2005 ap us dbq essay

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International Crime Hsc Legal Stdies Essays and ap us Research Papers. consequence of the rapid growth of globalisation is the man and the environment essay, increase in international crime . Despite limitations such as different . value systems, language barriers and enforceability halted due to state sovereignty, domestic and international legal systems attempt to address growing problems, to 2005 ap us a relatively effective degree. The recent Crimes Legislation Amendment Act 2013 (Cth) attempts to impede people trafficking and the Joint Organisation Crime Group of Australian federal and state agencies have endeavoured. Crime , Extradition , Human rights 1557 Words | 5 Pages. Legal Studies Essay International Crime. International Crime - Crimes against essays for kids, Humanity • Using the 2005 ap us, case study of Srebrenica, evaluate the . effectiveness of literary essay hills white international and domestic legal systems in dealing with crimes against the international community International laws and 2005 ap us mechanisms to deal with international crime are vast in number. They aid in structure of your, promoting common moral and ethical standards to be administered worldwide. Tribunals such as the 2005 ap us, International Criminal Tribunal for Yugoslavia (ICTY) and the International Criminal. Crime against humanity , Geneva Conventions , International Criminal Court 1016 Words | 3 Pages. Professor: Unit 9: International Perspectives on Corrections and Juvenile Justice - Final Written Assignment February 15, 2011 Abstract: . Throughout the term we have encompassed an array of information pertaining to international criminal justice practices. The examination of past, present, and future trends facing global justice systems has led us to embark on research and topics for many different countries.

This paper will cover the topics of essay social phenomenon, social behavior, legal traditions of. Common law , Crime , Criminal justice 2004 Words | 6 Pages. To what extent do domestic and international measures effectively deal with international crime ? The changing . nature of crime has meant that crimes such as those universally condemned and those committed across borders have developed. Ap Us Dbq Essay! In response to these crimes , both domestic and international measures have been developed and include extradition, federal and regional organisations and courts. Although international crime is still prevalent in the international community today, measures taken. Crime , Crime against humanity , Criminal law 982 Words | 3 Pages. Natural Crime and Legal Crime Antoine Brown Axia College of the University of Phoenix Foundations of Criminal . Justice CJA/ 303 Matthew Smith November 10, 2008 What are Natural Crime and Legal Crime ? A natural crime is an act in which the ethics of literary hills like society finds a particular action to be offensive. 2005 Ap Us! This nature of crime is associated with Malum in se; a term that signifies crime that is considered wrong in and of it self (MojoLaw.com, 2008). Legal crime is an act that violates criminal. Assault , Crime , Crimes 1382 Words | 4 Pages.

International and Transnational Crimes. International /Transnational Crimes Saphia Christopher Strayer University CRJ 330 Professor Ackerman . International crimes can be described as “ crimes against urdu for kids, the peace and security of mankind”. International crimes are based on international agreements between countries or on legal precedents developed through history, and include offenses such as such as genocide, torture, and enslavement of populations. These are among the acts identified by consensus among nations as being. Crime , Crime against ap us dbq essay, humanity , Criminal justice 694 Words | 3 Pages. HSC Legal Studies Year 12, 2010 Nature of man and the environment Task: Case Study/Research Assessment Task #1 Topic: Crime The Case . of R v King By Haylen Young Legal Citation Regina v King [2004] NSWCCA 444 revised - 7/12/2004 Elements of the offence * Mens Rea The sentencing judge found that it was established beyond reasonable doubt that the respondent, after finding out that Flick was pregnant, that the course of ap us terminating the offspring by responsible holocaust essay any means in his power, either consensual or. Actus reus , Common law , Court 1650 Words | 5 Pages. ? Legal Studies HSC Course Task 1. Alexandra Thomson “EVALUATE the 2005 ap us, effectiveness of the law in protecting the various, rights of those . securing and providing shelter” Shelter is known as a roof over 2005 ap us, ones head and walls around a space providing safety, physical comfort and essays the ability to relax enough to get rest. Shelter aids physical, emotional and mental health by providing security and brings stability to an individuals life. There are two ways for providing shelter, they are selling and leasing.

The. Eviction , Landlord , Lease 1243 Words | 2 Pages. International Legal and Ethical Issues. International Legal and ap us dbq essay Ethical Issues Law 421 22 Oct, 2012 Addressing International Legal and . Ethical Issues How we handle international legal and ethical issues is a key factor to man and the environment either developing a business overseas or dealing with international business partners. Of the many issues involved with in international legal proceedings, an understanding local law and dispute resolution can be mitigated with the selection of proper counsel. Ap Us Dbq Essay! Resolving International Legal Disputes Since. Common law , Dispute resolution , Justice 783 Words | 3 Pages.

Legal Characteristics of a crime are: -There must be a failure to act (an omission) which breaks the structure of your essay, law. -The act or omission . must be seen harmful to 2005 dbq essay the whole community. Summary Offences – are those heard and decided by a magistrate sitting without a jury. They are relatively minor and include motor traffic offences and offensive behaviour. Indictable Offences- are serious criminal offences and thesis may be heard by a judge or jury. They include murder, sexual assault and malicious wounding. The. Actus reus , Crime , Crime prevention 753 Words | 3 Pages.

International Legal and Ethical Issues. International Legal and Ethical Issues Simulation Denise Hammer Law/421 August 27, 2012 John Huschen . 2005 Dbq Essay! International Legal and essay Ethical Issues Simulation A biotechnology company based in Candore called Gentura is contemplating entering into 2005 ap us dbq essay a partnership with a pharmaceutical company based in skills paper, Florida called CadMex. Candore is a small dictatorship country. Gentura started their company by manufacturing enzymes and has grown into a biotechnology company with a focus on 2005 ap us dbq essay biopharmaceutical products. Alternative dispute resolution , Arbitration , Common law 865 Words | 5 Pages. Legal Representation for Victims of Crime: A Report by James Catley. The following report has been undertaken by James Catley on behalf of the Attorney General. The report addresses the proposed amendments to the Victims of . Crime Act 2001 (SA) for which the like, Attorney General will have responsibility. The proposed amendment will give the Commissioner for Victims’ Rights and/or the alleged victim of a sexual offence the specific power to 2005 dbq essay be legally represented in criminal proceedings.

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The Crimes (Sentencing Procedure) Act 1999 (NSW) this prescribes general guidelines in relation to sentencing. For example it identifies what might constitute a mitigating or aggravating circumstance. However. Crime , Criminal justice , Criminal law 907 Words | 3 Pages. Bullying: the legal crime On September 18, 2011 a 14-year-old Jamey Redeemer took his life after years of bullying.

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Essay Question: “Explain why young offenders are treated differently in the . criminal justice system. Assess the effectiveness of the skills research paper, criminal justice system when dealing with young offenders” The Australian legal system and social media has responded attentively towards young offenders. The effectiveness and result is clearly shown through the community’s response, police officers and 2005 ap us government officials that has implemented new strategies for young. Common law , Crime , Criminal justice 1441 Words | 4 Pages. ?What is Crime ? Crime is a highly contested subject that is approached by of your essay an array of academic disciplines. It draws upon . sociology, psychology, politics, law, philosophy, economics and more which makes defining crime difficult. Criminology is not the only discipline that focuses on crime . Defining crime is nebulous in 2005 dbq essay, that it has gone through the process of man and the environment essay constant evolution and ap us dbq essay has many paradigms. Prior to essay the period of ‘The Enlightenment’ or the ‘Age of reason’ in the 18th century, ideas surrounding. Crime , Criminal law , Criminology 979 Words | 3 Pages. 1/1/2012 John Therry Catholic High School | Year 2012 student | content: HSC COURSE | Legal Studies Stage 6 Syllabus Notes | . content: HSC COURSE | Legal Studies Stage 6 Syllabus Notes | Part 1 of the core: Crime 30% of course time Content – HSC course Part I of the 2005, core – Crime 30% of course time Principal focus: Through the use of a range of contemporary examples, students. Crime , Crime prevention , Crimes 3175 Words | 12 Pages.

Addressing International Legal and essays for kids Ethical Issues Simulation Summary. All rights reserved. Course Description This course reviews the U.S. legal system, common law and its development, organizational . 2005 Ap Us Dbq Essay! structures, and the regulatory environment pertinent to structure of your essay business. Students will learn to critically examine torts, crimes , and business ethics. They will also examine contracts; business associations including agencies, partnerships, and corporations; wills, estates, trusts, and 2005 ap us other legal entities; securities regulations; and investor protections. Policies . Business , Civil law , Commercial law 1480 Words | 7 Pages. accurately evaluate how sentencing and punishment attempts to balance the rights of victims, offenders and literary essay hills like white elephants society”. Poor question. This question starts . after an 2005, offender has been found guilty and is to urdu essays for kids be sentenced. This is the key part of the Legal Studies syllabus that pertains to 2005 dbq essay the question: 4. Sentencing and punishment • statutory and judicial guidelines • the purposes of punishment: deterrence (specific and general), retribution, rehabilitation, incapacitation • factors affecting a. Crime , Criminal justice , Criminal law 1488 Words | 4 Pages.

international business environment Legal considerations. ? Legal considerations The legal aspects are important for the business choice. Laws are different in every country. Laws would . Man And! regulate business practice, define the manner and set down the rights and obligations. This made business have to run within the border set by dbq essay law and definitely affects the efficiency and profitability when running business in that country. The type of legal system. The legal system in Spain and Korea is based on civil law, while court precedents are not granted official. Common law , Copyright , Exclusive right 1204 Words | 7 Pages. Evaluate the effectiveness of the bharadwaj, domestic and international legal systems in dealing with international crime. effectiveness of the 2005, domestic and international legal systems in dealing with international crime . . (This is amrutur thesis basically the one you helped us on in class, as I just wanted to 2005 dbq essay get all the essays done, it is a little different in man and essay, some areas but not many.) There are various domestic and international measures in dealing with international crime as it affects the international community.

Two major categories of 2005 ap us International Crime include: crimes against humanity and transnational crimes . There are various measures. Crime , Criminal law , Economics 538 Words | 1 Pages. and bear a child for a couple, is illegal in NSW when the man and, woman is dbq essay paid a fee or award, under the Assisted Reproductive Technology Act 2007 (NSW). Hence, . surrogacy must be altruistic. Furthermore, the Surrogacy Act 2010 (NSW) now criminalises an international journey for commercial surrogacy. This suggests the law is successful in meeting society’s needs for for kids children not to 2005 ap us be perceived as, “commodities.” However, this logic is disputed; why would one pay for a “commodity,” which will reap no financial. Common law , Family , Family law 1100 Words | 4 Pages. Ronald Robillard Prof. Jane Curth Personal and Community Health Section 012 06/11/13 Medical Marijuana Medical marijuana less harmful than most other . Paper! legal tobacco products and has the ability to reduce the pain within ailing people. Marijuana also has the potential to raise the U.S. Ap Us Dbq Essay! out of their tough economic struggle as well as lower crime rate and create more jobs for many more people. Marijuana should be legalized for thesis medical use across the country.

Marijuana has a negative stigma attached. Cannabis , Dipping tobacco , Medical cannabis 777 Words | 3 Pages. the rails of the ship, the dbq essay, issue of a BOL or a mate’s receipt is irrelevant to the issue of property amp; risk. 2. Once the goods has passed the ship’s . rail, the risk of the goods are then transferred to the buyer 3. The buyer remains the legal shipper of the goods where he is the main contracting party in the contract of the carriage. Literary Essay Hills Like Elephants! Cases: J. Raymond Wilson amp; Co. 2005 Dbq Essay! Ltd v N.Scratchard Ltd. Held that if a party sells goods FOB, he has to put the goods on board and to pay the expense. Cargo , Contract , Contract law 2354 Words | 6 Pages. fairness Consider – It is often said that the structure of your essay, criminal justice system works in favour of the 2005, accused and neglects the rights of the victims. There are of . course aspects of any system which may be seen to favour one party over another – however, our legal system in for the essay, Australia works very hard to ensure the interests of all parties are met and 2005 ap us dbq essay that equality and fairness are present in the judicial process.

HOW? – through the operation of the separation of powers doctrine, by upholding principles of. Common law , Crime , Criminal justice 928 Words | 5 Pages. Addressing International Legal and Ethical Issues Simulation Summary. Addressing International Legal and Ethical Issues Simulation Summary LAW/421 August 6, 2013 Addressing . International Legal and amrutur thesis Ethical Issues Simulation Summary International trade is 2005 dbq essay important and beneficial to man and essay business. 2005! However, international trade guides a safeguard of interests, specific business contract, defined law, forum of dispute settlement, and understanding of contract clauses. Amrutur Thesis! “A working knowledge of international law helps business owners and managers with global interests reduce. Agreement on dbq essay Trade-Related Aspects of structure Intellectual Property Rights , Arbitration , Contract 717 Words | 3 Pages. White collar crime Money laundering.

with white collar crime , it requires to be underpinned by appropriate levels of international cooperation and . legal assistance. This is particularly important that globalisation and modern technology have a profound effect on dbq essay white collar crime including corruption and essay hills white money laundering. 2005 Ap Us Dbq Essay! The only effective way to various in writing deal with transnational crime is for a global enforcement initiative. This requires each state to have extensive international links and appropriate mutual legal assistance legislation. Crime , Criminal law , Criminology 648 Words | 2 Pages. science new concepts are integrated in our lives. Cyber crime is among those concepts that did not previously exist 15-20 years ago. Back In . the old day’s only conventional crime was discussed, which refers to those traditional, illegal behaviors that most people think of ap us as crime . In today’s one has to be careful not only against conventional crime but also cyber crime as it is the latest and the most complicated problem in the new century. Cyber crime consists of all criminal actions against communication. Computer crime , Computer crimes , Fraud 1724 Words | 5 Pages.

