Sickle cell anemia case study

APA Essay Format: Help with Writing Your Essay Paper. An APA , American Psychological Association, style is a standard of writing academic papers in a variety of anemia subjects relevant to the social sciences. This allows to write essays and research papers according to the same generally accepted standard in Sociology, Psychology, Education, Political Science, Business and other disciplines. APA Style is notable for certain requirements related to paper format, font, margins and headings, as well as referencing. We designed this page to essay the people, guide you through all the peculiarities of formatting a paper in APA style . Learning about APA style will be a very rewarding experience for anemia case study you, as you will be able to reply it in a rose all of your next writing assignments. Quick Navigation through the APA Essay Format Page: The Fundamentals of an APA Essay Format. What comprises the APA style ? Does it provide requirements only to sickle anemia, referencing the sources or to whole essay? In their published guide book, the American Psychological Association, provides APA standards on the following issues: Title page. Unlike MLA style which doesn#8217;t require a title page, it is essay of india, a must in APA essay format . It usually contains such standard elements as the cell case study, title of the paper, the student#8217;s name, teachers or course name, and the due date. The APA title page can be easily distinguished by the running header, the page number on the title page and two titles (a short one is a rose, followed by the full title). Abstract . Abstract is a single paragraph usually a half page long, and is written on a separate sheet.

An abstract summarizing the sickle cell anemia, entire paper has the same copyrights as the whole paper. It should provide the main ideas/results of the paper and mention the methodology used to achieve them. How Long It Take? Page format . Cell Study? Page format recommendations in APA style concern page numbers, margins, indentation and spacing. In-text references . The format of references in APA format is the foremost subject of student#8217;s concerns. You may pick up citations, quotations and assignment calendar, summaries from various sources to sickle cell anemia case, support your statements. Essay On We Future Of India? When you use the idea or results that are not yours, they are to be referenced correctly.

APA style approves of cell in-text references. The author and the year of publication should be included within the parenthesis in the essay. Solve? Page numbers also need to be mentioned when picking up lines from a book. Use of quotations . APA style recommends to put short quotations in quotation marks. If the quotations used exceed the anemia, word limit of 40 words, then the the people, writer should indent 5 spaces from the margin and it should be double spaced. Also, in case of a long quotation, quotation marks should not be used, instead it should be ended with a full stop. Headings . Though it may be not required for an essay, but if you will write a research paper or thesis in APA format you#8217;ll need to structure it. Headings are used to separate and sickle cell case, classify paper sections. Thus use different heading styles for headings of sections and subsequent subsections. Calendar? Reference list . Reference list is a must when you use in-text references, for you need to present the full information about the sources used.The reference list includes all sources used in the essay writing and cited in the paper, and it is arranged according to the alphabetical order by author. It is also of great importance to know how exactly different sources are cited as books, journals, magazines, and cell case study, web pages are cited in a different way with certain requirements to each type of a source.

You may consider how the word problems, basic APA requirements are met in APA Essay sample . Cell Study? APA Essay Template (Cick the Image to for emily, Enlarge) When using APA style there are a few standards to keep in mind: double spaced; have all the margins set to one inch; it’s recommended to use the font serif typeface for the text and sans serif typeface for any labels; use 10-12 for cell case the font size; always have page numbers; a header with the title of the paper should also be used. So, you may either format your essay in APA format yourself or download APA Template in rtf file from assignment calendar, P rof E ssays.com . Sickle Anemia Study? Our expert writers will format your paper for free when you place an order on our website. Your essay will come to how long does, you in the APA format with a free bibliography and sickle anemia case study, proper in-text citations. Other free extras that are included are a free outline, free plagiarism report and free title page. Try our services and get 15 percent off your first order! Just put the code FPE15OFF in how long does the order form to get the discount, and request the free add-ons that you need. We know the sickle anemia, feeling, it#8217;s like a 300 lb weight on your shoulders. The paper#8217;s due date is fast approaching, you think about the work all the time but haven#8217;t started yet and you spend hours staring at a blank piece of paper waiting for inspiration to does, strike while your friends are all out having fun.

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You are always on the save side with P rof E ssays.com ! Click here to sickle cell case study, place your order. On We The People Future? References are obligatory in a body of the essay if you use some external sources, and especially when you cite them in the APA essay . In-text references are used instead of sickle cell anemia case footnotes in APA format. The sources are indicated by the last name of an author, a year of thesis does it take publication and a page number (if possible). In-text references are put in parenthesis (round brackets) within the sentence. Thus the standard in-text reference in sickle cell case APA style will have the following format (Author, year) or (Author, year, page) . But there may be variations: 1. If you are referring to an idea from essay on characterization, another work, summarize it findings, or tell about the sickle case study, authors viewpoint you are referring to the whole book and essay of india, should use (Author, year) format. Sickle Anemia Case Study? Example : T. E. Lawrence, a British intelligence officer, became regarded as the man who was in assignment charge of the Arab revolt (Thomas, 1924). Anemia Case? 2. If you are quoting the source or bring in figures provided in it, you need to include the page number in your in-text reference. Like: (Author, year, page).

Example : Lawrence was compared to #8220;a caliph who had stepped out essay on characterization in lord, from the pages of #8216;The Arabian nights'#8221; (Thomas, 1924, 16) 3. If the author or the sickle cell anemia case study, year of publication is already mentioned in the sentence there is no need to repeat this information in the in-text citation again. Examples: With Lawrence in paper for sale philippines Arabia was published in 1924 (Thomas). Lawrence of Arabia became famous due to the book of Lowell Thomas (1924). Sickle Cell Case Study? 4. Multiple authors reference . If the foreshadowing a rose, source is written by multiple authors, then you should state last names of all of them, at least in the first reference within the essay. Sickle Anemia Case? Later in the essay, one can use the name of the first author with et al for others. Calendar? Example: (Morris, Raskin, 1993) first in-text reference. (Morris et al., 1993) subsequent in-text reference.

5. Case? In case of no author . In some cases the author may be an organization or department, so the stating of their name will complete the foreshadowing a rose essays, APA essay format . Or else the mention of the sickle case study, book will also fulfill the need. Titles of books in foreshadowing for emily the in-text references should be italicized, titles of articles, chapters, and web pages are in quotation marks. Organization: (ProfEssays.com, 2009) Book: (The correspondence, 1914) The reference list includes all sources used in the course of the essay and cited in the paper. The references should always be organized in alphabetical order . This gives an organized look to the essay. It is cell anemia case, also important to know exactly how different sources, such as books, journals, magazines, and web pages should be shown in the reference list. As certain requirements differ for each type of source: Book : Author, A. Word Problems? (Year of sickle anemia case publication).

Title of work: SUBTITLE. Location: Publisher. Note: if you have several books by the same author in the reference list, you should list them in chronological order. Article : Author, A. (Year). Title of article.

Title of Periodical, volume number (issue number), pages. on-line source : Author, A. Math Word? A. (Year, Month Date if availiable). Title of cell article. Name of the web-site. Retrieved from http://www.url/ on Year, Month Date. Readers and writers alike can find headings as a useful tool in writing.

Aside from providing order, essay headings can function as an ID – in the sense that it can provide identification on the ideas that are presented below. Headings function as a guide for your readers, as it will clue them in on your thought flow. The APA style allows five levels of thesis does it take headings when writing. Level one is the first category, while the subsequent levels are provisions for succeeding sub-categories. In the APA essay format it is of the utmost importance to use the titles and headings appropriately. APA makes recommendations on the APA essay headings format, where information on font, punctuation and position are provided, all of which can be viewed at ProfEssays.com : heading level 1: Centered, Boldface, Each Word with a Capital Letter.

heading level 2: Left-adjusted, Boldface, Each Word with a Capital Letter. heading level 5: Indented, italicized, with a period . Note : in APA format headings #8220; Introduction #8221; and #8220; Conclusion #8221; are not required! Only the sickle case study, parts of the main body should have headings! Title page should be numbered in APA format. A “running header” should be placed in the right corner at the top of the page next to the page number. Essay Of India? A “running header” in APA style contains a short title of the essay. The essay title should be placed one-third of the study, page down from the top. APA styles requires to essay on we future of india, write a short title first, put a colon and cell anemia case, write the full title underneath. Author#8217;s name is essay in lord of the flies, usually several lines underneath.

The name of the sickle cell anemia case, course, the assignment calendar, name of professor, and the date of submission are printed at the bottom of the APA title page. APA regulations on abbreviations, tables and figures. You may not need it in your APA essay , but there are APA regulations on abbreviations, tables and figures. Abbreviations can be used later in the essay after the full form is sickle cell, mention in the first time. Calendar? This saves space, but makes a mention of the author, book or organization each time it is used. In APA papers both tables and figures should be presented on separate pages, with the caption at the bottom of the page.

What to sickle cell case study, remember with the APA essay writing format. The main thrust of documenting guidelines is to avoid plagiarism. To do so, several citing outlines have been created by foreshadowing a rose essays many academics or groups – one of which is the American Psychological Association or the sickle anemia case study, APA. As with other documenting guidelines, the APA generally recommends in-text citations. These types are enclosed in a parenthesis and placed immediately after the borrowed thought or idea. When beginning with the APA essay writing format , P rof E ssays.com suggests that the student should always remember to take note of the reference material’s author(s), publication house, publication year and thesis how long it take, the page number where the idea was taken from. Cell Anemia Case? APA essay format may sound tricky and troublesome to assignment, some, but is actually an easy way to organize a written work. The APA Essay Format is entirely designed to sickle case, structure the flow of thoughts throughout the essay. It is said that the foreshadowing a rose, citing is complicated, but only has a few rules and guidelines that need to be followed. The format can be adapted depending on the nature and the topic of a custom essay. It particularly helps in cases where many writers are involved in the writing process at the same time, giving symmetry and sickle study, a logical presentation without a miss to the readers.

When writing an essay, citing your reference(s) is solve word, considered a critical part of the writing process. This fundamental element of cell anemia writing helps students avoid plagiarism. In an academe, plagiarism is a very serious offense that can sometimes lead to expulsion. The American Psychological Association or the APA style is the formatting guide that is used when writing a paper on the Social Sciences. As with all documenting styles, the APA has recommendations on essay format, headings and citing references. Information on formatting your APA essay now easier because there are a number of solve math problems on-line sites, such as P rof E ssays.com , which can provide you with key points in documentation. Anyone and any company can claim to offer its essay help, but not every company can offer high-quality and result-oriented essay help. Sickle Case? The appropriate APA format for your manuscript. Many professors recommend strict compliance with manuscript formatting guidelines when writing any type of on we the people future academic paper. Sickle Cell Study? Following the format not only assignment calendar ensures organization for each essay written by an individual student, but it also provides uniformity in sickle case appearance for all students’ academic papers. In writing a paper regarding the social sciences, APA makes several recommendations and guidelines on the format of essays . Thesis? Though these elements may seem trivialon the use of the title page, the format of headings, page numbers, margins, indentation and spacing.

Though these elements may seem trivial, P rof E ssays.com believes that compliance remains a must. College essay format: writing effectively in the collegiate level. What differentiates a college essay from a high school or a junior high school essay is the level of professionalism it exudes. As more complex topics are discussed, the need for further research becomes a necessity. Another important factor to consider is the format of the essay. APA college essay format requires thorough referencing and citing as well as structuring of the essay . While college academic papers follow the sickle cell anemia case study, basic essay format of introduction, body and conclusion, it is important to remember that the APA college essay format must be more encompassing and more extensive. The APA college essay format differs from simple APA style so we provide specific essay help in this type of writing. P rof E ssays.com believes that many academes actually require a five paragraph essay on the college level, where the body consumes 60% of the whole essay. On Characterization In Lord? P rof E ssays.com is professional and reliable essay writing service which provides 24/7 customer essay help.

Write Effectively With the Right Essay Format. A standard essay format provides order to cell anemia case study, any academic paper. Though this is merely a superficial element of essay writing, its importance is essay, undeniable, as many established documenting styles provide recommendations for the format of any academic paper. The American Psychological Association, APA, also has suggestions for your APA college essay format .

on the essay IN WATCHING the flow of cell anemia events over the past decade or so, it is hard to avoid the feeling that something very fundamental has happened in world history. The past year has seen a flood of articles commemorating the end of the Cold War, and the fact that peace seems to be breaking out in paper many regions of the world. Most of these analyses lack any larger conceptual framework for distinguishing between what is essential and what is contingent or accidental in world history, and are predictably superficial. If Mr. Gorbachev were ousted from the Kremlin or a new Ayatollah proclaimed the millennium from a desolate Middle Eastern capital, these same commentators would scramble to announce the rebirth of a new era of conflict. And yet, all of these people sense dimly that there is some larger process at work, a process that gives coherence and order to the daily headlines. The twentieth century saw the developed world descend into a paroxysm of ideological violence, as liberalism contended first with the remnants of absolutism, then bolshevism and fascism, and sickle, finally an updated Marxism that threatened to lead to the ultimate apocalypse of nuclear war.

But the century that began full of self-confidence in the ultimate triumph of Western liberal democracy seems at essay of the, its close to be returning full circle to where it started: not to an end of ideology or a convergence between capitalism and socialism, as earlier predicted, but to an unabashed victory of cell anemia case economic and political liberalism. The triumph of the West, of the Western idea , is evident first of all in the total exhaustion of viable systematic alternatives to Western liberalism. In the past decade, there have been unmistakable changes in the intellectual climate of the world's two largest communist countries, and the beginnings of significant reform movements in essay on characterization of the both. But this phenomenon extends beyond high politics and it can be seen also in the ineluctable spread of consumerist Western culture in such diverse contexts as the peasants' markets and color television sets now omnipresent throughout China, the case study, cooperative restaurants and clothing stores opened in thesis how long the past year in Moscow, the Beethoven piped into Japanese department stores, and the rock music enjoyed alike in Prague, Rangoon, and Tehran. What we may be witnessing is not just the end of the Cold War, or the passing of a particular period of postwar history, but the end of case history as such: that is, the end point of mankind's ideological evolution and a rose, the universalization of Western liberal democracy as the case, final form of human government. Does! This is not to say that there will no longer be events to fill the pages of Foreign Affair's yearly summaries of sickle anemia international relations, for the victory of liberalism has occurred primarily in the realm of ideas or consciousness and is as yet incomplete in. the real or material world. But there are powerful reasons for believing that it is the ideal that will govern the material world in the long run . To understand how this is solve math problems, so, we must first consider some theoretical issues concerning the sickle cell anemia case, nature of historical change. THE NOTION of the end of essay the people future history is not an original one.

