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The crucible struggles of elizabeth proctor - Roots Collective

Elizabeth proctor essays crucible

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Bank of America to elizabeth crucible Resume Foreclosures. Questions! Bank of America said Monday that it plans to resume seizing more than 100,000 homes in 23 states next week. It said it has a legal right to foreclose despite accusations that documents used in the process were flawed. Other major leaders have yet to elizabeth proctor essays crucible say whether they will follow suit and resume foreclosures in tospovirus thesis the states that require a judge's approval. Proctor Crucible! But analysts expect the direct investment, move by the nation's biggest bank will give way to proctor essays crucible an industrywide effort to push ahead with a wave of foreclosures that have depressed the housing market.

Banking analyst Nancy Bush of NAB Research said other lenders are likely to essay follow because foreclosure practices were similar from bank to bank. We'll be back to square one by the end of the year, she said. The bank's move could mean that the costs of the foreclosure document mess will wind up being less than some investors had feared just days ago. Elizabeth Proctor Crucible! Bank shares sank last week after JPMorgan Chase Co. said it set aside $1.3 billion in the third quarter to cover legal expenses that include the foreclosure problems. Bank of America Corp. says it's confident of essay direct, its foreclosure decisions in a majority of its questionable cases. The bank is still delaying foreclosures in the 27 other states, which don't require a judge's approval. Its move comes two weeks after the proctor essays, bank began halting foreclosures nationwide amid allegations that bank employees signed but didn't read documents that may have contained errors. The basis for our foreclosure decisions is population questions accurate, Dan Frahm, a Bank of elizabeth, America spokesman, said in chuck klosterman essays football announcing the bank's new approach. The company said it plans to resubmit documents with new signatures in the 23 states that require a judge's approval to restart the foreclosure process. It will delay fewer than 30,000 foreclosures. Bank of America was the only lender to halt foreclosures in all 50 states.

Other companies, including Ally Financial Inc.'s GMAC Mortgage unit, PNC Financial Services Inc. and JPMorgan, have halted tens of elizabeth crucible, thousands of klosterman essays, foreclosures after similar practices became public. Essays! Shares of Charlotte, N.C.-based Bank of America had been flat earlier in the day but jumped on the news. They rose 36 cents, or 3 percent, to close at $12.34. Analysts at FBR Capital Markets said in a note to college application essay clients that the bank's announcement demonstrates that the issue may be overblown. Still, more problems surfaced Monday that suggest the controversy may be far from over.

A deposition released by the Florida attorney general's office revealed that the essays, office manager at a Florida law firm under investigation for courses on creative writing, fabricating foreclosure documents signed 1,000 files a day without reviewing them. The manager also would allow paralegals to sign her name for her when she got tired, the deposition said. Cheryl Salmons, office manager at the Law Offices of David Stern, would sign 500 files in the morning and another 500 files in the afternoon without reviewing them and with no witnesses, said former assistant Kelly Scott in a deposition released by the Florida attorney general's office. Jeffrey Tew, an attorney for Stern's firm, didn't immediately return a phone call. Government-controlled mortgage buyers Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac have stopped referring foreclosures to proctor essays crucible Stern's firm while they review the firm's filings. Essay On Foreign Direct In Retail! In some states, lenders can foreclose quickly on delinquent mortgage borrowers. By contrast, the 23 states in which Bank of America is restarting foreclosures use a lengthy court process.

They require documents to verify information on the mortgage, including who owns it. Crucible! Those states are: Connecticut, Delaware, Florida, Hawaii, Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maine, Nebraska, New Jersey, New Mexico, New York, North Dakota, Ohio, Oklahoma, Pennsylvania, South Carolina, South Dakota, Vermont and Wisconsin. Son of Sam speaks out: There was a battle going on inside me #8203;CBS News earns 43 Emmy Award nominations. CBSN: On Assignment ep. Essays! 4: Hate Rising; Cyber Soldiers; Deadliest Assignment; Climate Refugees.

CBSN: On Assignment ep. Crucible! 3: The Nightmare Scenario; Inside Instagram; Disappearing Down's; Risky Business. CBSN: On Assignment ep. 2: Guns of on foreign investment, Chicago; Enemy of the State; Muslims Love Me. CBSN: On Assignment ep. 1: Children of ISIS; iRobot; Made in America* Deadliest mass shootings in U.S. history. Elizabeth Proctor! Florida executes man convicted of 1983 killings. Russian-based Kaspersky software believed to been used to take classified NSA data.

Will NRA support lead to congressional action on bump stocks? Nicholas Kristof explains why he's more alarmed than ever about essay questions, war with North Korea. Proctor! Was Paddock targeting other music festivals? Cam Newton apologizes for extremely degrading and disrespectful remark. Dreamers face DACA renewal deadline.

DOJ reverses transgender protections. Why the essay on foreign, NRA decision on bump stocks is a big deal. I stabbed her: Slender Man suspect cries, recounts attack. Trump alludes to calm before the storm Vegas shooter's girlfriend told investigators she worried about his mental stability. Spectacular revelations courtesy of Hubble. Rep. Elizabeth Essays Crucible! Steve Scalise on surviving: It's a miracle Will Christian Pulisic be the next big name in soccer? Gunman checked out other festivals.

2017 National Book Award finalists revealed. What we know about Stephen Paddock, the Las Vegas shooter. Veteran steals truck, speeds dozens to hospital after Vegas shooting. Chuck Klosterman Essays Football! A new blueprint for America's construction trades. The most popular Halloween costumes of 2017. Proctor! America's deadliest mass shootings.

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The crucible struggles of elizabeth proctor - Roots Collective

Restoring Rosewood: Movements from Pain to Power to Peace. January 1, 1923, marked the beginning of a massacre that abolished the small, predominantly Black town of Rosewood, Florida, following an alleged rape of a young White woman. Rosewood is a story of elizabeth proctor essays crucible, physical, emotional, and spiritual pain, as many lost their lives and all lost their possessions when the town was burned to the ground. It is ut austin also one of power, as two elderly survivors broke an over sixty-year vow of silence to reclaim their agency and bring attention to their struggle while fighting to hold the State of Florida financially responsible. Drawing on Martha Minow, Donald Shriver, and Carolyn Yoder, I propose a six-phase peace and crucible, restoration model for courses Rosewood including: 1) facing fears, 2) truth-telling and fact-finding, 3) forgiving, 4) healing, 5) memory-making, and 6) holistic restoration, allowing the pain-filled story of Rosewood to end with restorative peace. God of our weary years, God of our silent tears, Thou Who hast brought us thus far on the way; Thou Who hast by elizabeth essays Thy might, led us into population essay questions the light,

Keep us forever in the path, we pray. Lest our feet stray from the places, our God, where we met Thee. Lest our hearts, drunk with the wine of the world, we forget Thee. Shadowed beneath Thy hand, may we forever stand, True to our God, true to our native land. – James Weldon Johnson, “Lift Every Voice and Sing” Written in elizabeth crucible, 1900 by James Weldon Johnson and composed by good essay his brother J. Proctor Essays? Rosamond Johnson, the original purpose of “Lift Every Voice and Sing” was to honor the birth of Abraham Lincoln. This song quickly gained a significant place in the cultural heritage of thesis, Blacks in America, ultimately being referred to as the Negro National Anthem.

The Johnson brothers were natives of Jacksonville, Florida, a city on the northeast coast of Florida, only 120 miles from a small, primarily Black town near the north central, western coast of Florida known as Rosewood. “Lift Every Voice and Sing” is comprised of three powerful verses that tell a story of liberty, with the final verse offering a prayer to God. This final prayer, quoted above, will be used in elizabeth proctor essays, this article as the guide for the movements of the survivors and descendants of the chuck klosterman 1923 massacre in Rosewood, Florida, from pain to power to peace, while identifying a restoration model that aims towards peace for other similar atrocities. The Johnsons’ visionary composition continues to unite and inspire millions of persons who share common experiences more than a century later, and today the story of Rosewood has the same potential. Areas I explore in relation to the Rosewood massacre include the physical, emotional, and elizabeth crucible, spiritual pain suffered by those living in Rosewood during the massacre and those descended from tospovirus thesis, them; the power , which is undergirded by a belief in God and the rights of all humanity, that enabled survivors to challenge the State of Florida; and the quest for elizabeth proctor essays lasting peace , which I argue can only come from holistic restoration. PAIN: God of Our Weary Years, God of Our Silent Tears. In the is greed good essay early 1920s, Florida, like many southern states, was a place of tension and tenuous racial balance between Blacks and Whites. Proctor Essays Crucible? This tension was particularly true in Levy County, an area of population essay, north central Florida, where Rosewood is located. Essays Crucible? In small towns throughout Florida, a new sense of unease and fear was growing as Blacks and Whites sought to redefine progress in the post-Reconstruction era. In August of 1920, four Black men in Macclenny, Florida, were taken from the local jail and population questions, lynched for the alleged rape of a White woman.

November of elizabeth, that year found the Black community in Ocoee, Florida, destroyed because of a dispute over voting rights—including the destruction of courses writing, twenty-five homes, two churches, and a Masonic lodge; in addition two Whites and at least five Blacks were killed. In 1921, U.S. Representative L. C. Dyer of Missouri re-introduced a bill in the House of Representatives making lynching a federal crime. The bill passed in elizabeth proctor essays crucible, the House, but southern Senators organized a filibuster preventing it from being voted on in the Senate, so the bill died, allowing lynching to continue without any recourse for the Blacks who were most often those lynched. One year later in Perry, Florida, a Black man was burned at the stake after being accused of the murder of a White schoolteacher. His murder did not satisfy the Whites in Perry, so they also burned major social anchors in the Black community including a Black church, school, Masonic lodge, and meeting hall. This destruction of a portion of the Black section of Perry occurred on December 9, 1922, less than one month before what would become known as the massacre at Rosewood, located only an hour and a half away. As is evidenced by these examples, by the early 1920s, the post-Reconstruction era had become the Deconstruction Era for chuck klosterman essays football many Black communities that sought growth and elizabeth crucible, progress. 2. Less than fifty miles from Rosewood, on December 31, 1922, Gainesville, Florida, became the site for a Ku Klux Klan parade which brought participants from questions, throughout southern Georgia and proctor crucible, other parts of ut austin college, Florida. The Gainesville Daily Sun reported that about one hundred Klansmen in essays crucible, full regalia paraded through downtown Gainesville where at least one placard declared “First and tospovirus on vegetables thesis, Always – Protect Womanhood.” In this area of Florida, it was not uncommon for the Klan to make appearances both as a way of generating support and instilling fear.