Legal Studies Domestic Violence HSC paper. effectiveness of the law in protecting victims of domestic violence The Australian Law Reform Commission stated that assault occurring in the home is not a . private matter but one that is of concern for the community as a whole. According to Section 11 of the Crimes (Domestic and various skills research Personal Violence) Act 2007 (NSW), domestic violence is a “personal violence committed against someone with whom the offender has, or has had, a domestic relationship with”. Further, the act does not stipulate a time limit for these. Child abuse , Domestic violence , Law 872 Words | 3 Pages. International Legal and Ethical Issues in Business.

Unit 3 Individual Project-Rights and Obligations Travis Pernell American InterContinental University International Legal and . Ethical Issues in Business Instructor Kerri Holloway April 3, 2011 Abstract This paper will discuss the four elements that make up a valid contract and the objective theory surrounding contracts. 2005 Ap Us Dbq Essay! This paper will discuss how the objective theory applies to the Leonard v. Pepsico, Inc. case. The paper will also discuss how the court reached its decision to claim that. Consumer Protection , Contract , Contractual term 1263 Words | 4 Pages. Global Crime Analysis Global crime threatens the amrutur bharadwaj thesis, safety and 2005 ap us dbq essay security of every individual located throughout the entire world. . International and global crimes are not contained to for the holocaust one geographic area but involve a multitude of geographic locations.

Drug smuggling, weapon trading, human trafficking, and actions that involve serious violence and cause physical harm are all examples of ap us violent international crimes . Examples of non-violent international crimes include fraud, extortion, counterfeiting. Crime , Criminal justice , Drug 1148 Words | 4 Pages. Overview on amrutur bharadwaj thesis International Human Rights. International Human Rights Your presenter today: Major Attila Kulcsar Hungarian National Police Human Resource Management Service . Education Management and Training Departmert International Experience UNTAC Cambodia 1992-93 MINURSO West-sahara 1995-96 UNMIBH BIH RS 1997-98 UNMIBH BIH FED 1999-00 EUPOL Proxima MK 2004-05 OSCE Mission to ap us Skopje 2008-12 Brainstorming What is the first word that comes up your mind in connection with HUMAN RIGHTS? DEFINITION HUMAN RIGHTS are the the environment, rights. Crime against humanity , Human rights , International Criminal Court 660 Words | 3 Pages. trouble for something you’ve never done? It’s not a good feeling. If you don’t want to be blamed nor punished for something you didn’t commit why should . parents? As violence by juveniles has increased in 2005 ap us dbq essay, recent years, the debate about parents’ legal responsibility for children’s behavior has escalated. Various In Writing Research Paper! Shootings, gang violence, drugs, alcohol these are very few things that children this lifetime are getting into.

These are the things that parents are teaching their kids to stay away from but children. Childhood , Crime , Criminology 1006 Words | 3 Pages. ? HSC Legal Studies Yasmin Bradbury Meaning of crime 1.1 A crime is an 2005, act or omission, . Bharadwaj! harmful to 2005 ap us the public that is skills in writing research paper punished by the state in 2005, criminal proceedings, initiated and pursued by the state. Various Research Paper! The Elements of 2005 dbq essay crime : Actus Reus, Mens Rea 1.2 For the prosecution to obtain a conviction, they must prove the existence of all elements of man and a crime to the requisite criminal standard of proof, being beyond a reasonable doubt. With the exception of strict liability offences for a criminal. Conviction , Crime , Criminal law 315 Words | 2 Pages. The Australian Legal System Introduction All countries are a reflection of their histories and this is very much the case with . governmental structures and dbq essay the associated legal system. Bharadwaj Thesis! The Australian legal system is dbq essay based on a fundamental belief in amrutur bharadwaj thesis, the rule of ap us dbq essay law, justice and the independence of the judiciary.

All people—Australians and non-Australians alike—are treated equally before the law and safeguards exist to ensure that people are not treated arbitrarily or unfairly by governments or. Australia , Common law , Judge 1406 Words | 5 Pages. Addressing International Legal and Ethical Issues Simulation Summary. ? Addressing International Legal and paper Ethical Issues Simulation Summary November 25 2012 . CadMex developed a business relationship with Gentura and starting doing business in Candore as a result. Dbq Essay! Candor was not a member of the WTO or any other international entity in the beginning but showed promise. Candore was a dictatorship and so was a politically unstable country, but it did have a working government and legal system. The purpose of the simulation was to safeguard.

Commercial law , Common law , Contract 698 Words | 3 Pages. ii) Is deterrence the purpose of criminal statutes? Can self-defence be stretched that far? According to various in writing research paper Foster 'one . of the principal objects underlying any criminal legislation is that of deterring men from crime . 2005 Dbq Essay! See pg 9 iii) is Foster's argument of purposive and social contract are discussed from extreme ends. – (but from a Locke perspective the amrutur, line would be drawn that every person has a right to life.) He is defending See p 6 . Jean-Jacques Rousseau , John Locke , Law 1494 Words | 6 Pages. Addressing International Legal and Ethical Issues Simulation Summary. ? Addressing International Legal and Ethical Issues Simulation Summary Thomas joe Law/421 November 24th, 2014 Kathryn Harris . Introduction Being well informed of the procedures and considerations on how to address international legal and ethical issues is crucial in 2005, the development of strong business relationships with foreign businesses. Many issues involved in man and the environment, resolving international legal disputes including selecting local counsel, full understanding of the local laws, due. Commercial law , Dispute resolution , Law 1257 Words | 6 Pages. Haygood Psychology 210 Case Study Week 3 A 6 year old boy brought a gun to school and shot his first grade classmate in dbq essay, the library for essay like white elephants a . scuffle they had on the playground the previous day.

According to the legal system, children under 7 are not held responsible for crimes because a 6 year old cannot form criminal intent. In the 2005 dbq essay, case of the 6 year old boy who shot his classmate is a very sad and urdu essays interesting case because the child will not be charged for the shooting. 2005 Dbq Essay! While reading. Abuse , Cannon , Child abuse 429 Words | 3 Pages. between hackers. Cyber crime introduction Technological innovation have given rise to a new kind of criminal activity called computer . crime or cyber crime . Cyber crime include theft of computers and computer software, theft of data, and destruction of data by computer viruses. Advance in technology often bring risk and opportunities for skills in writing crime . The computer related crimes are numerous and widespread. Definition of cyber crime Cyber crime is the 2005 ap us, fastest growing crime in the world with millions. Computer crime , Crime , E-mail spam 794 Words | 4 Pages. What is a Financial Crime ? There is no internationally accepted definition of financial crime . Rather, the term expresses . different concepts depending on the jurisdiction and on the context. Urdu Essays! In general, financial crime can refer to any non-violent crime that results in ap us dbq essay, a financial gain to essays the perpetrators and loss to others or the state.

It includes a range of illegal activities such as: • corruption (bribery, speed money, kickbacks etc.) • financial fraud (accounting, check, credit card, mortgage. Commercial crimes , Crime , Economics 1434 Words | 5 Pages. Addressing International Legal and ap us dbq essay Ethical Issues essay. Addressing International Legal and Ethical Issues Tinna Walker LAW421 Tad Davis June 24, 2013 Addressing . International Legal and Ethical Issues In the simulation, I had to come face to amrutur face with several legal struggles through the 2005 dbq essay, business ventures of CadMex and who is responsible essay Gentura. The first issue that we had to deal with was the 2005 ap us, issue of addressing international sales. I decided to go with the option of International Sale of man and the environment Goods as the choice of law and International Arbitration to resolve any contract. Commercial law , Common law , Contract 969 Words | 3 Pages. International Legal and Ethical Issues in Business. International Legal and Ethical Issues in 2005 ap us dbq essay, Business Unit 5 Individual Project ABSTRACT In this paper I will discuss . environmental regulations and labor laws in structure essay, place in Thailand and Singapore. This paper will show that while Singapore seems to have stricter environmental regulations in place in it’s country, the labor laws in 2005, Thailand seems to protect its citizens better with better work hour regulations and essays wage requirements.

Singapore’s labor laws can stand to ap us be revisited so as to keep the. Employment , Employment compensation , Labour law 885 Words | 3 Pages. Global Crimes Analysis Valerie Johnson CJA/394 February 25, 2013 Alan Hazen . Global Crimes Analysis Global Crimes Analysis Global Crimes Analysis will allow individuals to understand everything that involves crime around the world as it relates to the least of the essay, most. Corrections , Crime , Crime statistics 1152 Words | 4 Pages. Legal Preliminary Report Outlaw and ap us Motorcycle Gangs (OMCGs) What are Outlaw and Motor Cycle Gangs (OMCGs)? OMCGs are organisations where . the members of the organisation use the structure of a motor cycle club as a front for criminal activity. According to the ACC (Australian Crime Commission), OMCGs represent a ‘real and present danger to of your the Australian community’. Between October 2008 and March 2009, New South Wales alone has had 185 members of OMCGs charged with 527 offences. OMCGs work. Crime , Criminal justice , Criminology 1168 Words | 4 Pages. Defining Environmental Crimes Environmental crime is a serious and growing concern at national as well as . 2005! international level, and one which takes many different forms.

Environmental crime in broad terms means an act which is committed with the man and essay, intention of damaging or causing damage to 2005 ap us the ecological and biological systems to ensure business or personal benefit. Thesis! The types of acts commonly recognised as environmental crime are: pollution or other contamination of ap us dbq essay air, land and water; illegal discharge. Crime , Crimes , Environmental crime 1510 Words | 5 Pages. Addressing International Legal and Ethical Issues Simulation Analysis. Addressing International Legal and Ethical Issues Simulation University of Phoenix - ####### Learning Center Business Law . BUS/415 #########, Instructor Introduction Upon completion of the University of for the essay Phoenix simulation Addressing International Legal and Ethical Issues, I have outlined below several concerns that must be addressed prior to entering into any legally binding business contracts with international organizations. Prior to entering into international contractual business. Common law , Contract , Counsel 788 Words | 3 Pages.

Crime and 2005 ap us dbq essay Punishment in Various Countries. States' criminal legal system has been questioned and scrutinized by the media and legal analysts for decades. Even with laws to . lengthen sentences and to try younger offenders as adults, the overall crime rate in the nation is still on essay the rise. But why is 2005 dbq essay it that in hills white elephants, places like Iceland and Singapore crime rates are so low yet both countries have very contrasting criminal laws? It has been brought to my attention that Congress will attempt to create an 2005 dbq essay, entire new criminal legal system for the states.

Amnesty International , Capital punishment , Crime 1329 Words | 4 Pages. Legal Studies Essay Guide Due to the interest in my Modern History essay guide, I have decided to come up with one for Legal . Studies. Most people will notice that it is similar to my modern one – that is of your essay because essays for both of these subjects are similar in style and approach. In this example, I will use the practice question “How effective is the law in responding to problems in family relationships” General points Never EVER write in first person - this is the 2005, cardinal sin of legal. Chris Marker , Common law , Essay 1693 Words | 6 Pages. Addressing International Legal and Ethical Issues Simulation. Addressing International Legal and Ethical Issues Simulation Disagreements are very common in international trade. Various In Writing Research! . Whenever a company enters into a contract with an international entity, it must ensure that the contract is legally enforceable in order to protect the ap us dbq essay, company's interest. This paper deals with such international problems faced by a hypothetical company, CadMex Pharma based in of your, Tampa Florida, which teams-up with another hypothetical company, Gentura based in a small developing country. Arbitration , Commercial law , Common law 737 Words | 3 Pages. for Definitions of “Organized Crime ” CARLO CAVALIERE 100817631 OCTOBER 1ST 2014 Defining organized . Ap Us Dbq Essay! crime has proven to be a general difficulty throughout history. The belief of this paper is that definition is structure crucial, however, at 2005, the same time one should identify that within the scope of responsible for the organized crime , definition has been quite subjective and controversial.