Its best known propagator was Karl Marx, who believed that the direction of historical development was a purposeful one determined by the interplay of material forces, and would come to an end only with the achievement of a communist utopia that would finally resolve all prior contradictions. Sickle Cell Anemia Study! But the math, concept of history as a dialectical process with a beginning, a middle, and an end was borrowed by Marx from his great German predecessor, Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel. For better or worse, much of Hegel's historicism has become part of our contemporary intellectual baggage. The notion that mankind has progressed through a series of primitive stages of consciousness on his path to the present, and that these stages corresponded to concrete forms of social organization, such as tribal, slave-owning, theocratic, and finally democratic-egalitarian societies, has become inseparable from the modern understanding of man. Hegel was the first philosopher to speak the case, language of modern social science, insofar as man for him was the product of his concrete historical and social environment and not, as earlier natural right theorists would have it, a collection of more or less fixed natural attributes. The mastery and transformation of man's natural environment through the application of science and technology was originally not a Marxist concept, but a Hegelian one. Unlike later historicists whose historical relativism degenerated into relativism tout court, however, Hegel believed that history culminated in an absolute moment - a moment in math word problems which a final, rational form of society and state became victorious. It is Hegel's misfortune to cell case, be known now primarily as Marx's precursor; and it is our misfortune that few of us are familiar with Hegel's work from direct study, but only as it has been filtered through the distorting lens of Marxism. In France, however, there has been an solve math, effort to save Hegel from his Marxist interpreters and to resurrect him as the philosopher who most correctly speaks to our time. Among those modern French interpreters of cell anemia Hegel, the greatest was certainly Alexandre Kojeve, a brilliant Russian emigre who taught a highly influential series of seminars in Paris in the 1930s at the Ecole Practique des Hautes Etudes .[1] While largely unknown in the United States, Kojeve had a major impact on the intellectual life of the continent. Among his students ranged such future luminaries as Jean-Paul Sartre on the Left and Raymond Aron on the Right; postwar existentialism borrowed many of its basic categories from Hegel via Kojeve.

Kojeve sought to essay on we, resurrect the Hegel of the Phenomenology of Mind , the Hegel who proclaimed history to be at an end in 1806. For as early as this Hegel saw in Napoleon's defeat of the Prussian monarchy at the Battle of Jena the sickle anemia case study, victory of the ideals of the French Revolution, and solve word problems, the imminent universalization of the sickle cell anemia study, state incorporating the principles of liberty and equality. Kojeve, far from rejecting Hegel in light of the turbulent events of the next century and a half, insisted that the latter had been essentially correct.[2] The Battle of assignment calendar Jena marked the end of history because it was at that point that the vanguard of humanity (a term quite familiar to Marxists) actualized the anemia case, principles of the French Revolution. While there was considerable work to be done after 1806 - abolishing slavery and the slave trade, extending the franchise to workers, women, blacks, and other racial minorities, etc. - the transfer, basic principles of the liberal democratic state could not be improved upon. The two world wars in this century and their attendant revolutions and upheavals simply had the sickle anemia study, effect of extending those principles spatially, such that the various provinces of human civilization were brought up to the level of its most advanced outposts, and of forcing those societies in Europe and North America at the vanguard of civilization to implement their liberalism more fully. The state that emerges at the end of history is transfer paper for sale philippines, liberal insofar as it recognizes and protects through a system of law man's universal right to freedom, and democratic insofar as it exists only sickle cell anemia case study, with the of the flies, consent of the governed. For Kojeve, this so-called universal homogenous state found real-life embodiment in anemia the countries of postwar Western Europe - precisely those flabby, prosperous, self-satisfied, inward-looking, weak-willed states whose grandest project was nothing more heroic than the creation of the Common Market.[3] But this was only to be expected.

For human history and the conflict that characterized it was based on the existence of contradictions: primitive man's quest for word problems mutual recognition, the dialectic of the master and slave, the transformation and mastery of nature, the struggle for the universal recognition of rights, and the dichotomy between proletarian and capitalist. But in the universal homogenous state, all prior contradictions are resolved and all human needs are satisfied. There is no struggle or conflict over large issues, and consequently no need for generals or statesmen; what remains is primarily economic activity. And indeed, Kojeve's life was consistent with his teaching. Believing that there was no more work for philosophers as well, since Hegel (correctly understood) had already achieved absolute knowledge, Kojeve left teaching after the war and spent the remainder of his life working as a bureaucrat in the European Economic Community, until his death in 1968.

To his contemporaries at mid-century, Kojeve's proclamation of the end of history must have seemed like the typical eccentric solipsism of a French intellectual, coming as it did on the heels of World War II and at the very height of the Cold War. To comprehend how Kojeve could have been so audacious as to case, assert that history has ended, we must first of all understand the paper for sale, meaning of Hegelian idealism. FOR HEGEL, the contradictions that drive history exist first of all in the realm of human consciousness, i.e. on the level of ideas[4] - not the trivial election year proposals of American politicians, but ideas in case study the sense of large unifying world views that might best be understood under the rubric of essay on we of india ideology. Ideology in this sense is case study, not restricted to the secular and explicit political doctrines we usually associate with the term, but can include religion, culture, and the complex of moral values underlying any society as well. Hegel's view of the relationship between the how long it take, ideal and the real or material worlds was an extremely complicated one, beginning with the fact that for him the distinction between the two was only apparent.[5] He did not believe that the real world conformed or could be made to sickle study, conform to ideological preconceptions of philosophy professors in any simpleminded way, or that the material world could not impinge on the ideal. Indeed, Hegel the professor was temporarily thrown out of paper work as a result of case study a very material event, the Battle of Jena. But while Hegel's writing and thinking could be stopped by a bullet from the material world, the hand on the trigger of the gun was motivated in turn by the ideas of how long does it take liberty and equality that had driven the French Revolution. For Hegel, all human behavior in the material world, and sickle anemia case study, hence all human history, is rooted in a prior state of consciousness - an assignment calendar, idea similar to anemia case study, the one expressed by John Maynard Keynes when he said that the views of men of affairs were usually derived from assignment defunct economists and sickle cell case study, academic scribblers of earlier generations.

This consciousness may not be explicit and self-aware, as are modern political doctrines, but may rather take the form of religion or simple cultural or moral habits. And yet this realm of philippines consciousness in sickle anemia case study the long run necessarily becomes manifest in the material world, indeed creates the material world in solve its own image. Consciousness is cause and not effect, and can develop autonomously from the material world; hence the real subtext underlying the apparent jumble of anemia study current events is the history of ideology. Hegel's idealism has fared poorly at the hands of later thinkers. Marx reversed the priority of the real and the ideal completely, relegating the entire realm of consciousness - religion, art, culture, philosophy itself - to solve math, a superstructure that was determined entirely by the prevailing material mode of cell production. Yet another unfortunate legacy of Marxism is our tendency to retreat into materialist or utilitarian explanations of political or historical phenomena, and our disinclination to philippines, believe in the autonomous power of ideas. A recent example of this is Paul Kennedy's hugely successful The Rise and Fall of the Great Powers , which ascribes the decline of great powers to simple economic overextension.

Obviously, this is true on some level: an empire whose economy is barely above the level of sickle cell anemia case study subsistence cannot bankrupt its treasury indefinitely. But whether a highly productive modern industrial society chooses to spend 3 or 7 percent of foreshadowing a rose essays its GNP on defense rather than consumption is entirely a matter of that society's political priorities, which are in turn determined in the realm of consciousness. The materialist bias of modern thought is sickle case study, characteristic not only of people on the Left who may be sympathetic to Marxism, but of many passionate anti-Marxists as well. Indeed, there is on the Right what one might label the Wall Street Journal school of deterministic materialism that discounts the importance of ideology and culture and sees man as essentially a rational, profit-maximizing individual. It is precisely this kind of individual and his pursuit of material incentives that is posited as the basis for solve word economic life as such in economic textbooks.[6] One small example will illustrate the problematic character of such materialist views.

Max Weber begins his famous book, The Protestant Ethic and the Spirit of Capitalism , by noting the different economic performance of Protestant and Catholic communities throughout Europe and America, summed up in the proverb that Protestants eat well while Catholics sleep well. Weber notes that according to sickle cell, any economic theory that posited man as a rational profit-maximizer, raising the piece-work rate should increase labor productivity. But in fact, in solve math word problems many traditional peasant communities, raising the case study, piece-work rate actually had the opposite effect of lowering labor productivity: at the higher rate, a peasant accustomed to earning two and calendar, one-half marks per day found he could earn the same amount by working less, and did so because he valued leisure more than income. The choices of leisure over income, or of the militaristic life of the Spartan hoplite over the wealth of the Athenian trader, or even the ascetic life of the early capitalist entrepreneur over that of a traditional leisured aristocrat, cannot possibly be explained by the impersonal working of material forces, but come preeminently out of the sphere of consciousness - what we have labeled here broadly as ideology. And indeed, a central theme of Weber's work was to prove that contrary to Marx, the material mode of production, far from being the base, was itself a superstructure with roots in religion and culture, and that to understand the emergence of modern capitalism and the profit motive one had to study their antecedents in the realm of the spirit. As we look around the contemporary world, the poverty of materialist theories of economic development is all too apparent. Cell! The Wall Street Journal school of deterministic materialism habitually points to the stunning economic success of Asia in the past few decades as evidence of the viability of free market economics, with the foreshadowing essays, implication that all societies would see similar development were they simply to allow their populations to pursue their material self-interest freely. Surely free markets and anemia, stable political systems are a necessary precondition to capitalist economic growth. But just as surely the on characterization in lord of the, cultural heritage of those Far Eastern societies, the ethic of cell case work and saving and family, a religious heritage that does not, like Islam, place restrictions on certain forms of economic behavior, and foreshadowing for emily essays, other deeply ingrained moral qualities, are equally important in sickle cell anemia case explaining their economic performance.[7] And yet the intellectual weight of materialism is such that not a single respectable contemporary theory of economic development addresses consciousness and culture seriously as the matrix within which economic behavior is formed. FAILURE to understand that the roots of economic behavior lie in the realm of consciousness and culture leads to calendar, the common mistake of attributing material causes to sickle cell case, phenomena that are essentially ideal in nature. A Rose Essays! For example, it is commonplace in the West to interpret the reform movements first in China and most recently in the Soviet Union as the victory of the material over the ideal - that is, a recognition that ideological incentives could not replace material ones in stimulating a highly productive modern economy, and sickle cell case, that if one wanted to prosper one had to appeal to baser forms of does self-interest.

But the deep defects of socialist economies were evident thirty or forty years ago to cell case, anyone who chose to look. For Emily! Why was it that these countries moved away from cell case central planning only in the 1980s' The answer must be found in the consciousness of the elites and leaders ruling them, who decided to thesis it take, opt for sickle anemia the Protestant life of wealth and risk over the Catholic path of flies poverty and security.[8] That change was in no way made inevitable by the material conditions in which either country found itself on the eve of the reform, but instead came about as the result of the victory of one idea over another.[9] For Kojeve, as for all good Hegelians, understanding the underlying processes of history requires understanding developments in the realm of consciousness or ideas, since consciousness will ultimately remake the material world in its own image. To say that history ended in 1806 meant that mankind's ideological evolution ended in cell anemia case study the ideals of the French or American Revolutions: while particular regimes in the real world might not implement these ideals fully, their theoretical truth is absolute and could not be improved upon. Hence it did not matter to foreshadowing a rose essays, Kojeve that the consciousness of the postwar generation of Europeans had not been universalized throughout the world; if ideological development had in fact ended, the cell study, homogenous state would eventually become victorious throughout the material world. I have neither the space nor, frankly, the ability to defend in depth Hegel's radical idealist perspective. The issue is not whether Hegel's system was right, but whether his perspective might uncover the the people of india, problematic nature of many materialist explanations we often take for granted. This is not to sickle case study, deny the role of material factors as such. To a literal-minded idealist, human society can be built around any arbitrary set of principles regardless of their relationship to the material world.

And in fact men have proven themselves able to endure the thesis does it take, most extreme material hardships in the name of ideas that exist in sickle cell anemia case study the realm of the spirit alone, be it the divinity of cows or the nature of the Holy Trinity.[10] But while man's very perception of the material world is shaped by his historical consciousness of it, the material world can clearly affect in return the does, viability of a particular state of consciousness. In particular, the spectacular abundance of advanced liberal economies and the infinitely diverse consumer culture made possible by them seem to both foster and preserve liberalism in the political sphere. I want to avoid the materialist determinism that says that liberal economics inevitably produces liberal politics, because I believe that both economics and politics presuppose an cell study, autonomous prior state of consciousness that makes them possible. But that state of consciousness that permits the growth of liberalism seems to a rose for emily, stabilize in sickle cell study the way one would expect at the end of history if it is underwritten by the abundance of foreshadowing essays a modern free market economy.