Blacks faced constant reminders of the potential deadly consequences for challenging the Southern status quo. The silence of many Blacks, who feared death if they spoke up or fought back, only strengthened the elizabeth essays power that the Whites received because of their fear tactics. Silent tears of victims and their loved ones gave witness to the physical, emotional, and spiritual pain that Blacks endured at the hands of certain Whites during this time in the South. 3. Established in 1845, Rosewood, Florida, is located near the Gulf of Mexico, ten miles east of Cedar Key. Is Greed? From 1910 to 1920, the Black population in Rosewood increased from 128 to proctor essays 344, thus outnumbering the population of Whites there, which increased from 158 to 294 in the same period. 4 The population of questions, Rosewood had not only increased in number, but the Black residents of Rosewood continuously improved their lives and their independence. As one survivor, Wilson Hall, describes, during the early 1920s, Rosewood had become a predominantly Black town, with residents owning acres of land, owning two-story homes with farm animals, and growing small crops and other self-sustaining provisions. In an interview conducted for the official report submitted to the Florida Board of Regents, in A Documented History of the Incident Which Occurred at Rosewood, Florida in January 1923 , Hall recalled, “My father was the elizabeth crucible principal at the school, plus he was a minister, and he also did a lot of sharecropping for people all around Levy County…We had a big smoke house…plus we had a store that we used to also supply the community…he had just about everything you needed on a farm, plus caskets for people who died.” 5 He went on to explain that his father, Charles Bakkus Hall, “had 80 acres in one place and ut austin application, had 60 in another.” 6 The Halls and others who called Rosewood home maintained close, interlocking, and supportive relationships with all Black families in the area. The Bradley, Carrier, Goins, and McCoy families were other prominent Black families with rich legacies in Rosewood, who helped build and elizabeth proctor essays, maintain the town.

Their nice homes featured lace curtains covering pane glass windows, front and back porches, and three and population, four bedrooms. The Carrier’s home had a piano, and another home had an organ. Elizabeth? As Elmer Johnson, a White man whose father was a foreman at the Sumner Mill at the time of the massacre, attested, “…Bradley had a beautiful house. It wasn’t painted but it was a big substantial house. Bradley himself was apparently a very intelligent Black man and had acquired property. In those days that was not very popular.” Johnson recalled that Bradley “had cattle and a lot nicer home than most of the clowns that were there,” as he referred to White men who came to Rosewood during the massacre from near Starke in Bradford County. 7 It was believed by some, including some Whites, that jealousy played a role in essay, the White men’s desire to completely burn and destroy all aspects of this Black town’s relative prosperity compared to the neighboring, predominantly White town of Sumner, Florida.

8. The pain that was about to be felt in Rosewood began on January 1, 1923; however, this new year would be one that would never become old in the minds of the residents of Rosewood, but would live on in dreams, nightmares, memories, and fears. Common reports from the area state that Fannie Taylor, a young White woman who lived in Sumner, was attacked by a man on the morning of January 1 after her husband had gone to work at the Sawmill. (New Year’s Day fell on a Monday, so the people of Rosewood and Sumner went to work). From there two basic accounts of the incident exist. Elizabeth Proctor Essays? The White residents of Sumner say that an unknown Black man, whom they assumed was an escapee from on foreign direct in retail, a nearby chain gang, assaulted Fannie Taylor in proctor, her home. The Black residents of Rosewood recall a different report of the ut austin college essay incident that was given to them by Sarah Carrier and her granddaughter Philomena Goins, who was a little over eleven years old at the time.

Carrier and Goins were domestic workers at the Taylor’s house at the time of the alleged attack, making them the only witnesses other than Fannie Taylor and the man. Carrier and Goins said that Taylor’s boyfriend, whom they had seen there before, arrived at the house after her husband had gone to work, and this boyfriend physically assaulted Taylor on elizabeth proctor essays that day. The racial climate in the South at that time was such that the mere inference of disrespect toward a White woman was enough to result in the brutal hanging of college, a Black man. In very little time, the elizabeth proctor crucible stage in this small southern town was set for a violent eruption of trouble. It is direct commonly suggested by both Blacks and Whites who were living in the area at the time that persons from elizabeth proctor essays crucible, outside (likely those who had been in attendance at on foreign direct investment in retail the Klan rally in Gainesville the day before) were the elizabeth proctor essays ones who executed mass destruction on Rosewood. Despite Fannie Taylor’s claim that an “unknown” Negro assaulted her, all of those murdered in Rosewood were well known to on vegetables Whites living in Sumner. During the first week of January 1923, the New Year was rung in proctor essays crucible, with the sounds of bullets and the smell of fire and fear instead of celebratory expressions. Wilson Hall, who was eight years old at the time of the football massacre, recalls the fear and resulting pain increasing in Rosewood: “…when they [White men] started coming you can see the proctor essays crucible lights of the automobiles, see for miles, but when my mother looked out the window upstairs she saw the cars coming then she went and got all the kids up and said ‘ya’ll lets go, cause they are coming.’ See cause that had been going for about a week, it was just working that way and they had started to killing more and more people.” 9 Reports of the number of deaths in ut austin college essay, the Rosewood massacre vary from proctor crucible, seven to over one hundred, and the actual number likely will never be known. 10 After working hard all of their lives to build homes and livelihoods, families were forced to flee and leave all they owned in the middle of the night. Arnett Turner Goins, who was a young boy at the time, could not understand why he could not go back to his house from the swamp where they were hiding to good essay get the new suit he had received just a week before for Christmas.

11 While they hid, they could often see the flames and smell the elizabeth proctor smoke of their memories. Mothers, older sisters, and others kept young children quiet as they hid out in the woods and the swamps, praying and waiting on deliverance from ut austin college application essay, their fear and pain. The escaped prisoner who was suspected of being this “unknown” Negro was never found in essays crucible, Rosewood or any of the surrounding areas. All Black areas of Rosewood were burned to the ground as White vigilantes exacted their forms of “justice” as retaliation for the alleged rape and for Black progress in the town. This self-supporting town—with its two churches, Masonic hall, homes, and small farm-based businesses, along with people’s pictures, family items, and personal belongings—was completely destroyed.

The only structures that remained standing in Rosewood after Whites raided the town over the course of a week were the home and store of White business owner John Wright. God of essay, Our Weary Years, God of Our Silent Tears. Despite their firm belief in God, many living in Rosewood felt like God and those throughout the United States had forgotten them during the first week of January in 1923. Elizabeth Proctor Essays Crucible? Men and women of Rosewood fought back to defend their families and homes as they were able. When they were forced to chuck klosterman football flee, men would not hide in the same area as the women and children because their male presence could put those hiding in elizabeth, greater danger if found. Many of the men walked through the ut austin application turpentine swamps deep into the woods through which they made their escape. The plight of Rosewood citizens was known far beyond the state of Florida, as the story of Rosewood ran on elizabeth proctor essays crucible the cover of The Los Angeles Times , The Atlanta Constitution , The Washington Post , Boston Daily Globe , and population questions, The New York Times as the massacre was happening. 12 The newspapers reported the deaths and destruction, and they even vividly captured the horrific story of an elderly Black man forced to dig his own grave before being shot into it. Despite this feature story, neither the state nor the elizabeth proctor crucible national government responded to the massacre, and the silent tears of the Rosewood residents fell virtually unnoticed. The nation was aware of this mass destruction in Rosewood, but its moral conscience was not pricked to act.

The pain continued as those who had been residents of Rosewood fled and became exiles in other areas of football, Florida. Days after they had been forced into the swamps, many of the women and elizabeth proctor, children were finally able to escape by a train that took them to Gainesville, Florida. When they reached Gainesville, they were cold, scared, and in need of help and support. Courses? As they sought other safe places to live, they found that even some of elizabeth proctor, their family members were afraid to take them in for fear of the retaliation that might come their way. One descendant recalled being turned away by essay on foreign investment in retail an older sister in a neighboring town because of essays crucible, fear that her life would be in jeopardy if Whites came looking for persons from Rosewood. Although those who had escaped from Rosewood faced and chuck klosterman football, would continue to face many challenges, they worked together in elizabeth essays crucible, their new locations and essay, tried to remain supportive as a communal family, just as they had in proctor, the past. The adjustments were challenging for essay those who were starting over.

Although Mary Hall’s mother, also named Mary, had been able to maintain their spacious two-story home and manage the store they owned in Rosewood, she was forced to live in cramped quarters and beg for handouts after fleeing to crucible Gainesville. 13 The mental and emotional pain felt during those initial days of the massacre continued as Rosewood residents mourned the loss of their cultural and spiritual foundations destroyed in the fire. Those who escaped experienced psychic pain as they sought to create new lives pseudo-ex-nihilo against the backdrop of traumatic memories hidden behind silent tears. Many of the survivors took a vow of ut austin college essay, silence that would last for elizabeth sixty years as they sought to hide the pain they experienced. The fear of what might happen if they were ever to return to the place where their physical, emotional, and ut austin college, spiritual lives were formed was passed down to their children, and elizabeth proctor essays, as a result no one went back for over half a century.

One survivor, Lonnie Jefferson Carroll, explained, “I changed my name, I was afraid that the Whites might track me down and kill me.” 14 The nation’s memory was brief, as stories of the population essay questions race riot in Florida disappeared from media coverage within a week. During the sixty years of their silence, the memory of Rosewood became limited to the virtually silent tears offered up to a God who had been with the survivors and elizabeth proctor essays, now descendants during both the good times before the essay direct investment in retail massacre and proctor crucible, the weary and strong years after their lives were interrupted. This vow of is greed essay, silence influenced the limited discussions of Rosewood outside of crucible, “the Family.” The Rosewood survivors did not come together and agree upon this vow explicitly. Short Courses On Creative Writing? Many descendants recalled hushed conversations concerning the massacre and the aftermath among relatives who escaped from Rosewood. Elizabeth Essays Crucible? Some expressed fear of being found and harmed by the perpetrators of the violence, thus reinforcing their silence. Others expressed embarrassment about the way they had to flee from their own homes in the middle of the night. After an article appeared in the St. Petersburg Times about the ut austin college application Rosewood story, descendant Annett Theresa Goins Shakir told her father that he was a celebrity now.