The reason why it is important is because the exact way in which organized crime is defined goes a significant distance. Capital punishment , Crime , Crimes 2324 Words | 9 Pages. Legal Studies HSC Notes PART 1: Crime The Nature of Crime The meaning of crime . 2005 Dbq Essay! Crime : a punishable act that is seen as a danger to the society and is ethically and essay like elephants morally wrong. Elements of a crime : It must be proven that an accused intended to commit and committed the crime for ap us them to be found guilty. Mens Rea: (Gulity Mind) a person’s intention to commit crime . The prosecution must prove that accused was aware of his actions. Actus Reus: (Guilty Act) a person’s physical action out taken. Causality , Crime , Crimes 422 Words | 2 Pages. The Changing Nature of Crime and who is for the holocaust essay Law Enforcement. changing nature of crime and the ways criminals must be prosecuted. New dangers like terrorism, as well as old ones, such as public corruption, . Ap Us! threaten the public and various skills research force police agencies to acclimate themselves to this new environment.

President Clinton explained the need for the development of the federal and local law enforcement agencies. Ap Us! We have begun to find a way to reduce crime , forming community partnerships with local police forces to catch criminals and amrutur prevent crime . This strategy. Crime , Criminal justice , Criminology 824 Words | 3 Pages. Organized- Crime “Narco is rooted in society, so is corruption” - Ismael El Mayo Zambada What happens in Mexico is dbq essay big; the whole country is structure of your . living with corruption and organized crime for 2005 dbq essay many years. Man And The Environment Essay! The government, civil society and even the international community are fighting against 2005 ap us dbq essay, it, but it still seems to amrutur thesis be war, it still seems to be a mess. As Zambada, one of the ap us dbq essay, biggest cartel leaders said in an interview: “The government arrived late to the (drug) fight. Nobody can solve in bharadwaj thesis, days problems. Cartel , Drug cartel , Government 1242 Words | 2 Pages. Controlling Organized Crime Paper University of Phoenix Cynthia Butler CJA/384 March 11, 2012 . This paper will focus on how to control organized crime from a perspective of different principles and theories. 2005 Dbq Essay! In addition, this paper will identify the problems presented and the various relationships established by organized crime . Furthermore, a description of the legal limitations associated with combating organized crime will be examined, including.

Crime , Criminal law , Criminology 1131 Words | 4 Pages. ORGANIZED CRIME Organized crime , by various in writing research paper and large, maybe described as a level of crime mainly carried out by groups . of individuals coming together for 2005 the one goal of carrying out of your criminal activities such as drug and gun trading, human trafficking among other heinous crimes in ap us, a coordinated and organized fashion. Structure Of Your! These crimes are usually coordinated nationally but often have international connections. The groups carrying out ap us dbq essay these organized activities are usually deeply entrenched in the social. Crime , Crimes , Criminology 801 Words | 3 Pages. Legal studies - children and essay like elephants the law. ?Evaluate the effectiveness of the legal system in 2005 ap us, addressing the issue of protecting children from abuse The main function of family . law is the care and who is responsible protection of its members. The law governs the relationships to ensure that children in 2005 ap us, particular are cared for, protected and finically secure. However, there are gaps in the legal system leading to justice not being served.

Australia, as a whole have passed many laws regarding family violence, child abuse and man and the environment essay child neglect. Responses to. Abuse , Child abuse , Domestic violence 887 Words | 3 Pages. P7 International Surrogacy (cons) Thesis Statement In today’s society, surrogacy is becoming a . more and 2005 ap us more popular and structure common issue. For many couples who cannot or unwilling to 2005 carry babies by themselves, surrogacy is the first choice to have their own babies and urdu build a family. Dbq Essay! The legality of surrogacy is different for thesis every country. There are countries that consider the birth mother as the legal mother while there are those that don't. 2005 Dbq Essay! Besides. Egg donation , Family , Fertility tourism 1770 Words | 5 Pages. Green Crime: The Crime against various research paper, Environment.

Green Crime * This is crime (s) against the environment. * Traditionally criminology focuses on whether a law has been . broken – a crime is something that breaks the ap us dbq essay, law. * Green criminology starts from the notion of hills like white elephants harm rather than the breaking of law. * Rob White (2008) – subject of 2005 ap us dbq essay criminology is one that harms the physical environment and/or the human and non human animals within it. * The world is a single eco-system. E.g. Atmospheric pollution from industry in one country. Crime , Criminal justice , Criminology 969 Words | 3 Pages.

Do Students Really Need Practice Homework? (Da Capo Press, 2006) Closely related to the [mostly false] notion that more time yields more learning is the belief, widely held by both parents and teachers, that homework is ap us dbq essay, useful because it affords an opportunity for students to practice the skills they’ve been taught. This, of essay course, is a defense of 2005 ap us dbq essay a certain kind of assignment – namely, the kind that involves practice. Bharadwaj! But because such a large proportion of homework is ap us dbq essay, practice-oriented, we should evaluate this claim carefully. There’s obviously some truth to the idea that practice is connected to proficiency. People who do something a lot often get better at literary essay hills doing it. But once again we find ourselves with a proposition that turns out to be true in a far more limited sense, with more qualifications and caveats attached, than may have seemed to be the ap us dbq essay, case.

Giving students homework that involves drill and practice is often said to structure of your “reinforce” the skills they’ve been taught in class. This verb is 2005 ap us, tossed around casually, as if it were sufficient to clinch the case. But what exactly is essay, meant here? Unless it’s assumed that practice is ap us dbq essay, reinforcing by definition, one would have to demonstrate that good results are indeed likely to follow from mere repetition. Amrutur Thesis! And it’s not at all clear that this is true, except under very limited circumstances. Dbq Essay! For example, it wouldn’t make sense to say “Keep practicing until you understand” because practicing doesn’t create understanding – just as giving kids a deadline doesn’t teach time-management skills. What might make sense, at least under certain conditions, is to say “Keep practicing until what you’re doing becomes automatic.” But what kinds of proficiencies lend themselves to this sort of literary essay like improvement? The answer is behavioral responses. Expertise in tennis requires lots of practice; it’s hard to improve your swing without spending a lot of ap us dbq essay time on the court. Thesis! You learn to dbq essay pull back and who is responsible for the holocaust essay follow through with just the right movement so the ball lands where you want, and eventually you can do this without even thinking about it. But to cite an example like that to justify homework is an example of what philosophers call begging the question.

It assumes precisely what has to be proved, which is that intellectual pursuits are essentially like tennis. The assumption that the two activities are analogous is an outgrowth of a doctrine known as behaviorism, widely associated with John B. Watson, B. F. Skinner, and their followers. On this view, all that matters are behaviors that can be seen and measured, and 2005 “man is an animal different from other animals only in the types of behavior he displays,” as Watson announced on the first page of his best-known book. Thus, it makes perfect sense that most of the principles of learning that emerge from the work of behaviorists were developed on lab animals. Literary White! Among those principles: Everything that we do, everything that we are, is purely a function of the reinforcers (what the rest of us usually refer to ap us dbq essay as “rewards”) that have followed what we’ve done in the past. When teachers and parents talk about using homework to “reinforce” the material students have learned – or, more accurately, the material they were taught, which they may or may not have learned – the term isn’t being used in this technical sense. But that doesn’t matter. Literary Essay Hills White Elephants! Whether they realize it or not, they’re buying in to the same attenuated view of learning that emphasizes drill and practice because their focus is on ap us dbq essay producing a behavior. The behavior might consist of a rodent finding its way through a maze or a child borrowing from the tens’ place. For a behaviorist, these actions are different only in degree, and the same theory applies equally well to both.

Thus, to justify sending students home with a worksheet full of for kids practice problems on 2005 ap us dbq essay the grounds that it reinforces skills is to say that what matters is not understanding but behavior. In the bharadwaj, 1920s and ‘30s, when Watson was formulating his theory that would come to dominate the way we teach students (not to mention the way we raise children and manage employees), a much less famous researcher named William Brownell was challenging the drill-and-practice approach to ap us mathematics that had already taken root. “If one is to be successful in quantitative thinking, one needs a fund of meanings, not a myriad of ‘automatic responses,’” he wrote. “Drill does not develop meanings. Repetition does not lead to understandings.” In fact, if “arithmetic becomes meaningful, it becomes so in spite of drill.”[1] An emphasis on who is responsible for the holocaust essay making meaning is directly opposed to the view that learning consists of the acquisition of a collection of 2005 dbq essay behaviors. Various Paper! Brownell’s insights about math instruction have been expanded and enriched by a long line of experts who have come to realize that the behaviorist model is, if you’ll excuse the expression, deeply superficial. Learning isn’t just a matter of absorbing new information or acquiring automatic responses to 2005 stimuli. Rather, we human beings spend our entire lives constructing theories about how the world works, and bharadwaj then reconstructing them in light of new evidence. Not only educational theorists but “virtually all” cognitive researchers today “[sub]scribe to this constructive view of learning and knowledge.”[2] The kind of 2005 ap us teaching most consistent with it treats students as meaning makers and urdu essays for kids offers carefully calibrated challenges that help them to 2005 ap us develop increasingly sophisticated theories. The point is for them to essays for kids understand ideas from the inside out.[3] This basic distinction between behavior and understanding – with its implications regarding practice homework – applies to just about every academic subject.

Its relevance to math, however, is particularly intriguing – and somewhat unsettling in 2005 dbq essay, light of the fact that most of us still think in behaviorist terms. Literary Like White Elephants! Mathematics is the ap us, subject in amrutur, which practice homework seems to be most commonly prescribed, so this is as good a place as any to understand the limits of the ap us dbq essay, whole idea.[4] An emphasis on bharadwaj practice to reinforce skills proceeds naturally from the assumption that kids primarily need to learn “math facts”: the 2005 ap us dbq essay, ability to say “42” as soon as they hear the stimulus “6 x 7,” and a familiarity with step-by-step procedures (sometimes called algorithms) for all kinds of problems #8212; carrying numbers while subtracting, subtracting while dividing, reducing fractions to the lowest common denominator, and man and the environment so forth. Ap Us Dbq Essay! You do one problem after another until you’ve got it down cold. And, as Brownell pointed out, if you have trouble producing the right answer, that’s “taken as evidence only of the need of further drill.” In reality, it’s the children who don’t understand the amrutur bharadwaj, underlying concepts who most need an approach to teaching that’s geared to deep understanding. The more they’re given algorithms and told exactly what to do, the farther behind they fall in terms of grasping these concepts. 2005 Ap Us! “Mindless mimicry mathematics,” as the National Research Council calls it, is the norm in our schools, from single-digit addition in first grade to trigonometry in high school. Students may memorize the fact that 0.4 = 4/10, or successfully follow a recipe to solve for x, but the traditional approach leaves them clueless about the responsible essay, significance of 2005 ap us dbq essay what they’re doing. Without any feel for the bigger picture, they tend to plug in who is responsible holocaust, numbers mechanically while applying the technique they’ve been taught. As a result, they often can’t take these methods and transfer them to problems even slightly different from those they’re used to.

Or perhaps I should say this is what we can’t do, in light of how many of us adults cheerfully describe ourselves as hating math or lacking any aptitude for it. (Rather curiously, some of us then become agitated if our children aren’t taught the subject with the same traditional methods that failed us!) All of this has been noticed by people who make their living thinking about math education. Several documents for reforming the field, including, most notably, the standards disseminated by the National Council of Teachers of Mathematics, have recommended that math classes revolve around making meaning rather than memorizing rules. Students should be encouraged to write and talk about their ideas, to understand the underlying concepts and be able to put them into words. There#8217;s a sharp contrast between math defined principally in terms of skills and math defined principally in terms of understanding. 2005 Ap Us! (The latter doesn’t exclude skills, of course; it just insists that skills should be offered in essays, a context and for a purpose.) But even a classroom centered on understanding may not be enough. 2005 Ap Us! Some traditionalists will agree that thinking should be “couched in terms of comprehending, integrating, and applying knowledge.” But in their classrooms, the student’s job is essays, “comprehending how the teacher has integrated or applied the ideas . . . and to 2005 ap us reconstruct the teacher’s thinking on the next test.”[5] This returns us to the fundamental question of whether understanding is passively absorbed or actively constructed. The best classrooms not only are characterized by more thinking than remembering; they also have students doing much of the thinking. Thus, children, with the teacher’s support, may reinvent the man and the environment, idea of 2005 ap us dbq essay ratios for themselves, or recreate the the environment essay, marvelously consistent relation among the ap us dbq essay, three sides of a right triangle (and discover its relevance to real-world design issues).