We might summarize the content of the universal homogenous state as liberal democracy in the political sphere combined with easy access to VCRs and stereos in the economic. HAVE WE in cell fact reached the end of history? Are there, in on characterization in lord flies other words, any fundamental contradictions in human life that cannot be resolved in the context of modern liberalism, that would be resolvable by study, an alternative political-economic structure? If we accept the idealist premises laid out assignment calendar, above, we must seek an answer to this question in the realm of ideology and consciousness. Our task is not to answer exhaustively the challenges to liberalism promoted by every crackpot messiah around the world, but only those that are embodied in sickle anemia important social or political forces and movements, and essay on characterization, which are therefore part of world history. For our purposes, it matters very little what strange thoughts occur to people in Albania or Burkina Faso, for we are interested in what one could in some sense call the common ideological heritage of mankind. In the past century, there have been two major challenges to liberalism, those of fascism and of communism. The former[11] saw the political weakness, materialism, anomie, and lack of community of the cell, West as fundamental contradictions in liberal societies that could only be resolved by a strong state that forged a new people on the basis of national exclusiveness. Transfer For Sale Philippines! Fascism was destroyed as a living ideology by World War II.

This was a defeat, of course, on a very material level, but it amounted to sickle cell anemia case, a defeat of the essay on we the people, idea as well. What destroyed fascism as an idea was not universal moral revulsion against it, since plenty of people were willing to endorse the idea as long as it seemed the wave of the future, but its lack of sickle cell success. After the war, it seemed to most people that German fascism as well as its other European and Asian variants were bound to self-destruct. Essay The People Of India! There was no material reason why new fascist movements could not have sprung up again after the war in other locales, but for the fact that expansionist ultranationalism, with its promise of unending conflict leading to disastrous military defeat, had completely lost its appeal. Sickle Cell Anemia Case Study! The ruins of the foreshadowing a rose essays, Reich chancellery as well as the atomic bombs dropped on Hiroshima and Nagasaki killed this ideology on the level of consciousness as well as materially, and all of the pro-fascist movements spawned by the German and Japanese examples like the Peronist movement in Argentina or Subhas Chandra Bose's Indian National Army withered after the war. The ideological challenge mounted by the other great alternative to liberalism, communism, was far more serious. Marx, speaking Hegel's language, asserted that liberal society contained a fundamental contradiction that could not be resolved within its context, that between capital and labor, and this contradiction has constituted the chief accusation against liberalism ever since. But surely, the class issue has actually been successfully resolved in the West. As Kojeve (among others) noted, the egalitarianism of modern America represents the essential achievement of the sickle cell case, classless society envisioned by Marx.

This is not to say that there are not rich people and poor people in the United States, or that the gap between them has not grown in recent years. But the root causes of economic inequality do not have to do with the underlying legal and social structure of our society, which remains fundamentally egalitarian and moderately redistributionist, so much as with the essay, cultural and sickle cell, social characteristics of the assignment, groups that make it up, which are in turn the historical legacy of premodern conditions. Cell Anemia! Thus black poverty in the United States is not the inherent product of liberalism, but is thesis how long does, rather the legacy of slavery and racism which persisted long after the formal abolition of sickle cell anemia case slavery. As a result of the receding of the class issue, the appeal of essay in lord of the flies communism in the developed Western world, it is safe to say, is lower today than any time since the end of the First World War. Sickle Anemia Case Study! This can he measured in any number of ways: in for sale the declining membership and electoral pull of the major European communist parties, and their overtly revisionist programs; in cell the corresponding electoral success of conservative parties from Britain and Germany to the United States and Japan, which are unabashedly pro-market and anti-statist; and in transfer for sale an intellectual climate whose most advanced members no longer believe that bourgeois society is something that ultimately needs to be overcome. This is not to say that the opinions of progressive intellectuals in Western countries are not deeply pathological in any number of ways. But those who believe that the future must inevitably be socialist tend to be very old, or very marginal to the real political discourse of their societies.

0NE MAY argue that the socialist alternative was never terribly plausible for the North Atlantic world, and was sustained for the last several decades primarily by its success outside of this region. But it is precisely in the non-European world that one is most struck by the occurrence of major ideological transformations. Surely the most remarkable changes have occurred in Asia. Due to the strength and adaptability of the indigenous cultures there, Asia became a battleground for cell case a variety of imported Western ideologies early in this century. Liberalism in Asia was a very weak reed in the period after World War I; it is assignment, easy today to forget how gloomy Asia's political future looked as recently as ten or fifteen years ago. It is sickle cell anemia case, easy to forget as well how momentous the outcome of Asian ideological struggles seemed for world political development as a whole. The first Asian alternative to liberalism to be decisively defeated was the thesis, fascist one represented by Imperial Japan.

Japanese fascism (like its German version) was defeated by the force of American arms in sickle cell the Pacific war, and assignment calendar, liberal democracy was imposed on sickle cell anemia case Japan by a victorious United States. Western capitalism and political liberalism when transplanted to Japan were adapted and transformed by the Japanese in such a way as to be scarcely recognizable.[12] Many Americans are now aware that Japanese industrial organization is very different from that prevailing in the United States or Europe, and it is questionable what relationship the factional maneuvering that takes place with the governing Liberal Democratic Party bears to democracy. Nonetheless, the very fact that the a rose, essential elements of cell anemia study economic and political liberalism have been so successfully grafted onto uniquely Japanese traditions and transfer philippines, institutions guarantees their survival in anemia case the long run. More important is the contribution that Japan has made in turn to world history by following in the footsteps of the United States to create a truly universal consumer culture that has become both a symbol and an underpinning of the universal homogenous state. V.S. Naipaul traveling in Khomeini's Iran shortly after the revolution noted the omnipresent signs advertising the products of Sony, Hitachi, and JVC, whose appeal remained virtually irresistible and gave the lie to the regime's pretensions of restoring a state based on the rule of the Shariah . Desire for access to the consumer culture, created in large measure by Japan, has played a crucial role in foreshadowing for emily essays fostering the spread of economic liberalism throughout Asia, and hence in promoting political liberalism as well. The economic success of the other newly industrializing countries (NICs) in Asia following on the example of Japan is by sickle cell study, now a familiar story. What is important from a Hegelian standpoint is calendar, that political liberalism has been following economic liberalism, more slowly than many had hoped but with seeming inevitability. Sickle Case Study! Here again we see the victory of the idea of the universal homogenous state. South Korea had developed into a modern, urbanized society with an future of india, increasingly large and well-educated middle class that could not possibly be isolated from the case, larger democratic trends around them. Transfer Paper For Sale Philippines! Under these circumstances it seemed intolerable to sickle study, a large part of this population that it should be ruled by an anachronistic military regime while Japan, only a decade or so ahead in economic terms, had parliamentary institutions for over forty years.

Even the former socialist regime in Burma, which for so many decades existed in dismal isolation from the larger trends dominating Asia, was buffeted in the past year by calendar, pressures to liberalize both its economy and political system. It is said that unhappiness with strongman Ne Win began when a senior Burmese officer went to Singapore for medical treatment and broke down crying when he saw how far socialist Burma had been left behind by its ASEAN neighbors. BUT THE power of the liberal idea would seem much less impressive if it had not infected the largest and oldest culture in sickle case study Asia, China. The simple existence of communist China created an alternative pole of ideological attraction, and foreshadowing for emily, as such constituted a threat to cell study, liberalism. But the past fifteen years have seen an does it take, almost total discrediting of Marxism-Leninism as an economic system. Beginning with the famous third plenum of the Tenth Central Committee in 1978, the Chinese Communist party set about decollectivizing agriculture for the 800 million Chinese who still lived in the countryside. The role of the state in sickle cell anemia case agriculture was reduced to that of a tax collector, while production of consumer goods was sharply increased in order to give peasants a taste of the universal homogenous state and thereby an incentive to work.

The reform doubled Chinese grain output in only five years, and in the process created for does Deng Xiaoping a solid political base from sickle anemia study which he was able to extend the reform to other parts of the economy. Word! Economic Statistics do not begin to describe the dynamism, initiative, and openness evident in China since the reform began. China could not now be described in any way as a liberal democracy. At present, no more than 20 percent of its economy has been marketized, and most importantly it continues to be ruled by a self-appointed Communist party which has given no hint of sickle case wanting to essay, devolve power. Deng has made none of Gorbachev's promises regarding democratization of the political system and there is no Chinese equivalent of glasnost. The Chinese leadership has in fact been much more circumspect in sickle cell anemia study criticizing Mao and Maoism than Gorbachev with respect to Brezhnev and Stalin, and the regime continues to pay lip service to Marxism-Leninism as its ideological underpinning.

But anyone familiar with the outlook and behavior of the new technocratic elite now governing China knows that Marxism and ideological principle have become virtually irrelevant as guides to policy, and transfer for sale, that bourgeois consumerism has a real meaning in that country for the first time since the revolution. The various slowdowns in sickle anemia study the pace of reform, the campaigns against spiritual pollution and foreshadowing a rose essays, crackdowns on anemia case political dissent are more properly seen as tactical adjustments made in the process of managing what is an extraordinarily difficult political transition. Assignment Calendar! By ducking the question of political reform while putting the economy on a new footing, Deng has managed to avoid the breakdown of authority that has accompanied Gorbachev's perestroika . Yet the pull of the liberal idea continues to cell anemia case, be very strong as economic power devolves and the economy becomes more open to the outside world. There are currently over 20,000 Chinese students studying in the U.S. and thesis it take, other Western countries, almost all of them the case, children of the Chinese elite. It is hard to believe that when they return home to run the country they will be content for China to philippines, be the only country in Asia unaffected by the larger democratizing trend. Sickle Cell Anemia Study! The student demonstrations in Beijing that broke out first in December 1986 and recurred recently on the occasion of Hu Yao-bang's death were only the foreshadowing for emily essays, beginning of what will inevitably be mounting pressure for change in the political system as well. What is important about China from the standpoint of world history is cell anemia case, not the present state of the foreshadowing a rose, reform or even its future prospects.

The central issue is the fact that the cell anemia study, People's Republic of China can no longer act as a beacon for illiberal forces around the world, whether they be guerrillas in some Asian jungle or middle class students in Paris. Maoism, rather than being the pattern for Asia's future, became an anachronism, and it was the mainland Chinese who in fact were decisively influenced by the prosperity and dynamism of their overseas co-ethnics - the ironic ultimate victory of Taiwan. Important as these changes in foreshadowing a rose for emily China have been, however, it is cell, developments in the Soviet Union - the original homeland of the world proletariat - that have put the final nail in the coffin of the Marxist-Leninist alternative to liberal democracy. It should be clear that in terms of formal institutions, not much has changed in the four years since Gorbachev has come to power: free markets and assignment calendar, the cooperative movement represent only a small part of the Soviet economy, which remains centrally planned; the political system is still dominated by the Communist party, which has only begun to democratize internally and to share power with other groups; the regime continues to assert that it is seeking only to modernize socialism and that its ideological basis remains Marxism-Leninism; and, finally, Gorbachev faces a potentially powerful conservative opposition that could undo many of the changes that have taken place to date. Moreover, it is hard to be too sanguine about the chances for success of Gorbachev's proposed reforms, either in the sphere of economics or politics. But my purpose here is not to analyze events in the short-term, or to make predictions for policy purposes, but to look at underlying trends in the sphere of sickle anemia case ideology and consciousness. And in that respect, it is clear that an astounding transformation has occurred. Emigres from the Soviet Union have been reporting for at least the last generation now that virtually nobody in in lord flies that country truly believed in case study Marxism-Leninism any longer, and that this was nowhere more true than in the Soviet elite, which continued to mouth Marxist slogans out of sheer cynicism. The corruption and decadence of the late Brezhnev-era Soviet state seemed to how long does it take, matter little, however, for as long as the state itself refused to throw into question any of the fundamental principles underlying Soviet society, the system was capable of functioning adequately out of sheer inertia and could even muster some dynamism in the realm of foreign and sickle case, defense policy. Marxism-Leninism was like a magical incantation which, however absurd and devoid of meaning, was the only common basis on which the elite could agree to rule Soviet society.

WHAT HAS happened in the four years since Gorbachev's coming to power is a revolutionary assault on the most fundamental institutions and principles of Stalinism, and their replacement by other principles which do not amount to liberalism per se but whose only connecting thread is essay of the, liberalism. This is most evident in the economic sphere, where the reform economists around Gorbachev have become steadily more radical in their support for free markets, to the point where some like Nikolai Shmelev do not mind being compared in sickle study public to Milton Friedman. There is a virtual consensus among the currently dominant school of Soviet economists now that central planning and the command system of allocation are the root cause of economic inefficiency, and that if the on we the people, Soviet system is ever to heal itself, it must permit free and decentralized decision-making with respect to investment, labor, and prices. After a couple of initial years of cell case ideological confusion, these principles have finally been incorporated into policy with the promulgation of new laws on enterprise autonomy, cooperatives, and essay on characterization in lord, finally in 1988 on lease arrangements and family farming. There are, of course, a number of fatal flaws in the current implementation of the reform, most notably the absence of a thoroughgoing price reform.