Her father, Arnette Goins, revealed an element of shame-driven silence when he responded, “You mean you want people to know that your dad had to run into the woods like a scared rabbit.” 15 Similarly, when reporter Ed Bradley asked Minnie Lee Langley during a 1983 60 Minutes interview why she kept the proctor crucible secret for so long, she replied, “I didn’t want them to know just what horror I come along, you know, through all of this and what the White folks had did to us, because I thought it was really mean. What they did to us was mean and did it without cause.” 16 Other survivors silently revisited the memory of the tragedy each year during the time of the massacre. Descendant Mae McCoy McDonald recalls her mother would become somewhat melancholy as the on foreign direct investment end of the year began to elizabeth proctor essays approach, a feeling that did not lift until after the New Year had passed. 17. Elmer Johnson was almost six years old and living in Sumner during the time of the massacre.

He recalls ways his father helped protect Black workers at the sawmill from the White mobs. Johnson also recalls aspects of the massacre that were revolting to him. Good? There appears to be a relative silence among Whites in the area, as well, but many of the details of Johnson’s memories indicate that the events were likely recounted repeatedly as he grew up. 18. As significant time passed, the elizabeth crucible pain did not necessarily disappear, but a movement began to happen that would ultimately break the silence and lead to the acquisition of elements of power for the survivors and descendants of Rosewood. 19. POWER: Lest Our Feet Stray for college essay the Places Our God Where We Met Thee.

Notions of remembering, acknowledging pain, and recovering memories are often powerful concepts for both the essays crucible violated and the violators in the aftermath of atrocities. While the majority of Blacks from essay, Rosewood took a vow of silence, it appears that many Whites in the Rosewood area took a similar vow, which resulted in the purging of official records and decreased knowledge of the elizabeth crucible painful events of that time. The result of the silence was a void in the legacy of memory and history, which was passed on to subsequent generations. As Mary Hall reflected when asked about a photograph of family members, “we had no photograph, we didn’t have no clothes, no shoes, no nothing, but we just got right out of good essay, bed, you know, and out in the woods with what we had on.” 20 Vows of silence also meant that some of the memories were lost to future generations completely, as mothers, grandmothers, fathers, and others often refused to speak of the massacre to their children. Years later it would be some of those direct descendants, including Arnett Goins, Mae McCoy McDonald, and Arnett T. Doctor, along with others, who would work with the remaining survivors to right the past wrongs and seek recognition of the injustices the survivors endured. Lest Our Feet Stray from the Places Our God Where We Met Thee. The residents of proctor crucible, Rosewood, as well as their descendants, found strength and power in religious experiences, which played a key role in their lives. God was integral to their overall belief systems. While living in Rosewood, many residents met God in the African Methodist Episcopal (A.M.E.) Church, and others may have encountered God in nature while working in the nearby woods and swamps. 21 The residents had met God in Rosewood, yet despite the tragedy they suffered, including the burning of their churches, they did not leave God there.

Even in exile, they found power and strength in God, as most survivors and is greed good, their families continued to be members of A.M.E. Churches, where they have remained active in the life of the church into the present. 22 The church became a place to encounter a different source of power in the midst of a society that sought to disempower them. For many Blacks during this time, power through prayers and faith were often the elizabeth proctor only immediately accessible recourses against antagonistic White societal forces in courses on creative, the post-Reconstruction era. Despite the spiritual power gained on Sunday, Rosewood survivors faced assaults on their political and economic power on elizabeth essays crucible a daily basis. Blacks who had owned large plots of land in Rosewood encountered White men trying to coerce Rosewood landowners into essay signing over proctor crucible their land to them. In some cases, the land was illegally taken from Black landowners, as court records in Levy County later indicated. 23 Often the power associated with the self-determination the residents experienced in Rosewood waned, as many had to scrape by short writing simply to create a meager existence in a new place. Power was acquiesced in elizabeth proctor, the silence born out of fear, as perpetrators were not called on to account for their actions. 24.

In spite of fear and a perceived lack of power, two older women, Minnie Lee Langley and Lee Ruth Bradley Davis, who were young girls as they lived through the Rosewood massacre, decided to step out on faith and tospovirus on vegetables, break the crippling silence, as they finally sought legal recourse after sixty years. In breaking the silence, the pain previously hidden was uncovered and revealed, and the quest towards holistic healing and restoration began. The breaking of the silence found help in 1982 as Gary Moore, an investigative reporter with the St. Petersburg Times, became inquisitive about an area of Florida where there never seemed to proctor crucible be any Black persons. Thesis? Moore’s article on the area became an expose of sorts that brought attention to the decades-old massacre. 25 Media continued to play a role in the exposure of the massacre, which led to increased power for some survivors. After returning to Rosewood in 1983 for a segment with Ed Bradley featured on elizabeth crucible CBS’s 60 Minutes , Lee Ruth Bradley Davis and Minnie Lee Langley began the good essay process of telling their story more broadly to lawyers at the Holland and Knight law firm. 26 Because the silence had been broken, the potential for positive power was enhanced and the movement towards peace became a possibility.

PEACE: May We Forever Stand True to elizabeth proctor essays Our God, True to Our Native Land. There are six areas I identify that form a model towards peace and restoration for survivors and descendants of Rosewood. The model is developed from my reflection on peacekeeping theory and the actual praxis of survivors and descendants of Rosewood. The legal and political process that was utilized by is greed good the survivors and descendants is viewed with an aim towards peacebuilding. In forming my peace and restoration model, I engage Martha Minow and proctor essays crucible, Donald W. Shriver, Jr.’s work on truth-telling and forgiveness, and Carolyn Yoder’s work on trauma and memory.

27 The areas of short courses writing, my peace and restoration model are: 1) facing fears, 2) truth-telling and fact-finding, 3) forgiving, 4) healing, 5) memory-making, and 6) holistic restoration. These areas will be explained based on the process experienced by the survivors and descendants of Rosewood, as well as by elizabeth essays additional recommendations that I include for chuck klosterman essays football further holistic restoration. Elizabeth Essays Crucible? Although the last survivor died in 2010, there remains a need for restoration of the courses on creative writing communities impacted by the Rosewood massacre. Because of the complexities surrounding the healing of the pain and crucible, hurt experienced and of bridging the lacuna created between the Black and White communities by the massacre and decades of silence, my model of healing and ut austin application essay, restoration primarily focuses on those efforts for the Black community, while acknowledging a significant need for healing and restoration in the White community also. 28. I offer this as one model for Rosewood, acknowledging that the elizabeth proctor unique past of Rosewood provides an opportunity to uncover additional methods of tospovirus, peace and elizabeth crucible, restoration within groups and communities that have been violently broken, disrupted, and dispersed. Rosewood: A Model towards Peace and Restoration. When Minnie Lee Langley, Lee Ruth Bradley Davis, Leroy Carrier, and Sam Hall returned to Rosewood for tospovirus on vegetables the first time in 1983 for proctor the taping of the 60 Minutes segment with Ed Bradley, there was a lot of apprehension and fear. Their last view of Rosewood was sixty years earlier as terrified children driven from thesis, their homes in the middle of the proctor essays crucible night, forced to leave all that they knew and loved and not knowing if they would even live to see the on creative morning. As the years passed, the stories of terror and trauma remained, without any new contemporary stories inserted into the litany that had been replayed in their minds for six decades.

Prior to their trip, Ed Bradley asked if they would go back to Rosewood, and Langley replied, “I would go, if y’all don’t let ‘em bother me or nothing like that. I don’t want to proctor essays crucible go there and get hurt or nothin’.” Edith Foster, a White woman who was sixteen years old at the time of the massacre, confirmed the validity of Langley’s fear, as she recalled that the is greed White men who had come in to destroy the town said, “They had destroyed all the elizabeth buildings and said there’d never be no more to live here no more, you know, they couldn’t let them come back and live.” 29 So as the survivors walked through the land that had once sustained them, they were facing their fears in an effort to ultimately move forward. Restorative power is found in facing fears instead of continuing to push the painful, fear-generating memories into the recesses of the ut austin college application essay mind. Because these four survivors faced their fears and returned to the place of the origin of their pain, they were able to clear the essays crucible way for other survivors and descendants to make the painful trip back to essay direct in retail Rosewood with less trepidation. White persons who remained in the area after the massacre also lived with fear, although this fear was generally unacknowledged. Some Whites who moved to Rosewood after the proctor essays destruction of the town and took advantage of the abandoned property expressed fears of previous Black owners returning to good claim their land. Elizabeth Essays Crucible? When Mae McCoy McDonald returned to Rosewood in short on creative, the 1990s, she went to see the graveyard where her maternal grandmother was buried before the massacre. Proctor Essays? She encountered a White man whose property is now used to access the graveyard, who through tears kept asking, “y’all aren’t going to come and take my land are you?” 30 His tears reveal an understanding of the circumstances that enabled him to come into ownership of the land that now blocked direct access to one of the sacred resting places for Black residents of Rosewood. In order to college move towards restoration, this encounter and others like it will become necessary as both Black and White persons face their fears. The difficult questions that arise from elizabeth essays, such encounters will have to be addressed with contextual care that gives consideration to application both the current landholders and the previous landowners, as well as to the socio-political factors that led to a reification of an imbalance of power. As fears are faced, truth is uncovered, revealing truths associated with beliefs, feelings, assumptions, and experiences that have been known yet hidden for elizabeth essays years.

Martha Minow expresses that there is a “restorative power of on foreign direct investment in retail, truth-telling” that seeks to expose the secrets of a sick society in an effort to heal that society. Elizabeth Essays? 31 As Minow states, “Testifying publicly before an official body can transform the on creative seemingly private experience into a public one.” 32 What had initially been a public event, known throughout the elizabeth proctor essays crucible nation, quickly began to live in the private shadows and whispers of the survivors and descendants of Rosewood for sixty years before becoming public again. Through the sharing of short, their story on 60 Minutes and in the legal depositions that began to elizabeth be taken following the request of Langley and tospovirus thesis, Davis, Rosewood residents and descendants publicized their once private experiences of silent suffering. Through numerous interviews conducted by attorneys, historians, and essays crucible, journalists, the vow of silence of Rosewood survivors was broken, and the power that had been maintained by those who committed the atrocities began to erode, as the White residents’ controversial contributions to the history of the area were no longer overlooked. It is interesting to note the essay direct limited number of White persons who articulated their “truth” through depositions and interviews.

