Belonging essay on crucible

Blu-ray Disc Application Development with Java ME, Part 1: Creating Your First Application. This is a great time to be Java developer. According to the latest statistics provided at the JavaOne 2008 conference, there are over 6 billion Java-enabled devices deployed worldwide. These devices can range from large-scale enterprise class servers down to a tiny smart card that fits in on crucible your wallet. Java technology is embedded into billions of phones, as well as countless other devices including the traditional desktop computer: Figure 1 shows the various Java platforms that exist today). The Java platform for Blue-ray disc players is called BD-J. In the first part of this series, I'm going to cover the following topics: I'm going to assume that you have absolutely no Java ME or video-content creation experience whatsoever. Having that said, let's get started. Now you might be surprised to learn that although the BD-J standard is a part of the Java ME platform, you're going to need a somewhat more powerful machine in order to how can i check, play BD-J applications on on crucible your PC. Gcse? Here's a list of the physical requirements that you're going to need to create, burn, and play BD-J applications on your PC: A desktop or laptop computer that runs Windows Vista or XP.

Sadly, at the time of this writing, there haven't been many tools and hardware for the Mac OS or Linux for essay on crucible, BD-J development. If you're a Mac user, then you are better off using Bootcamp with Windows compared to using some virtualization software, due to the intense requirements on the video driver and display. A graphics card with at least 256MB of memory. This is an important requirement since a lot of the heavy lifting needed to render the HD video will be done by the GPU on your graphics card instead of the CPU on argumentative your motherboard. A video display capable of rendering HD video. Full HD video resolution is at 1920x1080 pixels. A Blu-ray burning drive, obviously. Belonging Essay On Crucible? Fortunately, some drives come with a rewritable Blue-ray disc (also known as BD-RE) so that you can use the disc over and over to conclusion of a research, create your applications or movies. In other words, a typical $500 desktop PC or a $1000 laptop may be able to create BD-J applications and burn Blu-ray discs, but neither would be able to belonging on crucible, play Blu-ray discs due to the intense video requirements that are necessitated by high definition (HD) video.

Fortunately, CyberLink Corporation makes a handy diagnosis tool to determine if your machine is capable of russia coursework Blu-ray playback. Figure 2 below shows a screenshot of the tool running on one of my laptops. So, what exactly can you do with the BD-J platform? I'm glad that you've asked. However, before we cover the capabilities of the belonging essay on crucible, BD-J platform, it would be prudent to cover the terminology that is frequently used when creating BD-J applications: Disc: A disc is the physical media that contains the anti cosmic essay, HD video content and the BD-J jar files. Title: A disc can have one or more titles. In layman's terms, a title is essay on crucible, a movie. However, if you want to thesis statement, create a Blu-ray disc that has 10 episodes of a cooking show, you really can't call each episode a movie.

Therefore, an organized unit of video content on essay a disc is called a title. Menu: The menu is the conclusion of a career, interactive portion of the BD-J application that responds to input from the handheld remote control. By interacting with the menu, you are able to select a title, initiate playback of a title, as well activate or deactivate advanced options on the disc. Now that we've covered the terminology used when creating BD-J applications and essay, authoring content, let's examine the capabilities of the BD-J platform. Using the BD-J APIs, you have the ability to draw any text, images, or animation on the display. How Can To See If My Is Plagiarized? This enables you to create applications that can do the following: Draw simple text on the screen that's triggered by the current frame being displayed. Belonging On Crucible? As you can imagine, this would be useful for rendering subtitles. Draw shapes or images on of a research paper the display on top of the on crucible, video content that's currently displayed.

Draw and animate images on the display for history coursework, an interactive game. On Crucible? Create animated buttons with effects like fades and transitions. Create highly interactive menus that allow the essay, user to select a title, a chapter, or any other advanced options like bonus content. In fact. Figure 3 shows the menu rendered from the example code provided in the HDcookbook project (an excellent resource for belonging, BD-J developers). Additionally, the BD-J APIs allow you to initiate playback of cosmic satanism any video content on the disc, which means that you can create applications that do any of the following: Initiate the playback of a title based upon a menu selection. This is one of the most common scenarios for essay on crucible, video playback. Initiate a first playback, which enables the playback of video content when the disc is inserted in the player. Initiate the playback of two video streams simultaneously using the APIs for Picture in Picture (PiP) rendering. Anti Essay? Furthermore, using the BD-J APIs, you can respond to user input from the remote control, access data over network, or store data on the local persistent storage of the Blu-ray player -- wait, a Blu-ray player has local storage?

Yes, the on crucible, current players on the market are required to have 64 kB of memory for essay, persistent storage. Blu-ray players also can persist data to a virtual file system, but we'll cover that later on in this article. So, having that said, these capabilities of the BD-J APIs will also enable you to create applications that: Change operation due to input from the remote control. Download bonus content and play special features when the disc is belonging essay, present in the Blu-ray disc player. Allow disc owners to securely purchase items such as clothing, souvenirs, books, and so on from an ecommerce site. Allow the Blu-ray disc player to remember items such as high score in games, or to be aware that you've already unlocked certain special features on gcse russia a disc. Allow the Blu-ray disc player to belonging essay on crucible, keep your application running after the disc is ejected. Antigone And Creon? This comes in very handy when you have a boxed-set of discs, and you want your application to belonging essay, continue running and maintain state across all the and creon essay, discs in belonging essay on crucible the set?a very powerful feature! So now that you've gotten a pretty good grasp of the capabilities of the BD-J platform, let's dive a little deeper and take a look at the classes of the API in a little more detail. As you can imagine, the BD-J specification wasn't invented overnight, and it definitely leveraged many other Java specifications that operated in the home platform / consumer electronics arena. If you remember from Figure 1, the Java platform for consumer electronics is the CDC (Connected Device Configuration).

In Figure 4, we're going to and creon, look at the stack of APIs that constitute the BD-J specification. Now that you're somewhat familiar with the specifications, let's take a package-by-package overview of the essay, BD-J specific classes. The BD-J specification is definitely not the first specification that uses Java for consumer electronic devices. The specifications for the Multimedia Home Platform (MHP) and the Globally Executable Multimedia Home Platform (GEM) define APIs that were originally intended for cable boxes and other multimedia devices for essay, the home. Since the GEM specification is a worldwide standard, it has been leveraged by other consumer electronic device standards, namely: Blu-ray Disc Java (BD-J) OpenCable Applications Platform (OCAP), now called, Tru2way Advanced Common Application Platform (ACAP) For the purposes of this article, I won't go in depth on the entire GEM/MHP platform. The following list shows the Java packages that make up the belonging on crucible, GEM/MHP API, which is included in the BD-J standard. As you may recall from Figure 4, the overall BD-J standard also uses functionality that comes from the Java TV APIs. Antigone Essay? The Java TV APIs provide essential capabilities or BD-J applications such as the belonging essay on crucible, Xlet framework (which I'll go into gcse history coursework, detail later in this article), as well as the class definition for javax.tv.service.Service . Essay On Crucible? For java-enabled TVs and of a career paper, set-top boxes (which includes cable receivers and DVRs), a service is a channel. Belonging On Crucible? So, for instance, if you wanted to gcse coursework, write a simple application that programmed your Java-enabled DVR to on crucible, tune to channel 203 everyday at 4:00pm, then you would use the to see if my essay is plagiarized, classes in the javax.tv.service package to on crucible, accomplish that task. Now, for thesis statement on domestic, Blu-ray devices, a javax.tv.service.Service is belonging essay, disc title.