By weighing the literary essay like white elephants, possibilities, they come up with their own ways of finding solutions. 2005 Dbq Essay! What that means in man and, practice is as straightforward as it is counterintuitive: Terrific teachers generally refrain from showing their classes how to solve problems. Rather than demonstrating the 2005, “correct” procedure for structure essay, subtracting 37 from 82, for example, second-grade teachers might let the students (individually or in dbq essay, pairs) find ways to solve it, encouraging them to try various techniques, giving them ample time before calling them back together for a discussion so they can explain what they did, challenge each other’s answers (in a friendly, supportive way), ask questions, reconsider their own approaches, and figure out what works #8212; and skills paper why it works. Notice how different this process is from merely transmitting information to them in a way that would then be “reinforced” with drill and practice. Notice also that the learning depends to a large degree on 2005 dbq essay the interaction among children; it doesn’t lend itself to solitary efforts at the kitchen table. Until you’ve watched this kind of teaching, the man and essay, idea of trusting children to solve unfamiliar problems, or the idea that math is a creative enterprise involving invention, can be very hard to accept. It’s sometimes assumed that if an adult doesn’t immediately step in to say “That’s right” or “No, not quite,” children are being given the dbq essay, message that all answers are equally acceptable. In fact, exactly the opposite is true. It’s the the environment, fact that “82 minus 37” has only one right answer that makes this approach work. Ap Us Dbq Essay! “Children will eventually get to the truth if they think and debate long enough because, in [math], absolutely nothing is arbitrary,” says Constance Kamii, who has devoted her career to for the holocaust essay explaining – and proving #8212; the value of this sort of math education.[6] By contrast, when students are simply told the ap us dbq essay, most efficient way of getting the who is for the holocaust, answer, they get in dbq essay, the habit of looking to the adult, or the book, instead of thinking things through.

They become less autonomous, more dependent. Stuck in the middle of a problem, they’re less likely to try to figure out what makes sense to do next and more likely to try to remember what they’re supposed to do next – that is, what behavioral response they’ve been taught to produce. Lots of man and the environment essay practice can help some students get better at remembering the correct response, but not to get better at dbq essay – or even accustomed to #8212; thinking. “In traditional math, says Kamii, “kids are given rules that don’t make sense to them, and repetition seems to be necessary to memorize rules kids don’t understand.” She generally recommends steering clear of homework, “partly because what kids do at school is enough, and repetition is urdu, neither necessary nor desirable,” and partly because when parents try to 2005 ap us dbq essay help their children with math assignments they tend to teach them what they’ve been told are the “correct” ways to solve problems. Again, this shuts down children’s thinking. Even when students do acquire an academic skill through practice (in any subject), the way they acquire it should give us pause in terms of how they’ll approach that topic in the future. As the psychologist Ellen Langer has shown, “When we drill ourselves in a certain skill so that it becomes second nature,” we may come to perform that skill “mindlessly.”[7] Practicing some things until you can practically do them in bharadwaj, your sleep often interferes with flexibility and innovation. What can be done without thinking usually is done without thinking, and that may lock people into patterns and procedures that are less than ideal. Practice often leads to habit – which is, by definition, a mindless repetition of 2005 ap us dbq essay behavior #8212; but not to understanding. And when understanding is absent, the ability to use and apply the skill is very limited indeed.

Even under those circumstances and for amrutur thesis, those topics where a reasonable case can be made that practicing does make sense, we’re not entitled to conclude that homework of this type is appropriate for most students in any given classroom. For starters, such assignments aren’t of any use for those who don’t understand what they’re doing. 2005 Dbq Essay! “Perhaps the worst thing we can do is for kids, make [these children] do more of what [they] cannot do,” as child development experts Rheta DeVries and Lawrence Kohlberg once wrote.[8] Giving practice problems to students who lack understanding can have any of several effects: * It may make them feel stupid. (Over and over again, they’re reminded of what they can’t do.) * It may get them accustomed to doing things the 2005, wrong way, because what’s really “reinforced” are mistaken assumptions.[9] * It may teach them to fake it, perhaps by asking someone else for amrutur bharadwaj thesis, the correct answers, to conceal what they don’t know. * Finally, the whole exercise subtly teaches that math – or whatever subject they’re doing #8212; is something people aren’t expected to understand. At the same time, other students in the same class already have the skill down cold, so further practice for them is a waste of time. You’ve got some kids, then, who don’t need the practice and other kids who can’t use it. Even if we were willing to put aside more basic concerns about this kind of assignment, it’s entirely possible that only a handful of students in any classroom at any given time would be likely to benefit from it. Thus, the nearly universal tendency to 2005 give the same assignment to everyone in the class, while understandable in light of time constraints, is awfully hard to defend pedagogically. This is exactly why a New York math teacher, who has at who is for the holocaust essay various times taught students from second to eighth grade, told me that she has #8220;never found homework helpful. Those students who already knew how to do the stuff were bored with more of it at home. Those students who didn’t understand it made up their own ways to do things which were often wrong and repeated the practice, making it that much harder to get them to see it another way in ap us dbq essay, class.#8221; An eighth-grade English teacher in southern California arrived at the same conclusion: I very rarely give my students any kind of responsible for the holocaust essay homework.

I do not believe in homework, especially in a Language Arts class. Many teachers say that they give the students homework for practice, which is a wonderful concept. However, does every student in dbq essay, the class need the exact same amount of practice? What about the student who has the concept down perfectly after the various research, first item? Why does she have to do the other thirty-nine items? How about the student who practices all forty problems wrong? What good did the homework assignment do her?

I want my students to 2005 do their learning in my presence, so I can immediately correct them, or take them in essay hills elephants, a different direction, or push them further, or learn from them. Let’s assume for the moment that none of this was true – and that practice really could help most kids. Even so, it still hasn’t been shown that they need to do it at 2005 ap us home. Proponents of who is responsible essay homework simply assume that if practice is 2005 ap us, worthwhile, it must take place after school is over – in part because there’s not enough time for students to write or solve problems during the day. But this raises the question of what students should be doing. Often it’s assumed that the best use of class time is for students to various paper listen to the teacher. Here we find another example of how questionable assumptions about education underlie a belief in the necessity of homework. There is 2005 dbq essay, good reason to move beyond the “transmission” model of who is responsible for the essay learning – sometimes known as “sit ‘n git.” (The writer George Leonard once defined lecturing as the “best way to ap us dbq essay get information from teacher’s notebook to student’s notebook without touching the responsible for the holocaust essay, student’s mind.”) There’s a good case to be made that if class time is limited, most of those hours are better spent having students read and write, discuss and reflect. Indeed, many assignments are most valuable when they’re completed in class, where immediate feedback is available. Listen to the testimony of three teachers who address reading, writing, and math, respectively: In addition to reinforcement type worksheets which I do not assign for homework I also do not assign reading to be done at home.

Instead, I begin each day with an ap us article (1-2 pages tops) that relates to the topics we#8217;re studying. Man And Essay! Using just ten minutes a day, students end up reading over 100 college-level articles in the course of the year. Dbq Essay! Using class time enables us to go over the information collectively and immediately. I have to give students time to bharadwaj write in class. I’ve never walked into an art class where students aren’t actually engaged in making art; imagine how silly art classes would become if the teacher expected students to 2005 ap us dbq essay work on all of their projects at home alone, leaving class time for lectures or slides.

Of course we should expect students to write at home regularly. But assessment depends on observation, and if we do not allow students to write during class, we cannot observe their process or find the time to give them the man and the environment essay, responses and ask the questions that matter. I like to see students thinking through math. I need to see what they are understanding and where they are confused so that I can guide them appropriately. This, I find, only 2005 dbq essay, works in class. The Learner’s Point of View. Essay Like Elephants! Even if practice homework really did help some students to 2005 ap us dbq essay acquire a skill, any such benefit would have to be balanced against the effect it has on structure of your their interest in learning. If slogging through worksheets dampens their desire to read or think, surely that wouldn’t be worth an incremental improvement in skills.

But let’s take this a step further. Even if our only concern was with bottom-line academic achievement, it would be counterproductive to ignore how students felt about the process. Some adults seem to be convinced that kids ought to spend time doing what we regard as worthwhile regardless of whether they find it unpleasant, but there’s actually little reason to believe that it’s productive to make them do so. This is because excellence tends to follow interest. As I mentioned earlier, advocates of homework are fond of pointing out dbq essay that you don’t get to be proficient at activities like tennis or basketball without spending an essays for kids awful lot of time practicing. Dbq Essay! But even here, what matters most is the fact that the would-be athlete wants to be out on the court. Practice is most likely to be useful for someone who has chosen to do it, and excitement about an activity is the best predictor of competence.

That’s why one of the main challenges for a teacher is to help spark and sustain children’s intrinsic motivation to play with words and numbers and ideas. Of Your Essay! Conversely, when an activity feels like drudgery, the ap us, quality of learning tends to suffer. The fact that so many children regard homework as something to finish as quickly as possible – or even as a significant source of stress[10] – helps to explain why there’s so little evidence that it offers any academic advantage even for those who obediently sit down and complete the tasks they’ve been assigned. That fact makes perfect sense in in writing, light of a fundamental insight that has emerged from the work of psychological theorists and researchers who have transcended behaviorism: What matters most is not a child’s action; it’s what underlies the action #8212; her needs, goals, and attitudes.[11] It’s not what she does that’s going to prove beneficial (or not) in the long run; it’s why she does it, what she was hoping to get out of it, whether it makes sense to her (and, if so, for what reason). Of course, it’s much harder to measure these things than a variable like #8220;time on task.#8221; By the ap us, same token, it’s easier to make students spend hours practicing a skill than it is to change their view of what they’re learning, how they see themselves in relation to that task, how competent they think they are, and so on. But that doesn’t alter the fact that the best predictor of results is how things appear from the student’s point of view. The Environment! The failure to dbq essay grasp the significance of these complex, subjective issues comprises the most serious misunderstanding of urdu all where learning is concerned.

Essays in dbq essay, favor of homework generally reflect a tendency to skills research paper regard children as inert objects to be acted on: Make them practice and they’ll get better. My argument isn’t just that this viewpoint is disrespectful, or that it’s a residue of an outdated stimulus-response psychology. I’m also suggesting it just doesn’t work. Children cannot be made to ap us dbq essay acquire skills. Literary Essay! They aren’t vending machines such that we put in more homework and get out more learning. Dbq Essay! Even parents who object to homework on the basis of the unpleasant interactions that take place may fail to appreciate how their children experience the homework itself – and how that reduces the chance that it will have the desired effect. Similarly, even researchers who consider students’ perspectives tend to do so in bharadwaj thesis, the context of reporting that homework elicits considerable resistance, but only because those darn kids don’t understand that homework is good for them.

Our job, we’re led to 2005 ap us dbq essay understand, is to change how students look at things – or at least to convince them to do what they’re told. But what if our goal was to understand rather than to convince? What if we made a serious effort to imagine – from the child’s point of view #8212; what homework feels like and what it actually teaches? Do all those assignments really impress upon kids the importance of responsibility, achievement, and of your hard work? Or are their real messages that learning has to ap us dbq essay be unpleasant, that my parents and teachers have formed an the environment essay alliance against me, that I’m not trusted to decide what to do with my spare time? Perhaps we so rarely try to experience homework from the ap us dbq essay, vantage point of those who have to do it because this exercise would end up revealing its futility.

I argued in chapter 2 that a careful review of the data really doesn’t provide much support for amrutur, the idea that homework is necessary to help students learn better. If this seemed perplexing, it may be because we’ve just accepted claims about the dbq essay, value of spending more time on a task or the benefits of various research practicing a skill, or because we haven’t considered the tradition in educational psychology that demonstrates the significance of the student’s experience of what he’s doing. Misconceptions about learning are pervasive in all sorts of neighborhoods, and 2005 ap us dbq essay they’re held by various skills in writing paper parents and teachers alike. It’s these beliefs – even more than a lack of awareness of what studies have found – that make it so hard even to question the 2005, practice of assigning regular homework. You can lead people to essay hills like white the research results, show them that there are no data at all to ap us support the value of giving homework to students in elementary school, and it won’t have any impact if they’re convinced that practice makes perfect and more time naturally produces more learning. If, in responsible essay, other words, we assume homework is a necessary part of education, that may be because of how little we know about how children actually become educated. To learn more about learning is to look at the assignments kids are required to 2005 do in a very different light. [Full citations appear in the book’s bibliography. Some endnotes in essay, the book have been omitted here.] 1. Brownell 1935, pp. 2005 Ap Us! 10, 12. Emphasis added.

Elsewhere, he wrote as follows: “The child who can promptly give the answer 12 to who is responsible holocaust essay 7 + 5 has by no means demonstrated that he knows the combination. He does not ‘know’ the combination until he understands something of the reason why 7 and 5 is 12, until he can demonstrate to 2005 ap us dbq essay himself and to others that 7 and essays 5 is 12 … and until he can use the combination in an intelligent manner – in a word, until the combination possesses meaning for him” (Brownell 1928, p. 198). 2. 2005 Ap Us! Putnam et al., p. 89. Lauren Resnick and holocaust essay other experts have made the same point. 3. In so doing, it also invites them to think critically about 2005 ap us, those ideas.

By contrast, as the Brazilian educator Paolo Freire pointed out, “the more students work at storing the deposits entrusted to them” — a pretty good summary of most homework — “the less they develop [a] critical consciousness” (p. 54). Structure Of Your! This raises the interesting possibility that while a reluctance to 2005 dbq essay ask provocative questions may help to perpetuate the institution of homework, the institution of bharadwaj thesis homework may also discourage students from asking provocative questions. 4. In what follows, I draw from The Schools Our Children Deserve (Kohn 1999b), which, in turn, contains references to the work of many other thinkers. 5. Windschitl, p. 352. 6. Kamii, 1994, p. 2005 Dbq Essay! 67.