33 Media persons including Gary Moore and Ed Bradley functioned as the initial receiving party for the truth-telling sessions. The second receiving parties for the truth-telling were the Holland and Knight attorneys obtained by Rosewood survivors and descendants and historians assigned by the State of Florida who collected depositions and elizabeth, interviews which were all publicized within the essay direct in retail legislative arm of the State of Florida, thus granting the very important aspect of official acknowledgment of their truth. Archbishop Desmond Tutu, when working with the South African Truth and proctor, Reconciliation Commission (TRC), stated, “The purpose of finding out the truth is good not in order for people to be prosecuted. It is so that we can use the elizabeth proctor crucible truth as part of the process of healing our nation.” 34 Similarly, Minow explains that when a truth commission is separated from prosecutions, vengeance and retribution can be avoided. Since the Rosewood truth-telling was sought apart from on creative writing, prosecution, potential resistance by those who could have been prosecuted was avoided. Elizabeth Proctor Crucible? However, unlike the TRC that provided conditional amnesty for offenders, there was not a provision for amnesty for those who participated in the Rosewood massacre and the subsequent cover-ups by county officials as land was taken in the absence of the original owners. This lack of amnesty may be one reason so few White persons shared their stories, as they feared being prosecuted for their past direct involvement or complicity. 35 As time continues to college application pass, fewer and elizabeth, fewer people will actually know how White families came into possession of college, land in essays, Rosewood. The missing court records of land ownership in Rosewood during the early 1920s combined with the silence among Whites regarding the massacre will lead to incorrect narratives for essay on foreign direct investment subsequent generations, who may grow up believing that they have always owned the elizabeth proctor essays land within their families. Including provisional amnesty as part of the truth-telling process, as was done with the TRC, may have benefitted those involved with Rosewood, as a fuller truth may have emerged.

If additional truth-telling takes place in the future, Rosewood descendants should decide what level of forgiveness they are collectively comfortable with offering and determine whether amnesty should be a part of that. Holistic healing and restoration also requires an tospovirus objective method of fact-finding as multiple stories and multiple truths are shared. Fact-finding quests differ from truth-telling by including elements of cross examination and truth-testing. Essays? In 1993, a team of essay, historians from Florida A M University, Florida State University, and the University of Florida was appointed by crucible the State Legislature to begin the mission of essay, finding the facts surrounding the massacre at Rosewood. 36 The team collected documents from Levy County, the State of essays crucible, Florida, newspapers, and many other sources that added details not shared by the Black and White communities of essay questions, Rosewood and Sumner through truth-telling. The documentation that supported the facts found by elizabeth essays the team of historians helps insure that this history will not be lost and on vegetables, possibly provides credence to stories shared by survivors and perpetrators of violence. After pain is revisited through truth-telling and fact-finding, moving to forgiveness may require crossing a lacuna than cannot be easily bridged. Most of the documents that exist within the official Rosewood depositions and interviews do not show an elizabeth crucible explicit desire of the survivors of the massacre to forgive their perpetrators. We do see, however, that despite longstanding negative effects from the massacre, the survivors and good, descendants did not seek violent vengeance on those who perpetrated the violence. In An Ethic for Enemies: Forgiveness in Politics , Donald Shriver outlines four dimensions of forgiveness: 1) memory suffused with moral judgment, 2) the abandonment of vengeance, 3) empathy for the enemy’s humanity, and crucible, 4) the renewal of human relationship. 37 For Shriver, forgiveness in a political context “is an act that joins moral truth, forbearance, empathy, and commitment to repair a fractured human relation.” 38 The first two of these four dimensions of forgiveness that Shriver outlines for political groups appear to have taken place within the Rosewood family.

However, the third and fourth dimensions of empathy for the enemy’s humanity and tospovirus thesis, a renewal of human relationship have been limited by proctor essays the lack of application essay, sustained engagement across the color line. Although the elizabeth proctor crucible Black and White families in population questions, Rosewood and Sumner knew each well other in 1923, the empathy and renewal of human relationships will require some acknowledgment of and interaction with persons from each side of the color line. These human relationships will be further considered in the final component of my model. The strength of the “Rosewood Family,” which encompasses all of the elizabeth family lines of essay on foreign investment in retail, historic Black Rosewood families, has made possible the process of forgiveness. For members of the Rosewood Family, the move from pain to elizabeth forgiveness cannot be separated from their enduring Christian faith, which empowered them and encouraged them to forgive. In 1984, Annie Bell Lee started the Rosewood Family Reunion, where the families come together each year and share stories with the younger generations, thus promoting a renewal of familial relationships for all that is reminiscent of Shriver’s fourth dimension of forgiveness.

Carolyn Yoder acknowledges that “trauma often creates a need to ‘restory’ our lives,” and this is what a peace and restoration model that includes truth-telling, healing, and population, memory-making allows individuals and societies to do. 39 Rosewood descendants are able to proctor crucible restory their lives for future generations as they keep the experiences of Rosewood alive at the annual Rosewood Family Reunions through stories focused not on victimhood but on survival, strength, and faith. At the klosterman essays football 2007 Rosewood Family Reunion, themes of survival, strength, and faith became evident as the family business meeting opened with singing the spiritual “Thank You Lord” with the elizabeth inclusion of is greed, verses “Made a Way” and essays crucible, “Been So Good” and each verse ending with the refrain, “and I just want to thank you Lord.” As the families come together each year and essay questions, continue to tell the story of Rosewood, they experience strength, pride, and essays, freedom without being shackled to the pain of their past, making a road to forgiveness and essay, the path to holistic restoration possible. The violent and traumatic manner in proctor essays crucible, which the Rosewood community experienced massive group trauma as it was destroyed by White vigilantes from throughout the region, and college, the significant amount of elizabeth proctor, time that has transpired since the destruction without any type of focused healing suggest the is greed good essay wounds from the pain endured are deep and may require multiple forms of healing. Yoder posits, “Traumas occur in a context, a social setting, with dynamic interactions between the individual and the surrounding society,” and historical trauma is the “cumulative emotional and elizabeth essays crucible, psychological wounding over the lifespan and across generations emanating from on vegetables, massive group trauma.” 40 The wounds of elizabeth proctor essays, Rosewood have extended across generations requiring broad healing. One of the ways to heal from traumatic events is to bring things back to a place of balance.

Therefore, as historic traumatic events like Rosewood lead to is greed essay disorder, disempowerment, and disconnection, healing involves a return of order, empowerment, and reconnection. The healing process begins with a) the acknowledgement of the pain and brokenness, b) the actual grieving of the losses that can range from physical to emotional to spiritual, and c) the desire to begin a journey that may uncover memories and pain that have been hidden and possibly even ignored as a survival mechanism in the face of trauma. As Yoder writes, “Mourning and grieving are essential for finding healing and breaking the cycles. Acknowledging and telling the story counteracts the isolation, silence, fear, shame, or ‘unspeakable’ horror.” 41 The Rosewood Family, led by elizabeth proctor Langley and population essay questions, Davis, began the proctor first steps towards healing when they broke the silence that they maintained for over half a century. The breaking of the silence allowed the actual grieving, mourning, and therefore healing process to begin.

The acknowledgment of the wrong, the grieving of the losses of innocence, possession, and history were experienced through the exercise in truth-telling. In 1994, the Rosewood survivors sought restitution in the amount of $7.2 million, which would provide between $15,000 to $270,000 to the survivors and descendants based on how much they could document their losses. The Rosewood survivors and descendants actually received restitution from the State of Florida totaling $2.1 million, with a maximum amount of on creative writing, $150,000 for remaining survivors and lesser amounts for descendants (some as low as $3,000). A scholarship was also established by elizabeth proctor essays crucible the State for descendants of Rosewood to attend any of the state universities in Florida. The State of Florida intentionally did not call these monetary disbursements reparations because the legislators did not want to set a political precedent of financial reparation in ut austin college application essay, the state and elizabeth proctor, the nation. This decision further minimizes the short writing power of the acknowledgement of the act of terrorism that took place in Rosewood, but also other similar acts that impacted Blacks in Ocoee, Florida; Tulsa, Oklahoma; and other cities throughout the elizabeth essays crucible nation.

42. Having land stolen was a significant component of the physical, emotional, and spiritual pain of the Rosewood residents and their descendants. Unlike the culminating lines of Johnson’s “Lift Every Voice and Sing,” in which being shadowed by the Hand of application essay, God kept them true to God and true to their native land, many in the Rosewood family still do not feel free to return to their native land. This loss of land also has had a significant economic impact, since former Black landowners in Rosewood are no longer able to elizabeth essays pass land down through generations or use it as an asset or form of collateral. This collective loss of land and college essay, place, and the resulting loss of cultural and community memory, are significant breaches in the foundations of the elizabeth proctor crucible Rosewood community that must be restored for college application enduring peace to thrive in the future. The very act of thinking about returning, and even possibly owning land in Rosewood again, is a part of the healing process, as deep healing will become evident when descendants from Rosewood and Sumner live in peace within the same vicinity again. Elizabeth? Since the 1994 awarding of restitution by the State of Florida, there has been limited talk (but talk nonetheless) by some descendants of possibly returning to Rosewood in chuck klosterman football, the future. If this potential is to become reality, those returning to Rosewood will need to maintain their spiritual connection that has sustained them in the decades since the massacre, so that Rosewood can once again become for elizabeth proctor essays crucible them a site of is greed good, peace and not pain. The role of social and cultural memory is an important aspect on the path to peace and restoration after tragedy. Essays Crucible? As the chuck klosterman essays football story of Rosewood continues to be recovered in essays crucible, the collective memory of society, lasting memorials, museums, and markers should be established that help make memories of the good essay past and provide direction for the future. Currently, Rosewood descendants Janie Bradley Black and elizabeth proctor essays, Lizzie Robinson Jenkins both operate separate tours of Rosewood in an effort to enhance broader memory-making.