Following is argumentative thesis on domestic, a complete list of the packages in the Java TV API: The Personal Basis Profile, Foundation Profile, and belonging essay, Connected Device Configuration APIs. Together, the Personal Basis Profile (PBP), Foundation Profile (FP), and Connected Device configuration (CDC) combine to form the conclusion research paper, foundation that the other higher-level APIs leverage for embedded and consumer electronic devices. On Crucible? These classes provide the familiar Java SE classes that desktop Java programmers are already familiar with. Of A Career Research Paper? These classes are not equivalent to the full JDK 1.6 standard (Java SE 6), but they are very similar to the Java SE 1.3 standard with a few exceptions. These are the omission of JDBC, Swing, and high-level AWT widgets that assume that the user input includes a pointing device (that is, a mouse). Now, you should also be aware that since this platform is essay, Java ME (and not Java SE), then you'll also have access to the same javax.microedition.io classes that are also available on Java-enabled mobile phones. Conclusion Of A Career Research? Following is a list of classes in the PBP, FP, and CDC APIs: Let's go over the different versions of the Blu-ray disc specification that's implemented on the players that exist on the market. The first version of the essay, Blu-ray disc specification was released as profile 1.0. The next release was Blu-ray Disc Profile 1.1, which is also called Bonus View. In Blu-ray Profile 1.1, the specification required support for Picture-in-Picture (PiP) as well as the presence of the virtual file system, which must possess the satanism essay, capability to store at least 256 MB of belonging essay data. The most current profile is 2.0, also called BD-Live.

This profile requires all the features from Profile 1.1 and adds the requirement that an internet connection be present. Profile 2.0 also mandates that the virtual file system store at least 1 GB of data. Now, since a single-layer Blu-ray disc holds 25 GB of data, you can see that virtual file system in Profie 2.0 devices couldn't hold a full movie. However, it is large enough for your applications to utilize the internet connection and to argumentative on domestic, store some HD video content for essay on crucible, later playback. If you've used Java for a while, then you should be familiar with the *let naming convention, which is applied to Applets, Servlets, and MIDlets. Thankfully, applications on the CDC platform are not called CDClets , but they are called Xlets since no one could find a better name. To create a BD-J application, at least one of conclusion of a career your classes must implement the javax.tv.xlet.Xlet interface, which comes from the Java TV API. If you're familiar with the belonging on crucible, classes from the Personal Basis Profile, then you'd know that Xlets are also defined in the javax.microedition.xlet package. Therefore, to minimize frustration when you're building your BD-J applications, be sure that you're importing the Xlet classes from Java TV package.

Now, understanding the lifecycle of BD-J Xlets is pretty simple. Once the constructor has been called, your Xlet goes into the Loaded state. In addition to having a constructor, the initXlet() method will also be called, which will place your Xlet into the Paused state until the startXlet() method is called. As you can see from Figure 5 below, your application can possibly go between the Paused and napoleon or tyrant essay, Active states multiple times before it's destroyed. Belonging? Therefore, the startXlet() method is good place to put code that allows you check on to see if my is plagiarized network connections and other important resources before you start (or resume) doing the real work. So now that we've got all the preliminaries out of the belonging essay, way, let's dive right into creating our first application. In the example code shown below, I have a simple application that implements all the research paper, Xlet lifecycle methods, and performs a very simple operation: writing text on belonging essay on crucible the screen. To See? As you can see, we're not using any high-level widgets to draw the text on belonging essay the screen. We're just calculating the cosmic, size that the text would occupy and using the Graphics object to draw that text on the display. Figure 6 depicts what our application looks like on the PS3 gaming console: So, there you have it?a complete working example from belonging essay, start to finish on how to a create BD-J application that works on any Blu-ray disc player.

As you can see from the BD-J APIs, we've only scratched the surface of the tip of the iceberg. In Part 2, we're going into more detailed instructions on how to get your development environment to build BD-J applications. We'll also provide concrete example code on how to argumentative statement on domestic, respond to belonging on crucible, user input from a remote control. UPDATE: The author responds to a couple of reader questions in this follow-up blog QA on how can if my is plagiarized Blu-ray Disc Application Development with Java ME. I'd like to thank Bill Foote, Chihiro Saito, and the HD Cookbook team for assistance, feedback, and all their help to essay on crucible, improve this article.

The example code shown in the article was largely inspired by or tyrant the demo application created by Chihiro's Netbeans Plugin.

It#039;s Better Than Working For A Living! April is essay on crucible over, and I have officially been retired for satanism three months, after my 40 years at WABC Radio. April also holds my other radio anniversary, as it was on April 17th, 1972 that I started at WHN Radio in New York, making it now officially 44 years since I first started working in New York Radio. I’ve been asked these last 3 months if I miss it, and my answer is always the same….No! I don’t miss waking up in the dark with the alarm, I don’t miss the Long Island Rail Road trip to Manhattan every day, and essay on crucible, if I do miss anything, it’s some of the people. Not all of them, but some of napoleon bonaparte hero essay, them. Yesterday I had the opportunity to reconnect with a lot of folks that were there when this life of mine started. On Crucible! The occasion was this year’s Induction Ceremony for the WCWP Radio Hall of Fame. You see, WCWP, the argumentative thesis College Radio Station of C.W.

Post is where it all started for me. Essay! If you remember my Blog Post, The First Time I Walked Into WABC, you may remember my story about starting at antigone and creon essay WCWP in my Junior year of college. At that point in my life, I obviously had no idea of what I was going to do with my life, and was in belonging essay on crucible my 3rd or 4th college major. You also may remember the and creon story of how a simple question that I was asked by WCWP Chief Engineer Bill Mozer, would change my life in ways I never even imagined! I’d been working at WCWP for about 7 or 8 months, and I guess had passed the belonging “Mozer Test”, when he said to essay, me one afternoon, “Do you want to come to work with me tonight?” By work, Bill meant did I want to drive into Manhattan with him where he was an Engineer at WABC and WPLJ Radio. On Crucible! Of course, I said yes, and to a great degree, the rest is history! I was lucky enough to be inducted into the Hall of Fame 2 years ago, along with several friends from my days at Post, Bill Epperhart and Ted David. Last year we were joined by i check to see if my is plagiarized Bobby G and Mike Riccio, two other friends from our college days, and two of the younger guys who we overlapped with, Jeff Kroll and belonging on crucible, Bruce Leonard. Gcse Russia Coursework! Yesterday, the third of essay, those younger guys, Joe Honerkamp joined up with his two brother musketeers, Jeff and Bruce, to complete the set! Also yesterday, a very special lady, Mrs.

Ann Gaffney was posthumously inducted in the Hall of Fame. “Mrs. G” was the of a research paper WCWP Station Secretary from 1971 to 1984, and was, in belonging a real sense, the Station Mom to hundreds of students who went through the i check if my essay station during those 13 years. She was always available for advice or a kick in the pants…whatever the situation warranted! From yesterday’s WCWP Hall of Fame Induction Ceremony. Fortunate to have worked with all three of these WCWP Hall of Famers…Joe and Jeff at WHN and essay, Bill for many years at WABC.

As these things are, it’s always a nostalgic time seeing folks who I first met back when I was a teenager! As I turned off Northern Blvd. onto the Post Campus, I realized that this September it will be 49 years since I started as a Freshman at antigone what was then known as C.W. Post College of Long Island University (today it’s the CW Post Campus of LIU). Where have the belonging essay on crucible years gone, was a common question we all asked yesterday! One of the biggest pleasures was to argumentative thesis statement on domestic, be there with former Director of belonging essay, Broadcasting, Bill Mozer, and cosmic essay, current Director of on crucible, Broadcasting, Dan Cox. Russia Coursework! Bill is the one that asked me that all important question over 45 years ago, that really started my life. Bill set the bar high at WCWP, expecting those that worked there to understand that excellence was to be the norm. It was that attitude that turned out folks who had no problem moving into the commercial world, be it at local radio stations, or network operations like ABC or NBC. Because those first hires did so well, the WCWP reputation of essay on crucible, excellence spread, and it became a great leg up to thesis statement, come out of that little radio station on Long Island. I’m proud to say that under Dan Cox, that is on crucible still the case as attested to by the number of new WCWP Alumni that I was pleased to work with at antigone essay WABC before I retired!

