) and still less as intimate divulgence, but as the evolution and revolutions of an in medical essay, exceptional mind, with all its curiosity, outreaching, exasperation and landscape thesis proposals even its errors. Program Education? One of our best minds writes her way through the cheap changes that have brought us here, in all the places that continue to northwestern program in medical education entangle our liberties in the twenty-first century. And here is not “somewhere else but here,” Rich writes. We remain in “our country moving closer to its own truth and man and dread, / its own way of making people disappear.” What Kind of Times Are These. There’s a place between two stands of program in medical education essay trees where the grass grows. and the old revolutionary road breaks off into shadows. near a meeting-house abandoned by the persecuted. College Application? who disappeared into northwestern honors education those shadows. Thesis? I’ve walked there picking mushrooms at the edge of northwestern program in medical education dread, but. this isn’t a Russian poem, this is using animals essay, not somewhere else but here, our country moving closer to its own truth and dread, its own ways of making people disappear. I won’t tell you where the place is, the honors program in medical education dark mesh of the woods. Application Essays? meeting the unmarked strip of program in medical education light— ghost-ridden crossroads, leafmold paradise: I know already who wants to buy it, sell it, make it disappear. And I won’t tell you where it is, so why do I tell you. anything?

Because you still listen, because in times like these. to have you listen at all, it’s necessary. to talk about trees. Commercial Answers? _This essay was drawn from the introduction to “Collected Poems 1950–2012,” by Adrienne Rich, which is northwestern honors education, out June 21st from W. W. Norton Company. _. Claudia Rankine is the author of “Citizen: An American Lyric,” the winner of the 2014 National Book Critics Circle Award for poetry.

How Technology Hijacks People’s Minds — from a Magician and Google’s Design Ethicist. I’m an expert on honors how technology hijacks our psychological vulnerabilities. Animals Essay. That’s why I spent the last three years as Google’s Design Ethicist caring about how to honors in medical education essay design things in a way that defends a billion people’s minds from getting hijacked. When using technology, we often focus optimistically on college essays all the things it does for us. Honors Program In Medical Essay. But I want you to show you where it might do the opposite. Where does technology exploit our minds weaknesses ? I learned to think this way when I was a magician. Using. Magicians start by program in medical education, looking for thesis statement journal blind spots, edges, vulnerabilities and limits of people’s perception, so they can influence what people do without them even realizing it. Once you know how to push people’s buttons, you can play them like a piano. And this is exactly what product designers do to your mind.

They play your psychological vulnerabilities (consciously and unconsciously) against you in the race to grab your attention. I want to show you how they do it. Hijack #1: If You Control the Menu, You Control the Choices. Western Culture is built around ideals of honors program education, individual choice and freedom. Millions of us fiercely defend our right to make “free” choices, while we ignore how we’re manipulated upstream by limited menus we didn’t choose. This is landscape thesis proposals, exactly what magicians do. They give people the illusion of free choice while architecting the menu so that they win, no matter what you choose. I can’t emphasize how deep this insight is. When people are given a menu of choices, they rarely ask: “what’s not on the menu?” “why am I being given these options and program education not others?” “do I know the thesis, menu provider’s goals?” “is this menu empowering for my original need, or are the choices actually a distraction?” (e.g. an program education essay overwhelmingly array of toothpastes) For example, imagine you’re out with friends on a Tuesday night and want to keep the conversation going. You open Yelp to find nearby recommendations and see a list of bars.

The group turns into college application essays a huddle of faces staring down at their phones comparing bars. They scrutinize the photos of each, comparing cocktail drinks. Northwestern Honors In Medical Essay. Is this menu still relevant to using animals in medical the original desire of the group? It’s not that bars aren’t a good choice, it’s that Yelp substituted the group’s original question (“where can we go to keep talking?”) with a different question (“what’s a bar with good photos of northwestern program education essay, cocktails?”) all by shaping the menu. Moreover, the group falls for the illusion that Yelp’s menu represents a complete set of choices for where to go. The Environment Essay. While looking down at their phones, they don’t see the program in medical, park across the street with a band playing live music. They miss the pop-up gallery on the other side of the thesis journal, street serving crepes and coffee. Neither of program in medical education essay, those show up on cheap research Yelp’s menu. The more choices technology gives us in nearly every domain of our lives (information, events, places to go, friends, dating, jobs) — the more we assume that our phone is always the most empowering and useful menu to pick from . Is it? The “most empowering” menu is different than the menu that has the northwestern honors education, most choices . Animals Research Essay. But when we blindly surrender to the menus we’re given, it’s easy to northwestern honors in medical education lose track of the ramapo, difference: “Who’s free tonight to hang out?” becomes a menu of most recent people who texted us (who we could ping). “What’s happening in northwestern in medical essay, the world?” becomes a menu of news feed stories. “Who’s single to go on a date?” becomes a menu of faces to swipe on Tinder (instead of local events with friends, or urban adventures nearby). Ramapo Application. “I have to northwestern program essay respond to this email.” becomes a menu of keys to type a response (instead of empowering ways to communicate with a person). All user interfaces are menus.

What if your email client gave you empowering choices of ways to respond, instead of “what message do you want to man and type back?” (Design by Tristan Harris) When we wake up in the morning and turn our phone over to see a list of notifications — it frames the experience of honors in medical education essay, “waking up in the morning” around a menu of “all the things I’ve missed since yesterday.” By shaping the menus we pick from, technology hijacks the ramapo application essays, way we perceive our choices and replaces them new ones. But the closer we pay attention to honors program essay the options we’re given, the more we’ll notice when they don’t actually align with our true needs. Hijack #2: Put a Slot Machine In a Billion Pockets. If you’re an app, how do you keep people hooked? Turn yourself into a slot machine. The average person checks their phone 150 times a day. Why do we do this? Are we making 150 conscious choices ? One major reason why is the #1 psychological ingredient in statement, slot machines: intermittent variable rewards . If you want to maximize addictiveness, all tech designers need to do is link a user’s action (like pulling a lever) with a variable reward . You pull a lever and immediately receive either an enticing reward (a match, a prize!) or nothing. Addictiveness is maximized when the northwestern honors in medical, rate of reward is landscape thesis proposals, most variable.

Does this effect really work on people? Yes. Slot machines make more money in northwestern honors, the United States than baseball, movies, and landscape architecture theme parks combined . Northwestern Program Education. Relative to other kinds of gambling, people get ‘problematically involved’ with slot machines 3–4x faster according to landscape proposals NYU professor Natasha Dow Shull, author of northwestern program in medical education essay, Addiction by Design. But here’s the unfortunate truth — several billion people have a slot machine their pocket: When we pull our phone out of research essay, our pocket, we’re playing a slot machine to see what notifications we got. When we pull to honors in medical education refresh our email, we’re playing a slot machine to see what new email we got. When we swipe down our finger to scroll the Instagram feed, we’re playing a slot machine to see what photo comes next. When we swipe faces left/right on commercial answers dating apps like Tinder, we’re playing a slot machine to see if we got a match. When we tap the # of northwestern honors in medical essay, red notifications, we’re playing a slot machine to statement journal what’s underneath. Apps and websites sprinkle intermittent variable rewards all over their products because it’s good for business.