Black frequently participates in organizations such as Southern Truth and Reconciliation (STAR) and speaks to groups including history departments at universities, thus expanding the knowledge of the Rosewood story. Jenkins has also written a book, The Real Rosewood , that reflects the journey of her family and a few of the on vegetables other Rosewood families. 43 Further, there are a few websites that provide information about elizabeth proctor crucible Rosewood, thus enabling global access to the story of the struggle and the progress of the Rosewood families. Short Courses Writing? 44 Alan Lipke of Race with History: Between Civil War and Civil Rights , has also produced a CD that includes interviews with survivors, descendants, and state officials. All of these efforts recognize the elizabeth essays crucible generational impact of the sharing of on foreign investment in retail, memories and reinforce the role of continuous education to help prevent atrocities like Rosewood from re-occurring in proctor, the future. Partially fictive stories based on the true experiences of the Rosewood massacre have also helped to ensure that it will be remembered by future generations. These stories include those captured in the 1996 book Like Judgment Day: The Ruin and Redemption of a Town Called Rosewood , by Michael D’Orso, and the 1997 movie Rosewood , directed by John Singleton. While based on is greed good essay the history of Rosewood, creative elements have been added to both the book and elizabeth crucible, film. 45 While these two efforts have had a broader reach, it is essay on foreign important to crucible ensure that the memory-making center primarily on elements consistent with the truth-telling and fact-finding components. After the State of Florida’s decision to compensate survivors and descendants, Displays for Schools created a traveling exhibit to educate communities about Rosewood that traveled from 1999 through 2009. Writing? On May 4, 2004, led by the efforts of Lizzie Robinson Jenkins, a permanent Florida Heritage Landmark marker was dedicated in Rosewood by then Florida Governor Jeb Bush.

While the traveling displays and Heritage Landmark are helpful, a more permanent memorial and museum should also be created in Rosewood as a combination of memory and reclamation of sacred space. Yoder links memorials to elizabeth essays healing, indicating, “Memorials can provide a physical place to short on creative writing grieve, a symbolic expression of loss, and comfort that our loved ones will not be unacknowledged or forgotten.” 46 The sacred nature of place should be acknowledged in such a way that the survivors and descendants are able to elizabeth return to their native land and visit the graves of their loved ones without having to ask for egress to the burial site of their family members. As Martha Minow suggests, “Restorative justice seeks to repair the injustice, to make up for it, and to klosterman essays effect corrective changes in the record, in the relationships, and in future behavior.” 47 Similarly, holistic restoration requires a strengthening of broken relationships and an empowering of those who have been disempowered. In 1993, at age eighty, when asked about proctor essays crucible what Rosewood had taken away, Wilson Hall replied, “Taken everything, taken my childhood, my manhood, they took my early education, and everything that I should have had, they took it….I had ‘bout as much taken from me since Rosewood by essay direct investment the Whites, as I had before, but I still can’t hold grudges against the future for the past. So I just try to keep pushing, keep pushing like I still am.” 48 When faced with the deep loss of elizabeth proctor essays crucible, Wilson Hall and others, we know some effort should be made by direct or indirect perpetrators to right the wrongs, even as we also know there are limits to efforts of reparations and restitution. Ut Austin? 49 The aim of the restoration efforts should be empowerment of those who have been disempowered through the essays initial and subsequent acts. Monetary reparations will not restore Hall’s or others’ childhood or personhood, but a repentant society that acknowledges its wrongdoing and its complicity can help restore dignity to those who have been repeatedly violated, both in the initial act and the ongoing lack of recognition of and reparation for on foreign in retail the wrongdoing. In most peacebuilding efforts, the goal is reconciliation. Reconciliation is proctor crucible understood in many ways, including that which gives splintered groups the ability to walk together again. I see reconciliation similar to having a cast placed on a break, which acknowledges that something is broken and is in the process of being put back together.

However, I believe that the ultimate goal for Rosewood should not stop at reconciliation but move toward holistic restoration. Chuck Football? I see restoration as what one has after the cast has been removed and the broken areas now have the strength to hold together without being supported by outside forces, such as a Truth and Reconciliation Commission. This restoration happens because the time and the support of the reconciliation process has allowed for deep healing, enabling what was broken to not only be mended but restored. Holistic restoration includes restoration of elizabeth proctor essays, humanity, restoration to community by is greed righting and repairing relationships, recognition and memory-making of the past, reconciliatory reparations to include restitution of loss where possible, and essays, a commitment to change for future generations. One can be reconciled in the sense that apologies have been made and essays football, people are able to be in the same location without the same intensity of pain. Elizabeth Proctor? Yet, there can still be structural, social, and cultural inequities that lead to a lack of wholeness for individuals, families, and communities in the areas that were broken. With restoration, those areas that were broken and destroyed are not only mended but also restored to their places of strength. As this analogy is applied to the Rosewood massacre, one must ask what happens during the restoration process to previous unhelpful societal elements, such as the race and class dynamics that kept Rosewood and Sumner residents divided. It would be doubly harmful if dynamics such as segregation were reinforced through the restoration process so that the communities could look as they did before the violent breech.

As such, a restoration process needs to operate from principles of justice and equality, acknowledging the challenges of race and class realities while intentionally working through a model that enables forward progress. The peace and restoration model of on creative writing, Rosewood may apply to other communities who desire to uncover and restore their past in an effort to have an internal and external future of peace. Despite some advancement, our American society still has deep wounds and essays, pains that cannot be partially bandaged but must be dealt with directly for healing to take place. Media has historically played a role in exposing and righting wrongs done to persons mistreated in prejudiced societies. As Minnie Langley and Lee Ruth Davis spoke out on the 60 Minutes program, and later the Maury Povich Show in 1993, their story re-exposed the tragedy that had taken place decades before. Yet the work is chuck klosterman essays not finished; current generations should also use media outlets to proctor essays continue to is greed essay teach about both the violent break that occurred in the Rosewood Massacre and proctor, the peaceful move towards restoration that continues. Creating space for learning and discussions about application this tragedy within our nation’s history helps to insure that a tragedy of this magnitude will not happen again. The acknowledgement, correction, or, in many instances, insertion of history is proctor crucible a part of peacebuilding through justice that enables holistic societal restoration. In my view, a return to their native land is critical for restoration for tospovirus on vegetables thesis the Rosewood Family.

How else can complete restoration happen in the midst of diasporic displacement that results in multi-layered generational losses? Families that have drawn strength from each other over elizabeth essays crucible the years must be able to return to the place where their ancestors are buried and teach younger generations about all aspects of chuck essays, their legacy—self-sufficiency, exile, and survival. As Japanese-Americans learned in their quest for reparation following internment during World War II, for reparation to be successful, “it had to be a national effort, not just an effort pursued by Americans of Japanese ancestry.” 50 Similarly, the restoration of Rosewood, and other similar communities like Ocoee, Florida, and Wilmington, North Carolina, must receive national focus, promoting the need for peace and restoration as critical for the future of the entire nation, not just those individuals directly affected by the event. Encounters between the Black and White survivors, perpetrators, and descendants will be important for the possibility of real restoration and peace. While it may not be possible for elizabeth proctor crucible the encounter to happen face to face, it would be helpful for chuck klosterman football both groups to hear and understand the elizabeth crucible stories of each other and then to begin to work towards developing a new story that acknowledges the pains of the past and moves into the possibilities of restoration in the future. Essays Football? This notion of real peace and proctor crucible, restoration is similar to population John Paul Lederach’s description of elizabeth proctor essays, reconciliation as the place where truth and mercy, justice and is greed, peace meet, the social space where people and things come together. 51 Restoring Rosewood requires that Blacks and Whites come together and begin to work through the facing of essays, fears, truth-telling and tospovirus, fact-finding, forgiving, healing, memory-making, and holistic restoration. The story of Rosewood and its journey from pain to proctor crucible power to peace is a story that is still evolving towards true peace.

My model for peace and restoration identifies changes that still need to be made in order for personal and societal restoration to take place. The efforts being made through the annual Rosewood Family Reunions lead me to believe that one day there will be holistic restoration that is not limited to the monetary restitution. We will know it when a return to the native land is possible for Rosewood descendants and the tension between Blacks and ut austin college application, Whites has been transformed from notions of collective pain to collective peace.

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7 Examples of Passive Voice (And How To Fix Them) The sentence construction “(noun) (verb phrase) by proctor essays crucible (noun)” is is greed known as passive voice or passive construction, because the true subject is relegated to the end of the sentence and is thus acted on, rather than acting, which often weakens the statement. The solution is simple: Give the focal point of the sentence its due #8212; “(noun) (verb) (noun),” and demote the false subject to the back of the line. Note that not every passive construction is evil #8212; sometimes what seems to proctor essays crucible, be the population, false subject is worthy of prominence #8212; but a preponderance of passive constructions leads to a wearying read. 1. “There is a considerable range of expertise demonstrated by the spam senders.” The actors in this little drama are the spam spenders #8212; or, to be more active, the proctor, spam senders are the actors in essay investment in retail, this little drama. Direct them center stage, and proctor essays send the weak “there is” opening packing to courses, the provinces: “The spam senders demonstrate a considerable range of expertise.” 2. “It was determined by the committee that the elizabeth proctor crucible, report was inconclusive.” Again, the short, subject is weak and indeterminate. Two actors, the elizabeth, committee and the report, are vying for the lead role here, but committee is the application, bearer of the news about the report, and to place the report the head of the sentence would be to essays, replace one passive sentence with another. Attend to short on creative writing, the actors: “The committee determined that the report was inconclusive.” 3. “We were invited by our neighbors to attend their party.” We is stronger than it as a sentence opener, but “our neighbors” is stronger still: “Our neighbors invited us to attend their party.” 4. “Groups help participants realize that most of their problems and elizabeth crucible secrets are shared by others in the group.” This sentence starts off actively but then turns and bellies up in short writing, the middle; emphasizing “others in essays, the group” over “most of their problems and secrets” makes the sentence more active: “Groups help participants realize that others in the group share most of their problems and secrets.” 5. “The proposed initiative will be bitterly opposed by abortion rights groups.” The content may be about the proposed initiative, but that doesn’t preclude given a sentence about it a more dynamic structure: “Abortion rights groups will bitterly oppose the proposed initiative.” 6. “Minor keys, modal movement, and arpeggios are shared by both musical traditions.” The writer is detailing key information at the head of this sentence, but starting off with the context is stronger: “Both musical traditions share minor keys, modal movement, and arpeggios.” 7. “In this way, the old religion was able to survive the onslaught of new ideas until the old gods were finally displaced by essay on foreign Christianity.” Remember when I wrote that not every passive voice should be targeted for reconstruction? This sentence is more active, but no more correct: “In this way, the old religion was able to essays crucible, survive the onslaught of new ideas until Christianity finally displaced the old gods.” Perhaps the newcomer, Christianity , should also come later in ut austin application essay, the sentence. Again, don’t indiscriminately exterminate passive construction at the expense of the writer’s voice or intent, but do exercise judicial revision to rejuvenate pallid prose.

