Apa standards for writing an essay

APA Essay Format: Help with Writing Your Essay Paper. An APA , American Psychological Association, style is a standard of writing academic papers in an essay a variety of subjects relevant to the social sciences. Informative? This allows to apa standards for writing an essay write essays and research papers according to the same generally accepted standard in Sociology, Psychology, Education, Political Science, Business and other disciplines. APA Style is notable for certain requirements related to 2014 paper format, font, margins and headings, as well as referencing. We designed this page to guide you through all the peculiarities of formatting a paper in APA style . For Writing? Learning about APA style will be a very rewarding experience for 2014 no essay, you, as you will be able to reply it in all of an essay your next writing assignments. Quick Navigation through the APA Essay Format Page: The Fundamentals of an APA Essay Format. What comprises the APA style ? Does it provide requirements only to referencing the sources or to whole essay?

In their published guide book, the American Psychological Association, provides APA standards on the following issues: Title page. Unlike MLA style which doesn#8217;t require a title page, it is a must in APA essay format . Songkran? It usually contains such standard elements as the title of the paper, the student#8217;s name, teachers or course name, and the due date. The APA title page can be easily distinguished by the running header, the page number on the title page and two titles (a short one is followed by the full title). Apa Standards? Abstract . Abstract is a single paragraph usually a half page long, and is written on a separate sheet. An abstract summarizing the entire paper has the thesis length, same copyrights as the whole paper. It should provide the main ideas/results of the paper and mention the methodology used to achieve them. Page format . Page format recommendations in APA style concern page numbers, margins, indentation and spacing. In-text references . The format of references in APA format is the foremost subject of student#8217;s concerns.

You may pick up citations, quotations and summaries from various sources to support your statements. When you use the idea or results that are not yours, they are to be referenced correctly. APA style approves of an essay in-text references. The author and the year of publication should be included within the parenthesis in the essay. Page numbers also need to be mentioned when picking up lines from a book.

Use of quotations . APA style recommends to put short quotations in quotation marks. If the quotations used exceed the word limit of 40 words, then the writer should indent 5 spaces from the margin and it should be double spaced. Also, in case of a long quotation, quotation marks should not be used, instead it should be ended with a full stop. Headings . Though it may be not required for an essay, but if you will write a research paper or thesis in APA format you#8217;ll need to for time management structure it. Headings are used to separate and classify paper sections. Thus use different heading styles for headings of sections and subsequent subsections. Reference list . Reference list is a must when you use in-text references, for you need to present the full information about the sources used.The reference list includes all sources used in the essay writing and apa standards for writing an essay cited in the paper, and it is arranged according to the alphabetical order by author. It is scholarships, also of apa standards for writing an essay great importance to know how exactly different sources are cited as books, journals, magazines, and web pages are cited in a different way with certain requirements to each type of a source. Essays Management? You may consider how the basic APA requirements are met in APA Essay sample . APA Essay Template (Cick the Image to Enlarge) When using APA style there are a few standards to keep in for writing an essay mind: double spaced; have all the margins set to one inch; it’s recommended to use the font serif typeface for the text and sans serif typeface for any labels; use 10-12 for the font size; always have page numbers; a header with the title of the paper should also be used.

So, you may either format your essay in APA format yourself or download APA Template in rtf file from dissertion definition, P rof E ssays.com . Our expert writers will format your paper for free when you place an order on our website. Apa Standards? Your essay will come to you in the APA format with a free bibliography and proper in-text citations. Other free extras that are included are a free outline, free plagiarism report and free title page. Try our services and get 15 percent off your first order! Just put the code FPE15OFF in the order form to get the discount, and essays request the free add-ons that you need. We know the feeling, it#8217;s like a 300 lb weight on your shoulders. Apa Standards For Writing? The paper#8217;s due date is fast approaching, you think about the work all the time but haven#8217;t started yet and essays you spend hours staring at for writing an essay a blank piece of paper waiting for inspiration to strike while your friends are all out having fun. Well, that can all change in an instant. P rof E ssays.com is ishmael, a reliable academic writing service service providing professional essay help. Our qualified experts genuinely understand how to write an A+ essay in APA Format. Use our interactive calculator to see how much it will cost you to gain your freedom back.

Within 10 minutes, you can be out apa standards an essay, having the time of your life while we write an A+ paper for definition, you and apa standards an essay deliver it to your inbox always on time! Learn More. Essays? Why choosing us to help? P rof E ssays.com has been providing custom writing services to students for for writing an essay, the past eight years. Thousands of ishmael reed essays students have benefited from our services, achieving excellence in their courses and education. The evident testimony to the excellence of our services and apa standards the trust our customers have in us is that 65% of thesis length our customers come back with repeat orders. Your privacy is important to P rof E ssays.com , none of your personal information or details, such as credit card or banking details, will ever be compromised or disclosed to any third party. You are always on apa standards for writing the save side with P rof E ssays.com ! Click here to place your order.

References are obligatory in a body of the essay if you use some external sources, and especially when you cite them in dissertion definition the APA essay . Apa Standards An Essay? In-text references are used instead of footnotes in APA format. The sources are indicated by the last name of an author, a year of publication and a page number (if possible). In-text references are put in parenthesis (round brackets) within the sentence. Thus the standard in-text reference in APA style will have the essays, following format (Author, year) or (Author, year, page) . But there may be variations: 1. If you are referring to apa standards an idea from another work, summarize it findings, or tell about the authors viewpoint you are referring to the whole book and should use (Author, year) format.

Example : T. E. Reed Essays? Lawrence, a British intelligence officer, became regarded as the man who was in apa standards an essay charge of the Arab revolt (Thomas, 1924). 2. If you are quoting the ishmael, source or bring in for writing an essay figures provided in it, you need to include the thesis length, page number in an essay your in-text reference. Like: (Author, year, page). Songkran Informative Essay? Example : Lawrence was compared to #8220;a caliph who had stepped out from the pages of #8216;The Arabian nights'#8221; (Thomas, 1924, 16) 3. If the author or the for writing, year of publication is already mentioned in thesis length the sentence there is no need to repeat this information in the in-text citation again. Examples: With Lawrence in Arabia was published in apa standards for writing 1924 (Thomas). Lawrence of Arabia became famous due to the book of Lowell Thomas (1924).

4. Multiple authors reference . Reed? If the source is written by multiple authors, then you should state last names of all of for writing them, at least in reed essays the first reference within the for writing, essay. Later in the essay, one can use the name of the first author with et al for others. Example: (Morris, Raskin, 1993) first in-text reference. (Morris et al., 1993) subsequent in-text reference. 5. In case of no author . Thesis Length? In some cases the author may be an organization or department, so the stating of their name will complete the APA essay format . Or else the mention of the book will also fulfill the need. Apa Standards For Writing An Essay? Titles of books in the in-text references should be italicized, titles of articles, chapters, and web pages are in quotation marks. Organization: (ProfEssays.com, 2009) Book: (The correspondence, 1914) The reference list includes all sources used in the course of the essay and cited in the paper.

The references should always be organized in alphabetical order . This gives an organized look to the essay. It is also important to know exactly how different sources, such as books, journals, magazines, and web pages should be shown in the reference list. As certain requirements differ for definition, each type of source: Book : Author, A. (Year of publication). For Writing? Title of work: SUBTITLE. Location: Publisher. Note: if you have several books by the same author in the reference list, you should list them in chronological order. Songkran Informative Essay? Article : Author, A. For Writing An Essay? (Year).

Title of article. Title of Periodical, volume number (issue number), pages. on-line source : Author, A. A. (Year, Month Date if availiable). Title of article. Name of the web-site. Retrieved from dissertion, http://www.url/ on apa standards for writing Year, Month Date. Readers and writers alike can find headings as a useful tool in writing. Aside from providing order, essay headings can function as an ID – in the sense that it can provide identification on the ideas that are presented below. Headings function as a guide for your readers, as it will clue them in on thesis length your thought flow. The APA style allows five levels of headings when writing. Level one is the first category, while the subsequent levels are provisions for succeeding sub-categories. In the APA essay format it is of the apa standards for writing, utmost importance to use the titles and headings appropriately.

APA makes recommendations on the APA essay headings format, where information on font, punctuation and position are provided, all of reed which can be viewed at ProfEssays.com : heading level 1: Centered, Boldface, Each Word with a Capital Letter. heading level 2: Left-adjusted, Boldface, Each Word with a Capital Letter. heading level 5: Indented, italicized, with a period . Note : in APA format headings #8220; Introduction #8221; and #8220; Conclusion #8221; are not required! Only the parts of the main body should have headings! Title page should be numbered in APA format. A “running header” should be placed in the right corner at apa standards for writing an essay the top of the page next to the page number. A “running header” in APA style contains a short title of the essay. The essay title should be placed one-third of the page down from the top. APA styles requires to reed essays write a short title first, put a colon and write the full title underneath. Author#8217;s name is usually several lines underneath. The name of the course, the name of professor, and the date of submission are printed at the bottom of the APA title page. APA regulations on for writing an essay abbreviations, tables and figures. You may not need it in your APA essay , but there are APA regulations on abbreviations, tables and figures.

Abbreviations can be used later in the essay after the full form is mention in the first time. Scholarships For College No Essay? This saves space, but makes a mention of the apa standards for writing, author, book or organization each time it is used. In APA papers both tables and figures should be presented on essays for time management separate pages, with the caption at the bottom of the page. What to remember with the APA essay writing format. The main thrust of documenting guidelines is to avoid plagiarism. To do so, several citing outlines have been created by many academics or groups – one of which is the apa standards, American Psychological Association or the APA. As with other documenting guidelines, the APA generally recommends in-text citations. These types are enclosed in thesis in management a parenthesis and placed immediately after the borrowed thought or idea. When beginning with the APA essay writing format , P rof E ssays.com suggests that the student should always remember to take note of the for writing an essay, reference material’s author(s), publication house, publication year and the page number where the idea was taken from.

APA essay format may sound tricky and for college students 2014 troublesome to some, but is actually an easy way to an essay organize a written work. The APA Essay Format is entirely designed to structure the proposal in management, flow of for writing thoughts throughout the essay. It is Songkran Informative, said that the citing is complicated, but only has a few rules and guidelines that need to be followed. Apa Standards For Writing? The format can be adapted depending on the nature and thesis length the topic of a custom essay. It particularly helps in cases where many writers are involved in the writing process at the same time, giving symmetry and a logical presentation without a miss to the readers. When writing an essay, citing your reference(s) is considered a critical part of the writing process.

This fundamental element of writing helps students avoid plagiarism. In an academe, plagiarism is a very serious offense that can sometimes lead to expulsion. Apa Standards For Writing? The American Psychological Association or the APA style is the formatting guide that is used when writing a paper on the Social Sciences. As with all documenting styles, the Songkran Informative essay, APA has recommendations on apa standards for writing essay format, headings and thesis length citing references. Information on formatting your APA essay now easier because there are a number of on-line sites, such as P rof E ssays.com , which can provide you with key points in documentation. Anyone and any company can claim to offer its essay help, but not every company can offer high-quality and result-oriented essay help. The appropriate APA format for your manuscript. Many professors recommend strict compliance with manuscript formatting guidelines when writing any type of academic paper. Following the format not only ensures organization for each essay written by an individual student, but it also provides uniformity in appearance for apa standards an essay, all students’ academic papers. In writing a paper regarding the social sciences, APA makes several recommendations and guidelines on the format of essays . Reed? Though these elements may seem trivialon the use of the title page, the format of headings, page numbers, margins, indentation and spacing.

Though these elements may seem trivial, P rof E ssays.com believes that compliance remains a must. Apa Standards? College essay format: writing effectively in the collegiate level. What differentiates a college essay from reed, a high school or a junior high school essay is the apa standards, level of professionalism it exudes. As more complex topics are discussed, the need for definition, further research becomes a necessity. Another important factor to consider is the format of the essay. APA college essay format requires thorough referencing and citing as well as structuring of the essay . While college academic papers follow the basic essay format of introduction, body and conclusion, it is important to remember that the APA college essay format must be more encompassing and more extensive.

The APA college essay format differs from simple APA style so we provide specific essay help in this type of writing. P rof E ssays.com believes that many academes actually require a five paragraph essay on apa standards an essay the college level, where the body consumes 60% of the whole essay. P rof E ssays.com is definition, professional and apa standards an essay reliable essay writing service which provides 24/7 customer essay help. Write Effectively With the Right Essay Format. A standard essay format provides order to any academic paper.

Though this is Songkran Informative, merely a superficial element of an essay essay writing, its importance is undeniable, as many established documenting styles provide recommendations for dissertion definition, the format of any academic paper. The American Psychological Association, APA, also has suggestions for your APA college essay format .

Want to Install Elementary OS? 7 Reasons Why You Should! How to an essay Create Professional Reports and dissertion Documents in Microsoft Word. If Microsoft Office had been a country, it would have been the third most populous country in the world. 1.2 billion people using a single suite of apps is mind-boggling.

And, they “speak” 107 languages! But right now, you and I are speaking in English and we are going to talk about the most popular tool in apa standards for writing, the Microsoft Office arsenal Microsoft Word 2016 . This document editor is used for thesis proposal in management, writing a variety of documents. From a simple application to the necessary resume. From a plain bucket list to an office memo. We think we can work with Word. But it is when we sit down to write a serious professional report, we discover an important fact. Professional report writing needs a different set of skills. So, ask yourself this can you make the leap from a single document to a lengthy report? Do you know all the Microsoft Word features 9 Tips to apa standards for writing Learn All About Office 2016 9 Tips to Learn All About Office 2016 Microsoft Office 2016 is among us. How are you mastering the latest version for the sake of your productivity?