8. Structure! DeVries and Kohlberg, p. 374. 9. This is exactly what the ap us, eminent educator John Goodlad discovered in his “Study of Schooling” across the U.S.: “A very large percentage of children [in elementary schools] reported to holocaust us that they frequently did not understand the ap us dbq essay, directions for the work they were to do. The consequence of man and the environment this is that they did not get much done at school and so had a good deal to do at home—but did not understand the work in the first place. In other words, if there was any reinforcement in the behavioristic sense, homework probably provided reinforcement of the wrong way of 2005 ap us figuring out essay elephants a mathematics problem” (personal communication, November 2005). 10. All of this also applies to more sophisticated homework, by 2005 ap us the way. Bharadwaj! Even if the rationale is to promote “integration of skills” – a current buzzphrase #8212; rather than the mere rehearsal of 2005 dbq essay those skills, the reality is often that “the only skills being integrated are those of procrastination and panic” (Waldman).

11. For more on this, including some supporting research, see Kohn, The Schools Our Children Deserve , especially chapter 2.

essay over beliefs ESSAY ON CHRISTIANITY. THE Being who has influenced in the most memorable manner the opinions and ap us the fortunes of the human species, is Jesus Christ. At this day, his name is connected with the devotional feelings of two hundred millions of the race of man. The institutions of the most civilized portions of the globe derive their authority from the sanction of his doctrines; he is the hero, the God, of for the holocaust our popular religion. His extraordinary genius, the wide and rapid effect of his unexampled doctrines, his invincible gentleness and benignity, the devoted love borne to him by his adherents, suggested a persuasion to them that he was something divine. 2005 Ap Us Dbq Essay? The supernatural events which the historians of this wonderful man subsequently asserted to urdu essays for kids have been connected with every gradation of his career, established the opinion. His death is said to have been accompanied by an accumulation of tremendous prodigies. Utter darkness fell upon the earth, blotting the noonday sun; dead bodies, arising from their graves, walked through the public streets, and an earthquake shook the astonished city, rending the rocks of the surrounding mountains. The philosopher may attribute the application of these events to the death of a reformer, or the events themselves to a visitation of that universal Pan who——

The thoughts which the word God suggests to the human mind are susceptible of as many variations as human minds themselves. The Stoic, the Platonist, and the Epicurean, the Polytheist, the Dualist, and the Trinitarian, differ infinitely in their conceptions of its meaning. They agree only in considering it the most awful and most venerable of names, as a common term devised to express all of dbq essay mystery, or majesty, or power, which the invisible world contains. And not only has every sect distinct conceptions of the application of this name, but scarcely two individuals of the same sect, who exercise in any degree the freedom of their judgment, or yield themselves with any candour of feeling to the influences of the visible world, find perfect coincidence of opinion to exist between them. It is [interesting] to structure inquire in what acceptation Jesus Christ employed this term. We may conceive his mind to have been predisposed on this subject to adopt the opinions of his countrymen. Every human being is 2005 indebted for a multitude of his sentiments to the religion of thesis his early years. Jesus Christ probably [studied] the historians of his country with the ardour of a spirit seeking after truth. They were undoubtedly the companions of his childish years, the food and nutriment and materials of his youthful meditations. The Sublime dramatic poem entitled Job had familiarized his imagination with the dbq essay, boldest imagery afforded by the human mind and the material world.

Ecclesiastes had diffused a seriousness and solemnity over the frame of his spirit, glowing with youthful hope, and essay [had] made audible to his listening heart The still, sad music of ap us humanity, Not harsh or grating, but of ample power. To chasten and subdue. He had contemplated this name as having been profanely perverted to the sanctioning of the most enormous and abominable crimes. We can distinctly trace, in literary essay hills white, the tissue of his doctrines, the persuasion that God is some universal Being, differing from man and the mind of man. According to Jesus Christ, God is 2005 ap us neither the Jupiter, who sends rain upon the earth; nor the Venus, through whom all living things are produced; nor the Vulcan, who presides over the terrestrial element of fire; nor the Vesta, that preserves the structure essay, light which is enshrined in the sun and moon and stars. He is neither the Proteus nor the dbq essay, Pan of the material world. But the word God, according to the acceptation of Jesus Christ, unites all the attributes which these denominations contain and is the [interpoint] and over-ruling Spirit of all the energy and wisdom included within the circle of various skills paper existing things. It is important to observe that the author of the Christian system had a conception widely differing from the gross imaginations of the vulgar relatively to the ruling Power of the universe. He everywhere represents this Power as something mysteriously and illimitably pervading the frame of things. Nor do his doctrines practically assume any proposition which they theoretically deny.

They do not represent God as a limitless and inconceivable mystery; affirming, at 2005 ap us dbq essay, the same time, his existence as a Being subject to passion and capable—— Blessed are the pure in heart, for they shall see God. Blessed are those who have preserved internal sanctity of soul; who are conscious of various in writing no secret deceit; who are the same in act as they are in desire; who conceal no thought, no tendencies of thought, from their own conscience; who are faithful and sincere witnesses, before the 2005 dbq essay, tribunal of their own judgments, of all that passes within their mind. Essays For Kids? Such as these shall see God. What! after death, shall their awakened eyes behold the King of ap us Heaven? Shall they stand in awe before the essay, golden throne on which he sits, and gaze upon the venerable countenance of the paternal Monarch? Is this the reward of the virtuous and the pure? These are the idle dreams of the visionary, or the pernicious representations of impostors, who have fabricated from the very materials of wisdom a cloak for dbq essay their own dwarfish or imbecile conceptions.

Jesus Christ has said no more than the most excellent philosophers have felt and expressed—that virtue is its own reward. It is true that such an expression as he has used was prompted by the energy of genius, and was the overflowing enthusiasm of a poet; but it is not the less literally true [because] clearly repugnant to the mistaken conceptions of the multitude. Literary Hills Elephants? God, it has been asserted, was contemplated by Jesus Christ as every poet and every philosopher must have contemplated that mysterious principle. He considered that venerable word to express the overruling Spirit of the collective energy of the 2005 ap us dbq essay, moral and material world. He affirms, therefore, no more than that a simple, sincere mind is the indispensable requisite of true science and for kids true happiness. He affirms that a being of pure and gentle habits will not fail, in every thought, in 2005, every object of every thought, to be aware of benignant visitings from the invisible energies by which he is surrounded. Whosoever is free from the structure of your essay, contamination of 2005 ap us luxury and licence, may go forth to the fields and to the woods, inhaling joyous renovation from the breath of Spring, or catching from the odours and sounds of man and essay Autumn some diviner mood of sweetest sadness, which improves the softened heart. Whosoever is no deceiver or destroyer of his fellow men—no liar, no flatterer, no murderer may walk among his species, deriving, from the communion with all which they contain of beautiful or of majestic, some intercourse with the Universal God.

Whosoever has maintained with his own heart the strictest correspondence of confidence, who dares to examine and to estimate every imagination which suggests itself to his mind—whosoever is that which he designs to become, and only aspires to that which the divinity of his own nature shall consider and approve—he has already seen God. We live and move and think; but we are not the creators of our own origin and existence. 2005 Ap Us Dbq Essay? We are not the arbiters of the environment essay every motion of our own complicated nature; we are not the masters of our own imaginations and moods of mental being. There is a Power by which we are surrounded, like the atmosphere in which some motionless lyre is 2005 ap us suspended, which visits with its breath our silent chords at skills in writing paper, will. Our most imperial and stupendous qualities—those on which the majesty and the power of humanity is erected—are, relatively to the inferior portion of its mechanism, active and imperial; but they are the passive slaves of some higher and more omnipotent Power. This Power is God; and those who have seen God have, in the period of 2005 ap us dbq essay their purer and bharadwaj more perfect nature, been harmonized by their own will to so exquisite [a] consentaneity of power as to ap us dbq essay give forth divinest melody, when the breath of urdu essays for kids universal being sweeps over dbq essay, their frame.

That those who are pure in structure, heart shall see God, and that virtue is 2005 ap us its own reward, may be considered as equivalent assertions. The former of these propositions is a metaphorical repetition of the latter. The advocates of literal interpretation have been the most efficacious enemies of those doctrines whose nature they profess to venerate. Thucydides, in particular, affords a number of instances calculated—— Tacitus says, that the Jews held God to man and be something eternal and 2005 supreme, neither subject to change nor to decay; therefore, they permit no statues in their cities or their temples. The universal Being can only be described or defined by negatives which deny his subjection to the laws of all inferior existences. Of Your Essay? Where indefiniteness ends, idolatry and anthropomorphism begin.

God is, as Lucan has expressed, Quodcunque vides, quodcunque moveris, Et coelum et virtus. The doctrine of what some fanatics have termed a peculiar Providence—that is, of some power beyond and superior to that which ordinarily guides the 2005 ap us dbq essay, operations of the Universe, interfering to punish the vicious and reward the virtuous—is explicitly denied by man and, Jesus Christ. The absurd and execrable doctrine of vengeance, in all its shapes , seems to have been contemplated by this great moralist with the profoundest disapprobation; nor would he permit the most venerable of names to be perverted into ap us dbq essay a sanction for the meanest and most contemptible propensities incident to the nature of man. Love your enemies, bless those who curse you, that ye may be the literary like white, sons of your Heavenly Father, who makes the sun to shine on the good and on the evil, and the rain to ap us fall on the just and unjust. For The Essay? How monstrous a calumny have not impostors dared to advance against the mild and 2005 dbq essay gentle author of this just sentiment, and against the whole tenor of man and the environment his doctrines and his life, overflowing with benevolence and forbearance and compassion! They have represented him asserting that the Omnipotent God—that merciful and dbq essay benignant Power who scatters equally upon the beautiful earth all the bharadwaj, elements of security and happiness—whose influences are distributed to all whose natures admit of a participation in 2005 ap us dbq essay, them—who sends to the weak and vicious creatures of his will all the benefits which they are capable of sharing—that this God has devised a scheme whereby the body shall live after its apparent dissolution, and be rendered capable of indefinite torture.

He is said to have compared the agonies which the vicious shall then endure to the excruciations of a living body bound among the flames, and being consumed sinew by sinew, and bone by man and the environment, bone. And this is to be done, not because it is supposed (and the supposition would be sufficiently detestable) that the moral nature of the sufferer would be improved by 2005 ap us, his tortures—it is done because it is just to be done. My neighbour, or my servant, or my child, has done me an injury, and it is essays just that he should suffer an injury in return. Such is the doctrine which Jesus Christ summoned his whole resources of persuasion to oppose. Love your enemy, bless those who curse you: such, he says, is the practice of God, and 2005 ap us such must ye imitate if ye would be the children of God. Jesus Christ would hardly have cited, as an example of all that is gentle and beneficent and man and compassionate, a Being who shall deliberately scheme to inflict on a large portion of the 2005 dbq essay, human race tortures indescribably intense and indefinitely protracted; who shall inflict them, too, without any mistake as to for the holocaust the true nature of pain—without any view to future good—merely because it is just. This, and no other, is justice:—to consider, under all the circumstances and consequences of a particular case, how the dbq essay, greatest quantity and purest quality of literary essay hills elephants happiness will ensue from any action; [this] is to be just, and there is no other justice.

The distinction between justice and mercy was first imagined in the courts of tyrants. Mankind receive every relaxation of dbq essay their tyranny as a circumstance of grace or favour. Such was the clemency of Julius Caesar, who, having achieved by a series of treachery and bloodshed the ruin of the liberties of his country, receives the fame of mercy because, possessing the power to slay the noblest men of Rome, he restrained his sanguinary soul, arrogating to himself as a merit an abstinence from actions which if he had committed, he would only have added one other atrocity to his deeds. His assassins understood justice better. They saw the most virtuous and the environment essay civilized community of mankind under the insolent dominion of 2005 ap us dbq essay one wicked man; and they murdered him. They destroyed the literary hills white, usurper of the liberties of their countrymen, not because they hated him, not because they would revenge the wrongs which they had sustained (Brutus, it is 2005 ap us dbq essay said, was his most familiar friend; most of the conspirators were habituated to domestic intercourse with the man whom they destroyed): it was in affection, inextinguishable love for all that is venerable and dear to the human heart, in the names of Country, Liberty, and Virtue; it was in a serious and solemn and reluctant mood, that these holy patriots murdered their father and their friend. They would have spared his violent death, if he could have deposited the rights which he had assumed. His own selfish and narrow nature necessitated the sacrifices they made. Skills In Writing? They required that he should change all those habits which debauchery and ap us dbq essay bloodshed had twined around the essay hills, fibres of his inmost frame of thought; that he should participate with them and with his country those privileges which, having corrupted by assuming to himself, he would no longer value. They would have sacrificed their lives if they could have made him worthy of the sacrifice.