It was great seeing Harry, Bill, Jeff, Pat, Bobby, Bruce, and belonging essay on crucible, Bernie, who I have known for close to 50 years, and seeing folks like Suzanne, Dan, Pete, Jay, and others that are newer WCWP friends! It was great to be there to see Joe and Mrs. G inducted into the WCWP HOF, and to once again be a part of napoleon hero, that little radio station on Long Island! Who knew that when I walked into the Benjamin Abrams Communications building 47 years ago, that the path of my life would forever be changed. Who knew that walking into that building would lead to my life’s work, to my wife and my family, and to my oldest son’s career path some 30+ years later! Jeff Kroll said yesterday that most of us didn’t join a fraternity or sorority at Post because WCWP was our sorority or fraternity.

He went on to say, it was our family! The great thing about family is that no matter how long you are away from them, or how far away your travels take you, you can always go home and are welcomed with open arms! That’s really what it feels like every time I’m anywhere that a number of my sisters and brothers are gathered. Today is Friday, February 26th, 2016. Four weeks ago today, on Friday, January 29th, I worked my last day at WABC. The last four weeks have been a mix of fun times….retirement parties, get togethers with our family, time spent with friends, and doing what we want, when we want, but there also have been Doctor’s appointments for both Susie and myself, and issues dealing with her Mom. So, the last month has been busy, but it has also been easier to belonging, deal with it all because we were able to do it all on our schedule. You have no idea how much fun it is when you’re making Doctor’s appointments and you’re asked, “Do you need a late afternoon appointment?”, to how can i check to see if my essay, reply, “No, I’m retired. I can come anytime.” First, I have to thank New York Market Manager Chad Lopez for an incredible sendoff after my 40 years at WABC.

On my last Thursday, there was a lunchtime pizza party in the conference room for belonging essay on crucible me. That was followed up late that afternoon by a retirement party at Lucie’s Cantina around the argumentative thesis statement corner from WABC. Surrounded by my family, my current group of WABC. WPLJ, WMBM, and Nash FM Family, with some special visits from essay, past 17th Floor Family members, it was a really excellent celebration! Then, on Friday after the floor’s typical Free Bagel Friday breakfast, he took me out to anti cosmic essay, lunch with Leslie Slender at Nick and Stefs Steak House! A good guy who made me feel very special, and who I’m sorry I only belonging on crucible worked for during my last 10 months of employment!

This slideshow requires JavaScript. Then, thanks to my wonderful wife Susie, there was another great Retirement Party on my last day, at one of our favorite Mineola spots, The St. James Restaurant. Surrounded by lots of neighborhood friends, some folks I’d just finished working with, some folks I used to conclusion career, work with, and my family, it was another wonderful part of belonging essay, what was shaping up to me an incredible weekend! This slideshow requires JavaScript. But wait….there’s more! On Saturday night, it was time for one more celebration, this one just for family. That night Susie, Krissi, Kenny, Billy, Lori and thesis, I had an incredible dinner at one of our all time favorites, Piccolos of Mineola. This has been the site of many D’Elia Family celebrations, and what better place to celebrate the end of my 44 years of working in New York Radio, surrounded by the love of my life and our children! It was another special moment in a couple of days that were filled with special moments!

After a round of celebrations like this (and Susie has one more planned next month for our Ocean City Family down at the shore) ,I joked that the best present anyone could have given me was a free pass to the Betty Ford Clinic! So far, so good! So today, I’m out in essay on crucible the car on the way home from a morning Doctor’s appointment, and I did something I haven’t done in 4 weeks! I punched the argumentative thesis statement on domestic car radio to the AM band, pushed button number 3, and for the first time since I walked out the door, I listened to essay on crucible, WABC. I heard a few minutes of the new (well, not so new now) Bernie and Sid show, and then heard my good friend Noam Laden’s 10:30 AM News (good job Noam by the way). I also heard a few promos (which I used to do on a weekly basis) and a few commercials, that I did all the conclusion of a research time. After about 5 or 6 minutes, I once again pushed the essay Sirius/XM selector and went back to listening to 60s on 6, and how can if my essay, thinking back to those days a real long time ago, when I used to play that exact music on Musicradio 77, WABC. After four weeks of not being a part of the radio station, it was kind of funny to be listening to voices I knew, doing something very familiar to belonging essay, me, but feeling some what disconnected. I guess I have made the transition from participant to listener, and although a lot of these folks are friends on antigone and creon Facebook, and in that way are still in on crucible my life, I no longer have a radio life, and you know what? I don’t miss it one bit!

So, as long as I don’t drive Susie nuts, and she will put up with having me around 24/7, I think I could get used to this retirement thing…I really do! Next week, we commence our first retirement, “We Can Go Anytime We Want Because We’re Retired” trip! We’re heading down to Florida, and we’re going to take in antigone and creon essay a couple of Mets Spring Training games, spend three nights at Walt Disney World (thank you ABC for my lifetime Disney retiree privileges), and just have a good time. We’re driving, and looking forward to spending about 10 days doing what we want to, when we want to, on what we hope will be the first of many of these trips! I’m sure I will return to more Radio Stories as I look back on my 44 years of craziness in belonging on crucible NY Radio, but for the immediate future, I’m thinking more about me and argumentative thesis statement, Susie and what’s next! Follow as we go forward to our next chapter on our new blog called, R New Adventures (http://rnewadventures.com).

Hope to see you there, and belonging on crucible, that you’ll be along for the ride. The First Time I Walked into WABC. Well, as today is the last day I will ever walk into bonaparte hero or tyrant WABC Radio as an employee, thought it might be fun to look back on the first time I walked into the WABC Studios on on crucible the 8th Floor of the ABC Building at 1330 Avenue of the Americas. Anti Cosmic! It was the belonging essay on crucible fall of 1969, and at the time, I was a junior at C.W. Post College on on domestic Long Island, and I was probably in my 3rd or 4th major. I have always been jealous of those who knew early in life what their career path would be, because I had no idea, and during the belonging essay on crucible first couple of or tyrant essay, years of college, my major changed whenever I had a class I liked. I had, however, started to work at belonging the college radio station, WCWP, the year before, and liked that a lot.

Unfortunately, in those days, Post did not have a broadcasting or a communications major, so I stayed a music major, still not really sure of where my life would take me. I started at WCWP doing news, then branched out to a DJ show, was named News Director, and eventually started to do a lot of production and “engineering” type work. We were very lucky that during this time, the Chief Engineer at WCWP was Bill Mozer. Bill was just a little older than most of us, but Bill knew early on what he wanted to do in napoleon or tyrant life, had the technical savvy, and went into radio. By the time I first met Bill, he’d already been an engineer at WTFM, and now was a member of the WABC/WPLJ Engineering Department!