Subscribe to essays, Receive our Articles and Exercises via Email. You will improve your English in only 5 minutes per day, guaranteed! Subscribers get access to our exercise archives, writing courses, writing jobs and much more! You'll also get three bonus ebooks completely free! Try It Free Now. Is Greed Good. 12 Responses to #8220;7 Examples of proctor essays, Passive Voice (And How To Fix Them)#8221; Andrew Turner on February 12, 2017 3:05 am. If it is a good gripping story,a toss is not going to be given by ones readers about ut austin college, this pedantic tripe! “Groups help participants realize that most of their problems and proctor crucible secrets are shared by is greed good others in the group.” You say this starts out strong, and then goes belly up.

This sentence goes belly up from the start. I had to read it three times to even try to understand what was being talked about, as the first of it left me wondering what this was about. #8220;The Groups Helped participants#8221;, #8220;Those groups were helping participants#8221; makes much more sense and understandable. Then the rest of the proctor essays, sentence fits much nicer together. “Groups help participants realize that most of their problems and secrets are shared by others in the group.” “The groups helped participants realize that most of their problems and secrets were shared by others in their group.” Without the beginning being changed, the rest would not have mattered; because the reader would have been confused at the beginning. This is a great summary. Chuck Essays Football. I#8217;m a communications director for a large agency, and elizabeth I just sent it around to my whole staff.

I#8217;ve had to train almost every new hire out of using passive constructioncollege term paper habits. Your explanation is much clearer than my years of essay investment, hectoring. Each example has #8216;by#8217; which is proctor crucible a clear giveaway that it is football a passive sentence. Changing such a sentence into active voice is not difficult. Many internet articles are written in third person. About 70-80 percent sentences in such articles are in proctor essays crucible, passive voice. I wonder if that is a wrong way to write. Lynne Kuechle on February 18, 2011 1:04 pm. “Last week, the school board#8217;s special study committee approved our new vacation schedule.” The revision requires fewer words, uses active voice, and emphasizes #8220;vacation schedule#8221; by putting it at essay, the end. Mark Nichol on elizabeth proctor February 07, 2011 10:25 pm. Oops. Good catch.

English language 1, spellcheck 0. Trisha Giramma on February 07, 2011 2:51 pm. Typo in explanatory paragraph to tip one spam #8220;spenders#8221;. Population Questions. You make an excellent point with a clear, well-reasoned argument, and I agree with you wholeheartedly. Perhaps I should have extended my final comment to emphasize the cautions you and Levi present. Essays. Of course, as I#8217;ve mentioned elsewhere, my examples are necessarily taken out of essay questions, context. The take-away: Don#8217;t blindly adhere to proctor essays crucible, grammar and short syntax rules, but be able to justify deviation from them. (In “Don’t you see? The patient was murdered by his own doctor!,” the patient is, appropriately, the proctor, subject, and the sentence is more dramatically effective with passive construction.) Right you are. Passive voice is essays often the elizabeth, most appropriate construction. But writers in general too easily and too frequently invert the emphasis in courses writing, a sentence, and the result is listless writing. By all means, employ a passive construction when it fits the context, as in your example.

But make a conscious decision. I applaud Mr. Nichol#8217;s intent, in the interests of a simple, direct sentence, but I am not so sure #8220;the solution is simple,#8221; as stated in the second paragraph. Almost everyone raised in the U.S. school system learned not to use the passive voice, though many people, even as well-educated professionals, do not fully understand what it is. In part, that is because English teachers never provided a full explanation of the passive voice. It has more words than an elizabeth, active structure, and it inverts the natural order (active voice is the default structure of English), so for ut austin college generations, people have been cautioned against using it. What teachers should have told us was to strive for the active voice but recognize that there is proctor nothing wrong with passive and that sometimes it is a more practical choice than the on vegetables, active.

Great writers have used the passive voice when necessary for 300 years. It is an indispensable part of good writing; you simply need to know when to use it and when not to. What teachers failed to teach us was the notion of cohesion. Elizabeth Proctor Essays. If we wrote, #8220;We have a new vacation schedule. It was approved last week by the school board#8217;s special study committee on policies and short courses on creative writing procedures,#8221; we were told to rewrite the second one to make it active. That#8217;s because the teacher looked at the sentence, identified it as having a passive structure and directed us to elizabeth, write it actively. But readers of English do not read sentences in isolation; we read sentences in college application, relation to the one we just read and to the one we are leading into. A sign of good writing is proctor essays whether the reader can breeze through the text, moving fluidly from one thought to the next, easily seeing how they are related.

What the passive voice allows us to do is position a subject up front that seamlessly connects the thought to courses on creative, the previous one. Proctor Essays Crucible. Embedded in the notion of cohesion is the old/new principle. You position #8220;old,#8221; or familiar, information up front, and you withhold new information until later in the sentence. #8220;Familiar#8221; means you referred to short courses on creative writing, this topic in a previous sentence, so it#8217;s not new to the reader. When your brain enters a sentence, it derives most of the meaning from the verb and the object. It does not want to elizabeth essays crucible, confront a new, unfamiliar subject at the start of the sentence because it is jarring and causes a momentary interruption in the flow of the reading.

Using the example above. If the second sentence sentence started with #8220;The school board#8217;s special study committee on policies and procedures,#8221; that would be new information (assuming you did not refer to it previously), and it would be awkward to the reader, who is on foreign direct investment wondering, #8220;What is this?#8221; That active voice also would push the pronoun #8220;it#8221; to a secondary part of the sentence, too far from the previous thought. #8220;It#8221; should be up front in the second sentence to establish that linkage. In such a sequence as this, if there is elizabeth essays crucible a way to make the second sentence active and essay questions still keep #8220;it#8221; or some other reference to the new policy as the subject, then that#8217;s ideal because it accomplishes both goals, efficiency and cohesion. The active voice is terrific, but before you impulsively rush to change a passive structure to an active one, see how both versions will fit with the previous sentence. Levi Montgomery on proctor essays crucible February 03, 2011 12:58 pm. Life#8217;s First Rule of Everything is #8220;Always identify the problem.#8221; If the problem is questions weak writing, it is seldom going to be because of the elizabeth proctor, use of passive voice, and there is short courses nothing about passive voice that inherently requires #8220;fixing.#8221; #8220;Don#8217;t you see?

The patient was murdered by his own doctor!#8221; That#8217;s not a weak sentence, there#8217;s nothing passive about it except in elizabeth proctor, the strict technical sense, and it certainly does not avoid stating agency. But don#8217;t take my word for it: Thank you for the reminder. I do my best not to overuse passive voice but it happens. I won#8217;t eliminate it all together but will be more vigilant. Copyright 2017 Daily Writing Tips . All Right Reserved.

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40 Useful Words and elizabeth essays crucible, Phrases for Top-Notch Essays. The secret to a successful essay doesn’t just lie in courses the clever things you talk about and the way you structure your points. To be truly brilliant, an essay needs to utilise the right language. You could make a great point, but if it’s not intelligently articulated, you almost needn’t have bothered. Developing the proctor crucible, language skills to build an argument and to population write persuasively is crucial if you’re to write outstanding essays every time. In this article, we’re going to equip you with the words and phrases you need to write a top-notch essay, along with examples of elizabeth proctor crucible, how to utilise them.

It’s by no means an exhaustive list, and there will often be other ways of using the words and phrases we describe that we won’t have room to include, but there should be more than enough below to help you make an instant improvement to your essay-writing skills – whether you’re a native English speaker or taking your first steps into writing essays in English. Let’s start by looking at language for general explanations of complex points. Usage : “In order to” can be used to introduce an explanation for the purpose of an argument. Example : “In order to understand X, we need first to chuck essays football understand Y.” Usage : Use “in other words” when you want to express something in a different way (more simply), to make it easier to essays crucible understand, or to emphasise or expand on a point. Example : “Frogs are amphibians.

In other words, they live on the land and in the water.” Usage : This phrase is another way of saying “in other words”, and writing, can be used in particularly complex points, when you feel that an alternative way of proctor essays crucible, wording a problem may help the reader achieve a better understanding of its significance. Example : “Plants rely on essay, photosynthesis. To put it another way, they will die without the elizabeth essays, sun.” Usage : “That is” and “that is to say” can be used to klosterman essays football add further detail to proctor essays your explanation, or to be more precise.

Example : “Whales are mammals. Thesis. That is to say, they must breathe air.” Usage : Use “to that end” or “to this end” in proctor essays a similar way to “in order to” or “so”. Example : “Zoologists have long sought to understand how animals communicate with each other. To that end, a new study has been launched that looks at essay investment in retail, elephant sounds and their possible meanings.” Adding additional information to support a point. Students often make the mistake of elizabeth essays crucible, using synonyms of “and” each time they want to add further information in courses on creative writing support of a point they’re making, or to build an elizabeth proctor argument. Here are some cleverer ways of doing this.

Usage : Employ “moreover” at the start of a sentence to add extra information in ut austin college support of elizabeth, a point you’re making. Example : “Moreover, the results of on vegetables thesis, a recent piece of research provide compelling evidence in support of…” Usage :This is also generally used at the start of a sentence, to elizabeth proctor crucible add extra information. Example : “Furthermore, there is evidence to suggest that…” Usage : This is used in the same way as “moreover” and “furthermore”. Example : “What’s more, this isn’t the only evidence that supports this hypothesis.” Usage : Use “likewise” when you want to chuck essays talk about something that agrees with what you’ve just mentioned.

Example : “Scholar A believes X. Likewise, Scholar B argues compellingly in elizabeth essays crucible favour of this point of view.” Usage : Use “similarly” in population essay the same way as “likewise”. Example : “Audiences at the time reacted with shock to Beethoven’s new work, because it was very different to elizabeth essays crucible what they were used to. Courses Writing. Similarly, we have a tendency to react with surprise to the unfamiliar.” Usage : Use the phrase “another key point to remember” or “another key fact to remember” to introduce additional facts without using the word “also”. Example : “As a Romantic, Blake was a proponent of a closer relationship between humans and nature. Elizabeth Proctor Essays. Another key point to remember is that Blake was writing during the Industrial Revolution, which had a major impact on the world around him.” Usage : Use “as well as” instead of on foreign in retail, “also” or “and”.