But the problem is no longer a conceptual one: Gorbachev and his lieutenants seem to understand the economic logic of marketization well enough, but like the leaders of a Third World country facing the IMF, are afraid of the anemia case study, social consequences of ending consumer subsidies and other forms of dependence on the state sector. In the political sphere, the proposed changes to the Soviet constitution, legal system, and party rules amount to much less than the establishment of foreshadowing essays a liberal state. Anemia Case! Gorbachev has spoken of democratization primarily in the sphere of internal party affairs, and has shown little intention of ending the Communist party's monopoly of power; indeed, the how long does, political reform seeks to legitimize and therefore strengthen the CPSU'S rule.[13] Nonetheless, the general principles underlying many of the reforms - that the people should be truly responsible for their own affairs, that higher political bodies should be answerable to anemia case study, lower ones, and not vice versa, that the rule of law should prevail over arbitrary police actions, with separation of powers and an independent judiciary, that there should be legal protection for how long it take property rights, the need for open discussion of public issues and anemia case study, the right of public dissent, the empowering of the Soviets as a forum in word which the whole Soviet people can participate, and of a political culture that is more tolerant and pluralistic - come from a source fundamentally alien to the USSR's Marxist-Leninist tradition, even if they are incompletely articulated and poorly implemented in practice. Gorbachev's repeated assertions that he is doing no more than trying to restore the original meaning of Leninism are themselves a kind of Orwellian doublespeak. Gorbachev and cell anemia case study, his allies have consistently maintained that intraparty democracy was somehow the essence of Leninism, and that the various lib era1 practices of essay in lord of the flies open debate, secret ballot elections, and rule of law were all part of the Leninist heritage, corrupted only later by Stalin. While almost anyone would look good compared to Stalin, drawing so sharp a line between Lenin and his successor is questionable. Sickle Cell Anemia Case! The essence of Lenin's democratic centralism was centralism, not democracy; that is, the absolutely rigid, monolithic, and disciplined dictatorship of a hierarchically organized vanguard Communist party, speaking in the name of the demos. All of Lenin's vicious polemics against Karl Kautsky, Rosa Luxemburg, and various other Menshevik and Social Democratic rivals, not to mention his contempt for bourgeois legality and freedoms, centered around his profound conviction that a revolution could not be successfully made by a democratically run organization. Gorbachev's claim that he is seeking to does it take, return to the true Lenin is perfectly easy to understand: having fostered a thorough denunciation of Stalinism and Brezhnevism as the root of the USSR's present predicament, he needs some point in Soviet history on cell anemia which to anchor the legitimacy of the CPSU'S continued rule. But Gorbachev's tactical requirements should not blind us to the fact that the democratizing and decentralizing principles which he has enunciated in both the economic and political spheres are highly subversive of some of the most fundamental precepts of both Marxism and Leninism.

Indeed, if the bulk of the present economic reform proposals were put into foreshadowing a rose essays effect, it is hard to know how the Soviet economy would be more socialist than those of other Western countries with large public sectors. The Soviet Union could in anemia study no way be described as a liberal or democratic country now, nor do I think that it is how long does it take, terribly likely that perestroika will succeed such that the label will be thinkable any time in case study the near future. But at the end of history it is not necessary that all societies become successful liberal societies, merely that they end their ideological pretensions of representing different and higher forms of human society. And in this respect I believe that something very important has happened in the Soviet Union in the past few years: the criticisms of the Soviet system sanctioned by Gorbachev have been so thorough and devastating that there is very little chance of assignment going back to either Stalinism or Brezhnevism in any simple way. Gorbachev has finally permitted people to say what they had privately understood for many years, namely, that the magical incantations of Marxism-Leninism were nonsense, that Soviet socialism was not superior to the West in any respect but was in anemia study fact a monumental failure. The conservative opposition in the USSR, consisting both of simple workers afraid of unemployment and inflation and of party officials fearful of losing their jobs and privileges, is essay on characterization of the, outspoken and may be strong enough to force Gorbachev's ouster in the next few years. But what both groups desire is tradition, order, and authority; they manifest no deep commitment to sickle case, Marxism-Leninism, except insofar as they have invested much of their own lives in it.[14] For authority to be restored in essay on characterization in lord the Soviet Union after Gorbachev's demolition work, it must be on the basis of some new and vigorous ideology which has not yet appeared on the horizon. IF WE ADMIT for the moment that the fascist and sickle anemia, communist challenges to liberalism are dead, are there any other ideological competitors left?

Or put another way, are there contradictions in liberal society beyond that of class that are not resolvable? Two possibilities suggest themselves, those of essay on we religion and nationalism. The rise of religious fundamentalism in recent years within the Christian, Jewish, and Muslim traditions has been widely noted. One is inclined to say that the revival of religion in cell case some way attests to a broad unhappiness with the impersonality and spiritual vacuity of liberal consumerist societies. Yet while the does it take, emptiness at sickle cell anemia study, the core of assignment liberalism is most certainly a defect in the ideology - indeed, a flaw that one does not need the sickle anemia case study, perspective of religion to recognize[15] - it is not at all clear that it is remediable through politics.

Modern liberalism itself was historically a consequence of the weakness of religiously-based societies which, failing to agree on the nature of the foreshadowing, good life, could not provide even the study, minimal preconditions of peace and stability. Thesis Does! In the anemia study, contemporary world only Islam has offered a theocratic state as a political alternative to both liberalism and communism. But the doctrine has little appeal for non-Muslims, and it is hard to believe that the movement will take on any universal significance. Other less organized religious impulses have been successfully satisfied within the it take, sphere of personal life that is permitted in cell case study liberal societies. The other major contradiction potentially unresolvable by foreshadowing a rose, liberalism is the one posed by case study, nationalism and essay of india, other forms of racial and sickle cell anemia case study, ethnic consciousness.

It is certainly true that a very large degree of conflict since the Battle of Jena has had its roots in nationalism. Two cataclysmic world wars in this century have been spawned by solve, the nationalism of the developed world in various guises, and if those passions have been muted to a certain extent in case study postwar Europe, they are still extremely powerful in the Third World. Nationalism has been a threat to liberalism historically in Germany, and continues to be one in isolated parts of post-historical Europe like Northern Ireland. But it is not clear that nationalism rep resents an irreconcilable contradiction in the heart of liberalism. In the essay on we, first place, nationalism is not one single phenomenon but several, ranging from mild cultural nostalgia to the highly organized and elaborately articulated doctrine of National Socialism.

Only systematic nationalisms of the latter sort can qualify as a formal ideology on the level of case study liberalism or communism. The vast majority of the world's nationalist movements do not have a political program beyond the negative desire of independence from thesis it take some other group or people, and do not offer anything like a comprehensive agenda for socio-economic organization. As such, they are compatible with doctrines and ideologies that do offer such agendas. Sickle Case Study! While they may constitute a source of thesis conflict for liberal societies, this conflict does not arise from liberalism itself so much as from the fact that the cell, liberalism in question is incomplete. Certainly a great deal of the world's ethnic and nationalist tension can be explained in terms of peoples who are forced to live in unrepresentative political systems that they have not chosen. While it is impossible to rule out the solve math problems, sudden appearance of new ideologies or previously unrecognized contradictions in liberal societies, then, the present world seems to confirm that the fundamental principles of sociopolitical organization have not advanced terribly far since 1806. Many of the wars and revolutions fought since that time have been undertaken in the name of ideologies which claimed to be more advanced than liberalism, but whose pretensions were ultimately unmasked by history. In the meantime, they have helped to spread the universal homogenous state to the point where it could have a significant effect on the overall character of international relations. WHAT ARE the implications of the end of history for international relations? Clearly, the cell anemia study, vast bulk of the Third World remains very much mired in history, and will be a terrain of conflict for many years to come.

But let us focus for the time being on the larger and thesis how long does it take, more developed states of the world who after all account for the greater part of world politics. Sickle Cell Case! Russia and thesis, China are not likely to join the developed nations of the West as liberal societies any time in sickle cell anemia case the foreseeable future, but suppose for foreshadowing for emily a moment that Marxism-Leninism ceases to be a factor driving the foreign policies of these states - a prospect which, if not yet here, the last few years have made a real possibility. How will the overall characteristics of a de-ideologized world differ from cell anemia those of the one with which we are familiar at such a hypothetical juncture? The most common answer is - not very much. For there is a very widespread belief among many observers of international relations that underneath the skin of ideology is a hard core of great power national interest that guarantees a fairly high level of competition and conflict between nations. Indeed, according to one academically popular school of transfer paper for sale philippines international relations theory, conflict inheres in the international system as such, and to sickle anemia case study, understand the prospects for conflict one must look at the shape of the system - for example, whether it is bipolar or multipolar - rather than at assignment, the specific character of the nations and sickle anemia study, regimes that constitute it. This school in effect applies a Hobbesian view of politics to international relations, and thesis it take, assumes that aggression and insecurity are universal characteristics of human societies rather than the product of specific historical circumstances.

Believers in this line of thought take the sickle anemia case study, relations that existed between the participants in foreshadowing a rose essays the classical nineteenth century European balance of power as a model for what a de-ideologized contemporary world would look like. Charles Krauthammer, for example, recently explained that if as a result of Gorbachev's reforms the USSR is shorn of cell case study Marxist-Leninist ideology, its behavior will revert to that of nineteenth century imperial Russia.[16] While he finds this more reassuring than the threat posed by a communist Russia, he implies that there will still be a substantial degree of essay the people future of india competition and conflict in the international system, just as there was say between Russia and Britain or Wilhelmine Germany in the last century. This is, of sickle cell study course, a convenient point of view for people who want to admit that something major is changing in the Soviet Union, but do not want to accept responsibility for recommending the radical policy redirection implicit in such a view. Math Word! But is it true? In fact, the notion that ideology is a superstructure imposed on a substratum of permanent great power interest is a highly questionable proposition. For the way in which any state defines its national interest is cell anemia study, not universal but rests on transfer for sale philippines some kind of prior ideological basis, just as we saw that economic behavior is cell anemia study, determined by essays, a prior state of consciousness. In this century, states have adopted highly articulated doctrines with explicit foreign policy agendas legitimizing expansionism, like Marxism-Leninism or National Socialism. THE EXPANSIONIST and competitive behavior of nineteenth-century European states rested on sickle cell study no less ideal a basis; it just so happened that the ideology driving it was less explicit than the doctrines of the twentieth century. For one thing, most liberal European societies were illiberal insofar as they believed in assignment calendar the legitimacy of imperialism, that is, the right of one nation to sickle cell anemia case, rule over other nations without regard for the wishes of the ruled. The justifications for imperialism varied from nation to nation, from a rose essays a crude belief in the legitimacy of force, particularly when applied to non-Europeans, to the White Man's Burden and Europe's Christianizing mission, to the desire to give people of color access to the culture of Rabelais and Moliere.

But whatever the particular ideological basis, every developed country believed in the acceptability of higher civilizations ruling lower ones - including, incidentally, the anemia case study, United States with regard to the Philippines. This led to a drive for for emily pure territorial aggrandizement in the latter half of the century and played no small role in causing the Great War. The radical and deformed outgrowth of nineteenth-century imperialism was German fascism, an ideology which justified Germany's right not only to rule over non-European peoples, but over sickle cell study, all non-German ones. But in retrospect it seems that Hitler represented a diseased bypath in the general course of European development, and math problems, since his fiery defeat, the legitimacy of any kind of territorial aggrandizement has been thoroughly discredited.[17] Since the Second World War, European nationalism has been defanged and shorn of any real relevance to anemia, foreign policy, with the consequence that the thesis it take, nineteenth-century model of great power behavior has become a serious anachronism. The most extreme form of nationalism that any Western European state has mustered since 1945 has been Gaullism, whose self-assertion has been confined largely to the realm of nuisance politics and culture.

International life for the part of the world that has reached the end of history is far more preoccupied with economics than with politics or strategy. The developed states of the cell anemia case, West do maintain defense establishments and in the postwar period have competed vigorously for solve math word problems influence to meet a worldwide communist threat. This behavior has been driven, however, by an external threat from states that possess overtly expansionist ideologies, and would not exist in their absence. To take the sickle cell study, neo-realist theory seriously, one would have to believe that natural competitive behavior would reassert itself among the OECD states were Russia and China to disappear from the face of the earth. That is, West Germany and France would arm themselves against each other as they did in the 193Os, Australia and New Zealand would send military advisers to block each others' advances in Africa, and the U.S.-Canadian border would become fortified. Such a prospect is, of course, ludicrous: minus Marxist-Leninist ideology, we are far more likely to see the Common Marketization of world politics than the disintegration of the EEC into foreshadowing a rose for emily essays nineteenth-century competitiveness. Cell Case! Indeed, as our experiences in dealing with Europe on matters such as terrorism or Libya prove, they are much further gone than we down the road that denies the legitimacy of the use of force in transfer paper for sale international politics, even in self-defense. The automatic assumption that Russia shorn of its expansionist communist ideology should pick up where the cell case, czars left off just prior to the Bolshevik Revolution is therefore a curious one. It assumes that the evolution of human consciousness has stood still in thesis how long does the meantime, and that the Soviets, while picking up currently fashionable ideas in the realm of economics, will return to foreign policy views a century out of date in sickle study the rest of Europe. This is thesis how long does, certainly not what happened to China after it began its reform process. Chinese competitiveness and expansionism on the world scene have virtually disappeared: Beijing no longer sponsors Maoist insurgencies or tries to cultivate influence in distant African countries as it did in the 1960s.

This is not to say that there are not troublesome aspects to contemporary Chinese foreign policy, such as the reckless sale of ballistic missile technology in the Middle East; and cell case, the PRC continues to manifest traditional great power behavior in its sponsorship of the Khmer Rouge against Vietnam. Thesis How Long! But the former is explained by commercial motives and cell anemia study, the latter is a vestige of on we the people future of india earlier ideologically-based rivalries. The new China far more resembles Gaullist France than pre-World War I Germany. The real question for the future, however, is the degree to which Soviet elites have assimilated the consciousness of the universal homogenous state that is post-Hitler Europe. From their writings and from my own personal contacts with them, there is case, no question in my mind that the liberal Soviet intelligentsia rallying around Gorbachev have arrived at the end-of-history view in a remarkably short time, due in no small measure to the contacts they have had since the essay on we future, Brezhnev era with the larger European civilization around them. New political thinking, the general rubric for their views, describes a world dominated by sickle anemia case study, economic concerns, in which there are no ideological grounds for major conflict between nations, and in which, consequently, the use of military force becomes less legitimate. As Foreign Minister Shevardnadze put it in mid-1988: The struggle between two opposing systems is no longer a determining tendency of the present-day era. At the modern stage, the ability to build up material wealth at an accelerated rate on the basis of front-ranking science and how long, high-level techniques and technology, and to distribute it fairly, and through joint efforts to restore and protect the resources necessary for mankind's survival acquires decisive importance.[18]

The post-historical consciousness represented by cell, new thinking is word, only one possible future for the Soviet Union, however. Sickle Cell Case! There has always been a very strong current of great Russian chauvinism in the Soviet Union, which has found freer expression since the advent of glasnost . It may be possible to return to traditional Marxism-Leninism for a while as a simple rallying point for those who want to restore the authority that Gorbachev has dissipated. But as in Poland, Marxism-Leninism is dead as a mobilizing ideology: under its banner people cannot be made to essay of the, work harder, and its adherents have lost confidence in themselves. Unlike the propagators of traditional Marxism-Leninism, however, ultranationalists in the USSR believe in their Slavophile cause passionately, and one gets the sense that the fascist alternative is cell, not one that has played itself out entirely there. The Soviet Union, then, is at thesis how long it take, a fork in the road: it can start down the path that was staked out by sickle cell anemia case, Western Europe forty-five years ago, a path that most of Asia has followed, or it can realize its own uniqueness and remain stuck in essay future of india history. The choice it makes will be highly important for cell anemia case us, given the Soviet Union's size and military strength, for that power will continue to preoccupy us and slow our realization that we have already emerged on the other side of essay on characterization of the flies history.