Such are the feelings which Jesus Christ asserts to belong to the ruling Power of the world. He desireth not the death of 2005 ap us a sinner; he makes the amrutur, sun to shine upon the just and unjust. The nature of a narrow and malevolent spirit is so essentially incompatible with happiness as to ap us render it inaccessible to the influences of the benignant God. All that his own perverse propensities will permit him to receive, that God abundantly pours forth upon him. If there is the slightest overbalance of happiness, which can be allotted to the most atrocious offender, consistently with the nature of things, that is rigidly made his portion by the ever-watchful Power of God. In every case, the human mind enjoys the utmost pleasure which it is who is responsible for the capable of enjoying. God is represented by Jesus Christ as the Power from which, and through which, the dbq essay, streams of all that is excellent and delightful flow; the Power which models, as they pass, all the elements of structure this mixed universe to the purest and most perfect shape which it belongs to their nature to assume. Jesus Christ attributes to this Power the faculty of Will. How far such a doctrine, in its ordinary sense, may be philosophically true, or how far Jesus Christ intentionally availed himself of a metaphor easily understood, is foreign to the subject to consider.

This much is certain, that Jesus Christ represents God as the fountain of dbq essay all goodness, the eternal enemy of pain and evil, the uniform and unchanging motive of the salutary operations of the material world. The supposition that this cause is excited to action by some principle analogous to the human will, adds weight to the persuasion that it is foreign to its beneficent nature to inflict the slightest pain. According to Jesus Christ, and according to the indisputable facts of the case, some evil spirit has dominion in this imperfect world. But there will come a time when the human mind shall be visited exclusively by the influences of the benignant Power. Men shall die, and their bodies shall rot under the in writing research paper, ground; all the organs through which their knowledge and 2005 dbq essay their feelings have flowed, or in which they have originated, shall assume other forms, and become ministrant to purposes the most foreign from their former tendencies. There is a time when we shall neither be heard or be seen by the multitude of beings like ourselves by whom we have been so long surrounded. They shall go to graves; where then? It appears that we moulder to a heap of senseless dust; to a few worms, that arise and perish, like ourselves. Jesus Christ asserts that these appearances are fallacious, and that a gloomy and cold imagination alone suggests the conception that thought can cease to be. Another and a more extensive state of being, rather than the complete extinction of being will follow from that mysterious change which we call Death.

There shall be no misery, no pain, no fear. The empire of urdu evil spirits extends not beyond the boundaries of the dbq essay, grave. The unobscured irradiations from the fountain-fire of all goodness shall reveal all that is mysterious and unintelligible, until the mutual communications of knowledge and of happiness throughout all thinking natures, constitute a harmony of various skills paper good that ever varies and never ends. This is Heaven, when pain and dbq essay evil cease, and when the Benignant Principle, untrammelled and uncontrolled, visits in the fulness of its power the universal frame of literary hills like things. Human life, with all its unreal ills and transitory hopes, is as a dream, which departs before the dawn, leaving no trace of its evanescent lines. All that it contains of pure or of divine visits the passive mind in some serenest mood. Most holy are the feelings through which our fellow beings are rendered dear and [venerable] to the heart. The remembrance of their sweetness, and the completion of the hopes which they [excite], constitute, when we awaken from the sleep of life, the fulfilment of the prophecies of its most majestic and 2005 ap us beautiful visions. We die, says Jesus Christ; and, when we awaken from the languor of disease, the glories and the happiness of Paradise are around us.

All evil and pain have ceased for ever. Our happiness also corresponds with, and is adapted to, the nature of what is most excellent in structure of your essay, our being. We see God, and we see that he is good. How delightful a picture, even if it be not true! How magnificent is the ap us dbq essay, conception which this bold theory suggests to the contemplation, even if it be no more than the imagination of some sublimest and most holy poet, who, impressed with the loveliness and majesty of his own nature, is impatient and essay discontented with the narrow limits which this imperfect life and the dark grave have assigned for ever as his melancholy portion. It is not to be believed that Hell, or punishment, was the conception of this daring mind. It is not to be believed that the ap us, most prominent group of this picture, which is framed so heart-moving and lovely—the accomplishment of amrutur bharadwaj all human hope, the extinction of all morbid fear and anguish—would consist of millions of sensitive beings enduring, in every variety of torture which Omniscient vengeance could invent, immortal agony. Jesus Christ opposed with earnest eloquence the 2005 dbq essay, panic fears and hateful superstitions which have enslaved mankind for ages. Nations had risen against nations, employing the subtlest devices of mechanism and mind to waste, and hills white elephants excruciate, and overthrow. The great community of mankind had been subdivided into ten thousand communities, each organized for 2005 ap us dbq essay the ruin of the other. Wheel within wheel, the the environment essay, vast machine was instinct with the restless spirit of desolation.

Pain had been inflicted; therefore, pain should be inflicted in return. Retaliation of injuries is the only remedy which can be applied to violence, because it teaches the injurer the true nature of his own conduct, and operates as a warning against its repetition. Nor must the same measure of calamity be returned as was received. If a man borrows a certain sum from me, he is bound to repay that sum. Shall no more be required of the enemy who destroys my reputation, or ravages my fields? It is just that he should suffer ten times the loss which he has inflicted, that the legitimate consequences of his deed may never be obliterated from his remembrance, and that others may clearly discern and feel the danger of 2005 dbq essay invading the peace of human society. Such reasonings, and the impetuous feelings arising from them, have armed nation against nation, family against family, man against man. An Athenian soldier, in the Ionian army which had assembled for the purpose of vindicating the liberty of the Asiatic Greeks, accidentally set fire to who is holocaust essay Sardis.

The city, being composed of combustible materials, was burned to the ground. The Persians believed that this circumstance of aggression made it their duty to retaliate on Athens. They assembled successive expeditions on the most extensive scale. Every nation of the East was united to ruin the Grecian States. Athens was burned to the ground, the whole territory laid waste, and every living thing which it contained [destroyed].

After suffering and inflicting incalculable mischiefs, they desisted from their purpose only when they became impotent to effect it. The desire of revenge for the aggression of Persia outlived, among the Greeks, that love of liberty which bad been their most glorious distinction among the nations of mankind; and 2005 Alexander became the instrument of its completion. The mischiefs attendant on this consummation of man and essay fruitless ruin are too manifold and too tremendous to be related. If all the thought which had been expended on the construction of engines of agony and death—the modes of aggression and defence, the raising of armies, and the acquirement of those arts of tyranny and falsehood without which mixed multitudes could neither be led nor governed—had been employed to promote the true welfare and extend the real empire of 2005 dbq essay man, how different would have been the present situation of human society! how different the state of amrutur knowledge in physical and moral science, upon 2005 which the power and happiness of mankind essentially depend! What nation has the example of the desolation of Attica by Mardonius and Xerxes, or the extinction of the Persian empire by Alexander of Macedon, restrained from essay hills like elephants, outrage? Was not the pretext of this latter system of spoliation derived immediately from the former? Had revenge in this instance any other effect than to ap us dbq essay increase, instead of diminishing, the mass of malice and evil already existing in the world? The emptiness and folly of retaliation are apparent from every example which can be brought forward.

Not only Jesus Christ, but the most eminent professors of every sect of philosophy, have reasoned against this futile superstition. Legislation is, in one point of view, to be considered as an attempt to provide against the excesses of hills like white this deplorable mistake. It professes to assign the penalty of all private injuries, and denies to individuals the right of vindicating their proper cause. This end is certainly not attained without some accommodation to ap us dbq essay the propensities which it desires to destroy. Still, it recognizes no principle but the production of the greatest eventual good with the least immediate injury—and regards the torture, or the death, of any human being as unjust, of whatever mischief be may have been the author, so that the result shall not more than compensate for the immediate pain. Mankind, transmitting from generation to generation the legacy of accumulated vengeances, and pursuing with the feelings of duty the misery of their fellow-beings, have not failed to attribute to the Universal Cause a character analogous with their own. The image of this invisible, mysterious Being is more or less excellent and perfect—resembles more or less its original—in proportion to the perfection of the mind on which it is impressed. Thus, that nation which has arrived at skills in writing paper, the highest step in ap us, the scale of moral progression will believe most purely in that God, the knowledge of essay whose real attributes is dbq essay considered as the firmest basis of the true religion.

The reason of the belief of each individual, also, will be so far regulated by his conceptions of what is good. Thus, the conceptions which any nation or individual entertains of the God of its popular worship may be inferred from their own actions and opinions, which are the subjects of their approbation among their fellow-men. Jesus Christ instructed his disciples to be perfect, as their Father in Heaven is perfect, declaring at the same time his belief that human perfection requires the refraining from revenge and retribution in any of its various shapes. The perfection of the human and the divine character is thus asserted to be the for kids, same. Man, by resembling God, fulfils most accurately the tendencies of his nature; and God comprehends within himself all that constitutes human perfection. Thus, God is a model through which the 2005 ap us dbq essay, excellence of man is to be estimated, whilst the abstract perfection of the human character is the type of the actual perfection of the divine. It is not to be believed that a person of such comprehensive views as Jesus Christ could have fallen into so manifest a contradiction as to assert that men would be tortured after death by that Being whose character is held up as a model to human kind, because he is thesis incapable of malevolence and 2005 ap us dbq essay revenge.

All the arguments which have been brought forward to justify retribution fail, when retribution is destined neither to operate as an example to other agents, nor to the offender himself. How feeble such reasoning is to be considered, has been already shewn; but it is the character of an evil Demon to consign the beings whom he has endowed with sensation to urdu unprofitable anguish. The peculiar circumstances attendant on the conception of God casting sinners to 2005 ap us burn in essay hills like elephants, Hell for 2005 dbq essay ever, combine to in writing render that conception the most perfect specimen of the ap us dbq essay, greatest imaginable crime. Jesus Christ represented God as the principle of all good, the source of all happiness, the wise and benevolent Creator and Preserver of all living things. But the interpreters of his doctrines have confounded the good and the evil principle. They observed the emanations of bharadwaj their universal natures to be inextricably entangled in the world, and, trembling before the power of the cause of all things, addressed to it such flattery as is acceptable to the ministers of human tyranny, attributing love and wisdom to those energies which they felt to be exerted indifferently for 2005 ap us the purposes of benefit and calamity. Jesus Christ expressly asserts that distinction between the thesis, good and evil principle which it has been the practice of all theologians to confound. How far his doctrines, or their interpretation, may be true, it would scarcely have been worth while to inquire, if the one did not afford an example and an incentive to the attainment of 2005 true virtue, whilst the urdu essays, other holds out a sanction and apology for every species of mean and cruel vice. It cannot be precisely ascertained in what degree Jesus Christ accommodated his doctrines to the opinions of his auditors; or in what degree he really said all that he is related to have said.

He has left no written record of himself, and we are compelled to judge from the imperfect and obscure information which his biographers (persons certainly of very undisciplined and undiscriminating minds) have transmitted to posterity. Dbq Essay? These writers (our only guides) impute sentiments to Jesus Christ which flatly contradict each other. Various In Writing? They represent him as narrow, superstitious, and exquisitely vindictive and malicious. They insert, in the midst of 2005 ap us a strain of impassioned eloquence or sagest exhortation, a sentiment only research paper, remarkable for its naked and drivelling folly. But it is not difficult to distinguish the inventions by which these historians have filled up the interstices of tradition, or corrupted the simplicity of truth, from the real character of their rude amazement. They have left sufficiently clear indications of the genuine character of Jesus Christ to rescue it for ever from the imputations cast upon it by their ignorance and fanaticism. We discover that he is the 2005 ap us dbq essay, enemy of oppression and of falsehood; that he is the advocate of equal justice; that he is neither disposed to amrutur bharadwaj thesis sanction bloodshed nor deceit, under whatsoever pretences their practice may be vindicated.

We discover that he was a man of meek and majestic demeanour, calm in danger; of natural and simple thought and habits; beloved to adoration by his adherents; unmoved, solemn, and severe. It is utterly incredible that this man said, that if you hate your enemy you would find it to your account to return him good for evil, since, by such a temporary oblivion of vengeance, you would heap coals of dbq essay fire on his head. Where such contradictions occur, a favourable construction is warranted by the general innocence of manners and comprehensiveness of views which he is represented to possess. The rule of criticism to be adopted in judging of the life, actions, and words of a man who has acted any conspicuous part in the revolutions of the urdu for kids, world, should not be narrow. We ought to form a general image of his character and of his doctrines, and refer to this whole the distinct portions of action and speech by which they are diversified. It is 2005 dbq essay not here asserted that no contradictions are to literary essay hills elephants be admitted to have taken place in the system of Jesus Christ, between doctrines promulgated in different states of feeling or information, or even such as are implied in the enunciation of a scheme of thought, various and obscure through its immensity and depth. It is not asserted that no degree of human indignation ever hurried him beyond the limits which his calmer mood had placed to disapprobation against vice and folly.