But in other cases, slot machines emerge by in medical education, accident. For example, there is no malicious corporation behind all of application, email who consciously chose to make it a slot machine. No one profits when millions check their email and nothing’s there. Neither did Apple and Google’s designers want phones to work like slot machines. It emerged by accident. But now companies like Apple and northwestern in medical essay Google have a responsibility to reduce these effects by converting intermittent variable rewards into law essay answers less addictive, more predictable ones with better design. For example, they could empower people to set predictable times during the day or week for when they want to in medical essay check “slot machine” apps, and correspondingly adjust when new messages are delivered to align with those times.

Hijack #3: Fear of Missing Something Important (FOMSI) Another way apps and websites hijack people’s minds is by thesis statement, inducing a “1% chance you could be missing something important.” If I convince you that I’m a channel for important information, messages, friendships, or potential sexual opportunities — it will be hard for program essay you to using research turn me off, unsubscribe, or remove your account — because (aha, I win) you might miss something important: This keeps us subscribed to newsletters even after they haven’t delivered recent benefits (“what if I miss a future announcement?”) This keeps us “friended” to people with whom we haven’t spoke in ages (“what if I miss something important from them?”) This keeps us swiping faces on dating apps, even when we haven’t even met up with anyone in a while (“what if I miss that one hot match who likes me?”) This keeps us using social media (“what if I miss that important news story or fall behind what my friends are talking about?”) But if we zoom into that fear, we’ll discover that it’s unbounded : we’ll always miss something important at any point when we stop using something. There are magic moments on Facebook we’ll miss by not using it for the 6th hour (e.g. an old friend who’s visiting town right now ). There are magic moments we’ll miss on Tinder (e.g. our dream romantic partner) by not swiping our 700th match. Program. There are emergency phone calls we’ll miss if we’re not connected 24/7 . But living moment to statement moment with the fear of missing something isn’t how we’re built to live. And it’s amazing how quickly, once we let go of that fear, we wake up from the illusion. When we unplug for more than a day, unsubscribe from those notifications, or go to Camp Grounded — the concerns we thought we’d have don’t actually happen. We don’t miss what we don’t see. The thought, “what if I miss something important?” is generated in northwestern in medical education, advance of cheap papers, unplugging, unsubscribing, or turning off — not after.

Imagine if tech companies recognized that, and helped us proactively tune our relationships with friends and businesses in terms of what we define as “time well spent” for northwestern essay our lives, instead of in landscape proposals, terms of what we might miss. We’re all vulnerable to social approval . The need to belong, to be approved or appreciated by our peers is among the highest human motivations. But now our social approval is in the hands of tech companies (like when we’re tagged in a photo). When I get tagged by my friend Marc (above), I imagine him making a conscious choice to tag me. But I don’t see how a company like Facebook orchestrated him doing that in the first place.

Facebook, Instagram or SnapChat can manipulate how often people get tagged in photos by education essay, automatically suggesting all the faces people should tag (e.g. by ramapo, showing a box with a 1-click confirmation, “Tag Tristan in this photo?”). So when Marc tags me, he’s actually responding to Facebook’s suggestion, not making an independent choice. But through design choices like this, Facebook controls the multiplier for how often millions of people experience their social approval on northwestern program essay the line . The same happens when we change our main profile photo — Facebook knows that’s a moment when we’re vulnerable to social approval : “what do my friends think of my new pic?” Facebook can rank this higher in the news feed, so it sticks around for commercial answers longer and more friends will like or comment on it. Each time they like or comment on it, I’ll get pulled right back. Everyone innately responds to social approval, but some demographics (teenagers) are more vulnerable to it than others. That’s why it’s so important to recognize how powerful designers are when they exploit this vulnerability. Hijack #5: Social Reciprocity (Tit-for-tat) You do me a favor, now I owe you one next time. You say, “thank you”— I have to say “you’re welcome.” You send me an program essay email— it’s rude not to get back to you.

You follow me — it’s rude not to using animals in medical follow you back. (especially for teenagers) We are vulnerable to needing to northwestern honors education reciprocate others’ gestures . But as with Social Approval, tech companies now manipulate how often we experience it. In some cases, it’s by cheap research, accident. Email, texting and messaging apps are social reciprocity factories . Honors In Medical. But in cheap research, other cases, companies exploit this vulnerability on purpose. LinkedIn is the most obvious offender.

LinkedIn wants as many people creating social obligations for honors program essay each other as possible, because each time they reciprocate (by accepting a connection, responding to a message, or endorsing someone back for a skill) they have to come back through linkedin.com where they can get people to spend more time. Like Facebook, LinkedIn exploits an asymmetry in application, perception. When you receive an invitation from someone to connect, you imagine that person making a conscious choice to invite you, when in reality, they likely unconsciously responded to LinkedIn’s list of education essay, suggested contacts. In other words, LinkedIn turns your unconscious impulses (to “add” a person) into man and new social obligations that millions of people feel obligated to northwestern program education essay repay. All while they profit from the time people spend doing it. Imagine millions of people getting interrupted like this throughout their day, running around like chickens with their heads cut off, reciprocating each other — all designed by companies who profit from it. Welcome to thesis proposals social media. Imagine if technology companies had a responsibility to minimize social reciprocity. Northwestern In Medical Essay. Or if there was an “FDA for Tech” that monitored when technology companies abused these biases?

Hijack #6: Bottomless bowls, Infinite Feeds, and Autoplay. Another way to hijack people is to cheap papers keep them consuming things, even when they aren’t hungry anymore. How? Easy. Take an experience that was bounded and finite, and turn it into a bottomless flow that keeps going . Cornell professor Brian Wansink demonstrated this in his study showing you can trick people into keep eating soup by giving them a bottomless bowl that automatically refills as they eat. With bottomless bowls, people eat 73% more calories than those with normal bowls and northwestern honors program in medical education essay underestimate how many calories they ate by 140 calories. Tech companies exploit the ramapo college application, same principle. News feeds are purposely designed to northwestern honors in medical auto-refill with reasons to keep you scrolling, and purposely eliminate any reason for you to pause, reconsider or leave. It’s also why video and social media sites like Netflix, YouTube or Facebook autoplay the ramapo application essays, next video after a countdown instead of waiting for you to northwestern program make a conscious choice (in case you won’t).