THE PASSING of anemia study Marxism-Leninism first from China and then from the Soviet Union will mean its death as a living ideology of world historical significance. For while there may be some isolated true believers left in places like Managua, Pyongyang, or Cambridge, Massachusetts, the assignment calendar, fact that there is not a single large state in which it is a going concern undermines completely its pretensions to being in the vanguard of human history. And the anemia, death of this ideology means the growing Common Marketization of international relations, and the diminution of the likelihood of large-scale conflict between states. This does not by any means imply the math word, end of international conflict per se. For the world at sickle cell anemia case, that point would be divided between a part that was historical and transfer paper for sale, a part that was post-historical. Conflict between states still in history, and between those states and those at the end of sickle study history, would still be possible. There would still be a high and perhaps rising level of a rose essays ethnic and nationalist violence, since those are impulses incompletely played out, even in parts of the post-historical world.

Palestinians and Kurds, Sikhs and Tamils, Irish Catholics and Walloons, Armenians and Azeris, will continue to have their unresolved grievances. Sickle! This implies that terrorism and wars of the people future of india national liberation will continue to be an important item on the international agenda. But large-scale conflict must involve large states still caught in the grip of sickle case history, and they are what appear to be passing from the scene. The end of assignment history will be a very sad time. The struggle for recognition, the willingness to risk one's life for cell case study a purely abstract goal, the transfer philippines, worldwide ideological struggle that called forth daring, courage, imagination, and idealism, will be replaced by economic calculation, the endless solving of technical problems, environmental concerns, and sickle study, the satisfaction of paper sophisticated consumer demands. In the post-historical period there will be neither art nor philosophy, just the perpetual caretaking of the museum of human history. I can feel in myself, and see in others around me, a powerful nostalgia for the time when history existed. Such nostalgia, in fact, will continue to fuel competition and conflict even in the post-historical world for some time to come. Even though I recognize its inevitability, I have the most ambivalent feelings for the civilization that has been created in Europe since 1945, with its north Atlantic and sickle study, Asian offshoots.

Perhaps this very prospect of centuries of boredom at the end of a rose essays history will serve to get history started once again. 1. Kojeve's best known work is his Introduction a la lecture de Hegel (Paris: Editions Gallimard, 1947), which is a transcript of the Ecole Practique lectures from the sickle cell anemia case, 1930's. This book is available in English entitled Introduction to the Reading of essays Hegel arranged by Raymond Queneau, edited by Allan Bloom, and translated by James Nichols (New York: Basic Books, 1969). (back to text) 2. In this respect Kojeve stands in sickle anemia sharp contrast to contemporary German interpreters of math Hegel like Herbert Marcuse who, being more sympathetic to anemia study, Marx, regarded Hegel ultimately as an historically bound and incomplete philosopher. (back to text) 3. Kojeve alternatively identified the end of history with the postwar American way of life, toward which he thought the Soviet Union was moving as well. (back to text) 4. This notion was expressed in the famous aphorism from the preface to the Philosophy of History to the effect that everything that is rational is real, and everything that is real is transfer paper philippines, rational. (back to sickle case, text)

5. Indeed, for Hegel the very dichotomy between the ideal and material worlds was itself only an apparent one that was ultimately overcome by thesis it take, the self-conscious subject; in sickle his system, the material world is itself only an the people future of india, aspect of mind. (back to cell, text) 6. In fact, modern economists, recognizing that man does not always behave as a profit -maximizer, posit a utility function, utility being either income or some other good that can be maximized: leisure, sexual satisfaction, or the thesis does it take, pleasure of cell anemia philosophizing. That profit must be replaced with a value like utility indicates the cogency of the idealist perspective. (back to text) 7. One need look no further than the recent performance of Vietnamese immigrants in the U.S. school system when compared to their black of Hispanic classmates to realize that culture and consciousness are absolutely crucial to does it take, explain not only economic behavior but virtually every other important aspect of life as well. (back to cell case, text) 8. I understand that a full explanation of the origins of the reform movements in China and Russia is a good deal more complicated than this simple formula would suggest. The Soviet reform, for example, was motivated in paper for sale good measure by Moscow's sense of sickle cell insecurity in the technological-military realm. Does It Take! Nonetheless, neither country ion the eve of its reforms was in such a state of material crisis that one could have predicted the surprising reform paths ultimately taken. (back to anemia case study, text) 9. It is still not clear whether the Soviet people are as Protestant as Gorbachev and will follow him down that path. (back to foreshadowing, text) 10. The internal politics of the Byzantine Empire at the time of Justinian revolved around a conflict between the so-called monophysites and monothelites, who believed that the unity of the Holy Trinity was alternatively one of nature or of will.

This conflict corresponded to sickle cell anemia, some extent to one between proponents of different racing teams in the Hippodrome in Byzantium and assignment calendar, led to a not insignificant level of political violence. Modern historians would tend to seek the roots of such conflicts in antagonisms between social classes or some other modern economic category, being unwilling to believe that men would kill each other over the nature of the Trinity. Cell! (back to text) 11. I am not using the term fascism here in its most precise sense, fully aware of the frequent misuse of this term to denounce anyone to on characterization in lord flies, the right of the user. Fascism here denotes nay organized ultra nationalist movement with universalistic pretensions - not universalistic with regard to its nationalism, of cell study course, since the math, latter is exclusive by definition, but with regard to the movement's belief in its right to rule other people. Hence Imperial Japan would qualify as fascist while former strongman Stoessner's Paraguay or Pinochet's Chile would not. Obviously fascist ideologies cannot be universalistic in the sense of Marxism or liberalism, but the case, structure of the doctrine can be transferred from country to transfer paper for sale philippines, country. (back to text) 12. I use the example of Japan with some caution, since Kojeve late in his life came to conclude that Japan, with its culture based on purely formal arts, proved that the universal homogenous state was not victorious and that history had perhaps not ended. See the long note at the end of the cell anemia case study, second edition of Introduction a la Lecture de Hegel , 462-3. (back to text)

13. This is not true in Poland and Hungary, however, whose Communist parties have taken moves toward true power sharing and pluralism. (back to text) 14. This is particularly true of the leading Soviet conservative, former Second Secretary Yegor Ligachev, who has publicly recognized many of the deep defects of the Brezhnev period. (back to text) 15. I am thinking particularly of Rousseau and the Western philosophical tradition that flows from him that was highly critical of Lockean or Hobbesian liberalism, though one could criticize liberalism from the standpoint of classical political philosophy as well. (back to text) 16. See his article, Beyond the Cold War, New Republic, December 19, 1988. (back to text) 17. It took European colonial powers like France several years after the war to admit the illegitimacy of their empires, but decolonialization was an inevitable consequence of the Allied victory which had been based on thesis how long does the promise of a restoration of democratic freedoms. (back to text) 18.

Vestnik Ministerstva Inostrannikh Del SSSR no. 15 (August 1988), 27-46. New thinking does of course serve a propagandistic purpose in study persuading Western audiences of foreshadowing for emily Soviet good intentions. But the fact that it is good propaganda does not mean that is cell anemia study, formulators do not take many of its ideas seriously. (back to text)

Everything You Need to Know about Careers in Banking Consulting! In collaboration with student societies at Oxford, The Careers Service is hosting two key events ahead of the onslaught of employer presentations, workshops and fairs to help you navigate careers in ‘the city’. On Tuesday 10 October we’ll be hosting ‘Careers in Consulting: Everything You Need to Know’ from cell case 14.00 to 16.30 at paper Exams Schools. Hear from 3 very different firms (Strategy, Oliver Wyman and CIL Consulting) to anemia case learn what a week in the life of a consultant is like and gain key advice to essay in lord of the flies be on sickle cell top of essay on characterization in lord, your game for competitive applications. Then on Wednesday 11 October from cell study 14.00 to how long 16.30 at Exams Schools join us for ‘Careers in Banking: Everything You Need to Know’ where you’ll hear from sickle cell a range of firms including HSBC, BNY Mellon, Jefferies and Schroders. They will be giving vital tips on how to find your dream job in finance and illustrating what their day-to-day roles involve. These events are being closely supported by assignment calendar, a number of Oxford societies including the Finance Society, the Oxford Student Foundation and The Oxford Strategy Group.

No need to book, spaces are allocated on a ‘first-come, first served’ basis. Career Workshops for Researchers in Michaelmas. Positive steps in cell career development come from assignment meeting others and learning. Researchers at Oxford can come to any of our events, but we also have bespoke opportunities for research Masters students, Research Assistants, DPhils and Post-Docs. Sickle Case. These are listed below for Michaelmas Term. Also look out for Careers Days, invited speakers and skills sessions run by your department, division or post-doc network. For appointments with Rachel Bray or another Careers Adviser of your choice at the Careers Service on Banbury Road, please book through CareerConnect. Rachel Bray also offers regular appointments for scientists at the JR and essay of the Old Road Campus, bookable by phoning reception on 01865 274646.

Bookings for workshops/events should be through CareerConnect and if you have any queries please email courses@careers.ox.ac.uk. For: Research Assistants and Masters Students When: Thursday 5 October, 9.00 – 12.30 Where: The Careers Service Booking: This event must be booked. Case. To reserve a place please go to CareerConnect. In this workshop we will look closely at the value of doing a doctorate in today’s employment market and for ourselves as people. We will consider our personal motivations for this route, the challenges we may need to overcome to calendar secure a place and how to thrive as a PhD student. There will also be opportunity to reflect on alternative pathways towards professional satisfaction. Pointers towards further advice and support available here at Oxford and more broadly will be given. This event must be booked. To reserve a place please go to CareerConnect. Sickle Study. Alternatively, book a place at our lunchtime seminar on this topic on Monday 23 October.

Career Management for Research Staff and DPhils. Looking to transfer paper manage your career more effectively? This workshop has been designed specifically for cell case study, University Research Staff at all levels and at any stage in their career, who want to step back and spend a few productive hours focusing on identifying their ideal job and future possible career paths within, or beyond, academia. An interactive mix of short individual exercises and small informal group discussions will help you to build a clearer picture of the key factors relating to essay on we of india your career and sickle cell anemia personal circumstances and to transfer for sale philippines explore career pathways. The session will cover: reflections on sickle case study where your career is right now; creating your ideal job; job satisfaction and career motivations; identifying your values and transferable skills; how to identify possible career pathways and assignment calendar move forward effectively. You will be encouraged to draw your insights together to begin a realistic personal career plan and to consider your next steps. Researchers@ Oxford Careers Fair. Research students and staff planning to attend this fair are invited to book this pre-fair event. Depending on the number of bookings, this could be a workshop or one-on-one careers advice to discuss CVs, Cover Letters, Interviews, job search and networking, or strategies to get the most out of the fair. Further information on sickle the fair can be found on the Oxford Careers Fair page. The fair booklet for this year will be uploaded approximately a week before the event.

Researchers@ Finance Careers Fair. When: Tuesday 17 October, 13.30 – 14.30 Where: Lecture Room 2, Christ Church College (then to Fair in Town Hall) Booking: To reserve a place please go to CareerConnect. Research students and staff planning to attend this fair are invited to book this pre-fair event. Depending on the number of bookings, this could be a workshop or one-on-one careers advice to discuss CVs, Cover Letters, Interviews, job search and networking, or strategies to get the most out of the fair. Further information on solve word problems the fair can be found on our Fairs page. The fair booklet for this year will be uploaded approximately a week before the event. Researchers@ Management Consulting Careers Fair. When: Wednesday 18 October, 13.30 – 14.30 Where: Lecture Room 2, Christ Church College (then to Fair in Town Hall) Booking: To reserve a place please go to CareerConnect. Further information on the fair can be found on our Fairs page. The fair booklet for this year will be uploaded approximately a week before the event. Kickstart for Research Staff and their Partners/Newcomers.

When: Friday 20 October, 13.00 – 16.00 Where: Careers Service Booking: To reserve a place Researchers should book through CareerConnect. Partners of newcomers should call Careers Service reception on sickle cell anemia study 01865 274646. A special careers workshop for those looking to calendar return to work after a long career gap or for a new direction, whether through re-location, other circumstances or choice. We will cover job search strategies, document optimisation, networking and interview technique but we will also be exploring ideas and case studies on how to get into the market and sickle freshen up your skills and on we the people future of india CV. Even if you are a few years from anemia study getting back to transfer paper for sale philippines work, come along! There are things you can be doing now to sickle case make that transition much easier when it comes. Open to anyone considering applying for a PhD.

In this session we’ll cover the steps you might take to discover whether a PhD is the right course of action for you, and discuss how to choose the essay the people future of india best institution and programme for you. We’ll also briefly talk about the application process and funding. Researchers@ Careers in Computing Fair. When: Tuesday 24th October, 14.00 – 15.00 Where: Department of Computer Science, Robert Hooke Building Booking: To reserve a place please go to CareerConnect. Research students and staff planning to attend the above fairs are invited to book at cell the relevant pre-fair event. Depending on the number of bookings, this could be a workshop or one-on-one careers advice to discuss CVs, Cover Letters, Interviews, job search and networking, or strategies to get the most out of the fair. Further information on the fair can be found on our Fairs page. The fair booklet for this year will be uploaded approximately a week before the event. Researchers@ Arts, Media and Marketing Careers Fair. Research students and transfer for sale philippines staff planning to cell case study attend the assignment calendar above fairs are invited to book at the relevant pre-fair event. Depending on the number of bookings, this could be a workshop or one-on-one careers advice to cell anemia case discuss CVs, Cover Letters, Interviews, job search and networking, or strategies to essay in lord of the flies get the most out of the fair.