Example : “Scholar A argued that this was due to X, as well as Y.” Usage : This wording is used to add an extra piece of information, often something that’s in some way more surprising or unexpected than the first piece of information. Example : “Not only did Edmund Hillary have the honour of being the first to reach the summit of Everest, but he was also appointed Knight Commander of the Order of the British Empire.” Usage : Used when considering two or more arguments at a time. Example : “Coupled with the literary evidence, the statistics paint a compelling view of…” Usage : This can be used to elizabeth essays structure an klosterman football argument, presenting facts clearly one after the other. Example : “There are many points in support of this view.

Firstly, X. Secondly, Y. Elizabeth. And thirdly, Z. 16. Not to chuck klosterman essays football mention/to say nothing of. Usage : “Not to mention” and essays crucible, “to say nothing of” can be used to add extra information with a bit of emphasis. Example : “The war caused unprecedented suffering to millions of people, not to mention its impact on population essay, the country’s economy.” Words and phrases for essays crucible demonstrating contrast.

When you’re developing an argument, you will often need to present contrasting or opposing opinions or evidence – “it could show this, but it could also show this”, or “X says this, but Y disagrees”. On Vegetables. This section covers words you can use instead of the “but” in essays crucible these examples, to make your writing sound more intelligent and interesting. Usage : Use “however” to introduce a point that disagrees with what you’ve just said. Example : “Scholar A thinks this. However, Scholar B reached a different conclusion.”

Usage : Usage of this phrase includes introducing a contrasting interpretation of the same piece of evidence, a different piece of evidence that suggests something else, or an opposing opinion. Example: “The historical evidence appears to suggest a clear-cut situation. On the other hand, the archaeological evidence presents a somewhat less straightforward picture of what happened that day.” Usage : Used in a similar manner to “on the other hand” or “but”. Example : “The historians are unanimous in telling us X, an agreement that suggests that this version of events must be an chuck essays football accurate account. Having said that, the archaeology tells a different story.” Usage : Use “by contrast” or “in comparison” when you’re comparing and contrasting pieces of evidence. Example : “Scholar A’s opinion, then, is proctor based on insufficient evidence.

By contrast, Scholar B’s opinion seems more plausible.” Usage : Use this to short courses writing cast doubt on elizabeth proctor, an assertion. Example : “Writer A asserts that this was the reason for what happened. Then again, it’s possible that he was being paid to courses on creative say this.” Usage : This is used in the same way as “then again”. Example : “The evidence ostensibly appears to point to this conclusion. That said, much of the evidence is unreliable at best.” Usage : Use this when you want to elizabeth introduce a contrasting idea. Example : “Much of scholarship has focused on essay direct investment in retail, this evidence.

Yet not everyone agrees that this is the elizabeth essays, most important aspect of the situation.” Adding a proviso or acknowledging reservations. Sometimes, you may need to acknowledge a shortfalling in a piece of evidence, or add a proviso. Here are some ways of population essay, doing so. Usage : Use “despite this” or “in spite of this” when you want to outline a point that stands regardless of a shortfalling in the evidence. Example : “The sample size was small, but the results were important despite this.”

Usage : Use this when you want your reader to consider a point in the knowledge of essays crucible, something else. Example : “We’ve seen that the methods used in the 19th century study did not always live up to the rigorous standards expected in scientific research today, which makes it difficult to draw definite conclusions. With this in mind, let’s look at college application, a more recent study to see how the proctor essays, results compare.” Usage : This means “on condition that”. You can also say “providing that” or just “providing” to good essay mean the same thing. Example : “We may use this as evidence to essays crucible support our argument, provided that we bear in mind the limitations of the methods used to courses writing obtain it.” Usage : These phrases are used when something has shed light on something else.

Example : “In light of the elizabeth essays, evidence from the 2013 study, we have a better understanding of…” Usage : This is essay questions similar to “despite this”. Example : “The study had its limitations, but it was nonetheless groundbreaking for its day.” Usage : This is the elizabeth, same as “nonetheless”. Example : “The study was flawed, but it was important nevertheless.” Usage : This is another way of saying “nonetheless”. Example : “Notwithstanding the limitations of the essay, methodology used, it was an proctor essays crucible important study in the development of how we view the workings of the human mind.”

Good essays always back up points with examples, but it’s going to get boring if you use the expression “for example” every time. Tospovirus On Vegetables. Here are a couple of other ways of saying the same thing. Example : “Some birds migrate to avoid harsher winter climates. Swallows, for instance, leave the proctor essays, UK in early winter and fly south…” Example : “To give an illustration of what I mean, let’s look at chuck essays football, the case of…” When you want to demonstrate that a point is elizabeth essays particularly important, there are several ways of highlighting it as such. Usage : Used to introduce a point that is loaded with meaning that might not be immediately apparent. Example : “Significantly, Tacitus omits to tell us the kind of good essay, gossip prevalent in Suetonius’ accounts of the proctor, same period.” Usage : This can be used to mean “significantly” (as above), and application, it can also be used interchangeably with “in particular” (the example below demonstrates the first of these ways of elizabeth essays, using it).

Example : “Actual figures are notably absent from is greed good essay, Scholar A’s analysis.” Usage : Use “importantly” interchangeably with “significantly”. Example : “Importantly, Scholar A was being employed by proctor essays crucible X when he wrote this work, and was presumably therefore under pressure to portray the situation more favourably than he perhaps might otherwise have done.” You’ve almost made it to the end of the essay, but your work isn’t over essay, yet. You need to end by wrapping up everything you’ve talked about, showing that you’ve considered the proctor, arguments on is greed good, both sides and proctor, reached the most likely conclusion. Good. Here are some words and phrases to help you. Usage : Typically used to introduce the concluding paragraph or sentence of an essay, summarising what you’ve discussed in a broad overview.

Example : “In conclusion, the evidence points almost exclusively to Argument A.” Usage : Used to signify what you believe to elizabeth essays crucible be the most significant point, and the main takeaway from the essay. Example : “Above all, it seems pertinent to remember that…” Usage : This is questions a useful word to use when summarising which argument you find most convincing. Example : “Scholar A’s point – that Constanze Mozart was motivated by elizabeth essays financial gain – seems to me to population essay questions be the elizabeth essays crucible, most persuasive argument for her actions following Mozart’s death.” Usage : Use in the same way as “persuasive” above. Example : “The most compelling argument is presented by Scholar A.” Usage : This means “taking everything into account”.

Example : “All things considered, it seems reasonable to assume that…” How many of these words and phrases will you get into your next essay? And are any of your favourite essay terms missing from our list? Let us know in the comments below! 221 Responses to “40 Useful Words and klosterman essays, Phrases for elizabeth proctor essays Top-Notch Essays” January 09, 2015 at college application, 8:47 am, Jimmy Tan said: January 23, 2016 at 1:13 am, AN INDIAN said:

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These are reach-me-downs and the ideas you express are poorly connected. For example, ‘As a Romantic, Blake was a proponent of a closer relationship between humans and nature. Another key point to remember is college essay that Blake was writing during the Industrial Revolution, which had a major impact on the world around him.” You link these facts incorrectly – they are not a series of points that are additive. They are causally related, i.e. Elizabeth Proctor Essays Crucible. one is a consequence of the population essay, other. I believe this is better, both logically and stylistically: ‘Romantic writers, including Blake, decried the negative impact of the Industrial Revolution on, amongst other things, society’s connectedness with the proctor crucible, natural world. Football. Consequently he foregrounded the importance of improving the relationship between humankind and nature.’ You also lace your examples with contractions and these have no place in academic writing. September 19, 2016 at elizabeth proctor essays, 11:18 am, Helena said: March 23, 2017 at 5:33 pm, Dr.

Jim Loving said: You are correct. I have taught writing for 40-plus years, and I find many of these suggestions wordy and on vegetables thesis, unnecessary. Proctor Crucible. For instance, “In order to” can simply to be “To.” June 02, 2015 at 1:48 am, phertauwete said: Thanks so much, I got it. June 05, 2015 at 5:17 am, william said: Thank you very much, I’m having my O-level English in population essay questions about 2 hours now and you really helped me. I’m sure i can score an elizabeth essays crucible A now #128512;

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This is helpful! Thanks for sharing! October 06, 2015 at klosterman essays football, 10:59 pm, Joe said: Thanks for the list. I think it would also be helpful to include a list of words to elizabeth proctor essays crucible help express the thoughts of the writers being referenced in the essay, for essay on foreign investment in retail example, “Jacob states that teachers need to consider the elizabeth crucible, learning abilities of tospovirus on vegetables thesis, all students” or “Williams asserts that reading English texts more often can increase the writing skills of ESL learners”. It sometimes becomes boring to keep saying, “so-and-so states that…” October 12, 2015 at proctor essays, 9:07 am, faiz said: This was useful for me. October 14, 2015 at 3:09 am, Lilow W. said: This article was wonderful.

Furthermore, I don’t think my world history grade, as well as my grades in language arts and science, would have been half of what they are now without it. All things considered, this was an amazing article and I recommend it to anyone looking to tospovirus on vegetables give their essay an elizabeth elegant twist. October 15, 2015 at 3:41 pm, Ayushi said: Thanks!! Really a very useful list! October 18, 2015 at 3:29 pm, Missy said:

Really helpful ……………. Thank you guys. October 19, 2015 at 10:49 am, steven O'Donnell said: I would have also included “in fact” October 19, 2015 at 9:42 pm, Tom Howell said: *Gasp* As someone who has studied and takes a modicum of interest in ut austin college essay the English language, and elizabeth crucible, having spent a lifetime writing scientific essays, all I can say is this list of cliches will not aid you in tospovirus your academic pursuits.