Those deviations from the history of his life are alone to be vindicated which represent his own essential character in 2005 ap us dbq essay, contradiction with itself. Every human mind has what Bacon calls its idola specus—peculiar images which reside in the inner cave of thought. These constitute the essential and man and distinctive character of every human being; to which every action and every word have intimate relation; and by which, in ap us, depicting a character, the genuineness and meaning of these words and who is for the essay actions are to be determined. Every fanatic or enemy of virtue is not at liberty to misrepresent the greatest geniuses and most heroic defenders of all that is valuable in this mortal world. History, to gain any credit, must contain some truth, and that truth shall thus be made a sufficient indication of prejudice and deceit. With respect to 2005 the miracles which these biographers have related, I have already declined to enter into essay hills white any discussion on their nature or their existence. 2005 Ap Us? The supposition of their falsehood or their truth would modify in no degree the hues of the picture which is attempted to amrutur be delineated. To judge truly of the moral and philosophical character of Socrates, it is not necessary to determine the question of the familiar Spirit which [it] is supposed that he believed to attend on him. The power of the human mind, relatively to ap us dbq essay intercourse with or dominion over the invisible world, is of your doubtless an interesting theme of discussion; but the ap us dbq essay, connexion of the instance of man and Jesus Christ with the established religion of the country in which I write, renders it dangerous to subject oneself to the imputation of introducing new Gods or abolishing old ones; nor is the duty of mutual forbearance sufficiently understood to render it certain that the 2005 ap us, metaphysician and the moralist, even though he carefully sacrifice a cock to ?sculapius, may not receive something analogous to the bowl of hemlock for amrutur the reward of his labours. Much, however, of what his biographers have asserted is not to 2005 be rejected merely because inferences inconsistent with the general spirit of his system are to be adduced from its admission. Jesus Christ did what every other reformer who has produced any considerable effect upon the world has done.

He accommodated his doctrines to the prepossessions of those whom he addressed. He used a language for this view sufficiently familiar to our comprehensions. He said,—However new or strange my doctrines may appear to you, they are in various, fact only the restoration and re-establishment of those original institutions and ancient customs of your own law and religion. 2005 Ap Us Dbq Essay? The constitutions of your faith and policy, although perfect in their origin, have become corrupt and altered, and have fallen into decay. I profess to restore them to their pristine authority and splendour. Think not that I am come to destroy the Law and the Prophets. I am come not to destroy, but to fulfil. Till heaven and earth pass away, one jot or one tittle shall in nowise pass away from the Law, till all be fulfilled.

Thus, like a skilful orator (see Cicero, De Oratore ), he secures the prejudices of his auditors, and induces them, by his professions of holocaust essay sympathy with their feelings, to enter with a willing mind into the exposition of his own. The art of persuasion differs from that of reasoning; and it is of no small moment, to the success even of a true cause, that the judges who are to determine on its merits should be free from those national and religious predilections which render the multitude both deaf and blind. Let not this practice be considered as an unworthy artifice. It were best for the cause of reason that mankind should acknowledge no authority but its own; but it is useful, to a certain extent, that they should not consider those institutions which they have been habituated to reverence as opposing an obstacle to 2005 ap us its admission. All reformers have been compelled to practise this misrepresentation of structure of your their own true feelings and opinions. It is 2005 deeply to be lamented that a word should ever issue from human lips which contains the minutest alloy of of your dissimulation, or simulation, or hypocrisy, or exaggeration, or anything but the precise and rigid image which is present to the mind, and which ought to dictate the expression. But the practice of utter sincerity towards other men would avail to no good end, if they were incapable of 2005 dbq essay practising it towards their own minds. In fact, truth cannot be communicated until it is structure of your perceived.

The interests, therefore, of truth require that an orator should, as far as possible, produce in his hearers that state of mind on which alone his exhortations could fairly be contemplated and examined. Having produced this favourable disposition of mind, Jesus Christ proceeds to dbq essay qualify, and finally to abrogate, the system of the Jewish law. He descants upon its insufficiency as a code of moral conduct, which it professed to essay hills like be, and absolutely selects the law of retaliation as an instance of the absurdity and immorality of its institutions. The conclusion of the speech is in a strain of the most daring and most impassioned speculation. He seems emboldened by the success of his exculpation to the multitude, to ap us dbq essay declare in public the utmost singularity of his faith. He tramples upon all received opinions, on all the cherished luxuries and superstitions of mankind. He bids them cast aside the chains of custom and blind faith by which they have been encompassed from the very cradle of their being, and essay receive the imitator and minister of the Universal God. EQUALITY OF MANKIND. The spirit of the Lord is upon me, because he hath chosen me to 2005 ap us preach the gospel to the poor: he hath sent me to heal the who is holocaust essay, broken-hearted, to preach deliverance to 2005 ap us dbq essay the captives and essay recovering of sight to the blind, and to set at liberty them that are bruised. (Luke, Ch.

IV. v. 2005 Ap Us? 18.) This is an enunciation of all that Plato and Diogenes have speculated upon the equality of mankind. They saw that the essay, great majority of the human species were reduced to the situation of squalid ignorance and moral imbecility, for the purpose of purveying for the luxury of ap us a few, and contributing to the satisfaction of their thirst for man and the environment essay power. Too mean-spirited and dbq essay too feeble in resolve to various skills research attempt the conquest of their own evil passions, and of the difficulties of the material world, men sought dominion over their fellow-men, as an easy method to gain that apparent majesty and power which the instinct of their nature requires. Plato wrote the ap us, scheme of a republic, in of your essay, which law should watch over the equal distribution of the external instruments of unequal power—honours, property, c. Diogenes devised a nobler and a more worthy system of opposition to the system of the slave and tyrant. 2005 Ap Us? He said: It is in the power of each individual to level the inequality which is the topic of the complaint of mankind.

Let him be aware of his own worth, and the station which he occupies in the scale of moral beings. Diamonds and gold, palaces and sceptres, derive their value from the opinion of mankind. The only essays for kids, sumptuary law which can be imposed on the use and fabrication of these instruments of dbq essay mischief and deceit, these symbols of successful injustice, is the law of opinion. Every man possesses the power, in this respect, to legislate for himself. Let him be well aware of his own worth and moral dignity. Let him yield in meek reverence to any wiser or worthier than he, so long as he accords no veneration to the splendour of his apparel, the luxury of his food, the multitude of his flatterers and slaves. It is because, mankind, ye value and seek the literary essay like white, empty pageantry of wealth and social power, that ye are enslaved to its possessions. Ap Us Dbq Essay? Decrease your physical wants; learn to urdu live, so far as nourishment arid shelter are concerned, like the ap us dbq essay, beast of the forest and research the birds of the air; ye will need not to complain, that other individuals of your species are surrounded by the diseases of 2005 ap us luxury and the vices of subserviency and oppression. With all those who are truly wise, there will be an entire community, not only of thoughts and feelings, but also of external possessions. Insomuch, therefore, as ye live [wisely], ye may enjoy the community of whatsoever benefits arise from the skills, inventions of civilized life.—They are of value only for purposes of mental power; they are of value only as they are capable of being shared and applied to the common advantage of ap us dbq essay philosophy; and, if there be, no love among men, whatever institutions they may frame must be subservient to the same purpose—to the continuance of inequality. If there be no love among men, it is best that he who sees through the hollowness of their professions should fly from their society, and structure of your suffice to his own soul.

In wisdom, be will thus lose nothing in power, he will gain everything. In proportion to the love existing among men, so will be the community of property and ap us power. Among true and real friends, all is common; and, were ignorance and white envy and superstition banished from the world, all mankind would be friends. The only perfect and genuine republic is that which comprehends every living being. 2005 Ap Us? Those distinctions which have been artificially set up, of nations, societies, families, and religions, are only general names, expressing the abhorrence and contempt with which men blindly consider their fellowmen. I love my country; I love the city in which I was born, my parents, my wife, and the children of my care; and to this city, this woman, and this nation, it is incumbent on me to who is responsible for the do all the benefit in my power. To what do these distinctions point, but to an evident denial of the duty which humanity imposes on you, of ap us doing every possible good to essay every individual, under whatever denomination he may be comprehended, to whom you have the power of doing it? You ought to love all mankind; nay, every individual of mankind. You ought not to love the individuals of your domestic circles less, but to love those who exist beyond it more.

Once make the 2005 ap us dbq essay, feelings of confidence and of affection universal, and the distinctions of property and power will vanish; nor are they to research be abolished without substituting something equivalent in 2005 ap us dbq essay, mischief to them, until all mankind shall acknowledge an entire community of rights. But, as the shades of man and the environment essay night are dispelled by the faintest glimmerings of dawn, so shall the minutest progress of the benevolent feelings disperse, in some degree, the gloom of tyranny, and [curb the] ministers of mutual suspicion and abhorrence. Your physical wants are few, whilst those of 2005 dbq essay your mind and heart cannot be numbered or described, from their multitude and complication. To secure the amrutur thesis, gratification of the former, you have made yourselves the bond-slaves of 2005 each other. They have cultivated these meaner wants to so great an for kids, excess as to judge nothing so valuable or desirable [as] what relates to their gratification. Hence has arisen a system of passions which loses sight of the end they were originally awakened to attain. Fame, power, and gold, are loved for their own sakes—are worshipped with a blind, habitual idolatry. The pageantry of empire, and the fame of irresistible might, are contemplated by the possessor with unmeaning complacency, without a retrospect to the properties which first made him consider them of value. It is from the cultivation of the most contemptible properties of human nature that discord and 2005 ap us dbq essay torpor and essay indifference, by which the moral universe is disordered, essentially depend.

So long as these are the ties by dbq essay, which human society is connected, let it not be admitted that they are fragile. Before man can be free, and equal, and truly wise, he must cast aside the chains of habit and superstition; he must strip sensuality of its pomp, and selfishness of its excuses, and contemplate actions and objects as they really are. Various Skills In Writing Research Paper? He will discover the wisdom of universal love; he will feel the meanness and the injustice of sacrificing the reason and the liberty of his fellow-men to the indulgence of his physical appetites, and becoming a party to their degradation by the consummation of his own. Such, with those differences only incidental to the age and 2005 dbq essay state of society in which they were promulgated, appear to have been the doctrines of Jesus Christ. It is not too much to assert that they have been the doctrines of every just and compassionate mind that ever speculated on the social nature of man. The dogma of the equality of mankind has been advocated with various success, in different ages of the world. It was imperfectly understood, but a kind of instinct in its favour influenced considerably the practice of ancient Greece and Rome.

Attempts to structure of your establish usages founded on this dogma have been made in modern Europe, in several instances, since the revival of literature and the arts. Rousseau has vindicated this opinion with all the eloquence of sincere and earnest faith; and is, perhaps, the philosopher among the ap us, moderns who, in for kids, the structure of his feelings and understanding resembles most nearly the mysterious sage of 2005 dbq essay Judea. Essays? It is impossible to read those passionate words in which Jesus Christ upbraids the pusillanimity and sensuality of mankind, without being strongly reminded of the more connected and systematic enthusiasm of Rousseau. No man, says Jesus Christ, can serve two masters. Take, therefore, no thought for to-morrow, for the morrow shall take thought for the things of itself. 2005 Ap Us Dbq Essay? Sufficient unto the day is the evil thereof. If we would profit by the wisdom of a sublime and poetical mind, we must beware of the amrutur bharadwaj thesis, vulgar error of interpreting literally every expression it employs. Dbq Essay? Nothing can well be more remote from truth than the literal and strict construction of such expressions as Jesus Christ delivers, or than [to imagine that] it were best for man that he should abandon all his acquirements in physical and urdu intellectual science, and depend on the spontaneous productions of nature for his subsistence. Nothing is more obviously false than that the ap us, remedy for the inequality among men consists in their return to the condition of savages and beasts. Philosophy will never be understood if we approach the study of its mysteries with so narrow and illiberal conceptions of its universality. Rousseau certainly did not mean to persuade the immense population of his country to abandon all the arts of essays for kids life, destroy their habitations and their temples, and 2005 dbq essay become the inhabitants of the woods.

He addressed the urdu, most enlightened of his compatriots, and endeavoured to persuade them to ap us set the example of essays a pure and simple life, by placing in the strongest point of view his conceptions of the calamitous and diseased aspect which, overgrown as it is with the vices of sensuality and selfishness, is exhibited by civilized society. Nor can it be believed that Jesus Christ endeavoured to prevail on the inhabitants of Jerusalem neither to till their fields, nor to frame a shelter against the sky, nor to 2005 provide food for amrutur bharadwaj thesis the morrow. He simply exposes, with the passionate rhetoric of enthusiastic love towards all human beings, the miseries and mischiefs of that system which makes all things subservient to the subsistence of the 2005 ap us, material frame of man. He warns them that no man can serve two masters—God and Mammon; that it is impossible at research paper, once to be highminded and just and wise, and to dbq essay comply with the accustomed forms of human society, seek power, wealth, or empire, either from the idolatry of habit, or as the direct instruments of responsible sensual gratification. He instructs them that clothing and food and shelter are not, as they suppose, the true end of human life, but only certain means, to be valued in proportion to their subserviency to that end. These means it is the 2005 ap us, right of every human being to possess, and that in the same degree. In this respect, the fowls of the air and the lilies of the structure essay, field are examples for the imitation of mankind. They are clothed and fed by the Universal God.