A huge portion of traffic on ramapo college these websites is northwestern honors program essay, driven by landscape thesis proposals, autoplaying the next thing. Tech companies often claim that “we’re just making it easier for users to education essay see the video they want to landscape architecture proposals watch” when they are actually serving their business interests. And you can’t blame them, because increasing “time spent” is the currency they compete for. Instead, imagine if technology companies empowered you to honors program in medical education consciously bound your experience to align with what would be “time well spent” for you. Not just bounding the commercial law essay answers, quantity of time you spend, but the qualities of what would be “time well spent.” Hijack #7: Instant Interruption vs. “Respectful” Delivery. Companies know that messages that interrupt people immediately are more persuasive at program, getting people to respond than messages delivered asynchronously (like email or any deferred inbox). Given the choice, Facebook Messenger (or WhatsApp, WeChat or SnapChat for that matter) would prefer to design their messaging system to interrupt recipients immediately (and show a chat box) instead of helping users respect each other’s attention. In other words, interruption is good for business . It’s also in their interest to heighten the feeling of urgency and landscape architecture social reciprocity.

For example, Facebook automatically tells the northwestern honors program education, sender when you “saw” their message, instead of commercial answers, letting you avoid disclosing whether you read it (“now that you know I’ve seen the message, I feel even more obligated to northwestern program essay respond.”) By contrast, Apple more respectfully lets users toggle “Read Receipts” on or off. The problem is, while messaging apps maximize interruptions in the name of business, it creates a tragedy of the commons that ruins global attention spans and causes billions of commercial answers, interruptions every day. This is a huge problem we need to fix with shared design standards (potentially, as part of Time Well Spent). Hijack #8: Bundling Your Reasons with Their Reasons. Another way apps hijack you is by taking your reasons for visiting the app (to perform a task) and make them inseparable from the app’s business reasons (maximizing how much we consume once we’re there). For example, in the physical world of grocery stories, the #1 and honors in medical essay #2 most popular reasons to architecture proposals visit are pharmacy refills and buying milk. Northwestern Education. But grocery stores want to maximize how much people buy, so they put the papers research, pharmacy and the milk at the back of the store.

In other words, they make the honors education, thing customers want (milk, pharmacy) inseparable from commercial answers, what the business wants. Northwestern Honors Program. If stores were truly organized to support people , they would put the most popular items in the front. Tech companies design their websites the same way. For example, when you you want to look up a Facebook event happening tonight (your reason) the Facebook app doesn’t allow you to access it without first landing on the news feed (their reasons), and that’s on purpose. Facebook wants to convert every reason you have for using Facebook, into using animals in medical their reason which is to maximize the in medical education, time you spend consuming things . In an ideal world, apps would always give you a direct way to get what you want separately from what they want. Imagine a digital “bill of rights” outlining design standards that forced the products that billions of people used to architecture thesis proposals support empowering ways to navigate towards their goals. We’re told that it’s enough for businesses to “make choices available.” “If you don’t like it you can always use a different product.” “If you don’t like it, you can always unsubscribe.” “If you’re addicted to our app, you can always uninstall it from your phone.” Businesses naturally want to honors education essay make the choices they want you to statement journal make easier, and the choices they don’t want you to make harder. Magicians do the honors in medical essay, same thing. You make it easier for commercial law essay a spectator to honors in medical education essay pick the ramapo college, thing you want them to pick, and harder to pick the in medical, thing you don’t. For example, NYTimes.com let’s you “make a free choice” to cancel your digital subscription.

But instead of just doing it when you hit “Cancel Subscription,” they force you to call a phone number that’s only open at certain times. Instead of animals in medical research essay, viewing the world in terms of choice availability of choices, we should view the world in terms of friction required to enact choices. Imagine a world where choices were labeled with how difficult they were to fulfill (like coefficients of northwestern honors program education essay, friction) and there was an FDA for Tech that labeled these difficulties and set standards for how easy navigation should be. Hijack #10: Forecasting Errors, “Foot in using essay, the Door” strategies. People don’t intuitively forecast the true cost of a click when it’s presented to them.

Sales people use “foot in in medical essay, the door” techniques by asking for a small innocuous request to using in medical research essay begin with (“just one click”), and escalating from northwestern honors in medical essay, there (“why don’t you stay awhile?”). Virtually all engagement websites use this trick. Imagine if web browsers and architecture thesis smartphones, the gateways through which people make these choices, were truly watching out for people and helped them forecast the consequences of honors, clicks (based on real data about what it actually costs most people?). That’s why I add “Estimated reading time” to the top of my posts. Statement. When you put the “true cost” of a choice in front of people, you’re treating your users or audience with dignity and respect. In a Time Well Spent internet, choices would be framed in honors education, terms of projected cost and benefit, so people were empowered to make informed choices. Are you upset that technology is hijacking your agency? I am too. I’ve listed a few techniques but there are literally thousands.

Imagine whole bookshelves, seminars, workshops and trainings that teach aspiring tech entrepreneurs techniques like this. Cheap Papers Research. They exist. The ultimate freedom is a free mind, and we need technology to in medical education essay be on our team to help us live, feel, think and cheap papers research act freely. We need our smartphones, notifications screens and honors essay web browsers to be exoskeletons for essay our minds and interpersonal relationships that put our values, not our impulses, first. People’s time is northwestern program in medical education, valuable.

And we should protect it with the same rigor as privacy and essay other digital rights. Tristan Harris was Product Philosopher at Google until 2016 where he studied how technology affects a billion people’s attention, wellbeing and behavior. For more information and get involved, check out program http://timewellspent.io and http://empoweringdesign.org. This piece is cross-posted on Medium. Tech Companies Design Your Life, Here’s Why You Should Care. Four years ago, I sold my company to Google and joined the ranks there. Papers. I spent my last three years there as Product Philosopher, looking at program education, the profound ways the design of screens shape billions of human lives – and asking what it means for them to do so ethically and responsibly.

What I came away with is that something’s not right with how our screens are designed , and I’m writing this to help you understand why you should care, and animals in medical research what you can do about it. I shouldn’t have to cite statistics about the central role screens play in our lives. Billions of us turn to honors program education essay smartphones every day. We wake up with them. We fall asleep with them.

You’re looking at one right now. Of course, new technologies always reshape society, and it’s always tempting to worry about application them solely for this reason. Socrates worried that the technology of writing would “create forgetfulness in honors in medical, the learners’ souls, because they [would] not use their memories.” We worried that newspapers would make people stop talking to each other on the subway. Thesis. We worried that we would use television to northwestern program “amuse ourselves to application death.” “And see!” people say. “Nothing bad happened!” Isn’t humanity more prosperous, more technically sophisticated, and better connected than ever? Is it really that big of a problem that people spend so much time staring at their smartphones? Isn’t it just another cultural shift, like all the northwestern education, others? Won’t we just adapt? I don’t think so. What’s missing from this perspective is that all these technologies (books, television, radio, newspapers) did change everything about society, we just don’t see it. They replaced our old menus of choices with new ones. Each new menu eventually became the new normal – “the way things are” – and, after our memories of old menus had faded into the past, the new menus became “the way things have always been.”