As you can well imagine, this sounded like a magical job to on crucible, a bunch of radio station geeks in the late 60s. Bill was always great with radio stories and relating to essay, us what it was like to work in the business, and anytime he was in the station, you could always find a couple of essay on crucible, students hanging around talking to argumentative thesis statement, him. He worked the belonging on crucible 4 to midnight shift at ABC, but he was off on argumentative Friday and Saturday, and on at least one of those nights, you could depend on Bill being around the station, perhaps a dinner run (most times to the Roslyn Cafe), and essay, definitely a late night of radio talk. I’d been working at WCWP for about 7 or 8 months, and essay, I guess had passed the “Mozer Test”, when he said to me one afternoon, “Do you want to come to work with me tonight?” The answer of course was a definite, “Yes!” We got into essay on crucible his Volvo, drove into how can i check the city, he parked in the basement garage of the ABC Building, and essay on crucible, we took the elevator up to the 8th Floor. When the doors opened, I was confronted for the first time with the WABC lobby…and what a lobby it was!

It was orange, and I mean ORANGE – the walls, the floor, the receptionist’s desk, everything! There was a big Musicradio logo with concentric circles going out from essay, it. Belonging On Crucible! It was a real attention getter, and boy did it get mine! We made a right turn, and went through a door into the studio area. He showed me a couple of WABC production studios, and then went and gcse russia, checked the “checkboard”. Belonging Essay On Crucible! This was a large graphic display that showed where every engineer on the floor was scheduled that day.

Bill saw that he was in News Control, and off we went. In those days there were close to 40 NABET engineers working on the 8th floor, and nothing technical happened unless an engineer did it. News Control was the place where news cuts were produced, interviews with reporters were recorded, the conclusion of a career paper WABC transmitter was controlled, and where engineers rotated in and out of all during their shifts. It was connected to Studio 8A, WABC’s main air studio by glass walls, and Bill put the air monitor up on the speakers and we were able to belonging essay, both watch, and listen, to Dan Ingram’s afternoon show. After a couple of minutes, Bill said, “Do you want to antigone and creon essay, meet Dan?” Did I even have to answer. We went into 8A after the next stop set, and Bill introduced me to a man who was a living legend in New York radio. I have no idea what I said, but I’m sure I appeared to be a jackass, and probably just stood there babbling.

Little did I know when my day started that morning, that by 5PM I’d be standing in WABC’s studio, meeting a man I’d listened to on the radio for essay years. WOW! The rest of the gcse time I spent with Bill at WABC that evening was just as amazing. Frankly, much of the evening was a blur! I know we had dinner in the studio with Cousin Brucie, and later I met Chuck Leonard, but there are huge patches of the night for on crucible which I have no recollection. I watched Bill and the rest of the engineers “work” (seemed more like fun to me back then), and by the time his shift ended at 12 midnight, and we were heading back to bonaparte essay, the garage to get his car, I had a much better idea how I wanted to spend the rest of my life! I’d been bitten by belonging essay on crucible the WABC radio bug!!

WABC was the first real radio station I’d seen, and frankly, if this was what it was like to bonaparte or tyrant essay, work as an engineer in New York Radio, then this is what I wanted to do! They say that you’ve got to love what you do, and watching the young guys who worked evenings at WABC, how could you not love what they did? Sitting, having fun playing music at the most listened to radio station in belonging essay the country (and perhaps the world)?? What wasn’t fun about that? You could say that with that one night visit in 1969, Bill Mozer had changed the pattern of anti cosmic satanism, my life forever! When Bill dropped me back at belonging WCWP that night, I had a direction, and started figuring out essay what I needed to do to end up at WABC. Belonging On Crucible! I immersed myself in the work of WCWP, doing as many different things and learning as much as possible. Although Post didn’t have a broadcasting major, they did offer a number of broadcasting courses under the history russia Theater Arts department, and in the following years, I took them all.

I continued to take other courses, and remained a music major, but my focus now was on becoming a broadcast engineer. One of the belonging essay things you needed to get a job at WABC, was an anti cosmic essay FCC First Class Radio Telephone license. Upon graduation from Post, I enrolled in the First Class FCC course at Announcer Training Studios in Manhattan, and learned all the math, the belonging formulas and the rules needed to gcse history, pass the FCC course. Essay On Crucible! After 6 months of classes, it was time to go down to the FCC office and take the first of the two tests that you needed. Sitting in a very old office, surrounded by guys taking Morse code tests, armed with a slide rule and cosmic satanism, my head full of formulas, I managed to on crucible, pass the conclusion of a research paper harder of the two tests, and got my Second Class license. Essay! A couple of weeks later, I was back to take the cosmic essay easier (to me) rules and regulations test, and when I passed that, it was time to on crucible, send out my resumes! OK…so this was the moment of truth!

I was a college graduate armed with a brand new FCC First Class Radio Telephone Operator license, and I knew what I wanted to antigone essay, do with my life, but it was out of belonging, my hands. In response to my mass mailing of resumes, there were lots of reply letters and phone calls, most of cosmic essay, which went something like, “Thanks for your interest…we’ll keep your resume on file”. I went into the Personal Office at belonging essay CBS, and after filling our reams of applications that had nothing to antigone and creon, do with broadcasting (?), they told me that they promoted from belonging essay, within (??). But it wasn’t all bad news. Bill had set me up with an interview at WABC with Chief Engineer Win Lloyd, and essay, that went pretty well. I got called in for an interview at WINS, and went in for an interview with WHN Chief Engineer Pappy Durkin. Ultimately, I got offered jobs at WHN and from WABC. So I took the job at belonging essay on crucible WABC and my goal was met, right?

Nope…I didn’t! Both jobs that I was offered were for i check to see essay is plagiarized Vacation Relief Engineer positions – someone who covers while the regular staff engineers are on summer vacation. Essay! At WABC, the “vacation season” ran from May through October. While WHN paid a little less per i check to see if my essay is plagiarized, week, their vacation season ran from April through the end of the year. Although WABC was the dream, WHN was the reality. Belonging Essay On Crucible! I started on April 17th, 1972 at WHN, and antigone essay, spent the next 4 years working there. Belonging Essay On Crucible! I met some great folks, and learned a heck of a lot about radio. Four years later, when a new IBEW union contract called for 2 less engineers at WHN, I left. (Well, I got bought out..a year’s pay with which I bought a boat!) Once again, Bill set up an argumentative on domestic interview for me with Chief Engineer Win Lloyd and Assistant Chief Bob Deitsch.

This time it was more like 3 radio guys sitting around talking, rather than an essay interview. WABC was still the place to be in antigone my mind, and essay, this time I took the job. Cosmic! I started at WABC on belonging essay on crucible August 7th, 1976, and frankly, it was everything I thought it would be! Thanks Bill!! A younger me at anti satanism essay WABC’s Studio 8X in the ABC Building! August 7th, 1979 to essay, January 29th, 2016…..26 years old to of a career research, 66, in the blink of an eye! Of all the on the air people I have worked with in the 40 years I’ve been at WABC, I have worked with none longer, than my friend Johnny Donovan.

With the exception of the last six months – Johnny decided in belonging essay on crucible 2015 that it was time for him to hang up his headphones and retire, he has been the one consistent in essay my WABC life. Essay On Crucible! Music, Program Directors, General Managers, DJs, Talk Hosts, fellow engineers, and antigone and creon essay, even companies have come and gone, but not Johnny! Johnny Donovan worked at WABC Radio for 43 years. I first worked with him on the air during one of belonging essay on crucible, my first weeks as an Engineer at WABC…who knew then that I’d work with Johnny longer than any other on-the-air person in my time in gcse history russia radio! Johnny started in commercial radio in New York’s Hudson Valley in 1963, meaning he’s got better than 50 years in the business!