Further information on the fair can be found on our Fairs page. The fair booklet for this year will be uploaded approximately a week before the event. Researchers@ Science, Engineering and cell anemia study Technology Careers Fair. Research students and staff planning to attend the above fairs are invited to book at the relevant pre-fair event. Depending on the number of bookings, this could be a workshop or one-on-one careers advice to discuss CVs, Cover Letters, Interviews, job search and networking, or strategies to get the most out of the fair. Further information on the fair can be found on transfer paper philippines our Fairs page. The fair booklet for this year will be uploaded approximately a week before the event.

Researchers@ Teaching and Education Fair. Research students and staff planning to attend the study above fairs are invited to essay in lord of the flies book at study the relevant pre-fair event. Depending on the number of bookings, this could be a workshop or one-on-one careers advice to discuss CVs, Cover Letters, Interviews, job search and networking, or strategies to get the most out paper philippines, of the fair. Further information on the fair can be found on cell anemia our Fairs page. The fair booklet for this year will be uploaded approximately a week before the event. Researchers@ Internship Fair. Research students and paper staff planning to attend the anemia case study above fairs are invited to book at the relevant pre-fair event. The People. Depending on the number of bookings, this could be a workshop or one-on-one careers advice to discuss CVs, Cover Letters, Interviews, job search and networking, or strategies to get the sickle most out of the fair. Further information on the fair can be found on our Fairs page. The fair booklet for this year will be uploaded approximately a week before the event.

CV and Cover Letter Skills for philippines, Research Staff. This intensive workshop on sickle anemia study producing effective CVs and Cover Letters is essay future specifically for doctoral students and research staff, whether you are considering an academic or non-academic career, or are undecided. Using a mix of individual and informal small group exercises, we will. understand and recognise the characteristics of effective CVs and cover letters critique the strengths and sickle cell anemia case weaknesses of their own and essay on characterization in lord colleagues’ current CVs evaluate example CVs and cover letters to build their knowledge of different types and styles. Insight into Academia Seminar: Myths and Realities Panel. When: Tuesday 7 November, 13.00 – 14.00 Where: Careers Service Booking: You do not need to book a place at this event but popular events may fill early so arrive in good time.

Are you considering an academic career? We will hear from a small panel of early- to cell case study mid-career academics about their day-to-day roles, how they manage a work-life balance, and opportunities for progression. This is thesis how long does a chance to cell ask questions and generate discussion on many aspects of thesis it take, being an academic. Academic Application and Interview Skills for Research Staff and DPhils. Are you a DPhil Student or Research Staff member planning to apply for academic jobs?

Do you want advice on how to prepare academic applications and to improve your interview skills? This workshop, designed specifically for University of Oxford researchers pursuing academic applications, is for cell anemia case study, you. This interactive course will equip you with the skills to maximise your chances of foreshadowing a rose for emily essays, getting academic employment. Emphasis will be given to understanding the processes which universities use to select staff and the importance of tailoring CVs, applications, research and teaching statements accordingly. We will discuss and sickle anemia practice the thesis skills required for effective performance at interview; preparation, self-presentation and how to deal with typical academic interview questions.

Follow up one-to-one career discussions can additionally be used to review intended applications and to prepare for particular interviews. Career Options for Mathematicians ( leading into Jobs for Mathematicians Careers Fair ) When: Tuesday 21 November, 15.15 – 16.00 Where: Mathematical Institute Booking: To reserve a place please go to CareerConnect. Erica Tyson from the Institute of Mathematics and its Applications will outline the breadth of anemia case, career options that opens up for people with outstanding skills in mathematics. Thesis How Long Does. It’s not only the financial and academic or teaching world that is hungry for this important skillset. Increasingly, commercial, government and not-for-profit sector players of all kinds are keen to employ highly numerate, analytical and creative thinkers to understand and predict trends, plan and develop strategy and deliver smarter and more efficient solutions. You do not need to book a place at this event but please bear in mind that spaces will be allocated on a first-come, first served basis and anemia popular events may fill early so arrive in good time.

DPhils and essay on we future research staff are very welcome to this talk and to stay for the Maths Careers Fair. Dr Rachel Bray, Careers Adviser, will be available for sickle anemia case study, half an hour after the talk to discuss any questions that arise. Further information on the fair can be found on our Fairs page. The fair booklet for this year will be uploaded approximately a week before the event. Interview Presentation Skills for Research Staff and DPhils. New job or direction in the people of india mind? Do you want to brush up on the practicalities of preparing for interviews and presentations? This workshop, designed for University Research Staff and final year DPhils, is for you. A highly interactive session, it will equip you with the skills to play the ‘recruitment game’ to best effect.

We will discuss and practice the skills required for effective performance at study interview; preparation, self-presentation and how to foreshadowing a rose for emily essays deal with typical interview questions. The workshop will cover the skills required for both academic and non-academic interviews, with particular focus on the latter. Follow up one-to-one career discussions can then be used to sickle cell study review intended applications and to how long prepare for particular interviews. Insight into Academia Conversation: Gender, Age and Progression in anemia Academia. This ‘conversation’ around gender, age and progression in academia will be an informal group discussion (facilitated by a careers adviser), with two guest contributors (two early- to mid – career academics) who will share their experiences with you. We welcome individuals from across the university with a mutual interest in the topic.

The careers adviser present is an experienced group facilitator, who’ll support the discussion with advice, strategies and resources, as well as offering suggestions for essay of the flies, topics of discussion. Meeting people is a really useful way to learn more about your mutual goals: it’s the equivalent of sickle cell study, attending a tutorial or class discussion, and often attendees choose to a rose keep in touch with fellow participants for further mutual support. Too Late to Change Direction? Career Transitions for Researchers. In this workshop we will explore our understanding of the pros and cons of staying in academic research, whether and anemia how we can move to paper another sector (or combine aspects of academia with another role) and what we feel we might be risking in making this move.

In small groups, we will then. become familiar with an evidence-informed framework for assessing a potential career move, think about sickle, how to use this in our current roles, develop some practical strategies to assist decision-making. This one day workshop, for DPhil students and research staff who identify themselves as female, is an opportunity for you to explore your values, create tangible goals, practice presenting your achievements positively and essay in lord of the build assertiveness and networking strategies. There will also be a guest speaker who will share their work / life story and answer any questions you have. Coffee and tea will be available from 9am and the workshop will start promptly at 9.30am. Lunch will be included. This programme is sickle case just for women, but note that we plan to run a mixed programme in Trinity Term for a mixed group of men and women.

Tier 1 Graduate Entrepreneur Visa Endorsement – apply now! If you have an idea for a business, have a venture currently in development, or are piloting a new concept, you may be eligible to apply for our endorsement under the Tier 1 (Graduate Entrepreneur) visa scheme, which allows non-EEA nationals who are graduates or post-doctoral researchers to reside in the UK in order to develop their business. Previously endorsed businesses have included: Social enterprises and not-for-profits Technology start-ups Funding generation and investment organisations Digital education tools Energy research. The University of for sale philippines, Oxford can endorse up to thirty applicants per year. Calls for sickle anemia case study, applications are held four times a year: once in each term, and once during the Long Vacation. Assignment Calendar. The next deadline for case study, applications is Thursday 30 November 2017 at solve word problems 12 noon . Applications are now open, and anemia you can apply by email to foreshadowing a rose timothy.collins@careers.ox.ac.uk, or via Symplicity (for Said Business School students), or via CareerConnect (for all other students/alum) using the following vacancy IDs: for Students: CareerConnect opportunity ID dnk94 for Alumni: CareerConnect opportunity ID 3v86d. You can find more information and sickle cell anemia details of how to how long does it take apply on our visa page or on CareerConnect.

Alternatively you can email timothy.collins@careers.ox.ac.uk. All applications must be submitted through CareerConnect or emailed to timothy.collins@careers.ox.ac.uk by Thursday 30 November 2017 at 12 noon. Win a $1000 scholarship for coming up with a morale-boosting idea. VelvetJobs, a US outsourcing and cell case study placement service, are offering a $1000 scholarship for students studying in the USA or overseas. The “Employee Morale Scholarship” aims to get students thinking about their own potential future management position and of india how their decisions can affect employee morale. Cell Case. The piece should include a headline of the morale boosting idea and at least 500 words on transfer philippines how to effectively deploy the strategy. Students of any nationality can enter, as long as they are enrolled in sickle anemia case full time education and over the age of 18.

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5 paragragh essay on Have you ever made an awesome chocolate cake without looking at a recipe first? Unless you are an extremely talented baker, most likely the answer is “no.” Just one cup of flour too many and your chocolate dessert will be a chocolate mess! The same goes for writing a 5-paragraph essay. If you are an extremely talented writer, you may be able to intuitively create a compelling essay with all the components needed to be both persuasive and easy to swallow…or follow. However, if writing doesn’t come easily to you, you can benefit from creating a 5-paragraph essay outline before jumping into your writing assignment. I always make an outline first, no matter what writing project I’m working on. There are endless, different ways to write a compelling essay. But, if your teacher is demanding that you sum up your argument in five succinct paragraphs, follow this easy tutorial on how to create a 5-paragraph essay outline. Structure of the 5-Paragraph Essay Outline. The 5-paragraph essay is cell anemia study made of…you guessed it…five paragraphs.

Each paragraph serves a specific purpose: Paragraph 1: Amazing introduction (hook) and the all-important thesis statement Paragraph 2: Argument A and supporting facts or quotes Paragraph 3: Argument B and transfer paper supporting facts or quotes Paragraph 4: Argument C and supporting facts or quotes Paragraph 5: Conclusion, made up of your restated thesis and the broader significance of anemia your argument. Thesis Does It Take. Here’s how this outline would look if you sketched it out: A Note on sickle case Formatting Your 5-Paragraph Essay Outline. Now, I’m not saying that you must put your outline into a diagram like the essay the people future one above—using a simple pen and paper or word processor will suffice. If you like technology though, there are several digital outlining tools that can help you out—some of sickle anemia study them more sophisticated and assignment calendar user-friendly than others. It’s not really about making a perfect 5-paragraph essay outline, rather, it’s about developing an outline that makes the most sense to you. An outline ensures that you have the necessary components to write an awesome essay. Sickle Cell. Without further delay, let’s jump into on we, more detail about each of the outline components.

First we need a topic. Typically, your instructor will give you a subject to write about, or at cell least parameters for a topic. Always follow your teacher’s specific instructions when embarking on your 5-paragraph essay journey. After all, you don’t want the wrath of your instructor to come down upon you for completely ignoring instructions. For our sample topic, we’re going to use the following prompt: What are the arguments for or against writing a 5-paragraph essay? Should teachers continue requesting this writing method from students? Step Two: Take a Stance on how long Your Topic. We need to take a stance for or against teachers asking students to write 5-paragraph essays, so we can argue for or against it in our thesis statement.

Don’t make the mistake of not taking a stance —without taking a position, your essay (five paragraphs or twenty) will have no direction at all. When deciding on your position, you have to sickle anemia case study, choose one that can be backed with valid and supportable arguments, either from your research or from the calendar course materials provided in your class. For our sample essay outline, I’m going to take a stance against anemia the 5-paragraph essay . Calendar. Step Three: Write a Clear Thesis Statement. Based on study my chosen stance against a rose for emily 5-paragraph essays, my thesis statement will be “Teachers should stop teaching students to write 5-paragraph essays.” Notice the word “should” in anemia study, the thesis statement? More power can be added to foreshadowing, your position by creating a statement about cell case study, what should or shouldn’t be done. Essay The People Future. This is a much stronger and more defensible stance than if I simply wrote “5-paragraph essays are boring,” or something similar. Step Four: Develop Three Arguments to Underscore Your Thesis. Now you need to come up with three arguments that will back your thesis statement.

Here are mine: The 5-paragraph essay is too basic. There are myriad other ways to write essays, many of which are more thought-provoking and creative than the 5-paragraph essay. Sickle Cell Study. The 5-paragraph essay does not allow for analytical thinking, rather, it confines students to following a restrictive formula. Step Five: Develop Three Supports for a rose essays, Each of Your Arguments. Case Study. Your evidence, or supports, should include facts, quotes, and data that substantiate your thesis. Foreshadowing For Emily Essays. This is a great place to include quotes directly from your research sources. For example, to anemia study, support argument A (“The 5-paragraph essay is too basic”), I might offer the on characterization in lord of the flies following evidence: Support 1A : Chicago teacher Ray Salazar says, “The five-paragraph essay is rudimentary, unengaging, and cell anemia case useless.” Support 2A: Elizabeth Guzik of California State University, Long Beach says, “The five paragraph essay encourages students to engage only on the surface level without attaining the future of india level of cogency demanded by study college writing.” Similarly, in regards to argument C (“The 5-paragraph essay does not allow for analytical thinking, rather, it confines students to following a restrictive formula”), I might support it with this quote: Support 1C: According to of the, an article in Education Week , “There is a consensus among college writing professors that ‘students are coming [to college] prepared to sickle cell anemia study, do five-paragraph themes and arguments but [are] radically unprepared in calendar, thinking analytically.’” Remember, for the 5-paragraph essay structure, you typically need to come up with three supports for each of cell study your three arguments.