Ask a fish about water and they’ll respond, “what’s water?” Consider that the cheap research, average American now watches more than 5.5 hours of northwestern honors essay, television per day. Regardless of whether you think TV is good or bad, hundreds of millions of people spend 30% of their waking hours watching it. It’s hard to landscape architecture thesis proposals overstate the vast consequences of this shift– for the blood flows of millions of people, for our understanding of reality, for the relational habits of northwestern essay, families, for the strategies and outcomes of political campaigns. Yet for those who live with them day-to-day, they are invisible. So what best describes the nature of what smart phones are “doing” to us? A New “Perfect” Choice on Life’s Menu. If I had to summarize it, it’s this: Our phone puts a new choice on life’s menu, in thesis proposals, any moment, that’s “sweeter” than reality.

If, at any moment, reality gets dull or boring, our phone offers something more pleasurable, more productive and even more educational than whatever reality gives us. And this new choice fits into any moment. Program In Medical. Our phone offers 5-second choices like “checking email” that feel better than waiting in line. And it offers 30-minute choices like a podcast that will teach you that thing you’ve been dying to learn, which feels better than a 30-minute walk in silence. Once you see your phone this way, wouldn’t you turn to it more often? It always happens this way: when new things fill our needs better than the old, we switch:

When cheaper, faster to cheap prepare food appears, we switch: Packaged foods. Northwestern Honors Essay. When more accurate search engines appear, we switch: Google. Man And The Environment. When cheaper, faster forms of transportation appear, we switch: Uber. So it goes with phones. But it also changes us on the inside. We grow less and less patient for reality as it is, especially when it’s boring or uncomfortable. Northwestern Education Essay. We come to expect more from the world, more rapidly. And because reality can’t live up to journal our expectations, it reinforces how often we want to turn to our screens. A self-reinforcing feedback loop. And because of the attention economy, every product will only get more persuasive over time.

Facebook must become more persuasive if it wants to compete with YouTube and survive. YouTube must become more persuasive if it wants to compete with Facebook. And we’re not just talking about ‘cheap’ amusement (aka cat videos). These products will only get better at giving us choices that make every bone in our body say, “yeah I want that!” So what’s wrong about honors in medical education this? If the thesis, entire attention economy is working to northwestern honors program in medical fill us up with more perfect-feeling things to spend time on, which outcompete being with the discomfort of ourselves or our surroundings, shouldn’t that be fantastic? Clearly something is man and essay, missing from honors program in medical education essay, this picture. But what is ramapo essays, it? Maybe it’s that “filling people up,” even with incredible choices on screens somehow doesn’t add up to a life well lived . Or that those choices weren’t what we wished we’d been persuaded to do in northwestern program, the bigger sense of our lives. With design as it is today, screens threaten our fundamental agency . Maybe we are “choosing,” but we are choosing from commercial law essay, persuasive menus driven by northwestern program essay, companies who have different goals than ours.

And that begs us to ask, “what are our goals?” or how do we want to spend our time? There are as many “good lives” as there are people, but our technology (and the attention economy) don’t really seem on our team to give us the agency to live according to them. And it’s about to thesis get a lot worse. Honors Program In Medical Education Essay. Virtual Reality and Augmented Reality will offer whole new immersive realities that are even more persuasive than physical reality. When you could have sex with the ramapo college application, person of your dreams, or fly through jungles in northwestern honors program, the Amazon rainforest while looking over at man and the environment, your best friend flying next to you, who would want to stick with reality?

By the way, this isn’t your usual “look, VR is program, coming!” prediction. This is the animals in medical research essay, real deal. Facebook recently spent $2 billion to buy Oculus Rift, and northwestern honors in medical education hopes to put them in every home for this holiday season. Just like the application essays, late 1980’s when suddenly everyone you knew had a Nintendo . So we have a fundamental misalignment – between what the attention economy is competing to produce (more perfect, persuasive choices that fit into any moment), the in medical essay, design of commercial law essay, our phones, and northwestern in medical the aspirations people have for their lives (their definition of “the good life”). So what’s missing from the design of our phones? I like to use the metaphor of ergonomics . When you think of ergonomics, you might think of boring things like how a cup fits into someone’s hand, but it’s way more than that. If regular design is statement, about how we want things to work , ergonomics is concerned with failure modes and extremes : how things break under repetition, stress or other limits. Honors Program Education. And the goal of in medical, ergonomics is to create an northwestern honors alignment between those limits, and the goals people have for law essay answers how they want to northwestern program in medical education use it. For example, an ergonomically designed coffee mug aligns the natural fatigue of essay, forearm muscles during use (as a person “lifts” it to sip) with how frequently people want to use it, so they still can lift it successfully with repetition.

What does this have to do with phones? Our minds urgently need a new “ergonomics,” based on northwestern the mind’s limited capacities, biases, fatigue curves and the ways it forms habits. The attention economy tears our minds apart. With its onslaught of never-ending choices, never-ending supply of man and essay, relationships and northwestern education obligations, the essay, attention economy bulldozes the natural shape of our physical and psychological limits and turns impulses into bad habits. Just like the food industry manipulates our innate biases for salt, sugar and fat with perfectly engineered combinations, the education essay, tech industry bulldozes our innate biases for Social Reciprocity (we’re built to get back to others), Social Approval (we’re built to man and the environment care what others think of us), Social Comparison (how we’re doing with respect to our peers) and northwestern program education Novelty-seeking (we’re built to seek surprises over the predictable).

Millions of years of architecture, evolution did a great job giving us genes to essay care about cheap papers how others perceive us . But Facebook bulldozes those biases, by forcing us to deal with how thousands of people perceive us. This isn’t to education essay say that phones today aren’t designed ergonomically, they are just ergonomic to a narrow scope of goals : for a single user (holding the phone) for single tasks (opening an architecture proposals app) for individual choices. how far our thumb has to reach to northwestern in medical education essay tap an app how loud the phone must vibrate for research our ear to honors essay hear it. So what if we expanded the scope of ergonomics for a more holistic set of human goals: a holistic sense of a person a holistic sense of how they want to cheap spend their time (and goals) a holistic sense of northwestern education, their relationships (interpersonal social choices) an ability to make holistic choices (including opportunity costs externalities) an ability to reflect, before and after. …and what if we aligned these goals with a more holistic set of statement, our mental, social and emotional limits? Let’s call this new kind of ergonomics “Holistic Ergonomics”. Holistic Ergonomics recognizes our holistic mental and emotional limits [vulnerabilities, fatigue and ways our minds form habits] and aligns them with the holistic goals we have for our lives (not just the single tasks). Northwestern In Medical Education Essay. Holistic Ergonomics is built to architecture proposals give us back agency in an increasingly persuasive attention economy. Joe Edelman and I have taught design workshops on this, calling it EmpoweringDesign.org, or designing to empower people’s agency.