We tip you off to dissertion definition the best links for Office learning. Steal a march with these. Read More that will help manage this large scale document project? Can you collaborate on the work with other team members? You may be a student, a small business owner, or an office workeryou will need to create a report or a professionally formatted document of some kind. This MakeUseOf guide will help you update your techniques and sharpen your design approach. Report writing involves research and then publishing the outcome of that analysis. An Essay? In the professional world, the “look” or appearance of scholarships for college students what you publish is paramount. The eye-pleasing final result could burnish your reputation and enhance your personal brand. The steps below will handhold you through the apa standards for writing expert features in Microsoft Word 2016.

Spend a lot of time on a plan. Start with these guidelines Before you begin the report, you must first know why you are writing it in the first place. Reports are of many kinds but they are either meant to inform or persuade. It can be meant for describing a technical process, sharing background information, or demonstrate progress on a project. Ask yourself What and Why . This will help you distill the Informative essay purpose to the one main point and stick to it instead of apa standards an essay rambling on with unnecessary details. The second important consideration is to evaluate your audience. Will they be able to definition understand what you are talking about? Are there different levels of for writing an essay readers who will read the report? The reader’s knowledge of the subject will greatly influence the scholarships 2014 information that you need to include.

Decide on the primary audience and then script the report at the adequate technical level. The secondary audience can be supported with supplemental information at the end of the report. You must know what you are talking about. So, research the topic, and include all the apa standards an essay relevant information to prove your point. Make sure that you come to a conclusion based on thesis in management facts and not personal opinion. The information must be correct, current, and well-referenced. Also use a variety of resources such as journals, newspaper articles, books, websites, brochures, raw data, annual reports, and speeches to help support your point. Just don’t stick to Wikipedia.

You have done the for writing research. There’s a ton of information that is scholarships students 2014 waiting to be typed and printed. But wait! Don’t drown before you enter the water. Apa Standards For Writing? Prepare the final outline of the report which will be the chart of waypoints to help you navigate from start to finish. The outline is the blueprint. It will give you a bird’s eye view of the land and also show you where you need to dissertion definition fill in the details. The structure of an idea report can include the following elements:

Title Page Executive Summary Table of apa standards an essay Contents Introduction The Body of the Report Conclusion Recommendations Appendix Bibliography and References. Microsoft Word’s Document Outline is a powerful feature that can help you organize a document even before you start filling it with research. Take advantage of brainstorming and mind-mapping templates 8 MS Word Templates That Help You Brainstorm Mind Map Your Ideas Quickly 8 MS Word Templates That Help You Brainstorm Mind Map Your Ideas Quickly Free Word templates are not just about beautiful documents, perfect resumes, and cover pages. They can be vital for brainstorming and mind maps too. Here are eight Word templates for your ideation needs. Read More too. Step 5: Write, Edit, Proofread, and Finish. Once you have structured your report, it is time to fill out the thesis proposal in management headers with content. I personally find it best to tackle a little bit of each section, and then bulk it up with information. You can do that if you want, or finish each section as you go down the report structure. Make sure you focus on presenting your ideas and using supportive evidence rather than spelling and grammar first.

Outline your argument and write a few sentences that cast your main ideas. If you find something worth quoting, quote it. Once the majority of your text is written, it is now time to read through it and make sure it flows well. Make sure you guide the reader’s understanding with transition words such as “This information shows”, “In other words”, “Similarly” and do highlight relevant and key points. Finally, spend time to proofread, check for grammar and spelling 8 Ways To Spell Grammar Check In Microsoft Word Using Different Dictionaries Languages 8 Ways To Spell Grammar Check In Microsoft Word Using Different Dictionaries Languages Microsoft Word's built-in spelling and grammar checking tools can be customized to meet your needs. You can even use AutoCorrect to speed up your typing. For Writing? Read More , and double-check all relevant information and proposal its logical flow. It is for writing best to leave at least one day to check and proofread your work.

Don’t try to edit it straight after you think you have finished, as you will tend to miss read what you have written. Songkran? Get some sleep, and proofread it the next day. Before you go and submit or hand in your report that you have worked so hard on, make sure you have done the apa standards an essay following: Completed the title page with the Title, Your Name, Date, Who the report is for, and a possible description of what the management report is about. The contents page has appropriate headings and pages numbers are correct. Apa Standards? Make sure the students 2014 no essay introduction covers key points, the scope of the apa standards report, and the objective it wants to meet. You have added captions above tables and below images/graphs. In Management? Does the content of the report present the information in apa standards for writing, a clear way, logical, factual, stay on topic, is to the point?

Does the conclusion state the for college results, restate main idea’s, and does not include any new information? Are the headings and sub headings clearly labeled? Are quotes relevant, up-to-date, and correctly referenced? Have you used page breaks where appropriate? Now, let’s launch Microsoft Word and take you through the features that will help piece together the draft of your report and present it as a professional document.

Useful Microsoft Word Features for for writing, Report Writing. Take these as bite-sized tips and master them one by one. Microsoft Word is dissertion a big howitzer with many nuts and apa standards for writing an essay bolts. Songkran Informative Essay? Let’s focus on for writing an essay the key skill sets and the tools you will need to plan, prepare, and present the thesis length professional report. The Microsoft Word features we will cover below are also productivity shortcuts that will make your job easier. Tip: Use Microsoft Word 2016’s “Tell Me” assistant to learn more about new features in the Office suite. Let’s start with three preliminary tools

For most of for writing us, when we need to copy text or an image into Word, the thesis proposal in management CTRL+V shortcut does just fine. But sometimes we might want to paste the copied data into another format, such as Excel data as an image. With the Paste Special command you can discard or specify the format when you paste a picture, presentation data, table, or object from any other program into Word. You will work a lot with Excel tables and charts in a professional document. If you just copy what you want and click paste, you will notice that it will insert the data as tables. But, if it is a large area of an essay cells you want to paste, and you do not want to edit it, you may want to for college students 2014 paste it as an image, with the apa standards for writing extra option to edit it.

In Microsoft Excel: Select and highlight the cells that you want to dissertion definition copy Press CTRL+C. In Microsoft Word: Go to Home Paste Paste Special . For Writing? Select Paste Special and from the dialog select Microsoft Office Excel Worksheet Object . You can resize the data as it was an image, and if you double click, you will be able to edit the values. You can change the thesis proposal table or chart and redesign it. And, if you update the data in for writing, the chart or table in Excel, you can automatically refresh the chart in Word. Try the right-click context menu too.

The Paste Special menu pops up: There are more options to import data from ishmael reed essays Excel into Word 8 Surprising Ways You Can Import Data into apa standards, Microsoft Word 8 Surprising Ways You Can Import Data into Microsoft Word Knowing how to import data into Microsoft Word from any source, including Excel, PDF files, or other Word documents, can save you a lot of time. Thesis Length? We'll show you all the tricks. Read More . The Microsoft Office Support page also describes them in detail. Yes, there is Google and Wikipedia. But constantly switching from Word to your browser can hamper your productivity. Office 2016 brings in powerful research integration to this grunt work. The Researcher can not only apa standards, help you find content from within Microsoft Word but also help you quickly add citations.

It uses the Bing Knowledge Graph to find the essays for time right content to support your document. Go to Ribbon References tab and apa standards an essay c Choose Researcher . A pane will open on the right with the search options. Type a keyword for the topic want to search for and press Enter. The Results pane shows a list of sources you can use in your document. Choose a topic to scholarships for college explore in detail. Add the topic to your Microsoft Word document with a click on the plus sign on the top-right. You can also click the plus sign on any result to cite the apa standards for writing source in definition, your research document. The cite source helps you support your research with web sources and books. As we will see later, an annotated bibliography is one of the toughest parts of a document. Apa Standards For Writing An Essay? The Researcher is an intelligent assistant who steps in. Freeze Part of Songkran Your Word Document.

Let’s take for granted that your professional report will be a long and apa standards for writing complex work. Proposal In Management? You can split the Word window into two panes so that you can view two different parts of a document at the same time. It is a valuable time saver when you want to copy and paste parts from one place to another or refer to an essay one part of the document while working in scholarships for college students no essay, another. To remove the split, click on Remove Split in the same tab. The Windows group gives you several options to change the for writing way you work with two or more documents. Songkran Informative Essay? The features are self-explanatory. To scroll both documents at the same time, click Synchronous Scrolling in the Window group on the View tab. You can also click on View Side by Side to put two parts of the document next to each other. Tip: Use Split View to display two different layouts for instance, Print and Outline.

Set the for writing an essay split. Then, click in the pane that you want to change, and then select a different layout on the View tab. The presentation of a report is what gets someone to Informative essay read a report in the first place, and that is why it is crucial that your report is well presented. If you had the choice of four reports to read, what will you choose? A hand written report. A document printed in black and white.

A report printed on apa standards for writing an essay normal A4 paper in color. A report printed in color, with a catchy title page, neatly bounded, and slick? You will pick up the fourth report because it will pull you towards it by the visual appearance alone. The front cover is not the only reason. A well-designed report is Informative essay easier to read. It is also easier to scan when you don’t have time to read. That is why you need to spend some time on your headers and apa standards for writing footers, and for time management the different styles and themes. In short the apa standards for writing an essay formatting of every element in the report. Formatting may seem like a difficult chore, but it is a fun exercise that will exercise all your creative muscles. The key takeaways will be the skills you can apply to anything in Microsoft Office going forward. For Time Management? And the time you will save with all the productivity tips learned here.

Microsoft Word 2016 has a wealthy set of features. These are only some of the ways that your report design can stand out from the for writing rest and be professional. So, let’s break down the layout and design skills. This section will cover these features step-by-step: Start with a Cover Page Make a Table of Contents Create Your Header and definition Footer Add Page Numbers. Pick the apa standards Right Fonts Style the Paragraphs Control Page Breaks Use Styles and Themes Captions Use Quick Parts Decorate with Page Borders. The first page is the first point of contact with your reader. For College Students No Essay? It is also your opportunity to make a favorable impression. Don’t let your lack of artistic skills be an excuse because Word takes up the job with its in-built gallery of title pages.

All you have to do is marry one to the theme of the apa standards an essay report. Microsoft Word 2016 offers you 16 pre-formatted templates and three more on Office.com. Go to Insert Pages Group Cover Page . The cover page appears at the beginning of the for time document by default. As there are only 16 “official” templates on apa standards for writing an essay offer, you may find that all your other peers have the students 2014 no essay same cover page. So, why not customize it, and make it a bit more unique.

You can design a title page (or cover page) in Microsoft Word How to Easily Make an Attractive Cover Page in Microsoft Word How to Easily Make an Attractive Cover Page in Microsoft Word Do you believe in first impressions? The cover page is the first thing people will see of your word document. We show you how you can make that first impression a great one. Read More that can be an original in the stack. Save it as a template or easily change the design on the fly. Casual readers scan. Good readers scan first and then dive deep. A table of contents provides the waypoints that help both.

When it is apa standards a long and Informative complicated document, wouldn’t you rather check the lay of the apa standards land before you head to the section that interests you? Consider a Table of Contents (TOC) if your document is more than 10 pages long. In Microsoft Word, you don’t have to write the entire TOC by hand. There’s a Table of Contents automatic tool under the Songkran Informative References tab which takes your outline and designs it for you. Also, you can easily keep it updated when you want to apa standards an essay change something. There are also templates you can download and fit it around the nature of the content. For instance, a TOC for a thesis will look different from that of a company’s annual report. We have a complete tutorial on how to create a table of essays for time management contents page in Word How to Create a Table of Contents in Word Free Templates How to apa standards an essay Create a Table of Contents in Word Free Templates Table of essays management contents are a great way to apa standards an essay keep your documents organized and Songkran Informative improve navigation.

We show you how to create your own table of contents in four easy steps. Apa Standards An Essay? Free templates included. Thesis Length? Read More . Create the outline and use heading styles to organize the hierarchy. Apply the apa standards automatic TOC tool to for time management the heading styles. Word 2016 searches for those headings and apa standards for writing an essay then inserts the table of contents into your document. Then you can automatically update your TOC if you make changes in your document. For more hands-on control, you can also use the Manual Table of Contents style. Word inserts placeholder text and reed you have to insert and format each content in the list. Headers and Footers are important in reports as the main purpose is to provide information about the report on every page. They are the common display areas for page numbers.

The header of the document should contain the title of the report, and possibly the name of who created it. The title of the current section is helpful. The footer, on the other hand, should include the an essay page numbers, date of publication, and other administrative information that is required. Do note that some style guides have special guidelines for ishmael reed, headers and footers How to Add Chicago Style Footnotes in Microsoft Word How to apa standards for writing an essay Add Chicago Style Footnotes in Microsoft Word Footnotes can help you complement text with additional details. Adding footnotes in Microsoft and using styles like Turabian, MLA, APA, or Chicago, is very easy. We show you what you need to for time know about footnotes. Read More . Let’s start with the header in your document and give it a unique look.

Select Insert , then select either Header or Footer from the group. The built-in gallery shows you several options you can choose from. The header and footer space is inserted in your document with placeholder text or table. The Header Footer Tools opens on the Ribbon for other formatting work like the date, time, or picture. Enter your text and then select Close Header and Footer . You can start with a blank header and footer. For Writing An Essay? If you have the design skills, use the Header Footer Tools to design your own.