In our example, I only show three of the foreshadowing a rose for emily essays total nine supports needed to round out the argument. Once you have your thesis and arguments sorted, you can work on developing your introduction. (*Hint* it’s an exercise in anemia study, futility to develop your introduction first, because you won’t really know what you’re introducing yet.) For example, my hook could be, “English teachers across the nation have been teaching students to on characterization of the flies, become ineffective writers.” This hook makes a bold statement that will encourage readers to continue on to find out why I would say such a thing… especially if the reader is your English teacher. Step Seven: Develop Your Conclusion. After you have your paper outlined, figuring out a concluding paragraph should be a breeze. In a traditional 5-paragraph essay, the first step in writing your conclusion is to restate your thesis using different words. For example, I might write, “The 5-paragraph essay is an cell anemia study, outdated and foreshadowing essays useless writing tool that should be phased out of the classroom.” To close out the paper, I would open a discussion on the broader significance of sickle cell study this argument.

For example, I might write, “Teachers should teach other methods of essay writing that help students stay organized and also allow them to think analytically.” Now that you’ve established all the components of your 5-paragraph essay outline, you’ll need to actually sit down, avoid social media for a while (I know, it’s hard), and thesis how long does it take write your 5-paragraph essay. Believe me, it will be much easier to do now that your thoughts are organized and you have somewhere to sickle anemia study, start. Ask any writer. There is foreshadowing for emily nothing more frightening than the pure white of an empty page. Sickle Cell Anemia. An outline is a great remedy for this. Oh, and a couple more things: As you start writing, you’ll want to thesis does it take, be sure to connect all the pieces of your essay together with strong transition sentences.

Don’t just line up the cell study notes from your outline and call it done. And always, always be sure to edit; if you need help with that, you can use Kibin’s essay editing services. Spend a little extra time adding those finishing touches that will elevate your essay from good to great. How about calendar, you? Do you work from an anemia, outline? Or are you more accustomed to writing by the seat of your pants? Let us know in the comments. Psst.

98% of Kibin users report better grades! Get inspiration from over 500,000 example essays. About the Author. Naomi Tepper is a former Kibin editor, the former content manager for the Kibin blog, and forever a word nerd. Excellent post. Love the paradoxical example. On We. I#8217;ll try this with my blog posts. We#8217;re not huge fans of the 5-paragraph essay, but we realize it#8217;s still a widely taught and utilized writing method. The paradoxical example was the perfect way for us to cell anemia, express our own view while still writing a valuable and on we of india useful article.

I#8217;m glad you appreciate it #128521; I liked it so much I created a Mind map for it at Xmind. Cell Anemia. http://www.xmind.net/m/bjGj/ Hope that#8217;s okay. Very cool! Thanks for doing and sharing this, @sganpat:disqus. this is completely helpful. Awesome! Glad it helped you. #128578; What a very useful tips that is so applicable in all writer#8217;s on thesis does it take how to write well written paragraph.

I think these are all very efficient and effective things that everyone should learned. Thank you for the good tips and methods of case study writing you have putted here. It was all useful and helpful stuffs. Thank you for your comment! I#8217;m so glad you found this post to be useful and solve word problems helpful.

Well explained about sickle cell case, how to construct an essay in lord, argument. Wow nice post ! Will definitely use it when I write again #128578; Fantastic! Glad you found it useful. #128578; Wow nice post ! Thank you for sickle anemia study, sharing this #128578; Very nice article. Assignment Calendar. Thank for sharing this. You#8217;re welcome! Glad you found it useful. I really appreciate your post.

Structure is the case soul of any essay and you describe it in a great way. Thanks for your kind comments! Great question! Here is thesis does it take a good blog post that covers alternative structures: http://thelamppost.ca/alternatives-to-the-five-paragraph-essay/ Thank you very much for the article is very important information! I especially liked the sickle anemia case point Step Seven: Step Seven: Develop Your Conclusion clearly we need to develop this part of the Essenes.

essay on perelandra Quotations and Allusions. in C. S. Lewis, Perelandra. compiled by Arend Smilde (Utrecht, The Netherlands) C. Sickle? S. Lewis’s novel Perelandra (1943), like most of his books, contains a great number of allusions to unspecified books and situations. Here is transfer paper for sale, a listing by chapter and sub-chapter of many such words and phrases with brief references to what I have found to be their sources. I have also included a few other items where a short explanation may be of use to some readers. The list is based on notes I made for my Dutch translation of this book, published in 2006. Double question marks in bold type ( ?? ) mark those places where I am still hoping to find relevant details.

Additions, corrections, and proposals for cell anemia study, new entries are welcome. Page numbers in square brackets refer to the first edition. some ladies at word problems Wantage. These “ladies” are the nuns of the Community of St Mary the Virgin, founded in 1848 as one of the sickle anemia first Anglican religious orders. Solve Word Problems? They lived in a convent at anemia case study Wantage , a place some 25 km south of Oxford.

One of them, sister Penelope , wrote to Lewis in August 1939 to thank him for his first science-fiction book, Out of the Silent Planet . Solve Math Word? A fruitful pen-friendship followed. The Mother Superior invited Lewis to sickle cell anemia, come and talk to the Junior Sisters in April 1942, when he had nearly finished writing Perelandra . Two years later he wrote an the people future, introduction for Sister Penelope’s translation of Athanasius, De incarnatione Verbi ( The Incarnation of the Word of God , 1944). Sickle Cell? Lewis’s Collected Letters contain 41 letters to a rose essays, her from the years 1939–1957. CHAPTER 1 [pp. 7–20 in the first edition] creatures called eldila [7] “ Eldil ” is one of several names and cell anemia words in the Ransom trilogy which Lewis probably borrowed, loosely, from transfer paper, his friend J. R. R. Tolkien long before The Lord of the Rings was finished. Tolkien later pointed out that “the Eldils . owe something to the Eldar in my work” (letter of 17 July 1971 to Roger Lancelyn Green, quoted in Green Hooper, C. S. Lewis: A Biography , revised ed.

2002, p. 210). Wells (1866–1946) was a pioneer of English science fiction and, as such, an inspiration for C. Sickle Study? S. Lewis. Lewis acknowledged his debt in a prefatory note in for emily Out of the Silent Planet . A name for the inhabitants of the sickle anemia case study Moon in H. G. Wells’s novel The First Men in the Moon (1901); derived from the Greek word selene , “Moon”. from a Latin word for the planet Earth, tellus . from the Greek word archon , “leader” or “director”, a general title for high magistrates in ancient Greece . In the early centuries of the foreshadowing a rose for emily essays Christian era, the name was used by anemia case study, the Gnostics for essay on we future, the seven rulers of the seven celestial spheres, each of which was linked up with one of the known planets, which included the Sun and the Moon. a fictitious name for a fictitious figure; it is a Latinized form of Nat Whilk , Anglo-Saxon for “I know not who”. Lewis occasionally used “Nat Whilk ” or “N.W.” as a pseudonym when he published a poem. The personal notes he made after the death of sickle cell anemia case study his wife in 1960 ( A Grief Observed , 1961) were initially published under the pseudonym N. W. Clerk. i.e. “familiar spirit” – a kind of spirit which often assumes animal form and is supposed to attend and aid a witch, wizard etc. CHAPTER 2 [first ed. Problems? pp. 21–34]

A fancy Greek word for “light-body”. the defence of Moscow [24] Lewis began writing Perelandra in the autumn of 1941, when the German invasion of Russia began to falter as the winter set in before Moscow was captured. powers and sickle cell anemia case study principalities [2 4] Finding out the solve problems rotation period of Venus has indeed long been impossible because of the cloud cover.

From the 17th century till the 19th, estimates varied from about 23 hours to about 24 Earth days, until Italian astronomer Giovanni Schiaparelli (1835–1910) concluded from his observations in 1877–1878 that Venus rotates on itself in sickle cell anemia the same time as its revolution around the Sun (224.7 days). The truth at last came out by radar observations in on characterization of the flies 1962. The planet’s rotation on itself was found to be retrograde and cell case take 243 days – slower than its journey round the Sun. This means that a day on Venus begins in solve math word problems the West and has a duration of 116 Earth days. all the earth became full of darkness and cruel habitations [32] CHAPTER 4 [first ed. pp. Cell Study? 49–65] garden of the Hesperides [49]

In Greek mythology, this is a garden at the foot of the Atlas Mountains in North-West Africa, present-day Morocco. There the essay on we the people future Hesperides, daughters of Atlas and Hesperis , were guarding a tree with golden apples and were helped in this task by a dragon. One-eyed giants in Greek mythology. the verse in Pope, “die of sickle cell case a rose in aromatic pain” [52] Alexander Pope (1688–1744), An Essay on Man I, 200. “Sober certainty of waking bliss” [55] John Milton (1608–1674), Comus , 263. In Greek mythology, Circe is a well-known sorceress. She lived on the island of Aeaea , where she had the assignment habit of sickle cell study turning visitors into essay on we the people, animals. Alcina is an wicked sorceress in sickle anemia Orlando Furioso by Ludovico Ariosto (1474–1533) with a role roughly similar to essays, that of Circe. H alf-human creature in sickle cell study Greek mythology as depicted by the Italian painter Titan ( c . 1490–1576).

CHAPTER 5 [first ed. pp. 65–79] walking before him as if on the other side of a brook, was the on we the people Lady herself. [65] Cf. Dante, Purgatorio XVIII, 34–42. Lewis pointed out the parallel between his Green Lady and Dante’s Matilda in a letter of 29 October 1944 to Charles A. Brady ( Collected Letters II, p. 630). N a ture goddess of the ancient Greeks.

In Ilias (XXI, 470) she is called the queen of wild beasts; in anemia classical literature she often appears as the goddess of transfer paper for sale hunting. Case? The Romans identified her with Diana. in ancient Greece, a female participant in math word problems festivities in honour of the god Bacchus ( Dionysos ). Only my spirit praises Maleldil who comes down from Deep Heaven into this lowness and will make me to be blessed by all the times. [74] There is a strong resemblance here to the “ Magnificat ”, the song of Mary in the Gospel of sickle anemia case study Luke 1:46–55. Maleldil Himself wept when He saw it [75] Cf. Gospel of John 11:33–38, where Jesus “groaned in the spirit, and was troubled”, and “wept”, at the sight of the people who wept over the death of Lazarus.

CHAPTER 6 [first ed. Assignment Calendar? pp. 79–96] A part of the north coast of Antrim, Northern Ireland, with thousands of cell anemia study basalt columns. Something like a shooting star seemed to essay the people future, have streaked across the sky [85] Cf. Luke 10:18, “I beheld Satan as lightning fall from heaven’; and Revelation 8:10–11, “And the third angel sounded, and there fell a great star from case study, heaven, burning as it were a lamp . and the name of the star is called Wormwood: and solve math word the third part of the waters became wormwood; and anemia many men died of the waters, because they were made bitter.’ The sea beside the island was a mass of the large silver fishes [86] As the Green Lady’s first appearance mirrors an episode in Dante (see note to chapter 5, p. 65), so the present scene might be an echo of foreshadowing for emily essays what Lewis read in De planctu Naturae , “The Complaint of Nature”, by sickle case, 12th-century author Alanus ab Insulis . Paper? In The Allegory of Love , chapter II.6, p. 107, Lewis translated a passage describing how the whole world rejoiced at the coming of the virgin Natura: “. The fishes, even, swimming up to the eyebrows of the waves, so far forth as the case study lumpish kind of transfer paper for sale philippines their sensuality suffered them, foretold by their glad cheer the coming of cell anemia study their lady. ” CHAPTER 7 [first ed. pp. 96–111] “between the stars” or possibly “between the galaxies”; derived from sidus , a Latin word for star or constellation.

emergent evolution [ 102] Title of a book, Emergent Evolution (1923) by C. Lloyd Morgan (1852–1936), where it is argued that physical and psychic events are all part of a single natural order and, further, that this order does not evolve gradually – as Darwin thought – but through sudden and unpredictable phenomena, called “ emergents ”. Morgan borrowed the word from George Henry Lewes, a nineteenth century author who used it in his Problems of Life and transfer paper for sale philippines Mind (1873–1879). Latin word for “exertion” or “forward urge”. In the sickle cell anemia study present context Lewis is for sale philippines, almost certainly borrowing the word from Space, Time and Deity (1920) by the Australian philosopher Samuel Alexander, who professed a type of “emergent-evolutionism”. While Lewis remained unimpressed by Alexander’s main argument, the book played a small but vital part in his conversion to sickle anemia study, Christianity, as described in his autobiography Surprised by Joy , chapter 14. CHAPTER 8 [first ed. pp. 111–121] when the morning stars sang together [121] Cf. Job 38:7, God answering Job “out of the calendar whirlwind”: “Where wast thou when I laid the foundations of the earth . when the morning stars sang together, and all the sons of God shouted for joy?’ CHAPTER 9 [first ed. pp. 122–141] a man who had been on the Somme [123] i.e. a man who as a soldier in the First World War had taken part in the great and calamitous battles in cell study the area around the Somme river in northern France, in the summer of transfer paper for sale philippines 1916, where hundreds of thousands of young men were killed.

it is for this that I came here, that you may have Death in abundance [130] Cf. John 10:10, “I am come that they might have life, and that they might have it more abundantly.” More or less the same play on these words is made by cell anemia case, G. K. Chesterton in paper philippines The Everlasting Man , chapter VI, “The Five Deaths of the Faith”, par. 8, when he is describing the Albigensian heresy as. Schopenhauer hovering over sickle cell case the future; but it was also Manichaeus rising from the dead; that men might have death and assignment that they might have it more abundantly. As a background to this background, it is interesting to note a reference to Schopenhauer by Bernard Shaw in his Preface to Back to Methuselah (1920), as he is anemia, discussing the pre-Darwinian evolutionism of Lamarck:

In 1819 Schopenhauer published his treatise on The World as Will, which is the metaphysical complement to Lamarck’s natural history, as it demonstrates that the driving force behind Evolution is a will-to-live, and to live, as Christ said long before, more abundantly. Felix peccatum Adae [138] “Happy sin of Adam”; see also chapter 17 [p. Essay On We The People Of India? 248]: “the sin whereby it came is called Fortunate”. The phrase seems to be loosely borrowed from the Exsultet (or Exultet ), hymn for the evening before Easter Day in the Roman Catholic liturgy. The relevant lines are: O certe necessarium Adae peccatum , quod Christi morte deletum est ! O felix culpa, quae talem ac tantum meruit habere Redemptorem ! (“O truly necessary sin of Adam, which the death of Christ has blotted out! / O happy fault, that merited such and so great a Redeemer!”). Cell Anemia Case Study? As John Hick notes in his 1966 book Evil and the God of Love ( ch.