After stints in several smaller New York and New Jersey markets, he moved to essay on crucible, New York City doing overnights on WOR-FM in 1968. WOR-FM was a classic Bill Drake programmed station, and the name Johnny Donovan was actually given to him by Bill Drake! Johnny was doing mid days 4 years later at WOR-FM, when on antigone July 9th, 1972, he moved from the FM dial to the AM dial, and to his home for 43 years, WABC. During the music days at belonging essay WABC, Johnny was the glue that held the place together as the main fill-in person, as well as holding down his own regular weekend shifts. For the last several years before talk, Johnny held down a Monday through Friday mid-day shift. When WABC switched in 1982 from Musicradio to Talkradio, Johnny stayed on as a Staff Announcer, but that position quickly morphed into the position of career paper, Production Director, as Johnny became one of the pre-eminent voice and production people in the radio business. Belonging! For the last 33 years, Johnny’s hands (and voice) have been involved in thousands of commercials and spec spots, show opens (no one else can say that they’ve been the i check to see essay voice of the Rush Limbaugh Show since it debuted in 1988), WABC station production pieces, and special programming (Johnny produced, and was the host for 10 years, of the yearly WABC Rewound broadcast, that looked back every Memorial Day weekend at the Musicradio days of belonging, WABC). To say that Johnny has left his mark on WABC, and on NY Radio, would not, I think be an exaggeration. When I wrote one of these pieces about George Michael, I told the following story that had to argumentative thesis statement, do with Johnny’s years as WABC’s chief fill-in person: “By the time I came to WABC, George was doing the weekend sports on belonging WABC, and commentator on Islander games. Now since hockey is not an everyday sport, George would be gone a couple of nights a week. There was one night in particular that Johnny Donovan was filling in, that he and argumentative thesis statement on domestic, I will still occasionally talk about to belonging essay on crucible, this day.

Remember how I said that George was a team player, and wanted his engineers to of a career paper, be as invested in the show as he was? Well, on this particular night that Johnny was filling in, the show had just started, and he handed me a song, and I told him we didn’t play that category at belonging essay on crucible that point. Then he called for a jingle combination, and paper, I replied, “no, we play a medium and a sonovox here”, then after I segued from the belonging essay on crucible song, to the jingle, to the new song, he called for the mic, and I shook my head NO. At that point, Johnny went back to his magazine and told me, “fine…just do the anti essay show and belonging essay, tell me when to talk.” Some days I wonder why he still talks to me!!” Then there was the i check essay day I came back from WOR as a permanent member of the WABC/WPLJ Engineering Department. It was Monday, October 16, 1978, and even though I hadn’t worked at belonging WABC since February, I was assigned a 6AM shift so that I could visit the company Doctor and go to Personnel and get all my paperwork done during the day. From the moment I got the satanism phone call from Win, I dreaded the fact that after not running the board at WABC for essay over 8 months, the first thing I had to do on cosmic my return was work with Harry early on a Monday morning!! All I could think of was how Harry seemed to forget what his headphones sounded like from Saturday to essay on crucible, Monday, and what a pain it was doing the show first thing out of the box Monday morning!! So, here I am about 5:30, walking down 53rd Street from the subway towards the napoleon bonaparte hero essay ABC Building, and as I get to essay, the driveway for of a the garage, I see Johnny’s Ford Fairmont sitting there, and realized that my first permanent shift at WABC would be with HIM, and NOT Harry!

So, the belonging first DJ I worked with at WABC as a permanent member of the WABC/WPLJ Engineering Department was a man I’d work with for almost the rest of my WABC life! Often times, when talking about the Musicradio days, Johnny would say, “If I knew it was going to be so important later in essay life, I would have paid more attention.” Well, I know there are so many more moments he and I have shared, but as he says, had I realized they’d be important, I would have paid more attention! Also, if I knew we were going to belonging essay on crucible, work together so long, I probably would have been nicer to him that night when he filled in for George, but since Johnny enjoys telling that story about as much as I do, I guess all’s well that ends well! To be in the New York Radio market…the #1 Radio Market in i check if my essay the country for 47 years, is an accomplishment very few can match, but that’s only the tip of the Johnny Donovan iceberg! Johnny is the undisputed leader in on-the-air voices at WABC. No one else has his history of being heard both in belonging essay on crucible the Musicradio and the Talkradio days, and gcse, with a 43 year tenure as a WABC employee, there haven’t been many over the years who could come close to that either!! Combine that with his status as a Drake Jock from his WOR-FM days, his 27 year history as the voice of the Rush Limbaugh Show, and I know I’m not alone when I describe my friend Johnny Donovan as a true New York Radio Legend! Johnny’s Last Show on Musicradio 77, WABC: Johnny and WABC Rewound:

Sean Hannity talks to belonging, Johnny: As I said in bonaparte or tyrant essay yesterday’s part one, there are many ways to belonging essay, look at cosmic the time we spend at a job, but for many, it all boils down to the numbers. Let’s pick up where we left off yesterday and take a look back at essay my years at WABC, by essay the numbers. 1989….We leave the ABC Building at 1330 Avenue of the Americas ,and move to 2 Penn Plaza, just above Penn Station. The move outside of ABC property is in case the belonging essay FCC says that Cap Cities/ABC can’t keep ownership of one or both radio stations. Conclusion Research! My commute becomes 3 escalators and and elevator ride to the 17th floor.

April, 1989…in the midst of belonging essay, NABET/ABC contract negotiations, new contract proposals come out and Radio Engineers are not in them! What?? This is the first salvo of the second round of cutting NABET jobs in radio, and although we did end up in the final contract, there were less of us in the mix. We lost some good folks who took the opportunity to jump to TV, and anti cosmic, some of our longest folks got a nice buyout after years of service to ABC. This contract was also the beginning of the separate Radio Seniority List. On Crucible! Hard to bonaparte, believe that there were 36 NABET Engineers at local radio (WABC and WPLJ) when I started! 2/9/96….the day the mouse arrived! After 10 years of working for CapCities/ABC, ABC becomes part of the Walt Disney Company, and suddenly we go from on crucible, being employees, to cast members! Some of us take a bath the next year paying taxes as our CapCities/ABC stock is converted to cash, but hey, we get Disney Park admission tickets! 11/2/98…..NABET calls a 1 day strike against ABC that lasts into antigone and creon 1999! So, on the day before Election Day, 1998 I come to work to discover that the union has called a one day strike against the company.

The next day ABC says, nope you’re not coming back and locks us out! For the second time in my ABC life, I’m outside the building picketing rather than inside playing radio! This time, however, I’m not a single guy, but rather a husband and father of 3, with expenses and a mortgage. After 7 weeks, when we are eligible to collect New York State unemployment insurance, I go to the office in Hempstead, and everyone there applying is an ABC employee! I get one unemployment check, and we go back to work in belonging essay on crucible January, 1999!

9/11/2000….After there being a Gambling hosting the morning show for 75 years, in 2000 WOR management informed John R. Gambling that his contract would not be reviewed at the end of the antigone year. Following his September 11th show, John left WOR, and within months, showed up at WABC. John and I had first become friends when I spent a summer at WOR in the late 70s, and he was the evening Staff Announcer. He started doing a Saturday morning show, but within a couple of months, John was doing 10 AM to Noon, Monday to belonging, Friday on WABC, and I was his engineer. John and I were both born in 1950, we both lived on Long Island, and we both had twins. Thesis! Those 2 hours a day were some of my best memories of our talk years, and a place we laughed and had fun daily.

We had 8 great years working together every day till February of 2008, when he became victim of a Citadel cost cutting move, and left WABC. He was back doing mornings at WOR in months! 6/12/2007….Disney CEO Bob Iger, declaring that radio is essay no longer a “core business,” spins off the ABC OO Radio Stations and the ABC Radio Network to Citadel Broadcasting, run by former CBS money man Farid Suleman. For the essay first time in essay over 30 years, I no longer work for ABC! I become a Disney retiree with a lifetime Disney Silver Pass!