Master the proposal in management header and footer space if you want to create custom letterheads for apa standards for writing an essay, your organization. You can use brand elements like company or organization logos at the top and neatly formatted footnotes at the bottom. Let’s try with and modify one of the inbuilt headers. I selected Facet from the gallery. The final look took two minutes to put together with simple text effects and an icon sourced from the essays management Microsoft Office icon gallery. The header and footer are in apa standards, place. But, how do you know where you are in thesis length, the document? Insert page numbers as the next important signpost. Page numbers look best in an essay, the footer (unlike in dissertion, the header as in the image above). You can add a basic page number from the Insert Page Number button on the Ribbon. You can also add it from the apa standards for writing Design tab that appears when you add the Songkran essay header and the footer.

You have a lot of control over page numbers. Choose from a wide range of number formats and customize them to your needs. Apa Standards An Essay? In this case, we are adding the thesis number to the footer, but you can put them at apa standards for writing an essay the top or even at dissertion the margins. In this example, I have placed the page number at an essay the bottom left. But, I would like to change the default look and thesis length the format. For example: Using a “Page X of XXX” makes for apa standards, a better indicator on a long document. Select the definition page number. Go to Insert Quick Parts . From the drop-down menu, select Field . You can also reach the Field dialog from the for writing Header and Footer Design tab.

Choose NumPages from the long list of field names. From the box on the right, you can pick a specific format. Thesis Proposal? I selected the usual 1, 2, 3. Click OK , and apa standards an essay the number of the Songkran essay number of pages will appear. Now all you have to do is add your text such as Page X of XXX, and change the look of the numbers with the usual text formatting tools available from the Home tab. It now looks like this: Design the look on any page number in your document and Word updates all the remaining automatically. Page numbers are the most common elements in a footer, but it can also hold any other information like the header. From the options in the Insert group, you can add the date and time, document info, pictures, and more to your header or footer. Next, we’re heading into formatting the for writing content. The visual draw of your professional report comes together with the “beautification” you apply to dissertion definition the content. Formatting is also an essential step for a document that flows well.

So, you must focus a lot of for writing an essay energy on picking the right font, paragraph space, and the colors. Don’t worry. 2014 No Essay? Even, the artistically challenged will find this part easy because Microsoft Word comes packaged with default themes and visual styles. Let’s start with the for writing most basic element of a document. Your choice of definition font in a professional Word report How to Style Fonts in an essay, Microsoft Word to thesis proposal in management Make Your Text Stand Out How to apa standards Style Fonts in Songkran, Microsoft Word to Make Your Text Stand Out A well formatted text can grab your reader's attention and help them flow through your document. We show you how to apa standards add that final touch in Microsoft Word. Read More not only determines how the ishmael essays text stands out but also how it is printed. You want both for maximum impact.

You can apply a typeface (i.e. the visual look of the font) to either an entire document or to specific parts of a document. All font choices are available from the for writing an essay Home tab. Go to Home Font . The default font in Microsoft Word 2016 is Calibri. Look beyond that as you have lots of others to choose from. If you choose Times New Roman, you may be considered lazy, if you choose Windings, well I don’t think I need to explain that. So make sure you choose a font that is Songkran Informative easy to read and apa standards for writing an essay suits the report.

Tip: Baskerville and Georgia are good alternatives to the over-used Times New Roman. Try different font pairing for the body text and Headings (and Subheadings). Several websites like FontJoy and TypeWolf will help you experiment with font pairings. You can download and use custom fonts too. But remember the thumb-rule never use more than three different typefaces in a document. For that extra bit of pizazz, try a drop cap to enhance your text How to Use Drop Caps to Enhance Your Text in Microsoft Word How to Use Drop Caps to scholarships students no essay Enhance Your Text in for writing an essay, Microsoft Word A drop cap is a stylistic addition to ishmael reed essays any document. It demands attention. How do you create a drop cap in a Microsoft Word document?

Let's go through the simple creative process. Read More . If you want to have your lines double spaced, or single spaced, you need to change the format of the paragraphs. By changing the spacing, you can make a document easier to read or give the impression that it is longer and that you have put more work into it. To change the paragraph for the whole document, it is an essay best that you select each block of text; otherwise, if you are using headers in your report, they will change too. Another better option is if you customize the particular style you are using to format the paragraph. To do this, go to Home Styles . Thesis Length? Right click on the style you want to change and apa standards for writing an essay select Modify . Thesis Length? Click on Format Paragraph which is at the bottom of the dialog box. Now, change the spacing, indentation, and for writing alignment for the paragraph. Songkran Informative Essay? Click OK to close the dialogs.

When you want to change a smaller portion of the document , select what you want to change. Right click on the highlighted text and select Paragraph . Apa Standards For Writing An Essay? The same dialog box as above will appear. A page break by its very name splits a continuous block of text across two pages. Page breaks are important structural elements for long documents. Dissertion Definition? Word automatically inserts a page break at the end of the for writing an essay page. But in a long document, you can place page breaks where you want them. To insert a manual page break, click Insert Page Break. (Keyboard shortcut: CTRL + Enter) A page break looks like this when you click on the Show/Hide command in dissertion definition, the Paragraph group . But what if you want to for writing an essay keep a bunch of lines together on a page or column and not have them separate because of proposal in management a page break? The layout is in your control. Apa Standards? Click the tiny arrow you see in thesis length, the bottom right of the Paragraph group.

In the Paragraph box, click Line and Page Breaks. For Writing? Select from these four pagination options: Widow/Orphan control places at least two lines of a paragraph at the top or bottom of a page. Keep with next prevents breaks between paragraphs you want to stay together. Keep lines together prevents page breaks in the middle of thesis length paragraphs. Page break before adds a page break before a specific paragraph. Styles and for writing an essay themes are perhaps two of the more underused features in Microsoft Word 7 Underused Microsoft Word Features and How to Use Them 7 Underused Microsoft Word Features and How to Use Them Are you overlooking some of Microsoft Word's most useful features? This application features a surprising number of underused tools and options. We have unearthed seven and will show you how to use them. Read More . But I think you should use them at essays for time every opportunity to save a lot of time. But what is the difference between a theme and a style?

Microsoft says: Themes provide a quick way to change the overall color and fonts. If you want to change text formatting quickly, Word Styles are the apa standards for writing most effective tools. So, as themes control the general look with color, effects, and fonts start with a good theme for your document first. Then , use Styles to dig into the specific portions you want to change the appearance for. For Themes: Go to the Design tab. Pick a theme from the gallery.

You can see previews of what the color combination is like. For Styles: Select the part of the text you want to change. Go to the Styles group on the Home tab. You can see previews of what they look like. Choose the Style that is suitable for your content. Dissertion Definition? For instance, choose a heading style for the headings in apa standards, your document. Or, a particular style for any quotes. You can also modify an existing style and create new styles from for college students 2014 no essay scratch.

Every picture, chart, or illustration needs a caption to clearly describe it. It is a single line of apa standards for writing an essay text, usually located below a graphic. Songkran Informative Essay? Captions are also an important reference when you need to mention them in another place. Many documents omit this small detail. It is easy to add a caption. Right-click the illustration you want to add a caption to. Select Add Caption . In the dialog box, add your caption text and configure the remaining options.

Captions can be automatically referenced in Word. Professional documents can get repetitive. This is why you should start using Quick Parts for for writing, boilerplate content you reuse all the time. For instance, let’s say there is a contract clause you include with every document. Or, some introductory information.

Instead of repeated copy-paste, save them as Quick Parts and re-use them again and again. Quick Parts is also a type of students 2014 no essay building block . You can see the gallery of all reusable blocks of content in apa standards an essay, the Building Block Organizer . Save and reuse your own Quick Parts in two steps: Select the phrase, sentence, or other portion of your document that you want to save to the gallery. Go to Insert Text group Quick Parts Save Selection to Quick Part Gallery . Definition? Change the name and add a description if you like. Click OK . Just as easily, you can re-use the saved snippet of content. Place your cursor where you want to insert a selection from the for writing an essay Quick Parts Gallery.

Go to essays Insert Text group Quick Parts . Then click the sentence, phrase, or other saved selection you want to reuse. You will notice three other categories in the Quick Parts menu. AutoText: Word 2016 has retained the old AutoText feature. It works like Quick Parts for any block of text that you use a great deal. Example: A note you want to use with every document. Document Property: A set of constant properties that you can include with every document.

Example: Company name or author. Fields: These are predefined elements that update automatically. Apa Standards? Example: Date, time, page numbers etc. Remember, entries for document property can sometimes include information you wouldn’t want to share with everyone. So, keep a close eye on these fields and remove the hidden personal data How to Remove Hidden Personal Data in Microsoft Office How to Remove Hidden Personal Data in Microsoft Office What does the metadata in your Office documents reveal about you? Find out what kind of information you might be revealing and how to remove it using the Document Inspector feature in Songkran, Microsoft Office. Read More whenever required. Page borders look good not only on flyers and invitations.

If done right, they can add a touch of class to a document. A variety of line styles and widths and art borders are available from the Design menu on the Ribbon. In the apa standards an essay Borders and Shading box, use the dissertion Page Border tab to design your border. The settings are self-explanatory. Try Shadow or 3-D with the right colors to add a subtle but elegant border. The Art styles with their clip-art borders might be too garish for professional documents. Use the four corner buttons in the Preview window to select the sides of the page to draw borders. Apa Standards? Click these buttons to thesis length remove or add borders, as you wish. Place the cursor on an essay the first page of a document if you want to put a border around only the essay first page. You can also put borders around certain pages in a section. Apa Standards For Writing An Essay? Place the cursor in the section either in the first page of that section or in a subsequent page.

A Word report can seem like an unmanageable chore. Dissertion? It’s like organizing a million piles of hay into neat little stacks. The idea is to know precisely which stack has the pin you are looking for. These features are meant to make it easier. When writing large documents such as a report that contains a lot of information, a contents page may not be enough. An Index should appear at the end of the document, with page numbers to keywords and information in the report. Create an index to help the reader reference the right information with just the page number. Make an index if your document has more than 20 pages.

Microsoft Word 2016 doesn’t let the apa standards for writing an essay process overwhelm you. It basically has two parts: Select the essays management words or information you want to apa standards include in the index. Place the index at Songkran the right place in your document. You can scroll through the apa standards for writing an essay finished document and mark the words or phrases you want to scholarships for college 2014 include in the index or mark them as you go along. For Writing An Essay? Either way, select the text you’d like to use as an index entry or click where you want to insert the entry. 2. Proposal? Edit the text in the Mark Index Entry dialog box. Apa Standards? You can also add a sub-entry which further defines the thesis length main word you used in the index. You can add multiple levels and for writing an essay each appears indented under the main entry.

3. Under Options , you can also create a cross-reference to another main entry. A reader can use this to refer related information elsewhere in thesis length, the same document. 4. Apa Standards For Writing An Essay? Use the thesis length Page number format to apa standards decide on the appearance of the page numbers in the index. 5. Click Mark to mark the index entry. To mark this text everywhere it shows up in the document, click Mark All . 6. Repeat the process for thesis length, all the words and phrases you want to include in the index. You have now built your index. Insert it at the right place towards the end of the document.

1. Apa Standards An Essay? Click on the page where you want to insert the index. 2. Click References Insert Index . 3. The Index dialog box is displayed. Here you can choose to format the text entries, page numbers, tabs, and leader characters. 4. Choose the appearance from the different formats in the list and dissertion check the Preview window on the right. Remember, the an essay Preview window doesn’t show you actual index. It is just a “simulation” of how it will look like. 5. Click OK . Your Index is now ready. Sometimes, you may need to add more entries to the index after you have inserted it on the page. Mark the entry and reed essays go to References Update index to include the for writing an essay new mentions. Also, add a heading for the index because Word doesn’t do it automatically. Your document is almost done.

Now, you need to credit all the other research work and ideas which you have referenced in your document. It’s time for dissertion definition, a bibliography. A company report might not need a bibliography but an academic paper isn’t finished without one. The bibliography is one of the most painstaking jobs in an academic report. Apa Standards For Writing? You need to have all your citations in order before you sit down to frame the bibliography. Also, decide on management the citation style (typically MLA, APA, or Chicago-style) as per the guidelines of your subject. Don’t hesitate to take advantage of third-party citation and bibliography generators The Best Citation Bibliography Tools to Write a Better Research Paper The Best Citation Bibliography Tools to for writing Write a Better Research Paper Here are a few citation and bibliography tools, most of thesis length them free, that will help you cite your sources correctly and put together your bibliography no matter how complex.

Read More for constructing this section. But, Microsoft Word 2016 has a complete toolset to apa standards make this process as painless as possible. So, go to the point in definition, the document where you would like to apa standards for writing place the bibliography. It’s good if you have at scholarships for college 2014 no essay least one citation to apa standards for writing include, but even if you don’t, Word 2016 lets you use a placeholder citation and Songkran Informative fill in the sources later. Click References Bibliography . Word offers a few bibliography styles that differ only in their heading names. Choose the appropriate style and then insert citations from the button in the Citations Bibliography group . The bibliography tool has a few steps to it.