This is a categorical list of English don’ts that will undoubtedly be highlight with a sigh, and a comment something along the lines of proctor crucible, “Please, no more” – paraphrased of course. Some of these are inescapable and are useful tools, but please use in moderation. Essay. If you truly wish to crucible improve your writing, consider the essays, use of language in literature you may study as part of your academic endeavours – be it english or technical based. Elizabeth Essays. What makes a writing style worthy of essay on foreign direct, note, and elizabeth proctor essays crucible, what makes it tedious and good, monotonous? The use of elizabeth proctor essays, structure, engaging writing styles, and is greed good essay, even metaphors can be true keys to essay success. December 07, 2015 at 8:24 am, Jeff B. Elizabeth. said: Tom, I must agree. In my English class such cliches as listed here would be highlighted and on foreign direct investment in retail, returned to the student with an proctor essays crucible admonition to chuck klosterman essays “please use your own words,” or something to that effect. As I like to joke, “Cliches should be avoided like the plague.” October 20, 2015 at 8:22 pm, yoursif said:

October 22, 2015 at elizabeth proctor essays crucible, 5:00 pm, nur amira said: thanks it was indeed helpful. November 02, 2015 at 1:11 pm, sania said: really..its very helpful. im unanimous in ut austin essay asserting that how this has engendered an advantageous impact..in my result. November 12, 2015 at 10:59 am, Alex said: This is so great… thanks for the A grade. November 16, 2015 at 1:22 pm, Chala said: Thanks a lot for this helpful article. One question though:

The example given for crucible phrase 12 “Scholar A argued that this was due to klosterman essays X, as well as Y.” has a comma included after “X”, but isn’t a serial comma incorrect in elizabeth proctor a series of two items? November 21, 2015 at 9:05 pm, Yo said: November 26, 2015 at 5:29 pm, courage said: thanks very much.very useful we look forward for other posts. November 29, 2015 at 1:13 am, Joey said: I don’t really feel comfortable using firstly, secondly, thirdly to introduce new points… does anyone else feel the same? December 07, 2015 at 7:58 am, Jeff B. said: While some of the suggestions in this article are valuable, I am going to chuck klosterman essays have to agree with Tom Howell about the use of cliches. Proctor Crucible. Many of the population essay, phrases suggested (e.g. “To put it another way” and “Another key thing to proctor remember”) are cliches, and short, should be avoided in original writing. Another note: this article recommends the use of proctor crucible, “In conclusion” to introduce the conclusion. My suggestion is to college application avoid it, and I am not the only one who feels this way.

To quote the Writing Center at Harvard University: summary,’ and ‘to sum up.’ These phrases can be. useful–even welcome–in oral presentations. Essays Crucible. But. readers can see, by population questions the tell-tale compression of elizabeth proctor, the. pages, when an population questions essay is about to end. You’ll irritate. your audience if you belabor the obvious.” If your readers cannot figure out proctor essays, that from reading your text that you are presenting your conclusion, then your conclusion has more problems than simply the introduction to it. December 07, 2015 at 8:03 am, Jeff B. said: Note: In my comment above, I should have specified “for college-level writing… and above.” Further, I will say that sometimes, indeed, “In conclusion” can be a useful phrase, but in application essay many if not most cases it should be avoided.

December 07, 2015 at 10:43 am, Jeff B. said: * Assuming, of course, that my “comment above” is actually posted after it undergoes “moderation.” Otherwise my note makes no sense… December 07, 2015 at 8:25 pm, pavla said: put (or set) the record straight. December 09, 2015 at 12:42 pm, Ahsan said: Really great info. I will use these words in content of proctor essays crucible, my site in order to get best rankings. December 09, 2015 at essay on foreign investment, 8:48 pm, khalid Benameur said: really these are benificial words to use and elizabeth crucible, Iam going to use them. December 10, 2015 at 1:51 pm, cp8 said: This is easily the essays football, go-to site when I write essays.

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Formatting Your Dissertation in Word. After all the work of writing your dissertation, there's one last hurdle. The document must be formatted correctly for the Graduate School to accept it. This article details procedures to format a Word document to meet those guidelines. These procedures are, of course, useful for formatting other documents as well. The Graduate School makes its dissertation format guidelines available online at http://info.gradsch.wisc.edu/admin/academicservices/pguide.html.

This article contains excerpted information from that web site along with related techniques, and some problems and solutions. It is not intended to replace the guidelines themselves; it is simply a guide to implementing some of them in Word. You may put unusual or supplementary materials (such as questionnaires or copies of photographs) into appendices. Number the appendices consecutively with the text of the dissertation. The margins of the elizabeth essays, appendices must meet the is greed, standards for the rest of the essays crucible, dissertation. You may want to make each appendix or the collection of appendices into a separate section or even a separate file. Thesis! This is not necessary, as the proctor essays, formatting should be identical to the primary document. It can be helpful for printing, or if you want to sort alphabetically, or just to keep your document more structured and facilitate movement within the document. To add a section break: Go to Insert , then select Break . In the tospovirus on vegetables thesis, Break menu, you will probably want to go with Next Page - the default.

This will help you ensure that your appendices each start on elizabeth proctor crucible a new page. The bibliography should meet your major department's style requirements, which often conform to the leading journals or book series of the field. It may be single-spaced with an additional space between entries. To set line spacing: Go to the Format menu. Select Paragraph , and select the Indents and Spacing tab. Equations, Superscripts, and Subscripts. Equations, superscripts, and subscripts are acceptable provided they are legible when microfilmed. Generally, superscripts and is greed good, subscripts may be one size smaller than the text. To identify each equation clearly, please isolate it with double spacing.

To insert a subscript or superscript: Select the text you want to format as superscript or subscript. On the Format menu, click Font , and then click the essays crucible, Font tab. Select the Superscript or Subscript check box. To insert an ut austin application equation: Click where you want to insert the equation. On the Insert menu, click Object , and then click the Create New tab. In the Object type box, click Microsoft Equation 3.0 . Click OK . Build the equation by selecting symbols from the Equation toolbar and by typing variables and numbers. To return to Microsoft Word, click the Word document. From the top row of the Equation toolbar, you can choose mathematical symbols.

From the bottom row, you can choose templates or frameworks that contain symbols such as fractions, integrals, and summations. Problem : You have created an equation with the Equation Editor in Word 2000. Once you exit from the editor you can no longer edit the equation. Solution : In order to re-open the Equation Editor to proctor crucible, edit an equation you have previously created, all you need to tospovirus thesis, do is proctor crucible click on the equation, so that the rectangle containing it is highlighted. Then, right-click to get a menu of choices. Footnotes and endnotes may be single-spaced with an on creative extra space between notes. Follow the preference of your major department when deciding where footnotes or endnotes should be placed in your text. To insert a footnote: In Print Layout view, click where you want to essays crucible, insert the note reference mark. Click Insert , Reference , and Footnote . Click Footnotes or Endnotes . By default, Word places footnotes at on creative writing the end of each page and endnotes at the end of the document.

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Press Ctrl-Alt-d to insert an endnote. When you add, delete, or move notes that are automatically numbered, Word renumbers the footnote and endnote reference marks. Problem : You have a paper for a journal that requires the footnotes be endnotes. Elizabeth Essays Crucible! But you want the endnotes to come before your references and such. One option would be to population essay questions, put the references in a separate file, but is there a way to proctor essays crucible, do this and leave it all in one file? Solution : When you are setting up endnotes, you can select whether you want to ut austin application essay, put them at the end of the document or at the end of the section. Crucible! You can place a section break before your references, and select end of section, and short courses on creative writing, your endnotes will follow the text, but precede the reference section.

Problem : You have a Word document with footnotes. Someone (maybe you) was working on it, using WordPerfect. The conversion back and forth messed up the footnote format. Solution : The two formats are not quite compatible. To repair, the easiest way is to work with each footnote individually. Copy the text of the footnote, and then delete the WordPerfect footnote, which showed up as a box rather than a number.

You can then create a Word footnote, which is numbered properly, and pasted the text in. This works, and keeps the number sequence intact. On the other hand, sticking with one program will avoid this and elizabeth proctor, many similar problems entirely. You may include quotations in languages other than English in your dissertation. Tospovirus! However, the elizabeth proctor crucible, dissertation itself must be in courses writing English unless your department certifies that one or both of the following conditions have been met: the foreign language is elizabeth proctor crucible that of the readers to essay on foreign direct in retail, whom the work is addressed; or translation into English would make the study obscure and essays, imprecise. Note that some foreign language fonts and is greed good, spell-checking are available on the Winstat servers. Computer generated figures and graphs must meet the same standards as the rest of the dissertation. Complete original material with a permanent, non-water soluble black ink. Do not use pencils, ball point, or felt tip pens. Elizabeth Proctor Essays Crucible! Labels on photographs, charts, or other figures must be permanent. Headings, keys, and all other identifying information must be of the same quality of chuck klosterman football print as the proctor crucible, text.

If graphics, tables, or figures are in tospovirus landscape mode, place the top of the printed page at the dissertation binding edge (left side of the paper) with the page number in the upper right-hand corner in the portrait page setup. To insert an elizabeth image, you really only need to population essay questions, know the name and location of the image file: Within the document, place the elizabeth proctor essays crucible, cursor where you want the image to be inserted. Go to the Insert menu, and select Picture , and tospovirus on vegetables, then From File . Proctor Crucible! Select the image. It will be inserted into the document. Questions! You can use the Picture or Drawing toolbars to manipulate it. The Word Help menu has step-by-step instructions.

Be careful not to change the proportions of the image, such as changing the height without changing the width. This is especially important with graphs. Use a minimum of 1 margin on proctor crucible all four sides. To set margins: Click on File . Click on Page Setup . Click on the Margins tab, and edit the settings for chuck klosterman essays the left, right, top and bottom margins.

Page numbers are required and must be placed in the upper right-hand corner one inch from both the top and the side of the elizabeth crucible, paper. The title page and the copyright page are not counted in the numbering of pages. All other pages are. Number the preliminary pages (for example, dedication page, acknowledgments page, table of tables, and abstract) that precede the main text with lower case Roman numerals beginning with i. Number the ut austin college essay, main text consecutively beginning with Arabic numeral 1 in the upper right-hand corner one inch from both top and elizabeth proctor essays crucible, side of the paper. Check your dissertation to ensure that all pages are present and in numerical order. Number appendices consecutively with the text, continuing the good, Arabic numeral sequence. To insert page numbers:

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Problem : You have a page break that you don't want in your document. Solution : You should be able to just delete this using the Delete or Backspace key. This may leave you with some formatting problems, though, which you can find and correct using What's This? or Reveal Formatting . Problem : How can you keep text from being split up across pages? Solution : You simply highlight the whole area, and elizabeth essays, choose Format , Paragraph , choose the on vegetables thesis, Line and Page Breaks tab, and check Keep lines together . Note that this can lead to some awkward page breaks, if the blocks that are kept together are very large. To undo this protection, you can turn off Widow/Orphan Protection, and Keep Lines Together. [both? not just undo what you just did?] Problem : You and your advisor are both editing the document and proctor essays crucible, you want to short on creative, be able to see your advisor's suggestions without necessarily accepting them. Solution : You can both use the elizabeth proctor essays, features found on ut austin the Review toolbar.

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