The slide starts! 12/8/2008….Joe Scarborough Show. So, the idea was to of a research paper, take Joe Scarborough and Mika Brazinski from the CNBC cable show, Morning Joe, and put them on WABC Radio and then within 2 weeks, syndicate the show nationwide. Belonging! They were both very nice people, but they had no radio experience and they were, after all, TV People. We in radio have always found that TV People are very demanding of many things unrelated to doing a radio show – like breakfast, the correct mustard, and how to fill out a W-2 form. The one bright spot was that when he was a teen in western New York, Joe would listen to George Michael on WABC and we figured out that on some of those nights that he listened, I was probably running the board for George. The show got off to gcse coursework, a slow start and on crucible, stayed there as even the OO affiliates backed out eventually. 4/26/2010….the Joe Scarborough Show was put on “hiatus” to redevelop it’s format into a new three hour show…we’re still waiting! 3/5/2009 – Citadel stock is officially delisted from the NY Stock Exchange, and the stock closes at 1 cent a share that day. 9/2009….2 year contract extension ends…last raise. Our last NABET/ABC contract ended in napoleon hero or tyrant essay 2007, so when Citadel bought the belonging on crucible stations, we were without a contract.

To get another thing out of the napoleon hero essay way, Citadel and belonging essay, NABET negotiated a 2 year contract extension, which gave us a small yearly salary increase, but maintained the NABET/ABC contract provisions that had existed. In 2009, based on and creon the financial situation of belonging, Citadel and it’s stock, there is conclusion of a research no talk of a new contract. 12/20/2009 – Citadel makes it official, and files for on crucible Chapter 11 bankruptcy. More job and benefit cuts hit the 17th floor of 2 Penn Plaza. 9/16/2011….After 4 years of staff cuts, programming changes, deteriorating stock price leading to satanism, eventual delisting from the NY Stock Exchange, and even a bankruptcy, Citadel “merges” with Cumulus, and the 5th, and last, employer enters the belonging essay on crucible picture.

12/31/2013…After 25 years, the argumentative Rush Limbaugh Shows moves from WABC down the essay dial to hero, WOR, and the sound of WABC changes greatly. The show that was credited by many with saving the essay on crucible AM band, has become a political football for the Dickeys (Lew and anti cosmic satanism, John…Cumulus big wigs) and although the show does stay on several of it’s other stations, the station that Rush started his network on is no longer his Flagship Station. 12/31/13 – Also the last day to hear the Sean Hannity Show on WABC, as it too moves to WOR, following Sean’s very derogatory comments about the Dickey Brothers. 12/31/2014…The distribution deal for ABC News that originated when Citadel bought the radio network and was inherited by Cumulus ends, and belonging essay on crucible, suddenly the former radio flagship of argumentative statement, ABC no longer carries ABC News at the top of the hour, and one more link to belonging essay on crucible, my history goes bye bye! 7/16/2015…contract ratified….no raise. A full 6 years after the contract extension expired, a new contract is ratified. We get no raise (a $500 signing bonus), get sick time cut (and now have to conclusion of a career, pay for Short Term Disability insurance), but we keep our vacation time that dates back to essay, the good old ABC days! 9/29/2015…Perhaps as a Wedding Anniversary present to Susie and I, the Dickey Brothers (Lew and John) leave the history russia Cumulus Building, turning over the running of the struggling company to Mary Berner, a board member with a publishing background.

Her first official day is October 13th…so glad to be 65 and belonging essay, NOT 35! 12/10/15….My last WABC Christmas Party. As there are now 4 radio stations on the 17th floor (WABC, WPLJ, WMBM, NASH FM), it’s called the Cumulus NY Holiday Party, and a good time was had by all…even more was had by those of us who continued on to Market Manager Chad Lopez’s after party! 12/18/15…Jill Vitale plans her 4th annual WABC Alumni Party at the Statler Grill. I attend and argumentative thesis statement, have a wonderful time and party with folks that I currently work with, and folks I used to work with, including Dr. Belonging Essay On Crucible! Judy Kuriansky, who was one of the argumentative statement first WABC talk show hosts way back in the early 80s!

We are both slightly older than we were back then, but still fun! 1/2/2016….My 66th birthday! A long way from the 26 year old I was that first night in 1976, but based on the goings-on in the radio business, and belonging essay, specifically in the place I’ve called home since 1976, I’m very glad to be on this end of my work life! 1/4/16….The day I made it official and send in my retirement notice. After a vacation spent working on the emails, I let the world know I am leaving WABC. A VERY strange feeling! 8……Number of WABC GMs in the time I’ve been there. Now, in the old days, WABC and WPLJ had their own GMs. Gcse Coursework! Over the years, some of these folks were GMs for both stations, and recently they’ve been called Market Managers. So when I first got there, the belonging on crucible WABC GM was Al Racco, then Jim Haviland, Fred Weinhaus, Don Bolukous, Mitch Dolan, Steve Borneman, Kim Bryant, and now Chad Lopez.

13……the number of WABC PDs over the years. Of course, legendary Musicradio PD Rick Sklyar when I started, followed by Glen Morgan, then Al Brady Law (he was there for i check if my is plagiarized a very short time…fired George Michael, Harry Harrison, and Chuck Leonard, and I’m not sure I ever actually met him), Jay Clark, Mark Mason, John Manelli #1, Valerie Geller, John Manelli #2, Phil Boyce, John McConnell (John was I believe VP of Programing while Phil was still PD, so for a brief period we had 2 for belonging 1), Laurie Cantillo, Tony Mascaro (Not sure Tony actually had the PD title, but as the Operations Manager, duties were the argumentative thesis on domestic same) and on crucible, Craig Schwab. 17…..WABC morning shows through the of a career research paper years I’ve worked at WABC. A number of years ago, we had a WABC trivia question that went something like, “name the WABC Morning Shows in order from Harry Harrison to the present?” I used to belonging essay on crucible, be pretty good at anti cosmic it, but haven’t tried it in years! This is not easy, and a real memory test…I may not remember them all, and some will probably be out of order, but here goes! Harry Harrison, Dan Ingram, Ross and Wilson, Allan Colmes, Art Athens, Dave Dawson, Steve Cane, Rush Limbaugh (did it for belonging essay on crucible 2 weeks and it was great….decided to stay with the network show!), Jay Diamond, Curtis and Lisa (Sliwa wife #2), Lionel, Mike Gallager, Mike Gallager and Penny Krone, Mike Gallager and Lionel, Curtis and Kuby, Imus in the Morning. 2……and finally, number of days of work left for me till it’s all over on January 29, 2016!

There are many ways to look at the time we spend at a job, but for how can i check to see if my is plagiarized many, it all boils down to the numbers. Belonging Essay On Crucible! As it gets towards the end of my days here, I take a look back at my years at WABC, by how can if my essay the numbers. 8/7/76 – This was my first day in the employ of the American Broadcasting Company. I was hired as Vacation Relief Engineer #8, in the WABC/WPLJ Engineering Department, making $251 a week. As all new VRs (Vacation Relief) did, I was scheduled on the overnight, and belonging on crucible, since the ABC/NABET week started on and creon essay Sunday, I reported for my first day at WABC at 11:45 PM. I remember that Hurricane Belle was approaching NYC that night, and it was raining and windy as I made my way from the essay on crucible E Train to the ABC Building at 1330 Avenue of the history coursework Americas. 8A….WABC’s main air studio at 1330 Avenue of the Americas was 8A, and on belonging on crucible my first night at work, I helped pull the studio apart. It was about to essay, be rebuilt as the first WABC/WPLJ studio with a Rupert Neve custom board, as designed by essay on crucible George Berger. It was the place where the WABC Magic happened, and the place I loved being! 12/24/76 – The date my original VR assignment ended.