For the sake of brevity, I will direct you to the excellent Microsoft Office help page which is a step-by-step guide. Some academic papers will ask you to create an annotated bibliography How to Create an Annotated Bibliography in Microsoft Word How to Create an Annotated Bibliography in Microsoft Word An annotated bibliography is an important part of any research document. Let's see how to create one with the for writing help of 2014 Microsoft Word. Read More . It is a more fleshed out version of a bibliography with a list of citations to journals, books, articles, and other documents followed by a brief paragraph. The paragraph is a description of the for writing source and how it supports your paper. You can use a cross-reference to Informative essay help the reader navigate through a long document. At any point in a document, you can tell the reader to for writing refer back to a heading, page number, image, chart, footnote, endnote, and paragraph. A cross-reference link is for college no essay a neat way to connect related information together. The reader just has to click on the link to go that snippet of information. Here’s how you begin: 1. Select the place for the cross-reference and type the text that tells the reader about it.

For instance: “Refer to Chart 3 for future trends.” 3. In the Reference type box, click the apa standards for writing drop-down list to select what you want to link to. 4. The options in the Insert Reference to drop-down will change according to your choice above. 5. In Management? In the For Which field, go through the choices and tell Word the exact information to link to. 6. Apa Standards An Essay? Check the Insert as hyperlink box to create the hyperlink for ishmael reed, the referenced information. 7. Click on Insert to include the cross-reference in apa standards an essay, the document. Remember, our mention of captions? You can make cross-references to equations, figures, graphs, and tables if you used captions below them. Word cannot create a cross-reference for something that does not exist. Word will let you know about these errors and also update the cross-references automatically when you change the page number or text of the referenced item. A professional report can be a solitary job or you can take the help of thesis a team to prepare the first draft.

The humble Comment is one of the most underused tools of a Word document. It is displayed as a rectangular colored balloon in the margin or in the Reviewing Pane. You can use comments as small “stickies” or self-notes. Apa Standards? Leave little notes to Informative essay yourself in the margins as you write, edit, and revise your way through a report or a manuscript. Be creative add extra links to other resources, use them for tips and apa standards for writing pointers, link to different parts of a document, or set up a feedback link for your readers. Microsoft Word 2016 is also an enhanced collaborative writing tool 9 New Office Online Features to Manage Documents Collaboration 9 New Office Online Features to Manage Documents Collaboration Office Online is Microsoft's free web based Office suite. Definition? Recent upgrades introduced novel Office 2016 features and improved OneDrive, Dropbox, and Skype integration. Let's explore the new options.

Read More . Comments play a huge role in for writing an essay, communicating feedback across a team. Here’s how the comment system works 1. Reed Essays? Highlight the text you want to add a comment to or click at apa standards for writing the end of a text block. 2. Go to Insert Comment . Thesis Proposal? Type your comment in the box. The comments appear in the markup area on the right. The Print Layout view is usually the best way to see the comments alongside the text. 3. Go to for writing an essay the Review tab and see more options for comments.

This tab also shows all the for time controls for tracking changes and comments in a collaborative document. Apa Standards For Writing An Essay? Use the Markup options to display or hide the comments. For instance: No Markup will hide the comments and the markup area on the right. Once the bulk of your report is completed and definition saved, it is for writing an essay time to finalize your report. When I say finalize, I don’t mean proofread it.

That should be done too. Now, you have to take the security measures to protect the report from unauthorized changes and plagiarism. These security measures will give an extra level of thesis length authenticity to your electronic file before you share it. Signatures Insert watermarks Make the document ‘read only’ Password protect your document Print your document to PDF. You can add text signature for a personal touch to the report. But a simple text signature does not need any authentication. A digital signature is the apa standards for writing an essay better way to protect your document from unauthorized access. Informative? A digital signature Is Your Electronic Signature Legal Around the World? Is Your Electronic Signature Legal Around the World? Are electronic signatures valid and legal around the world?

Are they more preferable to apa standards the inked handwritten signature in a paperless world? We look at for time what the apa standards for writing law says globally. Read More confirms that the document came from the signer and hasn’t been tampered in any way. Let’s create a signature line in Microsoft Word 2016. In the document, place your cursor where you want to create a signature line. 2. The Signature Setup dialog box is displayed. Fill the fields as indicated. If you are sending the document to someone else for signing, add instructions for the signer in for time, the field reserved for it ( Instructions to apa standards for writing an essay the signer ). Proposal? The signer can also add give the purpose for the signing if the an essay Allow the thesis length signer to add comments in the Sign dialog box is checked.

3. Click on OK and the document will now display a placeholder for the signature. When you need to for writing sign a document with a digital signature, go to the signature line and right-click on it. You will be prompted to sign with a digital ID. If you don’t have one, Microsoft will tell you to get one from a signature service partner. If you don’t have a digital ID, you can just insert a textual representation of a signature line. You can use a written signature or an image that doesn’t require authentication. A Microsoft Word watermark is a “fake” but still useful visual indicator for the status of the document. Thesis Proposal? For instance, you can use a watermark that says “Drafts” to differentiate it from the final version of the document. Apa Standards For Writing An Essay? Or, use the dissertion definition watermark to suggest the document is “Copyrighted” or “Confidential”.

The “Draft” mark is the most common. But, Microsoft Word gives you several other watermarks to choose from. 1. Go to apa standards for writing Design Page Background and choose Watermark . The Watermark button will be enabled in the Print view only. 2. Thesis Length? You can choose a picture or a text watermark from the gallery. Both horizontal and diagonal versions are available. The dialog box gives you all the customization options for the final look of the watermark. Try different fonts, layouts, sizes, and colors. 3. You can type your own text in the Text field to create your custom watermark. 4. Choose OK to apa standards an essay apply the watermark to your document. Thesis Length? Word automatically applies the watermark to every page except the title page.

A professional report by its nature should not need to be edited by its readers. Converting the apa standards an essay document to a PDF is one way. But, you can also apply a few more restrictions in Microsoft Word and prevent accidental modification or omission of any kind. There are three ways to protect a document. This ensures that your document can only be read or copied. It won’t prevent anyone from copying the file and making changes to the copy. 2. When readers open a document, a bar on top will prompt readers to treat this document as read only. But, they can click on “Edit Anyway” to ishmael reed open the document in Edit mode. Second Password Protect Your Document.

Protect your document from apa standards unwanted edits with a password barrier. 1. Under Protect Document , choose Encrypt with Password . Type a password and click OK . 2. In the Confirm Password box, type the ishmael password again, and then click OK . The document will open with the reader prompted for a password. Microsoft uses the AES (Advanced Encryption Standard), 128-bit key length, SHA1 (a cryptographic hashing algorithm which generates an almost unique 160-bit key to replace the for writing an essay plaintext), and CBC (cipher block chaining) to give a hacker a well-deserved headache. This control feature helps you as the author decide which parts of the document others can edit and which will be locked out. Think of it as the bouncer who lets the VIPs in but otherwise bars the Songkran Informative door for the common folk. 2. Under Editing restrictions , check Allow only this type of editing in apa standards, the document , and make sure the list says No changes (Read only) . No changes (Read only) is the default restriction type. For a different restriction level for the document, click the management menu and select from Tracked changes, Comments, or Filling in for writing an essay, forms. 3. Thesis Length? To free some sections from the an essay editing blockade, select the sections for editing without restrictions. To select more than one area, click CTRL while selecting the area using the mouse. 4. You can check Everyone under Exceptions (optional) in dissertion, the Restrict Editing panel. Or, click More users and allow only specific users to modify the an essay sections.

The allowable areas will be marked with square brackets. 5. Students 2014 No Essay? Click Yes, Start Enforcing Protection . Now, type a unique password in the box that opens. You have to type it again to confirm it. The password is optional. For Writing? But it ensures that no one can just click Stop Protection and edit the document. If you are still paranoid, go ahead and encrypt your Microsoft Word document How to Password Protect Encrypt Your Microsoft Office Files How to Password Protect Encrypt Your Microsoft Office Files Would you mind if someone peeked through your OneNote notebooks or had access to your Word documents? If your answer is Songkran yes, let us show you how to protect your Office files. Read More as we did in apa standards an essay, the second process above. The Portable Document Format comes with many advantages. Not least is its cross-platform compatibility across all computers. Your document is ready and now you need to share it or send it across to be printed.

Many professional reports for instance, a legal document need to retain the format as intended. Save or convert a copy to PDF. Microsoft Word 2016 does not need any third-party add-ins. Remember, your Word document may contain sensitive information that you do not want to be included in the PDF. Remove it before you publish to PDF. In the Publish as PDF or XPS window, choose Options . Then select Document and clear Document properties . Set any other options you want and choose OK . Browse to for college 2014 where you want to save the file and click on Publish . You are close to the finishing line. For Writing? The report is ready to Songkran be handed over to your readers. But there’s one last job left. Turn the pages and make sure (again) that your report is reader-friendly. Approach it with the eye of the reader. Have you organized your thoughts and written persuasively?

Does the apa standards an essay information flow well with the charts and illustrations? Can they skim through and find the information quickly? Is the text readable? Use the readability score How to Get the Readability Score of Any Word Document How to Get the Readability Score of ishmael reed Any Word Document Knowing how difficult your document is to understand can help you become a better writer. Apa Standards For Writing An Essay? Here's how to make Microsoft Word give you readability information. Read More to gauge the readability level of your documents as a final step. You also might have noticed we didn’t cover some aspects of thesis Microsoft Word. For instance, Microsoft Word Tables 8 Formatting Tips for Perfect Tables in Microsoft Word 8 Formatting Tips for Perfect Tables in Microsoft Word A table is more than a mere grid of cells. In Word, tables are not just containers for data but essential formatting tools.

Find out how to manage this dual role with eight simple tips. Read More are an important tool for apa standards for writing an essay, data display. Thesis Length? Or, the power of an essay lists How to Format and Manage Lists in Microsoft Word How to Format and Manage Lists in for college 2014, Microsoft Word No matter how many bulleted or numbered lists you have created with Microsoft Word in your life so far, I bet you will learn something new from this guide! Or did we miss something? Read More in information management. Microsoft Word is apa standards more than a quarter of a century old, and packed with little features. At MakeUseOf, we have covered every nook and cranny of this beast. Students 2014? So, do use our resources to learn more about this software for free. Each new feature of Microsoft Word 10 Hidden Microsoft Word Features that Will Make Your Life Easier 10 Hidden Microsoft Word Features that Will Make Your Life Easier Microsoft Word is deceptively simple. Apa Standards An Essay? You are fine as long as you fire up a document and just type.

But Microsoft Word wouldn't be the Swiss knife it is without its productive features. Read More learned will make your life easier. As author Nathaniel Hawthorne said, Easy reading is damn hard writing. Isn’t this true for professional report writing too? After all, if given a choice, no one may want to read it. Writing a business report and using it to communicate are two different things. Microsoft Word is just a tool it’s your job to engage. What are the best practices for writing professional business reports? Tell us in the comments. Hi, sometimes I see a 400 website error when I view your website.

I thought you may wish to know, regards. Thanks a lot. this was undoubtedly very helpful.. This was SUPER helpful in preparing a report for my supervisor!! After being out of school a few years, I didn't know where to start. Reed Essays? Your manual provided step-by-step instructions that made my report look awesome and taught me a bunch of tricks I never used in school! Love this and will always reference it going forward!

THANK YOU! Also one thing can there be an Artificial Neural Networking based addin that will help in suggesting better word formation and sentence creation? The information is really awesome. Getting Information about the MS-Word and that to for writing in details is quite rare. Songkran Essay? Thank you sharing this wonderful info with all of us. Just one question: Is there a hand of Artificial Intelligence that makes my formatting in the word better? Are there any addins in your suggestion that will make my formatting work easier. I will be grateful to apa standards hear a response from you. You put once instead of scholarships students 2014 one in apa standards an essay, step 2.1.

Saikat is a techno-adventurer in a writer's garb. When he is not scouring the net for tech news, you can catch him looking for life hacks and learning tidbits. You can find him on LinkedIn Twitter watching over the world. A Solid Mid-Range Phone: The Moto G5 Plus (Review and Giveaway) Nebula Mars: The New Standard in thesis length, Portable Projectors. What is This, a Mousepad for Ants? The Razer Turret Lapboard Review (and Giveaway) 7 Mistakes You’re Making While Using Netflix.

Want to Install Elementary OS? 7 Reasons Why You Should! The Cheapest and Best 4K HDR Smart TVs You Can Best Android TV Box on the Planet for apa standards, All Budgets. A Beginner’s Guide to reed essays Mac File Versioning. Should You Buy AMD Vega Graphics Cards?

5 Better Alternatives.

Seven Common Resume Mistakes Pastors Make. With some 400,000 congregations in the United States, the way each church secures a pastor is widely varied. Some churches receive pastors through a denominational appointment system. Other congregations seek a pastor totally independent of any hierarchy. They seek, interview, and vote in a totally autonomous fashion. Still other churches secure a pastor in some combination of the for writing, two approaches. In many of these situations, the church requests resumes of prospective pastors as an reed initial consideration process.

I have worked with countless churches helping them to secure and understand the apa standards, resumes they have received. Indeed I have looked at thousands of resumes. Many of them are excellent. Others are, well, not. Allow me to share with you seven of the ishmael, more common resume mistakes I see. For Writing! Any one of these mistakes will likely cause that particular person to be eliminated from for time, consideration. 1. Sloppy resumes. These sloppy resumes have careless grammatical and stylistic errors. Capitalization is random and spacing is unpredictable. There is no discernible pattern to how the different items on apa standards for writing, the resume are placed.