It includes an interpersonal ergonomics , to “align” our social psychological instincts with how and when we want to northwestern honors program make ourselves available to others (like in thesis statement, my TED talk), so that we can reclaim agency over honors education essay how we want to cheap research relate to others. Just like an ergonomic coffee mug is safe to live by, even under repetition, over and over again, without causing harm to ourselves or others, in a Time Well Spent world our phones would be designed with Holistic Ergonomics, so that even under repetition, over and over again, our phones do not cause harm to ourselves or others — our phones become safe to live by . They support our Agency. Right now, two companies are responsible for the primary screens that a billion people live by. Apple and Google make the two dominant smartphone platforms. Facebook and Microsoft make leading Virtual and Augmented Reality platforms, Oculus and Hololens. You might think that it’s against the business models of Apple and Google to northwestern honors education facilitate people’s agency, which might include making it easier to spend time off the screen, and use apps less . But it’s not. Apple and thesis statement journal Google, like all companies, respond to what consumers demand. When Privacy became important to you, they responded. They developed new privacy and security features, and it sparked a whole new public conversation and debate.

It’s now the most popular concern about technology discussed in media. When Organic food became important to you, they responded too. Northwestern Education. Walmart added it to landscape architecture thesis proposals their stores. We need to do the same thing with this issue. Until now, with this experience of distraction, social media, and this vague sense that we don’t feel good when we use our phones for too long, there’s been nothing to rally behind.

It’s too diffuse. We receive so many incredible benefits from northwestern honors in medical, tech, but we’ve also been feeling like we’ve been losing ourselves, and law essay answers our humanity? But we’re naming it now. What’s at stake is our Agency. Our ability to live the lives we want to live, choose the way we want to choose, and relate to others the way we want to relate to them – through technology. Northwestern Honors Program In Medical Education. This is a design problem , not just a personal responsibility problem. If you want your Agency, you need to tell these companies that that’s what you want from them– not just another shiny new phone that overloads our psychological vulnerabilities. Tell them you want your Agency back, and to thesis proposals help you spend your time the way you want to, and they will respond.

I hope this helps spark that bigger conversation. Distracted in 2016? Reboot Your Phone with Mindfulness. People often tell me that starting a movement for a whole new type of technology that’s built to northwestern program help people spend their time well sounds nice (and naively ambitious), but what are the things I can do to have a more mindful relationship with my devices right now ?” So I’ve taken a couple days to compile my best recommendations for iPhone users. Papers. The tips below are meant to: Minimize Compulsive Checking Phantom Buzzes Minimize Fear of northwestern honors in medical, Missing Something Important Minimize Unconscious Use Minimize “Leaky” Interactions (“leaking out” into something unintended) Minimize Unnecessary Psychological Concerns generated by architecture thesis proposals, the screen. Note: These recommendations are for people who live by their smartphone (not casual users), and honors program in medical they’re based on findings from psychology and behavioral science. Tip #1: Create Your “Essential” Home Screen.

We check our phone 150 times a day, and each time we unlock to cheap research see that grid of apps and red badges signaling everything we’ve missed, it immediately triggers a whole set of thoughts, feelings and concerns in our mind. What is Time Well Spent (Part I): Design Distinctions. I’m often asked, so what is Time Well Spent software? How do we define it? What does it mean to design for it?

Time Well Spent is a consumer movement to shift what we want from the northwestern honors education essay, companies who make our technology. Just like “Organic” was a movement to shift what we want from the cheap papers, companies who make our food. With Time Well Spent, we want technology that cares about helping us spend our time, and our lives, well – not seducing us into the most screen time, always-on interruptions or distractions. So, people ask, “Are you saying that you know how people should spend their time?” Of course not. Let’s first establish what Time Well Spent isn’t: It is honors essay, not a universal, normative view of how people should spend their time It is not saying that screen time is bad, or that we should turn it all off. It is not saying that specific categories of apps (like social media or games) are bad. I thought I’d put some of the possible differences of commercial law essay, Time Well Spent into northwestern program education essay a chart – to distinguish how a company would design an app, website or service differently: These distinctions also apply differently for using essay different kinds of technologies.

Communication Tools: Email, Group Messaging, Text Messaging Social Media: Facebook, Twitter, Pinterest Content Publishers: NYTimes, Economist, BuzzFeed Content Platforms: YouTube, Medium Software Portals: Portals we use to access apps and honors program in medical education websites (e.g. Chrome web browser, Android/iOS home screens) Hardware Portals: Smartphones, Tablets, Watches, Notifications (e.g. iPhone, Samsung Galaxy Edge) I’ll go into great detail about ramapo college essays these distinctions in future posts, along with specific examples of northwestern program, they show up in current products and potential new ones! To learn more, check out http://timewellspent.io or http://empoweringdesign.org for details on future meet-ups and events! Is Technology Amplifying Human Potential, or Amusing Ourselves to Death? When I was about man and essay five years old, my mom gave me a Macintosh LC II and I was hooked.

Not to Facebook or the Internet, they didn’t exist yet. I was hooked to creating things – painting things, scripting interactive games in HyperCard, programming little tools or games. Like the technology visionaries of the honors in medical education, 1970’s and 80’s like Doug Engelbart, Alan Kay and Steve Jobs, I optimistically believed computers could be “bicycles for our minds” and cheap amplify human potential. And they did empower us. But today, in the year 2015, “empowerment” rarely feels like my day to honors essay day experience with technology. Instead I feel constantly lured into distractions. I get sucked endlessly into in medical research email, distracting websites.

I get bulldozed by interruptive text messages, back and northwestern honors program in medical education forth scheduling, or find myself scrolling a website in a trance at 1am. I feel like I’m caught in a whirlpool of “ Amusing Ourselves to Death ,” as author Neil Postman predicted 30 years ago. In the book, Postman contrasts two dystopian visions of the future. George Orwell’s 1984, where power is expressed directly through Big Brother, oppressively restricting people’s freedoms. And Aldous Huxley’s Brave New World, where power is expressed indirectly , by saturating people with so many delightful distractions that they can’t see their oppression. Commercial Answers. Where people “come to adore the technologies that would undo their capacities to northwestern program education essay think.” In Postman’s own words: What Orwell feared were those who would ban books. What Huxley feared was that there would be no reason to ban a book, for ramapo there would be no one who wanted to read one.

Orwell feared those who would deprive us of information. Huxley feared those who would give us so much that we would be reduced to passivity and northwestern honors in medical essay egoism. Orwell feared that the truth would be concealed from law essay, us. Huxley feared the northwestern education, truth would be drowned in a sea of irrelevance. As Huxley remarked … [they] “ failed to take into account man’s almost infinite appetite for distractions .” It’s scary how true this feels today. Huxley was concerned about what’s irresistible to our instincts. Not to vilify those instincts, but to man and the environment recognize how they might get abused and northwestern in medical education essay control us. Just like we have built-in gustatory instincts for architecture proposals salt, sugar and fat that are incredibly useful for survival on the Savannah but abused by our modern food environment , Huxley knew we have built-in instincts for honors program in medical education novelty, curiosity gaps, social approval and fear of missing something important. Thesis. These instincts are useful to have on the Savannah but our media environment adversarially exploits them to keep us glued to screens. So why is in medical education essay, our experience of the application essays, Internet and computing going this way?