Yes, I was terminated on Christmas Eve of 1976. The best thing about that? The memo detailing my termination date was delivered to me one afternoon when I was running the gcse russia board in Studio 8A for Dan Ingram, and that day I was the subject of a classic Ingram Show close, where I played the part of Tiny Tim in a Christmas Carol with ABC being Ebineezer Scrooge! 1977…..The year I made the least amount I’d made since college. I was hired that year on belonging essay on crucible 4/16/77, and on 5/16/77, NABET went on antigone and creon strike against belonging essay ABC. We spent that summer on antigone the street in front of the ABC Building, and didn’t return to work till the end of October! Total made for 1977 = $4500. 7/3/77…The day I meet the belonging love of my life! The middle of a 5 month ABC/NABET strike; invited to a July 3rd BBQ at conclusion paper Bill and MaryAnn Epperhart’s house; I help Susie set off some soggy fireworks; my life is belonging essay on crucible set! 1978….The year I thought I was finished at ABC. Argumentative Statement! After working for the first couple of belonging essay on crucible, months of the year, WABC Chief Engineer Win Lloyd sent me over to conclusion career research, see Paul Stewart, the WOR Chief Engineer, and I started working there in late February.

They’d had a delay in studio construction, and had come up against a union situation and needed some help ASAP, and WABC CE Win Lloyd “loaned” me and Mike Phillips to essay, WOR. I finished up at bonaparte ABC on 2/24/78, and started at belonging essay on crucible WOR the following Monday. It was not ABC, but I’d grown up listening to WOR with my folks. How Can I Check Is Plagiarized! I met some great folks, made some life long friends, and made the most of the essay on crucible situation. 10/15/78 – After a summer away from the 8th floor of the how can to see if my essay is plagiarized ABC Building, on Monday 10/9/78, I am sitting on the board in WOR’s Studio 2, running the belonging essay Arlene Francis Show, when WOR Chief Engineer Paul Stewart comes in, stands behind me and tells me that the russia upcoming Friday would be my last day at WOR. Belonging Essay On Crucible! I guess the shock on my face told him that he knew something that I didn’t, and he comforted me with the info that Win had called him and asked him to let me go that day, because I was going to start at ABC the following Monday as a permanent employee! So, although my first work day as a real member of the conclusion of a paper WABC/WPLJ Engineering Department was Monday 10/16/78, my employment started officially on Sunday 10/15/78! 8/27/77…..My NABET Seniority Date. On Crucible! I know….this is out of order, but continue reading, and you’ll see why!

So, starting with my hire date, they subtract all the time I’d worked since my first day as an employee in 1976, and had I worked straight through, this is the date I would have originally been hired. Mostly had to do with where I ended up on the ABC/NABET Seniority List should there ever be any layoffs. Thesis Statement! On the 1981 ABC NY Seniority List, that date was good enough to belonging essay, land me 641 out of 994 New York Engineers. How Can I Check To See If My Essay! Flip ahead about 10 years and let ABC separate seniority lists by department, and essay, it placed me #13 out of the bonaparte hero or tyrant 33 NABET Engineers in all of radio. Essay On Crucible! Today, it probably makes me one of a handful (with my departure, there is only one NABET Engineer on the 17th floor). 12/26/78…George Michael announces on WABC that I asked Susie to marry me, and that the poor girl said yes! 9/29/79….Susie and I become one, surrounded by many of my ABC Family, including WABC’s Dan Ingram and WPLJ’s Tony Pigg.

Our ABC friends give us a $1200 Sony Betamax. Welcome to the VCR era! 9/29/80….As the clock moves up to thesis on domestic, 6 PM, Dan Ingram is looking for a topic for a show close when I remind him that a year ago he was at on crucible my wedding. Thesis Statement! The close that day become a tale about him losing his car at our wedding! 7/3/81….The 4th anniversary of the day that Susie and I met, and the afternoon of Dan Ingram’s 20th Anniversary Show on on crucible WABC, which George Musgrave and I engineer. 5/10/1982….The day the music died.

At noon, WABC Musicradio 77 is anti essay gone, replaced by WABC Talkradio 77. Summer of belonging essay on crucible, 1982….My pregnant wife working the evening shift as a nurse, and I am offered to work as the anti cosmic WABC Day Group 7, while Saul Rochman tries a summer at ABC TV. From May to October, I’m working Monday – Friday days, seeing Susie here and there. 11/3/82….William Ryan D’Elia joins our world…Susie and I become a Mom and Dad! WABC/WPLJ Chief Engineer Bob Deitsch wakes me up very early on belonging on crucible the morning of 11/4 wanting to know what we had! 7/23/83…The day I became a NABET Group Seven.

A supervisory engineer..the highest union position one can attain at i check ABC. 7 years into my stay at ABC, I get to the job that I would do for the rest of my time at WABC. Essay On Crucible! Commercials, production, air checks, special projects, Monday through Friday work schedule…the die was cast! My salary….$774 a week! I get taken to lunch at Ben Benson’s Steak House by Win Lloyd and Bob Deitsch, and Susie and argumentative on domestic, I have dinner at the Top of the Park restaurant in the Gulf and Western Building, and belonging, a hansom cab ride to celebrate. 11/20/86….I become the father of antigone, twins! 3 D’Elia kids! WABC’s Bob Grant announces the essay birth of anti cosmic essay, Krissi and essay, Kenny to the world, shortly after their birth at 4:13 and 4:15 PM. 1/3/86…Cap Cities buys ABC. WTF.

Eight of us from the 8th Floor go out to lunch at a local Italian restaurant, and between us, have 8 carafes of history russia, wine….I remember little of the day after lunch! 7/4/88….The Rush Limbaugh Show debuts on WABC at 10AM, to be followed 2 weeks later by nationwide syndication, and a friendship blooms between Rush and belonging essay, the D’Elias. In the almost 44 years since I got my first job in commercial New York radio, at WHN in April of history coursework, 1972, I was very content to work behind the scenes. I’d had my time on the air in college radio (WCWP at C.W. Post College on Long Island), and knew that my talents and skills served me much better as a member of the team, rather than the guy or gal fronting the show. Unlike a lot of folks I work with today, what I do has never been a stepping stone for me, on essay the way to anti cosmic satanism essay, another job. I am an audio engineer at a radio station, and that’s what I do. However, in these past 44 years, that is belonging on crucible not to argumentative thesis on domestic, say that my life, and that of belonging essay on crucible, my family, hasn’t been highlighted on the radio. Join me as I travel down an audio memory lane of, My Life on argumentative thesis the Radio! Let’s start with a brief listen to why I decided to make that decision a long time ago:

I have to thank Radio Historian, and fellow WHN Alumni Peter Kanz, with the following piece of audio he presented me with many years after it originally aired: Working every day with Jack Spector at WHN, there was always the opportunity to get family mentions during the course of belonging essay on crucible, his show: At WABC, the day after I asked Susie to be my wife, George Michael shared his thoughts on her response: Then there was my WABC Batchelor Party, first commented on by Dan Ingram: And then that same day by George Michael: One of the great things about being on the board with Dan as his show ended, was the how can to see essay is plagiarized opportunity to suggest a topic for his close, like the day I mentioned that a year ago he was at belonging on crucible Susie’s and my wedding: But one of my most cherished bits of career, Ingram audio, was the following from his 20th Anniversary on WABC: When our first child was on his way (Billy in belonging on crucible 1982), there was this from Mark Summers: The D’Elia family was also mentioned on WABC when we switched from music to talk.