Just yesterday I heard from essays, a church that eliminated a prospective pastor from consideration because his resume was so sloppy. Apa Standards An Essay! “If he approaches ministry with this much disregard,” the layman told me, “he certainly will not do well at this church.” 2. Unverified statistics. It is common and acceptable to put such statistics as worship attendance and the church budget of the pastor’s current church on Informative, the resume. Apa Standards For Writing! Make certain that the numbers are accurate. Otherwise it will appear that the pastor is careless at best and duplicitous at worst. 3. Bad photos. Not all pastors choose to put a photo on dissertion, a resume.

If the pastor does decide to use a photo, it should be one of high quality of him or of him with his family. I still am surprised to apa standards for writing, see how many photos are candid shots that belong on Facebook, or they are of ishmael essays, such poor quality that facial features are hardly discernible. 4. Poor presentation of family. The mistakes here are usually one of two extremes. Some pastors leave off their family entirely. The prospective church is left to wonder if the pastor’s family is apa standards a priority for thesis in management him. On the other extreme, I have seen resumes that include so much detail about the pastor’s spouse that it becomes muddled who is apa standards really seeking a position. 5. No sense of prioritization.

Typically, church leaders receiving resumes presume that how a pastor orders different areas on his resume reflects his priorities. If education is presented first, that is his priority. If family is noted first, that then becomes the perceived priority. I have seen too many resumes that simply don’t make sense in the manner items are presented. 6. Failure to note ministry accomplishments. Those who receive prospective pastor resumes want to know more than the Songkran essay, name and address of churches or other places of ministry and an essay employment. Songkran Informative! They want to know what was accomplished during that tenure.

Of course, pastors must be careful in how they present such information lest they appear to be bragging or failing to give God the glory. 7. An Essay! Failure to explain gaps in date. If a pastor has a two or three year gap on his resume, he needs to explain it. Proposal! It is apa standards for writing an essay better to provide a succinct explanation of what transpired leading toward those years than to proposal, leave the recipients wondering. What have you noticed about pastors’ resumes? What would you add to my list? Pastor to Pastor is the apa standards for writing, Saturday blog series at ThomRainer.com.

Pastors and staff, if we can help in thesis any way, contact Steve Drake, our director of pastoral relations, at apa standards, Steve.Drake@LifeWay.com . We also welcome contacts from thesis length, laypersons in churches asking questions about pastors, churches, or the pastor search process. Jane Wilkinson says. Thank you so much for this blog. I hope it is for writing an essay read widely. I am on essay, a pastor search committee of a nondenominational church in Illinois. Apa Standards! Your words are incredibly on reed essays, target. Our committee has made numerous comments about how sloppy some of the resumes are. We have tried to overlook the mistakes on the resumes but, frankly, the candidates we seem to favor are those that took the time to for writing, do a quality resume. Essays For Time Management! The sloppy resumes leave us with the impression that the candidate has a poor work ethic and apa standards for writing an essay that he is too lazy to proofread read something he writes. I encourage pastors to get outside readers to proofread their resumes. I hate to see an otherwise good candidate not be considered because of two or three pages of a document.

Thom Rainer says. Thanks Jane. Thesis In Management! Great input! What about those of us who have completed our seminary training, but the only ministry experience that we have had outside of an pastoral internship has been the various areas of service as a layperson. Some people have said not to include it because it was not “full time paid ministry”. Some have said to include it. I have tried both ways and after two years I am still searching for a full time vocational ministry opportunity. Well stated observations.

Another resource we’ve produced in Michigan is our SIMPLIFIED SEARCH TEAM TRAINING. We frequently recommend it to prospcetive pastors/staff to hear what we are recommending to apa standards an essay, search teams. A section of the Songkran Informative, training is on “how to evaluate resume’s.” Maybe it will be helpful to your readers. It is available at: http://bscm.e-quip.net/presentations/show/2974.

Thom Rainer says. The worth of a ministry is for writing not measured by its compensation level or whether you are compensated at all. I strongly encourage pastors to essays for time, include ALL ministry experience, paid and non-paid. Before I served as pastor, I asked the leadership of my church if I could give ten to twenty hours a week as a non-paid minister of evangelism and outreach. They were happy for apa standards an essay me to do so and to give me the title I requested. Thom Rainer says. Steve Drake says. Thanks Dr.

Rainer for engaging such an ishmael essays important practical issue for ministers. If it isn’t true elsewhere, it is an essay certainly true here: “You don’t get a second chance to make a first impression.” I have had students and thesis length friends who have said, “I’m not sending resumes. God knows where I am, if He wants me to move, He can send the committee to me.” It is certainly true that God knows where we are, but if He is apa standards willing to use a donkey to get someone’s attention, I have no problem realizing He might just use a resume too. More and more in our day, I think it would be good for ministry candidates to provide video footage online on YouTube or Vimeo sites to let the searching group have an “up close and essays personal” look at the candidate. Apa Standards For Writing An Essay! Recently I was called by a committee asking for a recommendation of a young man. Everything I said about the candidate was already confirmed in his mind because he had read three years of the candidate’s blog. That church called the candidate and wonderful things are happening among them. Good post Dr. Rainer! I would also encourage folks to write a brief philosophy of ministry for the resume.

A church can learn a lot about a candidate from a brief but well worded statement describing one’s view of ministry and the church. Now, for a list of things search committees do wrong… Robbie Perkins says. Jonathan…I agree. When I sent a resume to the church where I am currently serving as pastor I gave a “ministry philosophy” in the form of a cover letter. Dr. Scholarships For College Students 2014 No Essay! Rainer… you mentioned a perceived priority in the listing of info on a resume, is there an order that you might recommend?

Thom Rainer says. My preference is to provide brief biographical information first, like date of birth and place of birth. Within the bio, I note my family members, including how long I have been married and the age of my children if they aren’t adults. Second, I provide a brief ministry and apa standards an essay doctrinal statement. Third, I note my education, not because of in management, its priority but because readers expect it near the top. I then note my ministry experience and then secular experience. Apa Standards An Essay! Miscellaneous items like published works and denominational experience go near the last, followed by scholarships for college students 2014 references. There is apa standards for writing no best order, but those priorities are my preference and most common on the resumes I see. I have my resume’ in almost the essays, same order you described here. I have also reworked my resume’ with consideration given to the advice you provided in this article.

All of the information in question covers two pages. Apa Standards For Writing An Essay! I also provide a third page that lists four references. I wish I could post it on here to let you see it, as I have put a lot of work into thesis in management organizing it. But I am wondering if it is too long. Some have given me the advise that pastor search committees do not really spend a lot of time pouring over resumes. Apa Standards An Essay! So I should just keep it short and sweet by providing just the nuts and bolts; just grab their attention without providing the detail I have given. Dissertion! So how do I find a happy medium here? Thom Rainer says. Most of the for writing an essay, pastor resumes I see are 4-5 pages. The search committees tell me they do like the detail as long as it is not obvious fluff and filler. Thom Rainer says.

See my blog on October 3, 2011 where I address that very issue. Thanks. Robbie Perkins says. Thanks Dr. Rainer. Jim Orchard says. A little off topic but related, search teams how about a little email letting us know you have received the resume and then if you have decided to drop our resume from the thesis length, list let us know with a note saying thank you for your interest so we can move on an essay, with our search for a church. Thom Rainer says. Thanks.

See my blog of October 3, 2011 where I address that matter to search committees. Sam Loveall says. Dr. Rainer, here’s a tip for dissertion your readers that you didn’t include – – be sure to fill in all the blanks. During a search for a new youth minister, we received a resume that began with a cover letter (that I very much wish I had kept.) The letter writer went to great lengths to explain just how God had been leading this young man to our congregation. Intense prayer, advice from others, deep soul searching – – things like that. I wish I could remember the exact words of the for writing an essay, “climax” sentence of the letter, but it went some thing like this: “I am convinced that God has great things planned, and I look forward to thesis length, speaking with you about serving with (church name) as we seek His further will for…”

I’m surprised to hear you say to include a family section on your resume. Coming to an essay, the ministry from the business world (where I was a hiring manager) I would never have thought to Songkran Informative essay, include info about family since that is one thing you most definitely would not put on apa standards, a resume for a secular job. Also, I hope that when you work with churches you remind them that this is a two-way street and they are under scrutiny by potential pastors just as the for time, candidates are under scrutiny by apa standards for writing them. I’ve had churches contact me seeking a resume who failed to provide any information or very little information or sloppily presented information and thesis proposal in management the message this sends is for writing an essay that they think they are so wonderful that anyone would be blessed to be their pastor. As true as that may be, I would have no way of knowing how good they are by the info they make available and how they present it. Thanks for these tips and essays for time please take it the right way when I say that I hope I never have to use them.

Sometimes, it’s hard for pastors and other ministry professionals to view their calling in job terms. Apa Standards For Writing An Essay! But, at least one person on dissertion definition, a Search Committee is going to be a business person and are accustomed to seeing professional resumes. They are going to assume that your resume indicates how one will run their church and lead them spiritually. Will they be able to for writing an essay, count on ishmael reed, you to an essay, handle things professionally, when someone confesses an addiction problem that would ruin their standing in thesis length the community? Will you professionally help families who have been in bitter disputes for years, when a loved one dies? Many churches are worried about decline and want to apa standards for writing an essay, know if you are able to lead them toward spiritual and numeric growth. Does your resume give them confidence you can? Do you have any great online or other resources to help pastors develop a ministry resume or portfolio? Great stuff.

Thanks, definitely brought clarity to a foggy situation. Steven Zeigler says. I desire to be a worship leader. I have had no paid positions. I have only worked with two pastors and have done three years of mission work in the U.S. Ishmael Reed Essays! God has put his hand on me to be a worship leader. For Writing! I am working 36 hours a week to support my family of four and I am age 47 now. I have not gone to bible college.

I have had formal training for five years on organ and thesis length I have four years of performance with my college I attended many years ago. I have helped lead worship for five years at a preivously attended church and sang on the choir, yet it has never been a paid position. Apa Standards An Essay! I now serve on reed, the choir with the Church I am attending. I have attended a worship school with Steve Swanson. Not a college.

I have asked my pastor to for writing an essay, work with him, yet he has never called me or asked to thesis length, come. My pastor has said, he agrees that God has a call on my life for for writing pastor of worship. Thesis Proposal In Management! Where should I start and what should I do to apply for this position? I do believe God has opened this door for apa standards me and I have prayed. I have called the church to ask questions about the position. Anything above that, I am unsure what to reed essays, do. Please help. Mark Carlton says. Why do Southern Baptist churches focus so little on Singles’ ministry? With the apa standards for writing an essay, adult population in essays the US at more than 50% single, why do churches seem to disregard singles? I live in a city with over a million population and not one Southern Baptist Church has a strong singles ministry.

Southern Baptist used to at least have a large singles conference once a year at Ridgecrest but that conference has significantly dwindled while the singles population has grown substantially. The church is apa standards an essay losing its influence because this segment of the thesis length, population is being ignored.

Academic Essay Writing Assistance Agency. Are you one of those poor students who are too overloaded to handle all homework assignments? If you are browsing this essay writing service, perhaps you do experience some difficulties with your essays, research papers, courseworks, or other tiring and time-taking tasks. Don’t worry — you are not the only one with such problem. Even the smartest students get stuck in those creepy assignments from time to time, so our writers have helped thousands of students despite their knowledge and writing skills. Teachers and professors often leave no choice by assigning too many complex tasks that require a lot of time and sources to apa standards for writing, be used. There is essays for time management, nothing you can do except for apa standards, hiring a professional writer. Of course, you may also fail the paper, but that is the last thing we want, don’t we? EssaysMonster.Net was developed particularly to serve the needs of the tuckered out students who are in despair with their essay writing.

Best Essay Writing Service Is in Front of You. At first, we’ll share our knowledge about the process of writing academic paper in general. There is in management, a number of online companies offering this kind of educational service. But it does not mean all of them hire professional writers experienced in different fields. Some just use young freelance authors who have no idea about official writing styles or particular subject. Apa Standards For Writing An Essay! They may be selling very cheap essay writing service, but who knows how well the thesis length papers are written? Those companies may process the orders pretty fast, but it also does not guarantee the premium quality. The quality alone is not the best option to attract customers too. Apa Standards An Essay! That is why our managers have developed a best essay writing service formula: all of the factors mentioned above (affordable prices, certified writers with a solid experience, high content quality, fast delivery) combined with the pleasant surprises like discounts and special offers.

Along with the service’s experience, its security and confidentiality guarantees matter as well. Finally, our success is definition, provided by those returning clients who share our website with others and recommend it to friends. Our wide customer base is the best proof of our superior services. EssaysMonster.Net is believed to be one of the leading companies on the writing market, and apa standards for writing we’ll summarize all reasons in brief. Scholarships For College Students 2014 No Essay! Our authors possess Master#8217;s and apa standards for writing an essay Ph.D. degrees. They are well prepared to assist any student in solving any case. Reed! We assign the one who suits you the best.

You can trust us: we do not only promise information security, free revisions or full refund #8212; we do it for an essay, you! Quality is not cheap, but our fee is thesis length, still affordable for everyone. For Writing An Essay! In addition, we give away attractive discounts from time to time. Our experience in writing, education and Songkran Informative essay communications provides all of an essay, our employees with the skills needed to create an #8220;A#8221; essay or research paper. Our customers saying. Songkran Informative Essay! Take Just 4 easy Steps on a Way to Your Complete Paper. Our prices are fixed once they are set. We do not raise them.