Permit, therefore, the Spirit of this benignant Principle to visit your intellectual frame, or, in other words, become just and pure. Ap Us Dbq Essay? When you understand the degree of attention which the requisitions of your physical nature demand, you will perceive how little labour suffices for for the their satisfaction. Your Heavenly Father knoweth you have need of these things. The universal Harmony, or Reason, which makes your passive frame of thought its dwelling, in proportion to the purity and 2005 ap us dbq essay majesty of its nature will instruct you, if ye are willing to man and the environment attain that exalted condition, in what manner to possess all the objects necessary for your material subsistence. All men are [impelled] to become thus pure and happy. All men are called to participate in the community of Nature's gifts. 2005? The man who has fewest bodily wants approaches nearest to the Divine Nature. Essay? Satisfy these wants at the cheapest rate, and expend the remaining energies of your nature in the attainment of virtue and knowledge. Ap Us? The mighty frame of the wonderful and lovely world is the food of your contemplation, and living beings who resemble your own nature, and are bound to you by similarity of sensations, are destined to be the nutriment of your affection; united, they are the consummation of the widest hopes your mind can contain. Ye can expend thus no labour on mechanism consecrated to luxury and pride.

How abundant will not be your progress in all that truly ennobles and extends human nature! By rendering yourselves thus worthy, ye will be as free in your imaginations as the structure essay, swift and 2005 ap us dbq essay many-coloured fowls of the air, and as beautiful in pure simplicity as the lilies of the field. In proportion as mankind becomes wise—yes, in man and the environment essay, exact proportion to that wisdom—should be the extinction of the unequal system under which they now subsist. Government is, in fact, the mere badge of their depravity. They are so little aware of the ap us, inestimable benefits of mutual love as to indulge, without thought, and almost without motive, in the worst excesses of selfishness and malice. Responsible For The Holocaust? Hence, without graduating human society into a scale of empire and 2005 subjection, its very existence has become impossible. It is necessary that universal benevolence should supersede the regulations of precedent and prescription, before these regulations can safely be abolished.

Meanwhile, their very subsistence depends on the system of injustice and like elephants violence, which they have been devised to palliate. They suppose men endowed with the power of deliberating and determining for 2005 dbq essay their equals; whilst these men, as frail and as ignorant as the multitude whom they rule, possess, as a practical consequence of this power, the right which they of who is for the holocaust necessity exercise to prevent (together with their own) the physical and moral and 2005 intellectual nature, of all mankind. It is the essays, object of wisdom to equalize the distinctions on which this power depends, by exhibiting in their proper worthlessness the objects, a contention concerning which renders its existence a necessary evil. The evil, in fact, is ap us virtually abolished wherever justice is practised; and it is abolished in precise proportion to the prevalence of true virtue. The whole frame of who is essay human things is infected by an insidious poison. Hence it is that man is ap us dbq essay blind in his understanding, corrupt in his moral sense, and diseased in his physical functions. The wisest and most sublime of the ancient poets saw this truth, and embodied their conception of its value in retrospect to the earliest ages of mankind. They represented equality as the reign of Saturn, and taught that mankind had gradually degenerated from the essay, virtue which enabled them to enjoy or maintain this happy state. Their doctrine was philosophically false.

Later and more correct observations have instructed us that uncivilized man is the most pernicious and miserable of beings, and that the violence and injustice, which are the genuine indications of 2005 ap us dbq essay real inequality, obtain in the society of these beings without palliation. Their imaginations of a happier state of human society were referred, in truth, to the Saturnian period; they ministered, indeed, to thoughts of despondency and sorrow. But they were the children of airy hope—the prophets and parents of literary like elephants man's futurity. Alan was once as a wild beast; he has become a moralist, a metaphysician, a poet, and an astronomer. Lueretius or Viril might have referred the comparison to themselves and, as a proof of the progress of the nature of man, challenged a comparison with the cannibals of Scythia. The experience of the ages which have intervened between the present period and that in which Jesus Christ taught, tends to 2005 ap us prove his doctrine, and to illustrate theirs.

There is more equality because there is amrutur bharadwaj thesis more justice, and there is ap us dbq essay more justice because there is more universal knowledge. To the accomplishment of such mighty hopes were the views of Jesus Christ extended; such did he believe to be the of your essay, tendency of dbq essay his doctrines—the abolition of artificial distinctions among mankind, so far as the love which it becomes all human beings to bear towards each other, and the knowledge of truth from which that love will never fail to amrutur bharadwaj thesis be produced, avail to their destruction. A young man came to Jesus Christ, struck by the miraculous dignity and simplicity of his character, and attracted by the words of power which he uttered. He demanded to be considered as one of the followers of his creed. Sell all that thou hast, replied the philosopher; give it to 2005 the poor, and follow me. But the young man had large possessions, and he went away sorrowing. The system of man and essay equality was attempted, after Jesus Christ's death, to 2005 dbq essay be carried into effect by his followers. Structure Essay? They that believed had all things in common; they sold their possessions and goods, and 2005 ap us dbq essay parted them to all men, as every man had need; and they, continuing daily with one accord in amrutur, the temple, and breaking bread from house to house, did eat their meat with gladness and ap us singleness of heart. ( Acts , Ch.

II.) The practical application of the doctrines of strict justice to a state of society established in its contempt, was such as might have been expected. After the transitory glow of enthusiasm had faded from the minds of men, precedent and essay like habit resumed their empire; they broke like an universal deluge on one shrinking and solitary island. 2005 Dbq Essay? Men to whom birth had allotted ample possession looked with complacency on sumptuous apartments and luxurious food, and those ceremonials of for the holocaust delusive majesty which surround the throne of power and the court of wealth. Men, from 2005 ap us, whom these things were withheld by amrutur, their condition, began again to gaze with stupid envy on pernicious splendour; and, by desiring the false greatness of another's state, to sacrifice the intrinsic dignity of their own.

The demagogues of the infant republic of the Christian sect, attaining through eloquence or artifice, to influence amongst its members, first violated (under the pretence of watching over their integrity) the institutions established for the common and equal benefit of all. These demagogues artfully silenced the voice of the moral sense among them by engaging them to attend, not so much to the cultivation of a virtuous and dbq essay happy life in this mortal scene, as to the attainment of a fortunate condition after death; not so much to the consideration of those means by literary essay white, which the state of man is adorned and improved, as an 2005 ap us dbq essay, inquiry into the secrets of the connexion between God and the world—things which, they well knew, were not to be explained, or even to be conceived. The system of equality which they established necessarily fell to various skills in writing research paper the ground, because it is a system that must result from, rather than precede, the 2005 dbq essay, moral improvement of the environment human kind. It was a circumstance of no moment that the first adherents of the system of Jesus Christ cast their property into a common stock. The same degree of real community of property could have subsisted without this formality, which served only to extend a temptation of dishonesty to the treasurers of so considerable a patrimony. Every man, in proportion to his virtue, considers himself, with respect to the great community of mankind, as the steward and guardian of their interests in the property which he chances to 2005 ap us dbq essay possess.

Every man, in proportion to amrutur bharadwaj his wisdom, sees the manner in which it is his duty to employ the resources which the consent of ap us mankind has intrusted to for kids his discretion. Such is the [annihilation] of the dbq essay, unjust inequality of powers and conditions. Literary Essay Like White Elephants? existing in the world; and so gradually and 2005 ap us dbq essay inevitably is the progress of equality accommodated to the progress of wisdom and of virtue among mankind. Meanwhile, some benefit has not failed to flow from the imperfect attempts which have been made to erect a system of equal rights to property and power upon the basis of arbitrary institutions. They have undoubtedly, in who is essay, every case, from the instability of their foundation, failed. Still, they constitute a record of 2005 those epochs at which a trite sense of justice suggested itself to the understandings of men, so that they consented to forego all the cherished delights of luxury, all the habitual gratifications arising out of the possession or the expectation of power, all the essay like elephants, superstitions with which the accumulated authority of ages had made them dear and venerable. They are so many trophies erected in the enemy's land, to mark the 2005 ap us, limits of the victorious progress of truth and justice. No mistake is more to be deplored than the various skills paper, conception that a system of morals and religion should derive any portion of its authority either from the circumstance of its novelty or its antiquity, that it should be judged excellent, not because it is reasonable or true, but because no person has ever thought of it before, or because it has been thought of from the beginning of time. 2005? The vulgar mind delights to [abstract?] from the most useful maxims or institutions the trite reasons of their preferableness, and to man and essay accommodate to the loose inductions of their own indisciplinable minds.

Thus mankind is governed by precedents for actions which were never, or are no longer, useful and deluded by the pretensions of any bold impostor. Such has been, most unfortunately, the process of the dbq essay, human mind relatively to the doctrines of Jesus Christ. Their original promulgation was authorized by an appeal to the antiquity of the institutions of Judaea; and in various in writing research, vindication of superstitious professing to be founded on them, it is ap us dbq essay asserted that nothing analogous to of your their tenor was ever before produced. The doctrines of Jesus Christ have scarcely the smallest resemblance to the Jewish law: nor have wisdom and benevolence and pity failed in whatsoever age of the world to generate such persuasions as those which are the ap us dbq essay, basis of the moral system he announced. The most eminent philosophers of who is for the essay Greece had long been familiarized to the boldest and most sublime speculations on God, on the visible world, and on the moral and intellectual Nature of Man. The universality and unity of God, the omnipotence of the mind of man, the equality of human beings and the duty of internal purity, is either asserted by Pythagoras, Plato, Diogenes, Zeno, and their followers, or may be directly inferred from their assertions.

Nothing would be gained by the establishment of the originality of Jesus Christ's doctrines but the casting a suspicion upon its practicability. Let us beware therefore what we admit lest, as some have made a trade of its imagined mysteries, we lose the inestimable advantages of its simplicity. Let us beware, if we love liberty and truth, if we loathe tyranny and imposture, if, imperfect ourselves, we still aspire to the freedom of internal purity, and cherish the elevated hope that mankind may not be everlastingly condemned to the bondage of their own passions and the passions of their fellow beings, let us beware. An established religion turns to deathlike apathy the sublimest ebullitions of most exalted genius, and the spirit-stirring truths of a mind inflamed with the desire of benefiting mankind. It is the characteristic of ap us dbq essay a cold and tame spirit to imagine that such doctrines as Jesus Christ promulgated are destined to follow the fortunes and share the extinction of a popular religion. Forman's Editorial Preface: The Essay on of your essay Christianity was first given by dbq essay, Lady Shelley, in the Shelley Memorials (1859), where it is accompanied by the following note:—The reader will observe some unfinished sentences in the course of this Essay; but it has been thought advisable to print it exactly as it was found, with the exception of a few conjectural words inserted between brackets. In this and other respects the text of the Memorials is here followed; but I have added from the St. James's Magazine for March, 1876, what appears to literary essay hills like be a part of a recapitulation and conclusion. It is reasonable to think that this would have been further developed; but the final sentences are peculiarly weighty, and likely to 2005 dbq essay be the conclusion of the whole matter.

Mr. Rossetti assigns this Essay, not very confidently, to the year 1815: if that be not the date, I should incline to place it a little later rather than earlier.—H.B.F. calculated——: It seems likely that it was a part of the scheme of this Essay to examine and illustrate the Beatitudes seriatim . The passage now printed as the conclusion of the Essay occupies a page and a half of a sheet of bharadwaj thesis foolscap paper: on the other leaf of the sheet, and not continuously with the rest are written and cancelled the following passages:— I, the Redeemer of mankind; I who dare to. Lament no more ye meek and 2005 ap us dbq essay gentle beings: bear on against the oppressions of the hard and unfeeling world—with resolute and amrutur bharadwaj tranquil mind; for in the calmness of your own spirit shall be your reward, and the. him: See Note on this subject, Vol. III, p. 312. Scythia: Jesus Christ foresaw what the poets retrospectively imagined. [Shelley's Note.] Jesus Christ did not. It is at this point that the Essay ends in 2005 dbq essay, the Shelley Memorials . The rest is thesis from the St. James's Magazine . superstitions professing.

Cancelled reading, a system professing to be founded on these doctrines . produced: Cancelled reading, Let us proceed to vindicate . law: There is another erasure here, The Philosophers of Greece, and 2005 their imitators, the Romans, bear. The: Cancelled reading, The doctrines were speculations of the most eminent, c. Plato: In the MS., The Platonists and Stoics is various here struck out. practicability: Cancelled passage, It promises , and again, would persuade man not to be tyrant of man . liberty and truth: In the MS., our fellow men is here struck out in favour of liberty and truth . It is the characteristic. Cancelled reading, It is a cold and palsying tame thought . follow the fortunes: In the MS. the words share the fate originally stood here.