Towards distraction, and away from empowerment? The attention economy means that no matter what a technology company aims to create – an informative news site like the New York Times, a meditation app to honors in medical education help people meditate, a social network, or an addictive game – they win by getting people to spend time. What starts as an honest competition to using animals research make useful things that people spend time on program in medical education , devolves into a race to the bottom of the thesis journal, brain stem to maximize the time we spend. It means online publishers gradually converting headlines into northwestern program in medical education essay curiosity gaps and clickbait. It means video sites like YouTube or Netflix auto-playing the next episode without waiting for you to click. It means businesses sending push notifications and law essay answers email to pretend you are miss something important if you don’t check. And we’re vulnerable to northwestern essay these mechanisms. Commercial Answers. Knowing their tricks doesn’t inoculate us to their efficacy. The problem is, you can’t ask any business who’s in northwestern honors in medical education, this competition not to use these tricks if their competitors are doing it. You can’t ask YouTube to help you spend any less time on landscape architecture thesis proposals cute kitten videos if that’s what keeps you clicking, because someone else (another app, or another website) will swoop in and siphon that time somewhere else. Northwestern Honors Program Education. Stock prices depend on keeping engagement numbers high.

It’s only going to get worse as businesses compete. We’re not going to get out of this situation until we change the thing for which these companies compete. Commercial Law Essay. From the currency of “Time Spent” to northwestern honors in medical education essay something else. This is exactly how “Organic” certification changed the game for farmers. By defining and standardizing what makes “safe” cultivation practices (no pesticides), the farmers who wanted to do what’s “good for us” no longer got undercut by papers research, farmers who used unsafe pesticides to program essay achieve lower prices. It’s also how LEED certification changed the game, so green sustainable buildings could thrive in man and the environment essay, the marketplace. We need something like that for software, where businesses compete for Time Well Spent : a certification and a consumer rating that includes how their users, when shown a reflection of their use, later rate their experience as “time well spent” versus one they partially regret. Like Yelp reviews, but for experiences. Imagine a world where “Time Well Spent” determines your stock price, your popularity in app stores, your ranking in news feeds, your ability to attract talented employees, your media attention, and funding possibilities. It’s a B-Corp movement for technology. I used to believe we could just ask software designers to northwestern program take on moral responsibility for how they shape the billions of minutes and hours of law essay answers, other people’s lives . But you can’t design “responsibly” when it conflicts with the honors program in medical education, business incentives you are obligated, by law essay, law, to honors in medical essay maximize.

This is a long road, but we can get there by starting a new conversation. Instead of having the using research, old conversation about self-control and northwestern program waiting for cultural norms to adapt automatically, direct your friends and family to a new conversation. Let’s set incentives to create a world where the man and the environment essay, Internet and my devices amplify human potential again, and where we can trust-fall into the whirlpool of technology and know that it is on northwestern program in medical education our team to help us spend our time, and our lives, well. Is your web browser a credit card for your time? The web browser isn’t just a tool that gets you from commercial law essay answers, A to B, it’s also a medium that shapes the kinds of choices you make. Introducing the Medium. Northwestern Education. And the Message. Marshall McLuhan, the Canadian media theorist of the 20th century, famously coined the phrase, “the medium is the message.” His point was that if you want to understand a medium (television, radio, the Internet or web browser) you shouldn’t look at the messages – the words, images, stories or articles presented in it. You should look at how the medium organizes perception and choices.

The medium tells you everything about what messages will be successful. Television organizes perception and choice primarily around visual images , so… Shows with explosive visual images will be more rewarded than shows with dull images TV news shows with attractive broadcasters and dramatic footage will be more rewarded than news shows with unattractive broadcasters who tell stories in a soothing voice. Similarly with money, a $20 price (the message) matters less than the medium of the thesis statement, choice. Behavioral economists have shown that credit cards make us willing to spend more money than cash . A study by Duncan Simester at MIT showed that MBA students offered baseball tickets were willing to northwestern honors program in medical essay pay twice as much when paying by architecture, credit card, than by cash. Neuroscientists have further shown that when we pay with cash, it actually hurts – high prices light up the brain’s insula, which is associated with pain perception.

But when we pay with credit cards, it doesn’t light up our pain centers. Credit cards invite us to avoid feeling the pain of northwestern program in medical education, paying, and to forget how much money we actually have. Cash invites us to consciously feel how much we spend. Of course, none of commercial law essay, this is honors essay, new. It’s why theme parks and casinos intentionally create virtual currencies like tokens (or Disneyland Dollars), so the money feels abstract and architecture thesis proposals people spend more. It’s why it’s we to accidentally spend more money on vacations in foreign currencies than with our native currency (“it’s just play money, right?”) It’s why restaurants are taught not to put the northwestern education essay, $ sign next to each item, and not line up all the prices to the right, so diners choose based on description and not price.

A $20 price (the message) isn’t separate from landscape proposals, medium it comes in. Program Education Essay. The medium is the landscape proposals, message. The Web Browser as a Credit Card. So what does this have to do with technology? And why does this matter at all? Unlike with restaurant menu design, which affects how a few thousand people choose what to eat a few times a year, software designers affect how a billion people make choices about northwestern honors spending their attention – more than 150 times every day. A small number of designers at tech companies create those mediums, which will reward certain messages (behaviors, clicks, scrolls) over others. And today, web browsers are designed like credit cards. Landscape Proposals. They make it easy to northwestern education essay “swipe” the credit card for our time and landscape thesis take out a loan against northwestern in medical our future selves . They make it easy to cheap papers research be swipe our credit card for more time than we intended, by getting lost in an infinitely scrolling feed. Northwestern Honors Program. They make it easy to click something we wish we hadn’t clicked later.

And they do it for hundreds of application, millions of people every day: But it doesn’t have to northwestern honors program in medical education essay be this way. Web browsers could be designed to frame choices more like cash instead of credit – for example by commercial, letting us know how long something will take before we click it. An interface to northwestern honors in medical essay help users make conscious choices about whether to do something now, or later. Or help us by allowing us to “budget” how much time we’d like to spend on various sites or apps, and frame our choices in ramapo college, terms of how much cash (“time”) we have left towards that site. But what about Conflict of Interest? And unlike credit card companies who profit by getting consumers to spend more money than they actually have, none of the four major web browser makers – Google (Chrome), Microsoft (Internet Explorer), Mozilla (Firefox) and Apple (Safari) – make money by getting people to open things they don’t have time for* Likewise, none of the major Email clients – Gmail, Y! Mail, Outlook, Apple Mail – make money by in medical, users accidentally spending more time than they intended because of sneaky email marketing. Email clients could reframe credit card like choices with cash choices: You can start to see how these small, nuanced design choices, at the scale of how a billion people spend their attention, quickly become significant moral choices.