Almost all of for writing an essay, our college essay writing service customers return to order more! More than 10 years in the field of academic writing gave us an opportunity to develop the best service ever! Reasons to Enjoy Our College Essay Writing Service: Our policy is known as customer-oriented one. In Management! It means that student#8217;s satisfaction plays the most important role for our team. We make everything possible to meet your requirements and please your academic needs. Our list of favorable warranties ensures that your customer rights won#8217;t be ever violated. We#8217;re talking about apa standards for writing an essay, financial, security, quality, confidentiality, and bonus guarantees. Essays For Time! Our authors have proved they are worth of being called the best on the market. Just place an order with us to find out how a professional essay should look like.

Since our foundation, our essay writing services have been hiring only for writing an essay, those candidates who demonstrated outstanding English language proficiency, writing skills and knowledge of scholarships for college 2014 no essay, various research techniques. Every applicant has to pass a strict face-to-face interview as well. Apa Standards For Writing An Essay! Every writer who works for us is perfectly aware of thesis, grammar, various academic subjects, and how to apa standards for writing an essay, apply decent references. You can easily get in touch with your writer. After placing your order, you will immediately get an unlimited access to our support department meaning its reps will serve you 24/7. They will clarify all questions or process any complaints. There is enough operators in our company to handle several requests at once. As far as our experts have Master#8217;s and Ph.D. degrees along with long-lasting work experience, they can handle any task: from for time, high school to university level, from descriptive essay to huge dissertation. Perhaps as a student of Business Administration you faced episodes when writing agencies refused to help due to the lack of specialists in this field. Don#8217;t worry #8212; we have hired MBA holders to come up with the luxury business plans and apa standards presentations for reed essays, you. Remember that you can order just any written assignment from EssaysMonster.Net!

Enjoy our on-time delivery. Our writers all respect the deadlines set by our customers as a late paper is an an essay, #8220;F#8221; paper. Thus, we used to terminate cooperation with those writers who used to break this #8220;golden rule#8221; in the past. Scholarships For College Students 2014 No Essay! That is for writing an essay, why only punctual and accurate writers are left on ishmael, the board. To build the best essay writing service, we have added options with different urgencies. Discover a very easy ordering process. It consists of just 4 simple steps.

You don#8217;t need to call and wait online endlessly #8212; top essay writing services can be ordered in 5 minutes at our website. Apa Standards An Essay! Are there still any doubts left in your head? Then you have to thesis length, give it a try #8212; our company guarantees the apa standards for writing an essay best online academic and business writing service for your improved grades.

Free Information Technology essays. Many techniques in data mining and machine learning follow a gradient-descent paradigm in the iterative process of discovering a target functions or decision model. For instance, neural networks generally perform a series of iterations to converge the weight coefficients of edges in the network; thus, settling into a decision model. An Essay. Many learning problems now have distributed input data, due to the development of distributed computing environment. In such distributed scenarios, privacy concerns often become a big concern.

For example, if medical researchers want to ishmael reed essays, apply machine learning to study health care problems, they need to collect the raw data from hospitals and the follow-up information from patients. Then, the privacy of the patients must be protected, according to the privacy rules in Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA) [1], which establishes the regulations for the use and disclosure of Protected Health Information. Why the researchers would want to build a learning model (e.g., neural networks) without first collecting all the training data on one computer is a natural question. If there is a learner trusted by for writing, all the data holders, then the trusted learner can accumulate data first and build a learning model. However, in many real-world cases, it is rather difficult to find such a trusted learner, since some data holders will always have concerns like ‘What will you do to my data’? and ‘Will you discover private information beyond the scope of research’? On the other hand, given the distributed and networked computing environments at present, alliances will greatly benefit the scientific advances [2]. The researchers have the interest to obtain the result of Songkran Informative, cooperative learning even before they see the data from other parties. As a concrete example, the for writing an essay, progress in neuroscience could be boosted by making links between data from labs around the world, but some researchers are reluctant to release their data to be exploited by others because of privacy and security concerns. 1.2 REPORT ORGANIZATION.

This thesis describes the design and development of the Privacy Preserving Gradient Descent Method Applied for reed essays, Neural Network with Distributed Datasets, as well as the procedures used to test their effectiveness. An Essay. The report is organized as follows: Chapter 2: Literature survey. This chapter focuses on review of different related work as well as emphasizing on privacy preserving distributed datasets for solving classification problems. Chapter 3: Problem definition.

This chapter describes the problem definition and goals of proposed system. Chapter 4: System Design and Implementation. This chapter focuses on design of system, architecture of the system and scholarships 2014 no essay, privacy preserving gradient descent method used for implementation of the system. Also, it focuses on metrics used for evaluation of the system. Chapter 5: Experimental results and Analysis.

This chapter describes the experimental results obtained from the for writing an essay, system. Also, it focuses on thesis proposal in management, the analysis of results as well as comparison of performance with other system. Chapter 6: Conclusion. This chapter summarizes the method used for privacy preserving for owners of distributed dataset applied for neural network. Also summarizes experimental results obtained by comparing different methods. This chapter focuses on review of different related work and emphasizing on different techniques for preserving privacy of distributed datasets. 2.1 Present Theory and Practices. D. Agrawal and R. Apa Standards For Writing An Essay. Srikant have proposed the problem of performing data analysis on distributed data sources with privacy constraints [4]. They used some cryptography tools to efficiently and essays, securely build a decision tree classifier. For Writing An Essay. A good number of essays, data mining tasks have been studied with the consideration of privacy protection, for for writing an essay, example, classification [5], and clustering [6].

In particular, privacy-preserving solutions have been proposed for the following classification algorithms (to name a few): decision trees, naive Bayes classifier [8], and support vector machine (SVM) [9] Generally speaking, the existing works have taken either randomization-based approaches or cryptography- based approaches[7] Randomization-based approaches, by perturbing data, only scholarships 2014 no essay, guarantee a limited degree of for writing an essay, privacy. A.C.Yao has proposed general-purpose technique called secure multiparty computation [10]. The works of thesis length, secure multiparty computation originate from the solution to the millionaire problem proposed by Yao, in which two millionaires can find out who is richer without revealing the amount of their wealth. In this work a protocol is presented which can privately compute any probabilistic polynomial function. Although secure multiparty computation can theoretically solve all problems of privacy-preserving computation, it is too expensive to apa standards for writing, be applied to practical problems. Cryptography-based approaches provide better guarantee on privacy than randomized-based approaches, but most of the cryptography-based approaches are difficult to be applied with very large databases, because they are resource demanding.

For example, although Laur et al. proposed an elegant solution for privacy-preserving SVM in [9], their protocols are based on circuit evaluation, which is considered very costly in practice. L.Wan, W. K. Ng, S. Han, and thesis, V. C. S. Lee have proposed a preliminary formulation of gradient descent with data privacy preservation [13]. Apa Standards. They present two approaches’stochastic approach and least square approach’under different assumptions. Four protocols are proposed for the two approaches incorporating various secure building blocks for both horizontally and thesis length, vertically partitioned data. 2.2 The Limitations of Present Practices. In the Literature Survey, work is carried on apa standards an essay, privacy preserving Data Mining for performing data analysis on distributed datasets. Informative. Further the solution proposed in the Privacy Preserving Gradient Descent Methods gives general formulation for preserving privacy of distributed datasets to solve optimization problems. There is an essay, no any work done related to gradient descent method applied for back propagation neural network with distributed datasets i.e. horizontal fragmentation and vertical fragmentation datasets.

It is therefore required that this solution for the privacy preserving gradient descent method needs to be applied to dissertion, the Neural Network for for writing an essay, solving classification problem. 3.1 PROBLEM DEFINITION. The researchers have the interest to obtain the result of cooperative learning of scholarships students 2014 no essay, multiple parties’ data for solving classification problems, but some researchers are reluctant to release their data to be exploited by for writing an essay, others because of privacy and security concerns. Therefore, there is a strong motivation for learners to develop cooperative learning procedure with privacy preservation. Songkran Essay. Hence the goal is to design and implement a privacy preserving gradient descent method applied for back propagation neural network with distributed datasets i.e. horizontal fragmentation and vertical fragmentation datasets for apa standards for writing an essay, solving classification problems. We can train the neural network by using distributed datasets for solving classification problems. For College Students No Essay. If unknown samples come for testing then we can easily classify it to desired output. Goals of dissertation are: ‘ Apply a standard non privacy preserving algorithm on Back Propagation Neural Network with different datasets. ‘ Implementing cryptography technique for preserving privacy of owner’s dataset.

‘ Implementing of Privacy preserving Least Square Approach Algorithm on horizontal partitioned dataset for Back propagation Neural Network Training. ‘ Implementation of Privacy preserving Least Square Approach Algorithm on Vertical partitioned dataset for Back propagation Neural Network Training. ‘ Analyze the results. SYSTEM DESIGN AND IMPLEMENTATION. In this dissertation work, focus is to implement the privacy-preserving distributed algorithm to securely compute the piecewise linear function for for writing, the neural network training process to obtain the desired output. Essays For Time. We can train the neural network by using distributed datasets for solving classification problems.

If unknown samples come for testing then we can easily classify it to desired output. The Gradient Descent Method is used for updating weight coefficients of edges in the neural network. For Writing. This method has two approaches-Stochastic approach and Least Square approach. In this project we use Least Square approach of thesis length, Gradient Descent Method. This chapter highlights on for writing, the architecture and implementation details of dissertation work. 4.1 ARCHITECTURE OF SYSTEM. Figure 4.1 shows System Architecture, different components and structure of thesis, proposed system. To train the system Standard Dataset from UCI Machine Learning Repository is used.

There are 3 Datasets are used for apa standards, the implementation of Least Square Approach i.e. Iris Flower Dataset, Tennis Dataset and Wine Dataset. Modules in Informative essay, the proposed system are as follows. 1. Implementing a standard non privacy preserving algorithm on Neural Network. 2. Implementing cryptography technique for preserving privacy of owner’s dataset. 3. Implementation of Privacy preserving Least Square Approach Algorithm on horizontal partitioned dataset for Back propagation Neural Network Training. 4. Implementation of Securely Computing the Piecewise Linear Sigmoid Function for Vertically partitioned dataset and Implementation of Privacy preserving Least Square Approach Algorithm on Vertically Partitioned dataset for apa standards for writing, Back propagation Neural Network Training. 5. Analysis of ishmael reed essays, results. Figure 4.1 Architecture of System. 4.1.1 A standard non privacy preserving algorithm on for writing, Neural Network. Non privacy preserving algorithm for training dataset on back propagation neural network is implemented for analysis purpose.

4.1.2 A cryptography technique for preserving privacy of owners dataset. The main idea of the algorithm is to secure each step in the non-privacy-preserving gradient descent algorithm, with two stages i.e feed forward and scholarships students 2014, back propagation. In each step, neither the input data from the other party nor the intermediate results can be revealed. Possible encryption mechanism is Elgamal Encryption Scheme, Deffie Hellman Scheme and Palliers Cryptosystem, etc. The work will make use of Elgamal encryption scheme. 4.1.3 Privacy preserving Least Square Approach Algorithm on horizontal partitioned dataset for Back propagation Neural Network Training. In this module we implement Least Square approach algorithm for horizontal partioned dataset for an essay, effectively obtaining exact output for classification of data between two parties. 4.1.4 Securely Computing the Piecewise Linear Sigmoid Function for thesis length, Vertically partitioned dataset.

In this module we implement sigmoid function to obtain exact output of dataset and to guarantee privacy-preserving product computation using cryptograpy techniques for two parties. To hide the an essay, intermediate results such as the thesis in management, values of hidden-layer nodes, the two parties randomly share each result so that neither of the apa standards, two parties can imply the original data information from the essays, intermediate results. 4.1.5 Privacy preserving Least Square Approach Algorithm on Vertically Partitioned dataset for Back propagation Neural Network Training. The Gradient descent method uses Least Square Approach to determine Weight (w) to apa standards an essay, best fit training data in the Back propagation Neural Network to for college students 2014, obtain exact output by minimizing the for writing an essay, error rates. After the in management, entire process of apa standards for writing, private training, without revealing any raw data to each other, the two parties jointly establish a neural network representing the properties of the union dataset used for solving classification problems.

4.1.6 Comparison study and definition, analysis of results. ‘ Comparison of non privacy preserving algorithms with privacy preserving algorithms in terms of error rates required for obtaining desired output. ‘ Comparison study between horizontally partitioned cases and vertically partitioned cases in terms of error rates required for obtaining desired output. ‘ To test the accuracy of testing datasets for horizontal partitioned datasets and vertical partitioned datasets. 4.2 IMPLEMENTATION DETAILS. System consists of five modules as shown in Figure 4.2. Apa Standards For Writing An Essay. System is students no essay, initiated from three training datasets such as Iris Flower Dataset, Wine Dataset and an essay, Tennis Dataset which are standard datasets taken from UCI Machine Learning Repository. Thesis Length. Here for solving Classification problem we use Back propagation neural network model.

In first module we train the neural network by using non privacy preserving gradient descent method using least square approach for analysis purpose. In second module we implement Elgamal Cryptograpy technique which is used for privacy preserving gradient descent method using least square approach for an essay, neural network on vertical partitioned datasets. Thesis Length. In next module we implement privacy preserving gradient descent method applied for apa standards for writing an essay, neural network with horizontal partitioned datasets. Thesis In Management. Finally we implement privacy preserving gradient descent method applied for neural network with vertical partitioned datasets. Apa Standards. In analysis phase we analyze the accuracy of each technique by testing sample data values. Figure 4.2: DFD for proposed system. 4.2.1 A standard non privacy preserving Gradient Descent algorithm with Least Square Approach on Back propagation Neural Network. Work is Songkran Informative, carried out on first module implementation of apa standards an essay, Gradient Descent Algorithm with Least Square Approach. The back propagation is applied for proposal, Least Square Approach where the apa standards an essay, iteration is decided based on the tolerable error allowed to stop the training process.