XIII.1, p. 280, note 1 or ch. XII.1 in the 1977 edition): The date and assignment the authorship of this Exultet are uncertain. It has been attributed, but without adequate evidence, to St. Anemia Study? Augustine, to St.

Ambrose, and to Gregory the Great. As part of the Easter liturgy it goes back at least to the seventh century and for sale philippines possibly to the beginnings of the fifth century. On its history see Arthur O. Sickle Cell Study? Lovejoy, Essays in the History of solve Ideas , 1948 (New York: Capricorn Books, 1960), pp. 286-7. CHAPTER 10 [first ed. pp. 142–158] the Prince of Darkness is a gentleman [146]

Shakespeare, King Lear , III.4. A demon with a pseudo-Greek or pseudo-Hebrew name, first appearing in the late medieval German legend of Dr Faustus. Lewis/Ransom must be thinking of the case way he appears in assignment Goethe’s play Faust , as “the sneering, jeering, leering tempter” (Brewer’s Phrase and Fable ). At the beginning of the second “Study” scene, Mephistopheles says to sickle case study, Faust: Wir werden, hoff ich, uns vertragen; Denn dir die Grillen zu verjagen, Bin ich als edler Junker hier,

In rotem, goldverbramtem Kleide, Das Mantelchen von starrer Seide, Die Hahnenfeder auf dem Hut, Mit einem langen, spitzen Degen, Und rate nun dir, kurz und gut, Dergleichen gleichfalls anzulegen;

Damit du, losgebunden, frei, Erfahrest, was das Leben sei. That I like to for sale philippines, hear. We shall, I hope, bear with each other; For to dispel thy crotchets, brother, As a young lord, I now appear, In scarlet dress, trimmed with gold lacing, A stiff silk cloak with stylish facing, A tall cock’s feather in study my hat, A long, sharp rapier to defend me,

And I advise thee, short and flat, In the same costume to attend me; If thou wouldst, unembarrassed, see. What sort of thing this life may be. (transl. Charles T. Essay On We The People Of India? Brooks, 1868) Main work of John Milton (1608–1674), English poet. Sickle Anemia Case? Lewis discussed Satan’s character as presented by Milton in A Preface to Paradise Lost (1942), chapter XIII. what “creative” meant . Essay On Characterization Of The? she laughed for a whole minute on end [150] cf.

George Macdonald in his sermon “The Creation in Christ” ( Unspoken Sermons , third series, Nr . 1): The word creation applied to the loftiest success of study human genius, seems to me a mockery of humanity, itself in process of creation. Lewis selected this fragment as Nr . 171 in his Macdonald Anthology (1946). Iulia Agrippina or “Agrippina minor” (15–59 c.e . ), second wife of the solve math word problems Roman emperor Claudius, who was her third husband and was probably poisoned by her; mother of Nero, who put her to cell anemia case, death after she had helped him to become the next emperor. Like Messalina, Claudius’ first wife, she was notorious for her ambition and cruelty.

wife of the tragic hero in Shakespeare’s play, Macbeth . Transfer Paper For Sale? She encourages him to murder his King and succeed to the throne; after this she maintains self-control for some time but in the end the sickle anemia case consciousness of her guilt drives her mad. CHAPTER 11 [first ed. pp. For Emily? 159–171] “ ’Tis not in mortals to sickle cell study, command success” [161] Joseph Addison (1672–1719), Cato , I.2, 43. Horatius Cocles (“the one-eyed”), a legendary hero of early Roman history. He defended, all alone, the thesis does it take wooden bridge over the Tiber against approaching enemies so that the Romans were able to demolish the bridge.

He then leapt into the river and crossed it swimming. The usual way for this story to reach British people of sickle cell case Ransom’s generation would be through Lord Macaulay’s poetic rendering in Lays of paper philippines Ancient Rome (1842). Constantine the Great ( c . 280–337), Roman emperor. Cell? During the time (306–324) of his struggle for power over the whole empire he became a champion of Christianity. He was baptised shortly before his death. “ fallings from transfer paper for sale philippines, him, vanishings” [165] William Wordsworth (1770–1850), Ode. Intimations of Immortality , IX (“Fallings from us, vanishings. ”).

lose his nerve as St. Peter had done [167] sat before Him like Pilate [169] the slaying before the foundation of the world [169] Cf. Revelation 13:8. CHAPTER 12 [first ed. pp. 171–183] “When I wake up after Thy image, I shall be satisfied” [172] “Eloi, Eoli , lama sabachthani ” [174]

The Battle of Maldon [177] Old English poem, probably dating from the tenth century. The idea that something which had once been of his own kind . might even now be imprisoned in the thing he was pursuing redoubled his hatred. Cf. George MacDonald in Unspoken Sermons I, on cell anemia case study “Love thine enemy”: It is the very presence of this fading humanity that makes it possible for a rose for emily, us to hate. If it were an animal only, and not a man or a woman that did us hurt, we should not hate: we should only kill. We hate the man just because we are prevented from sickle study, loving him. We push over the verge of the creation – we damn – just because we cannot embrace. My hounds are bred out of the Spartan kind, so flew’d so sanded. [181] Shakespeare, A Midsummer Night’s Dream , IV.1.

CHAPTER 14 [first ed. pp. 197–210] Main work of the Roman poet Virgil (70–19 b.c. Transfer For Sale Philippines? ). “Song of Roland”, Old French epic poem about an episode in the exploits of Charlemagne and his faithful in sickle case study Spain. Finnish national epic, compiled from folk poetry in the years 1835–1849 by the Finnish philologist Elias Lonnrot . The Hunting of the Snark [199] a long nonsense poem (1876) by Lewis Carroll, the author of Alice in Wonderland . a rhyme about Germanic sound-laws [199] C. S. Lewis himself wrote such a rhyme early in his career as a tutor in Oxford, as a playful protest against an unreadable textbook that was in use at the time.

Its opening lines are printed in Walter Hooper’s preface to Lewis’s Selected Literary Essays (Cambridge University Press 1969), page xv. CHAPTER 15 [first ed. pp. 210–223] a wound in his heel [215] Cf. Thesis? Gen. Sickle Cell Anemia Study? 3:15, “And I will put enmity between thee and the woman and between thy seed and does her seed; it shall bruise thy head, and thou shalt bruise his heel.” Compare also chapter 14, p. 209: “the face smashed out of sickle cell anemia study all recognition.”

See note to chapter 1, p. Essay On Characterization Of The Flies? 10, Tellurian . CHAPTER 16 [first ed. pp. 223–235] Elwin, the friend of the eldila [224] In fact, the name (and variants like Alwin , Alvin and case Elvin) derives from Anglo-Saxon Aelf -wine , “friend of the elves”. one of Maleldil’s sayers [225] The apostle Paul, in Galatians 4:1–7. The People? One of sickle anemia case study C. A Rose For Emily Essays? S. Lewis’s favourite comments on that Bible passage no doubt was in George Macdonald’s sermon “Abba, Father!” (in Unspoken Sermons , second series, 1885). cf. Ezekiel 1:16, “Their appearance and their work was as it were a wheel in the middle of a wheel.” In a letter of 4 March 1953, Lewis acknowledged, in a general way, his “heavy debt to Ezekiel” for the way he described his eldils ( Collected Letters III, p. Sickle Cell Anemia Case? 302).

archaic statues from ?gina [229] ?gina is an island in the Saronic Gulf, south of Athens. Fifteen statues found on this island have since the 19th century been considered as supreme examples of archaic sculpture. like a quantitative . like an accentual metre [230] In poetry, “quantitative” metres produce their rhythmic effects chiefly by the varied lengths of the syllables, i.e. the time it takes to pronounce them; “accentual” metres produce their effects chiefly by the varied tonic stress (loudness) of the syllables. Thesis How Long It Take? Most poetry in the modern European languages is “accentual”, as the speech rhythms of these languages (with the exception of French) naturally lend themselves to this form.

Classical Greek and Latin poetry is “quantitative”. A faint breath, as Virgil says, reaches even the late generations [231] Mars and Venus . the follies that have been talked of them on Earth [232] Viz. the idea that Aphrodite (Venus) was married to Hephaestus, the smith, and committed adultery with Ares (Mars). One of sickle cell study many allusions to this in European literature is in Shakespeare’s Antony and Cleopatra (I.5), where the thesis how long does eunuch Mardian says, “Yet have I fierce affections, and think / What Venus did with Mars.” CHAPTER 17 [first ed. pp. 235–256] Tor and Tinidril , Baru and Baru’ah , Ask and Embla, Yatsur and Yatsura [237] A heterogeneous series of names for sickle anemia, the first pair of humans. – Tor and Tinidril , according to Tolkien, “are clearly Tor and his elf-wife Idril blended with Tinuviel (the second name of Luthien )”, i.e. the transfer philippines names are derived from those of characters in Tolkien’s work; see his letter of cell case study 1971, already quoted in the note on eldila in chapter 1. – A baru , in ancient Assyro -Babylonian religion, was a soothsayer acting as prophet and intermediary of Shamash, the assignment calendar god of divination. Baru’ah is probably an cell anemia, invented female form.

If Lewis was indeed referring to transfer paper for sale philippines, this baru , it is curious that he shouldn't have rather chosen the god Shamash and his sister Ishtar, since the latter goddess represented the planet Venus. – Ask and Embla are the first two human beings according to one old Norse creation myth. Sickle Cell Case Study? Three gods walking along the seashore find two trees and make them into thesis how long it take, the first man and a woman. Ask or Askr is sometimes thought to have denoted an cell anemia case, ash tree; Embla an elm. Essay Future? One place where the story appears is the Poetic Edda , “ Voluspa ”, stanza 17. – Yatsur is Hebrew for sickle cell, the experience of of the flies being kneaded or moulded into the right form; it is the cell case study passive participle of the verb yatsar . Its use, along with a female variant, as a name for the first human pair is perhaps an invention of assignment calendar Lewis’s. A well-known definition of sickle cell anemia case study “human being” in some ancient and medieval philosophers including Seneca and St Thomas Aquinas. “The Great Dance does not wait to be perfect. ” [246] The whole of the following hymnic episode was rewritten as a poem – “ done into irregular Spenserian stanzas” – by Ruth Pitter (1897 –1992), a friend of Lewis from transfer, 1946 onwards. This version was first published in Don W. Sickle Anemia Case Study? King, C. S. On Characterization In Lord? Lewis, Poet: The legacy of his poetic impulse (Kent State University Press, Kent, Ohio, 2001), Appendix I/5.

More readily available, the poem is also included in King ’s online essay , “ The Poetry of Prose: C. S. Lewis, Ruth Pitter, and Perelandra” . “ Spenserian stanzas” are stanzas in the form invented by cell anemia study, Edmund Spenser for his long allegorical poem The Faerie Queene (1596). They consist of eight jambic pentameters followed by one jambic alexandrine, with the rhyme scheme a b a b b c b c c . Pitter ’ s choice for this model is highly appropriate in assignment light of what Lewis wrote about case study Spenser at the end of The Allegory of essay on we Love , pp. Sickle Cell Anemia? 357 –359 and especially in lecture notes on Spenser as edited by Alastair Fowler, published as Spenser’s Images of Life (1967), p. Calendar? 95–96: What Spenser has done is to make an case, image of the whole of life, a hymn to the universe that he and his con­tem­poraries believed themselves to inhabit. . How Long? For the universe, as they conceived it, is case, a great dance or ceremony or society. It is Chalcidius ’ caelestis chorea and Alanus ’ cosmic city of which Earth is a suburb. On Chalcidius (a 4th-century writer and perhaps a Christian) as the probable origin of the “Great Dance” idea, and also on Alanus (a French 12th-century writer developing this idea) see Lewis’s The Discarded Image (1964), pp. 55 and 58. the sin whereby it came is essay on characterization in lord of the flies, called Fortunate [248]

See note to chapter 9 [p. 138], Felix peccatum Adae . This is the Morning Star [248] The planets Jupiter, Saturn and (presumably) Uranus. the end and final cause for which He spreads out Time so long and Heaven so deep. cf. Plato’s creation story in Timaeus 37d-38b ( translation R. Cell Anemia Case? D. Archer Hind, 1888 ): . he essayed to make this All [i.e. the physical universe] the like [i.e. like its pattern or ideal] to the best of his power. Now so it was that the nature of the ideal was eternal.

But to bestow this attribute altogether upon essay future a created thing was impossible; so he bethought him to make a moving image of eternity, and while he was ordering the universe he made of eternity that abides in unity an eternal image moving according to number, even that which we have named Time. . Time then has come into being along with the universe . and it was made after the pattern of the sickle anemia case study eternal nature, that it might be as like to it as was possible. The animals had gone . “Where are the beasts?” [253] cf. Spenser’s Faerie Queene , VII.7.59, final lines of the assignment “Two Cantos of Mutabilitie ”: Then was that whole assembly quite dismist , And Natur’s selfe did vanish, whither no man wist . We are coming to have it in our own choice. [254] cf. The Faerie Queene , VII.7.58 (“them” refers to “all things”, including the gods or planets):

Then over them Change doth not rule and raigne ; But they raigne over change, and do their states maintaine . 4 September 2008 (reference to Chesterton in note to ch. 9, “It is for this that I came here”). 8 March 2009 (added note on George MacDonald about hatred in ch. 12) 20 January 2011 (minor corrections; expanded note on Great Dance in ch.

17) 29 May 2013 (two final references to Spenser’s Mutability Cantos) 10 June 2015 (revised note on felix peccatum Adae in cell anemia study ch. 9) 14 October 2015 (added note on the end and final cause in ch. 17)