I’ll be tackling these moral questions in in medical, future posts.

International Political Economy Essay – China and The New Economic Order. One of the most discussed topics in economic circles is the northwestern honors program education, rise of China and the possibility of it displacing the United States as an economic leader. There are those who believe this declinists attitude is validated by statement recent the recent rise in China’s exporting and the immense population. However, the United States holds the strongest educational resources, technological power and trade restrictions as well as the ability to utilize its hegemony. While some may believe in declinist’s ideas the facts remain that the United States is still far beyond the China in almost every standard of living and globalization will only empower it if it approached and utilized correctly by the government and private sector. While both countries have fiscal challenges, the United States is still in a position of power and will remain so regardless of global changes in honors program, the economic and trade systems. This study will address the essay, tools at the disposal of the United States and how it can utilize these to northwestern honors program essay, maintain its position as the leading world power. There is no issue more discussed in the media and amongst economists than the rise of China and the economy. China’s economic growth is growing continually while the United States appears to be in animals essay, decline. The wars in Iran and northwestern honors education essay Afghanistan along with huge budget deficits appears to have plunged the United States into recession while China is doing so well that there is answers speculation over what will be the program essay, economic outcome for papers America. Much of the decline of the United States economy is the result of northwestern in medical education essay, globalization and technological development in third world countries.

The United States has had undergo powerful changes and carry the burden of globalization. While one view believes that America cannot bear this burden and China will become an economic front runner, there is man and essay another viewpoint on this matter. Many economists believe that the United States is durable and it will gain advantages as a result of globalization. Northwestern Program Essay? There are economists who see the United States being able to take advantage of globalization and gaining economic activity as a result of this trend. This study will argue that the hegemony of the United States is strong enough to be able to do gain from globalization.

Those who tend to favor the belief in the declining United States power are focused on issues of gross domestic product and in medical research essay population as well as focusing on the size of the population in a country. These are not necessarily indicators of a country’s power and financial sustainability. Honors Essay? There are many more indications of a country in a decline and these will be examined along with the strengths the the environment, United States does have that indicate it will prosper as a result of honors in medical education essay, globalization. Thesis? When viewed through different modalities of measurement the United States definitely holds its position of economic world leadership. In Medical Essay? How that will be maintained and the path of China and the United States economically is projectable and various economic lenses will show the durability of the United States economic power and how it will utilize globalization to landscape proposals, its advantage.

Measuring the Hegemony of honors education, a Nation. One of the major errors in measuring how a country is doing globally in the economic hemisphere is to measure it in what Michael Beckley describes as snapshots. To view only the GDP or the population of thesis, a country is to limit the lens through which one is seeing the whole entirety of the power of program education, a nation. Beckley states that, “However, GDP correlates poorly with national power; more than 90 percent of China’s high-tech exports are produced by foreign countries and consist of low-tech components” (Beckley, 2011). Beckley also points out that while America does suffer from a huge debt issue, it is not solving well politically China has also got internal problems on even a larger scale that it is not resolving through its political system. Beckley points out fallacies used in evaluating whether China is catching up with America by looking at China as it was formerly. For example. He points out, “many studies note that the growth rates of using animals in medical, China’s per capita income, value added in high technology industries, and military spending exceed those of the United States and then conclude that China is catching up” (Beckley, 2011). Northwestern Honors Program In Medical? Beckley points out that the focus here is wrong.

China has high growth rates because it’s starting point was exceptionally low. Therefore, China may be growing but this does not indicate that it is surpassing the United States in man and, any way. Arguments For and northwestern honors program in medical essay Against Decline. Beckley takes a detailed look at the arguments American decline and broadens the scope of the picture. This methodology is also backed up by ramapo college application essays author, Mack, in his work on why larger nations lose small wars. Honors Program In Medical? He states, “In order to rise to industrial leadership, states must prevent vested interests from blocking structural change.

States that are unable to do this will get locked into yesterday’s technologies and industries, and will effectively have consigned themselves to long-term stagnation and decline”. (Mack, 1975). Mack basis his methodology on looking at the economic and military power of using in medical essay, countries over education decades as opposed to closed lenses that only focus on a small period of time. Thesis Statement Journal? Beckley takes the same approach, and believes that the view of America’s decline is a small lens that is not seeing the large picture. For instance, Berkely looks at China and honors program essay America over the past twenty years and finds mixed results. However the in medical essay, majority of historical fact shows that the United States has not decline and program in medical education essay is now wealthier an using animals in medical, even more innovative.

Berkley points out that declinists state that history is cyclical and repeats itself and honors program in medical education will focus on the rise and fall of essay, empires such as the British Empire or the Habsburg French. This cyclical theory “fuses hegemonic stability theory with a traditional balance of power theory”, (Berkely, 2011). Berkely points out that if America is seen as providing goods to honors program, the world which then gets a “free-ride” on America’s back while engaging in sabotage and “erecting diplomatic and economic obstacles to U.S. Using Research? initiatives and northwestern forming anti-American alliances”, (Berkely, 2011). This is what Mack pointed out in his statement that a country would have to using in medical essay, be blocked from structural change. In this scenario other countries rise while the United States is honors in medical education overstretched and man and the environment declines. Berkeley also deals with convergence theory that states where there is an open global market poorer countries will excel economically while wealthy countries decline. The main point Berkely is making here is that, “Globalization thus stimulates growth abroad while undercutting it at home, diffusing technology”, (Berkely, 2011).

Berkely and others dispute that there is an alternative view that is overlooked by those who insist that decline is imminent for the United States. This same vision is adopted by in his work on the subject where he states that, “One should be wary, however, of education essay, extrapolating long-term trends from cyclical events, while being aware of misleading metaphors of essay, organic decline”, (Nye, 2010). Nye’s work suggests that it is far too early to judge long-term effects of globalization. Northwestern Program In Medical Essay? According to his statistics the World Economic Forum still has the United States economically rated as the second most competitive in the world after Switzerland and China is ranked as twenty-nine (Nye, 2010). Structural power is not only maintained but reinforced by thesis the United States according to Susan Strange, who writes about the myths of the loss of hegemony.

Strange, whose findings demonstrate that stability “rests not with a realignment of-the world order, but with an internal re-evaluation of the United States’ expression of its hegemony vis-a-vis the outside world”, (Strange, 1987). What those who see a broader picture of the United States in terms of globalization can see is that it will be America’s own ability to northwestern honors program in medical essay, adapt, which has always been one of its transcending qualities that will keep the country from man and essay, falling behind in a globalized economy. The United States and Tools of Hegemony. The United Stated has many bargaining tools that other countries are lacking in a globalized world. Its ability to restrict or even deny access to its vast technological market, its aid to other countries and political infrastructure which hold enormous power is northwestern honors essay still very much in-tact. The United States also has what Berkely refers to as “structural power”.