The literature behind the same and definition, sample hand simulation is shown in the below mentioned figure 4.3. Figure 4.3: Sample hand simulation of Neural Network. The connection we’re interested in apa standards an essay, is between neuron A (a hidden layer neuron) and neuron B (an output neuron)and has the weight WAB. The figure 4.3 also shows another connection, between neuron A and C, but we’ll return to that later. The algorithm works like this: 1. Thesis Length. First apply the inputs to apa standards for writing an essay, the network and work out the output ‘ remember this initial output could be anything, as the thesis length, initial weights were random numbers. 2. Next work out the an essay, error for neuron B. The error is what you want ‘ What you actually get, in reed, other words: ErrorB= OutputB(1-OutputB)(TargetB’ OutputB).

3. The ‘Output(1-Output)’ term is necessary in the equation because of the Sigmoid Function ‘ if we were only using a threshold neuron it would just be (Target ‘ Output). 4. Change the weight. Let W+AB be the new (trained) weight and WAB be the initial weight. W+AB= WAB + (ErrorB x OutputA) Notice that it is the output of the connecting neuron (neuron A) we use (not B). We update all the weights in the output layer in this way. 5. Calculate the Errors for apa standards an essay, the hidden layer neurons.

Unlike the output layer we can’t calculate these directly (because we don’t have a Target), so we Back Propagate them from the output layer (hence the name of the algorithm). This is done by taking the Errors from the output neurons and running them back through the weights to dissertion definition, get the hidden layer errors. For Writing An Essay. For example if neuron A is connected as shown to B and Songkran Informative, C then we take the errors from B and C to generate an error for an essay, A. ErrorA= OutputA(1 – OutputA)(ErrorBWAB + ErrorCWAC) Again, the factor ‘Output (1 – Output )’ is present because of the sigmoid squashing function.

6. Ishmael Essays. Having obtained the Error for apa standards for writing an essay, the hidden layer neurons now proceed as in stage 3 to change the scholarships 2014 no essay, hidden layer weights. By repeating this method we can train a network of any number of layers. Figure 4.4 shows detailed Flowchart of Gradient Descent Algorithm with Least Square Approach on for writing an essay, Back Propagation Neural network. Figure 4.4 Flowcharts for Least Square Approach on Neural Network Training. 4.2.2 ElGaml cryptography technique for preserving privacy of owners dataset. Work is carried out on management, second module Implementation of ElGamal Encryption cryptography technique for preserving privacy of owner’s dataset. The main idea of the algorithm will be secure each step in the non-privacy-preserving gradient descent algorithm, with two stages i.e feed forward and back propagation. For Writing. In each step, neither the input data from the other party nor the intermediate results can be revealed. Possible encryption mechanism is Elgamal Encryption Scheme, Deffie Hellman Scheme and Palliers Cryptosystem, etc. The work will make use of Elgamal encryption scheme. In this module, we are concentrated towards implementation of ElGamal Encryption Mechanism and study its properties.

In cryptography, the ElGamal encryption system is an thesis length asymmetric key encryption algorithm for public-key cryptography which is based on the Diffie’Hellman key exchange. It was described by Taher Elgamal in 1985. The ElGamal cryptosystem is usually used in a hybrid cryptosystem. i.e., the message itself is encrypted using a symmetric cryptosystem and ElGamal is then used to encrypt the key used for the symmetric cryptosystem. This is because asymmetric cryptosystems like Elgamal are usually slower than symmetric ones for apa standards for writing, the same level of security, so it is faster to encrypt the symmetric key (which most of the time is quite small if compared to the size of the message) with Elgamal and the message (which can be arbitrarily large) with a symmetric cypher. 4.2.2.1 ElGamal encryption Algorithm:

The ElGamal encryption system is an asymmetric key encryption algorithm for public-key cryptography which uses secrete key to compute private key of decryption algorithm. ElGamal encryption consists of scholarships for college 2014, three components: the key generator, the encryption algorithm, and the decryption algorithm. 1. Key generator. i. Generate large prime p and generator g of the multiplicative Group of the integers. ii.

Select a random integer a, 1 = a= p- 2, and compute ga mod p. iii. Public key is (p; g; ga); secrete key is a. i. Obtain public key (p, g, ga). ii. Represent the message as integers m in the range . iii. Select a random integer k, 1=k=p-2. iv. Compute ??=gk mod p and ?? = m*(ga )k. v. For Writing. Send ciphertext c=(. ??). i. Use secret key a to compute (??p-1-a) mod p. ii.

Recover m by Songkran Informative essay, computing (??a) * ?? mod p. 1. Apa Standards For Writing. Key generation. e.g. Public key (17, 6,7): Public key ga mod p = 65 mod 17 = 7. Message for encryption is m=13. Chosen random k=10. Computed ??= gk mod p= 610 mod 17 = 15. Encrypted message ??= m*gk mod p = (13 * 710) mod 17 =9.

Sends ??=15 and ??=9 for decryption. It receives ??=15 and definition, ??=9. Public key is (p, g, ga)= (17, 6, 7) Secret key is a=5. (??-a)*?? mod p= 15-5 mod 17= 1511 mod 17 = 9. (?? *9) mod p = (9*9) mod 17 =13. Decrypted message is: 13. 4.2.2.2 Properties of ElGamal Encryption Scheme: Homomorphic Property: For two messages m1 and m2, an encryption of can be obtained by an operation on apa standards an essay, E(m1,r) and E(m2,r) without decrypting any of the two encrypted messages. Probabilistic Property: Besides clear texts, the encryption operation also needs a random number as input. One encrypted message as input and outputs another encrypted message of the same clear message.

This is called re-randomization operation. 4.2.3 Privacy preserving Least Square Approach Algorithm on horizontal partitioned dataset for Back propagation Neural Network Training. In this module, we are concentrating towards implementation of ishmael reed essays, Horizontal Partition Case for Least Square Approach. This Horizontal Partition Case is experimented for apa standards an essay, two parties. Party One will contain some records of the definition, horizontally partitioned dataset, whereas Party Two will contain remaining records of the partitioned dataset.

1. Applying least square approach for back propagation neural network at party one. It will generate the for writing, output weight vectors. In Management. These weight vectors are stored in .csv file format. 2. These files contain the weight vector values which can be transferred by Party 1 to Party two. These weight vector values will not disclose any sort of for writing, input to the other party and hence preserves the proposal in management, privacy of the data elements. 3. Party two further performs his training by apa standards, reading this partial trained weight vector values using least square approach for back propagation neural network and the final generated weight vector values can be used by scholarships students no essay, both parties for performing testing. 4.2.4 Privacy preserving Least Square Approach Algorithm on Vertically Partitioned dataset for Back propagation Neural Network Training. 1. Every individual Party will perform ElGamal Encryption Mechanism to convert their set of data into encrypted form as explained in apa standards for writing an essay, module 2.

2. All encrypted data is collected at a single repository. 3. Normalization of the record is made in the range of -1 to 1. For this we use following equation. In = (I-min) ((newMax-newMin)/(Max-Min)) +newMin. In our case newMin is -1 and newMax = +1. 4. Least Square Approach Training for thesis length, Back propagation neural network is an essay, performed. For better understanding, the back propagation learning algorithm can be divided into two phases: propagation and Informative essay, weight update. Phase 1: Propagation. Each propagation involves the following steps: ‘ Forward propagation of a training pattern’s input through the neural network in apa standards for writing an essay, order to generate the propagation’s output activations.

‘ Backward propagation of the propagation’s output activations through the thesis in management, neural network using the an essay, training pattern’s target in thesis length, order to generate the apa standards for writing an essay, deltas of all output and hidden neurons. Phase 2: Weight update. For each weight-synapse follow the following steps: ‘ Multiply its output delta and dissertion, input activation to get the gradient of the for writing an essay, weight. ‘ Bring the ishmael reed, weight in the opposite direction of the gradient by subtracting a ratio of it from the for writing an essay, weight. This ratio influences the speed and quality of thesis length, learning; it is apa standards for writing an essay, called the learning rate. The sign of the gradient of a weight indicates where the definition, error is apa standards for writing, increasing; this is why the weight must be updated in the opposite direction.

Repeat phase 1 and scholarships students 2014 no essay, 2 until the performance of the network is satisfactory. 4.2.5 Comparison Study and Analysis. In this module, we analyses the accuracy factor between Non Privacy Preserving Least Square Approach, Privacy Preserving Least Square Approach on Horizontal Dataset and Privacy Preserving Least Square Approach on Vertical Dataset. Also we analyses execution time of algorithms, Number of iterations and Learning rates. 4.2.6 CLASS DIAGRAM. Figure 4.5 shows the apa standards for writing an essay, class diagram of the system. Dissertion Definition. System contains UtilClass class which contains main method. ANNLearner class which implements actual least square approach of gradient descent method. Dataset class print input and output of dataset values.

Form class shows the graphical presentation of system. AttributeSet class print the attributes of datasets. Figure 4.5: Class Diagram of system. 4.2.7 SEQUENCE DIAGRAM. Figure 4.6 shows sequence diagram of the system.

The purpose of sequence diagram is to visualize the apa standards for writing an essay, interaction behavior of the dissertion definition, system. An Essay. The sequence diagram shows the actual working of Least Square Approach of Gradient Descent Method on Back Propagation Neural Network. Figure 4.8: Sequence diagram of essays, system. This chapter elaborates the experimental dataset, results of the system and evaluation on these results. 5.1 Experimental Data. Several standard datasets are available for experimental purpose which are taken from UCI Machine Learning Repository. For Writing An Essay. 3 Datasets are used for the implementation of Least Square Approach of Gradient Descent Method on Back Propagation Neural Network. 1. Iris Flower Dataset- Numerical, Continuous and Multivariate.

Iris Iris-setosa Iris-versicolor Iris-virginica. 2. Tennis Dataset- Character, Weather Character Strings and Multivariate. Outlook Sunny Overcast Rain. Temperature Hot Mild Cool. Humidity High Normal. Wind Weak Strong. PlayTennis Yes No. 3. Wine Dataset ‘ Numerical, Continuous and Multivariate. Wine-class 1 2 3. 5.2 Experimental Results and thesis length, Analysis:

The figure 5.1 shows GUI Interface for the implementation. Figure 5.1: GUI Interface. 5.2.1 A standard non privacy preserving Gradient Descent algorithm with Least Square Approach on Back propagation Neural Network. In this module we set Execution Parameters for the datasets as shown in Table 5.1. Sr.No Name of Dataset Number of Hidden Units Layer Structure Learning Rate Momentum Number of Iterations. 1 Iris 2 4-2-3 0.25 0.1 450. 2 Tennis 2 4-2-1 0.25 0.1 450. 3 Wine 10 13-10-3 0.25 0.1 5000. Table 5.1 Execution Parameters for the datasets. The Results of the Testing Accuracy for the above mentioned parameters is apa standards for writing, as shown in Table 5.2.

Sr.No Name of Dataset Number of Test Samples Correct Predictions Incorrect Prediction Percentage Accuracy. 1 Iris 50 49 1 98% 2 Tennis 4 2 2 50% 3 Wine 13 9 4 69.23% Table 5.2 Testing Accuracy for the datasets. Figure 5.2 shows the thesis length, graph of testing accuracy of apa standards for writing, non privacy preserving gradient descent method applied on different datasets. Figure 5.2: Percentage Accuracy on Datasets. The Percentage accuracy can be improved of any dataset by training the network for longer duration with less of learning rate.

This behavior can be analyzed using the statistics as shown in Table 5.3. Name of Dataset: Tennis. Learning Rate Number of Iterations Percentage Accuracy Remarks. 0.25 450 50 Sample 1. 0.1 450 75 Improvement in test results due to dissertion, reduction of apa standards, learning rate against Sample 1. 0.25 1000 75 Improvement in test results due to thesis in management, increase in number of iteration against Sample 1. Table 5.3 Improvement of percentage accuracy of Tennis dataset.

The Execution Time of the algorithms is also recorded. We can easily see that the execution time increases with the increase in the number of iterations as shown in Table 5.4. Name of Dataset: Wine. Number of Iterations Learning Rate Execution Time (Nanoseconds) Remarks. 250 0.25 153.34 Sample 1.

250 0.01 158.22 Result1: The Time Increases with decrease in Learning Rate, slow learning requires additional time based on Sample 1. 250 0.001 164.21 Further reduction in Learning Rate increases the execution time based on above Result 1. 1000 0.25 544.69 Result 2: The Time increases with increase in number of iteration of the algorithm based on sample 1. 2000 0.25 1035.18 Further increase of number of an essay, iteration also increases the execution time based on Songkran Informative, Result 2. Table 5.3 Execution time of algorithm for apa standards, Tennis dataset. 5.2.2 ElGaml cryptography technique for preserving privacy of thesis length, owners dataset.

We apply ElGamal Encryption Scheme on Iris Dataset. The results of ElGamal Encryption Scheme on Iris Dataset can be seen as shown in Figure 5.3. Figure 5.3: ElGamal Encryption Scheme on apa standards, Iris Dataset. In this module we concentrate on generating the truncated values dataset which is a basic requirement for ElGamal Encryption Scheme. Following Figure 5.4 shows the execution of the program implemented for thesis length, converting the Dataset values to whole numbers and an essay, writing them into for time, another file as a new dataset. Figure 5.4: Conversion of dataset values to whole numbers. On this updated dataset if Neural Network Training is for writing, performed certain accuracy loss is observed. Let us compare this accuracy loss due to truncation of the dataset.

Table 5.4 indicates the Songkran essay, Parameters used for for writing an essay, normal and updated dataset for the sake of training. Name of Dataset Iris. Total Number of for time, Train Samples 100. Total Number of Test Samples 50. Number of Hidden Units 2. Learning Rate 0.25.

Number of iterations 450. Table 5.4 Execution Parameters used for normal and updated dataset. Table 5.5 indicates the Accuracy Factor involved in apa standards for writing, the training of iris and iris new dataset (as needed for ElGamal Scheme). Name of management, dataset Iris IrisNew(Encrypted) Number of Test Samples 50 50.

Number of apa standards for writing, Test Sample Correctly Calculated 49 48. Percentage Accuracy 98% 96% Table 5.4 Percentage Accuracy of datasets. From Table 5.4 we observed that small accuracy has to comprised to with ElGamal Encryption Scheme, which is acceptable figure. 5.2.3 Privacy preserving Least Square Approach Algorithm on horizontal partitioned dataset for Back propagation Neural Network Training. In this module we implement Horizontal Partition Case for Least Square Approach. This Horizontal Partition Case is experimented for two parties. Party One will contain some records of the horizontally partitioned dataset, whereas Party Two will contain remaining records of the partitioned dataset. Figure 5.5 shows the thesis proposal in management, screenshot of number of records read by an essay, Party one. Figure 5.5: screenshot of number of records read by Party one.

Further the training is carried out with the parameters as shown in above figure 5.5. The weight vector values are generated accordingly on the 54 records of this iris dataset as shown in Informative essay, Figure 5.6. Figure 5.6: weight vector values generated for iris dataset. After the for writing an essay, learning process at Party one is ishmael essays, completed, two files are exported. These exported files contain the weight vector values which can be transferred by Party one to Party two. These weight vector values will not disclose any sort of apa standards, input to the other party and hence preserves the privacy of the data elements as shown in Figure 5.7. Figure 5.7: Screenshots of dissertion, exported files containing weight vector values. The exported files are further given to Party two for performing his set of training. Hence we transfer the file from Party one to Party two as shown in Figure 5.8. Figure 5.8: Screenshots of exported files containing weight vector values at Party two. Party two further performs his training by reading this partial trained weight vector values and the final generated weight vector values can be used by both parties for performing testing as shown in for writing, Figure 5.9.

Figure 5.9: Screenshots of thesis length, training performed at for writing, Party two. Testing Results either at Party one or Party two are shown in for time, Figure 5.10. Figure 5.10: Screenshots of Testing performed at Party two. We executed horizontally partitioned case on multiple dataset and compared the results with Non Privacy Preserving Algorithms. The Results of the Testing Accuracy for the above mentioned parameters (Table 5.1) is as shown in Table 5.5.The result shows the comparison between Non privacy preserving algorithm and privacy preserving horizontal partitioned datasets using gradient descent method.

Non Privacy Preserving Algorithm. Privacy Preserving Horizontal Algorithm for apa standards for writing, Least Square Approach. Name of Dataset Number of Test Samples Correct Predictions Incorrect Prediction Accuracy Correct Predictions Incorrect Prediction Accuracy. Iris 50 49 1 98% 47 2 94% Wine 13 9 4 69.23% 9 4 69.23% Tennis 4 2 2 50% 2 2 50% Table 5.5 Testing Accuracy of thesis length, datasets. Figure 5.11 shows graphical representation of the comparison between Non privacy preserving algorithm and privacy preserving horizontal partitioned datasets using gradient descent method. Figure 5.10: Comparison of testing results between non privacy and privacy preserving algorithm.

From Table 5.5 it can be seen that there is no significant loss in the accuracy if training is performed on an essay, ample number of ishmael, iterations. With security of apa standards for writing, data elements across horizontally portion can be achieved without much compromising on the accuracy factor of the algorithm. 5.2.4 Privacy preserving Least Square Approach Algorithm on Informative essay, Vertically Partitioned dataset for Back propagation Neural Network Training. In this module, we are implemented Least Square Approach of gradient descent method for Vertical Partition Case. This Vertical Partition Case is experimented a dataset which is an essay, divided in thesis proposal in management, two parties and they together want to train a neural network without revealing their actual content. We make use of ElGamal Encryption Algorithm for keeping the data integrity.In cryptography, the ElGamal encryption system is an asymmetric key encryption algorithm for public-key cryptography, which is based on the Diffie’Hellman key exchange. First, every party needs to encrypt their data using the Elgamal encryption technique individually and send the data to trusted third party where the apa standards an essay, data will be collected in Encrypted.

To simulate this we have executed a code which converts the data values into Encrypted Form using ElGamal Encryption. Dataset used for ElGamal Encryption is Iris Dataset. Train Record Set: 100 records. Test Record Set: 50 records. Figure 5.11 shows the thesis length, screenshot of execution of ElGamal encryption algorithm on Iris Dataset. Figure 5.11: Screenshot of execution of ElGamal encryption algorithm on Iris Dataset. This Program produces the encrypted values for all the data records. This simulation can be done by individual parties. Once all these data records are made available in apa standards an essay, Big Integer data type in an encrypted form, then it will not reveal any of the information to thesis in management, the users as the data is in encrypted form. The learning trusted party will also be not able to apa standards, incur any information using this data records as shown in Figure 5.12.

Figure 5.12: Screenshot of Encrypted Iris dataset. Similarly the test records can also be encrypted. Figure 5.13 shows the screenshot of big integer data records. Figure 5.12: Screenshot of big integer data records. Further all the data records are needs to normalize because to get higher accuracy of neural network. Normalization is carried out in the range of -1 to +1. For this we use following equation. In = (I-min) ((newMax-newMin)/(Max-Min)) +newMin.

In our case newMin is -1 and Songkran Informative essay, newMax = +1. Figure 5.13 shows the screenshots of normalized data records. Figure 5.13: Screenshot of normalized data records. Figure 5.14 indicates the result of Vertical Partitioned Dataset training for the Iris dataset. Figure 5.14: Screenshot of Vertical Partitioned Dataset training for the Iris dataset. 5.2.4 Analysis of apa standards, Work. We analyses the for college students no essay, accuracy factor between Non Privacy Preserving Least Square Approach, Privacy Preserving Least Square Approach on Horizontal Dataset and Privacy Preserving Least Square Approach on Vertical Dataset. Table 5.6 shows the comparison of percentage accuracy of an essay, testing datasets of three approaches. Non Privacy Preserving Algorithm. Privacy Preserving Horizontal Algorithm for Least Square Approach Privacy Preserving Vertical Algorithm for Least Square Approach.

Name of Dataset Number of Test Samples Correct Predictions Incorrect Prediction Accuracy Correct Predictions Incorrect Prediction Accuracy Correct Predictions Incorrect Prediction Accuracy. Iris 50 49 1 98% 47 2 94% 42 8 84% Wine 13 9 4 69.23% 9 4 69.23% 9 4 69.23% Tennis 4 2 2 50% 2 2 50% N.A N.A N.A. Table 5.5 Testing Accuracy of for time, datasets. The Tennis dataset is a character based dataset. The ElGamal Security scheme works with numeric data type.

So in above Table 5.5 there is no result shown for vertical partitioned datasets. Apa Standards An Essay. Although this can be taken as a future work as to extend the vertical partition case for a character type of data to work with Encryption mechanism. Figure 5.15 shows the graphical representation of comparisons of accuracy of reed essays, testing datasets for three approaches. Figure 5.15: Graphical representation of apa standards, comparisons of accuracy of testing datasets for three approaches. From Figure 5.15 it is thesis proposal in management, observed that there is apa standards for writing, no significant loss in the accuracy if training is performed on ample number of iterations. The number of iterations and the learning rate are modified for Songkran Informative essay, the Privacy Preserving Vertical Partition Case as the cryptographic implementation makes the data loss to an essay, happen. But still at the cost of some learning improvement the essays, data can be kept secured for Privacy Preserving Vertical Partitioned Case. Gradient descent method is used for solving many optimizations and learning problems. In this dissertation work, we presented a secure gradient descent method for training of apa standards an essay, neural network for distributed datasets. Gradient Descent method contains two approaches i.e. stochastic approach and Least Square approach. For our work least square approach is used and it is well suited for reed, training of neural network.

We use Back Propagation neural network for training purpose. We works on privacy preserving protocols for securely performing gradient descent method over apa standards for writing vertically or horizontally partitioned data based on the least square approach between two trusted parties. Our experimental results show that the thesis length, protocols are correct and preserving privacy of each data holders. An Essay. We also conducted experiments to analyze the ishmael essays, results of non privacy preserving least square approach with privacy preserving least square approaches for horizontal and vertical portioned datasets. The excremental results shows that proposed least square approach of gradient descent method for apa standards an essay, distributed datasets is securely preserving privacy of individual dataset holders. For future work, we will extend our dissertation work for distributed datasets i.e. horizontal partitioned and vertically partitioned datasets using the essays, least square approach for multiple parities. Further, our work will extend the vertical partition case for a character type of data to for writing, work with Encryption mechanism. [1] HIPPA, National Standards to Protect the Privacy of Personal Health Information, [Online].

Available: http://www.hhs.gov/ocr/hipaa/finalreg.html. [2] M. Chicurel, ‘Data basing the brain,’ Nature, vol. 406, pp. 822’825, Aug. 2000. [3] D. Agrawal and R. Srikant, ‘Privacy-preserving data mining,’ in reed essays, Proc. ACM SIGMOD. [4] Y. Lindell and B. Pinkas, ‘Privacy preserving data mining,’ in Lecture Notes in Computer Science. Berlin, Germany: Springer-Verlag, 2000, vol.

1880, pp. For Writing An Essay. 36’44. [5] N. Zhang, S. Wang, and W. Zhao, ‘A new scheme on thesis length, privacy-preserving data classification,’ in Proc. ACM SIGKDD Int. Conf. Knowl. Disc. Data Mining, 2005.

[6] G. Jagannathan and for writing an essay, R. N. Wright, ‘Privacy-preserving distributed k-means clustering over arbitrarily partitioned data,’ in Proc. Definition. ACM. [7] O. Goldreich, Foundations of Cryptography. Apa Standards An Essay. Cambridge Univ. Press, 2001. [8] R. Wright and Z. Yang, ‘Privacy-preserving Bayesian network structure computation on thesis length, distributed heterogeneous data,’ in Proc. 10th ACM SIGKDD. [9] H. Yu, X. For Writing An Essay. Jiang, and J. Songkran Essay. Vaidya, ‘Privacy-preserving SVM using nonlinear kernels on horizontally partitioned data,’ in Proc. Annu.

ACM Symp. Appl. Comput., 2006. [10] A. C. Yao, ‘Protocols for secure computations,’ in Proc. 23rd Annu. Symp. Found. Apa Standards. Comput. Sci., Chicago, IL, Nov. 1982. [11] M. Barni, C. Orlandi, and for time, A. Piva, ‘A privacy-preserving protocol for neural-network-based computation,’ in Proc.

8th Workshop Multimedia Security, New York, 2006. [12] A. Yao, ‘How to generate and exchange secrets,’ in apa standards an essay, Proc. 27th IEEE Symp. Found. Comput. Sci., 1986, pp. 162’167. [13] L.Wan, W. K. Ng, S. Han, and V. C. Thesis Length. S. Lee, ‘Privacy-preservation for gradient descent methods,’ in Proc. IEEE Transactions on Knowlede and Data Engineering, 2010. Search our thousands of essays:

If this essay isn't quite what you're looking for, why not order your own custom Information Technology essay, dissertation or piece of coursework that answers your exact question? There are UK writers just like me on hand, waiting to help you. Each of us is apa standards for writing, qualified to a high level in our area of expertise, and we can write you a fully researched, fully referenced complete original answer to your essay question. Just complete our simple order form and you could have your customised Information Technology work in your email box, in as little as 3 hours. This Information Technology essay was submitted to us by a student in order to help you with your studies. This page has approximately words.

If you use part of this page in your own work, you need to provide a citation, as follows: Essay UK, Essay: Data mining . Informative. Available from: http://www.essay.uk.com/essays/information-technology/essay-data-mining-2/ [06-10-17]. If you are the original author of this content and no longer wish to have it published on our website then please click on the link below to request removal: 10-05-17 - Image processing 09-05-17 - Integration of Cloud and Internet of Things 03-05-17 - Mobile ad-hoc network 02-05-17 - Technology used in hospitality industry 01-05-17 - The Personal Software ProcessSM (PSPSM) 21-04-17 - Software quality 20-04-17 - Data Warehouse for decision making 19-04-17 - Enhancing food security via a web based system 17-04-17 - Frame relay technology 15-04-17 - Competition and for writing, Innovation: A Comparative Study of for college no essay, Telecommunications and Insurance (WIP) We offer professional custom essay writing, dissertation writing and coursework writing service.

Our work is high quality, plagiarism-free and delivered on time. Essay UK is apa standards, a trading name of Student Academic Services Limited , a company registered in Songkran essay, England and Wales under Company Number 08866484 .