As he puts it, the United States has power over aspects of the international system itself”, (Berkely, 2011). It still sets schemas and structures that decide how countries interact with one another. The United States can put covert or direct force upon other economies and countries. Berkely states that this is benevolent but coercive and the goods then produced by the United States, “are less collective goods than private ones, accruing primarily to the hegemony and thus helping maintain its hegemony”, (Berkely, 2011). As Berkely and animals research many of his colleagues point out, militarily the United States is still in northwestern in medical, a position of in medical, superiority over the rest of the world. Shifting military units around the world is a combination of covert and direct coercion used by the United States as a way of asserting its hegemony. The term, “soft power” is often applied by economists that are looking at China and honors program Asia during financial crisis. China has utilized the concept of soft power to build bonds utilizing cultural enhancement as a political tool to ease other countries into liaisons.

This “soft power” has limitations however. According to Nye China’s attempt at a “charm offensive: failed. He writes that, “A poll taken in Asia late in 2008 found China’s soft power less than that of the United States when the BBC poll of 28 countries in 2010 showed that China had a positive image only in some parts of ramapo college, Asia while it was poor to neutral in the Americas and Europe”. (Nye, 2010). So while China has been applying its new strategies, it appears that American hegemony still holds the staying power that it needs to northwestern honors program in medical education essay, hold its position of a leading power. Another issue that has become what declinists would like to thesis proposals, label a competitive advantage for countries like China is low standards of northwestern program education essay, living. Due to this the workers in these countries are willing to work for very low wages and thus are forcing outsourcing and leaving American companies no choice except to hire these workers instead of commercial law essay answers, paying good wages to northwestern program essay, American workers.

Berkely refers to this as “cost innovation” and writes, “The production of high technology products at a fraction of the cost of technological leaders leaves no competition from rich nations who may have little choice but to outsource parts of their business to commercial, the developing world” (Berkely, 2011). Once again there are answers to this seeming dilemma. As globalization has allowed more access to honors program, technology, it has also created a new mode of production. Globally networked production and standardization has created cut off protective trade barriers. This allows the commercial law essay, wealthier countries to northwestern honors education essay, cut off any way of research, upgrading technology. While poorer countries can also protect their industries they are not legally or financially set up to essay, do so. So while “soft power” is a strategy for countries such as China, it is not a strategy that is able to thesis statement, compete with the hegemony of countries such as the United States. The True Hegemony of the United States. The true strength of the northwestern program in medical education, United States will not only work with globalization but will hold up and flourish in answers, this new world economy. Berkely (2011) asserts in program in medical essay, his study,

“Finally, given its position at the top of the world trade regime, the United States can distort international markets in its favor.48 Declinists expect the hegemony to use its power magnanimously. According to the alternative perspective, however, American foreign economic policy involves the routine use of diplomatic leverage at the highest levels to create opportunities for United States leverage. U.S. Cheap Research? trade officials, “acting as self-appointed enforcers of the free trade regime, asserted the right with their own national law to single out and punish countries they judged to be unfair traders.”50 Globalization, therefore, may not be a neutral process that diffuses wealth evenly throughout the international system, but a political process shaped by the United States in ways that serve its interests. This will be how globalization will create more opportunities for the United States and how the northwestern honors essay, nation will maintain its position as the economic leader it has been and will continue to be. Strange, in her work states that the using in medical, United States holds dominance in the acquisition and superiority of education and in northwestern program in medical education, cites that thirty one of the one hundred best universities are in the United States. Papers Research? The United States also has the greatest military budget in northwestern essay, the world and that military has superior technology to any other. Using In Medical Research? Experimentation is more advanced in the United States military than in northwestern honors program in medical, any other country in the world. Strange, like Berkely asserts that structural power is ramapo college application essays necessary for American hegemony and that in looking at global affairs it is clear that the United States continues to dominate the world in northwestern honors, areas of, “National security, productive capacity, controls of finance and ramapo application credit, and the procurement of knowledge”, (Strange, 1987). Despite claims that the world economic crisis has brought the United States into a pejorative position in global economics, it is clear that the leadership of the country is addressing internal and global issues. Furthermore, it will be the United States that will reinstate solidity to the international economic structures now in crisis.

China is a formidable concern in the economic crisis we are faced with as we move to a globalized world. There is no question that the United States has war debts and that China is growing at a rapid rate. When one analyses the low quality of life and economic disarray of the China until recently, the nine percent growth rate of the country is not significantly a threat when compared to the quality of life, economic conditions and power stature of the United States. If the United States did not maintain its hegemony in the current globalized climate it would be a result of the loss of political structure, convenient policies and its collapse in northwestern in medical education, an attempt to ramapo essays, assimilate international standards that would cause any decline. It is unlikely that this would ever be a reality with the power structures the United States has in place. With national security, and the ability to northwestern honors program in medical education, use overt and covert coercion to maintain its power structures, the United States will hold its place a world power. Technologically the world may be moving forward, however, it will be the United States that continues to produce and cheap research deliver new technologies to the global community. It ability to control trade will continue to keep the country in its current state of authority and maintain control over international commerce. With dominance in academics and the ability to access and finance research the country still emerges as a leader in knowledge and its attainment. China has tried strategies such as “soft power” to form alliances and met with little success. While their population is exceptionally high and outsourcing is an issue that the United States faces, these are not insurmountable barriers.

When comparing the United States with China across all the program essay, numerous regions that are of significance, including economic, technological and military indicators, as Berkely and many other scholars have, there re many mixed result, however the proposals, volume of facts the support the hegemony of the United States is still an overwhelming body of evidence in terms of its ability to sustain its place as the leading economic world nation. While globalization and fiscal burdens have increased for America, while China has grown as an northwestern in medical education, exporting nation, China faces its challenges far greater than those the United States must overcome and does not have the and global problems on ramapo college application essays multiple levels. While China has more scientists, they have not found a way to northwestern program education, make that fact work for them qualitatively. As the debate goes on as to whether China will dominate the world market, the United States continues to statement journal, hold its place as a world leader, and globalization will be one more avenue for that hegemony in spite of the scrutiny of economic declinists. Beckley , M . Northwestern? Why America’s Edge Will Endure: China’s Century? (2011). Ramapo College Application? Journal Article, International Security , volume 36, issue 3, pages 41-78. Mack, A. (1975) “Why Big Nations Lose Small Wars: The Politics of program education essay, Asymmetric Conflict”, World. Nye, J. (2010) American and Chinese Power after the Financial. Crisis.

Center for Strategic and International Studies The Washington Quarterly o 33:4 pp. Strange, S. (1987) The persistent myth of essay, lost hegemony. International Organization 41.4 p. Gill, S. and D. Honors Program In Medical Education Essay? Law (1988) The Global Political Economy: Perspectives, Problems and Policies , New York, Harvester Wheatsheaf, “American Hegemony and International Order”, Chapter. Hurrell, A. (2006) “Hegemony, Liberalism and statement Global Order: What Space for Would-be Great. Powers?”, International Affairs , 82, pp. 1-19.

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