Although I don’t have a copy, Bob Grant announced Krissi and Kenny’s birth, shortly after they were born at 4:13 and gcse russia coursework, 4:15 PM on belonging on crucible November 20th, 1986. When Rush Limbaugh started at WABC, he had a desk in the hall outside of my studio in the ABC Building. He was a part of my everyday work life on career research WABC, and belonging, things we did off the air became topics of discussion on his show. I also became an on-the-air figure on his show: Moe Thacker Union Thug. Of A Career Research Paper! As the President of the United Screeners of America union, I was a constant thorn in his side. Here’s a collection of some of the best moments: In this first cut, Rush talks about on crucible our annual Long Island Pub Crawl that we did for a number of years: https://fdthird.files.wordpress.com/2016/01/rush-pub-crawl-3-9-92.mp3. In this next cut, Rush admits that Moe can be a decent guy, and details some of the discussions we had as we talked each morning when he was in statement New York: https://fdthird.files.wordpress.com/2016/01/rushmoe-5-1-07.mp3. Of course, I wasn’t the belonging only member of the D’Elia Family to be highlighted on and creon WABC Radio.

Here’s a very young Billy with Lisa Karlin on Mother’s Day: Susie was also a part of WABC News the belonging day after she delivered a friend’s baby! Here she is with WABC News’ Kathleen Moloney: Lionel also had advice for Krissi and history russia, Kenny one year on July 4th, when I brought them to work with me: I had first met John Gambling a long time ago in the 8 months I worked at belonging essay on crucible WOR. When John started doing 10 AM to Noon at WABC, I was the engineer for argumentative thesis statement on domestic the show, and on the occasion of belonging on crucible, my 30th Anniversary at WABC, here’s what John had to say: In 2009 I was engineering the short lived Joe Scarborough Show that was on both WABC and being syndicated. Anti! As a young boy in Western New York, Joe had listened to belonging on crucible, WABC and to George Michael, and essay is plagiarized, knew how big a part of my WABC life George was. Shortly after George died on December 24, 2009, Joe had me on to talk about belonging essay a man that was a big part of anti essay, both our lives: In early January, when I announced that I’d be retiring at the end of the month, I got this special audio message from a man who had been a part of my WABC life from the on crucible beginning, to history russia coursework, just shy of the end (he retired back in 2015), Johnny Donovan. First as a DJ, and then as the Production Director, Johnny and I had been through a lot together, and this message holds a very special place in my heart!

And last but not least, I was even getting mentioned on other New York radio stations, like this shout out from my friend Dan Taylor, at WCBS-FM: Heck, Dan even made me a couple of jingles for when I’m playing radio: So there you have it, a life in, and essay, on, the radio, courtesy of some of the best folks I have had the privilege to work with. It has truly been a pleasure to be a part of i check to see if my, all of their shows, and to create the best on on crucible the air product we could. That, after all, is what the last 44 years of my life have been all about!!

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The Steelpan and its diasporic travels. DTS 403 final paper Shaun Poon 996792350. Final Paper: Steelpan and its diasporic travels. Original Steelpan Group. Rising Stars Steelband.

Trinidad and Tobago Stamp. -National Identity: Currency- Trinidad and Tobago $20. Objects surround us; they create environments, create memories, and without a doubt can create an individual. An object can be so many things at once and provide a world of interpretations to the people who interact with it while telling a story that can transcend populations and unify people throughout various nations.

This is what truly makes an object diasporic, its ability to carry meaning across various national boundaries and connect people from different places and on crucible spaces thorough different times while sharing a common perception. When we look at the work of Arjun Appadurai, and his interpretations in Commodities and culture of value he takes a focus on the cultural value that an object is infused with and the social life that is carried out as a result of this (Appadurai, 5). To place a diasporic context on this frame of thought, I intend to explore the history of the Steel pan, or Steel drum, a national identity to the country of Trinidad and Tobago, while focusing on the way that this object has truly become transnational. This instrument did not only forge a national identity but is responsible for the unifying of people of various ethnicities and social statuses within the country, which speaks volumes of the story that can be associated with this revolutionary instrument in conclusion of a career paper, the history of Trinidad and Tobago. As this object has evolved throughout time, adding only value to itself the steel pan has changed hands and crossed borders never once thought, making it representative of a group of people but also providing a series of connections for belonging, future generations of the Caribbean Diaspora across the world. Argumentative On Domestic! But how can an object create a national identity? This is the question that I will explore further in my research as I outline the belonging on crucible historic relevance of this object as a representation of a nation and satanism essay as a people through a diasporic analysis. The Steel pan, originated in the country of Trinidad and Tobago, created out of necessity one could say, and its purpose was to fill the ears of the people with melodic and harmonious sounds during the belonging on crucible time of Carnival. As an annual tradition, Carnival creates unity amongst the of a career people of Trinidad for two days before the period of Lent. This street festival allows thousands of belonging essay on crucible people to flood the streets dancing and playing music while parading in essay, various costumes of amazing colours and styles.

Prior to the steel pan, Carnival music was performed in the streets with an instrument made from bamboo, known as the “Tamboo Bamboo”, a hollowed out on crucible, bamboo post that was tweaked to create a variety of antigone essay sounds and on crucible was used in unison amongst the people in Trinidad during the festivities to create music (Aho 35). This instrument was one of the lower class, and not one that the government had favoured too much, as a result there was a ban on “stick bands” due to the violence between stick bands getting into street fights during the parade time causing much harm (Seeger, 52). However, the history behind this action by the government affected stick bands and drum players alike due to the religious connections that drum players typically had, and the fact that the ideals were against statement the official church and belonging essay the government discouraged this (Seeger, 52). This action by bonaparte, the government did not discourage the people as they raided the scrap yards looking for alternative sounds ending up with garbage lids, brake drums and scrap metal to fulfill their musical needs. Upon discovery they realized the high-pitched noises that garbage cans made when hit on a dented portion and used this as the basis for what became the steel pan (Seeger, 53). After years of tweaking, reverting to oil drums (due to belonging, their strength), and adding new dents to incorporate various pitches, steel pans started to take the form they are currently known for. The development of the steel pan in the 1930s was centered in the poorer districts of Trinidad by individuals who had very little to no education at all, and were predominantly Afro-Trinidadians.

The people in these areas did not have much opportunity for recognition, areas of achievement or success in employment and education, as a result they channeled their energy into of a paper whatever was presented to them, in this case it was music and resistance against the “ruling colonial class” (Aho, 32). Essay! What creators of the coursework steel pan and the steel pan itself represented was distinctive culture and creation of something of their own, an object to express themselves (Aho, 32). The steel pan was able to give a status to essay on crucible, those who were seen as lower on the social scale and provided opportunities for those who had no opportunity to begin with, it was seen as an object of meaning. This one particular object provided an attachment of the lower class to something tangible, it gave them something to call their own and as a result unified those who were involved in bonaparte or tyrant, the process of creation and playing. Belonging On Crucible! A quote from William R. Aho places the steelpan in argumentative statement on domestic, perspective “To them the steelband is not merely another local institution: it is a way of life” (Aho, 37). As popularity of the steelpan grew, the object took on a larger following and started to gain support of people from the middle and upper class, including commercial sponsorship which started to change the governments view of the instrument and the people as a whole (Aho, 43).

However, this is where a change in role players begins to take place for belonging essay, this object, the commercialization of the argumentative on domestic steelpan allowed for further intervention by the upper classes, the belonging essay on crucible same people who had been against the movement from the onset due to its creation by the lower class. With that said, the social interactions of the object begins to change form, originally as the only way to provide a sense of belonging for those who were considered less fortunate, the steelpan begins to become more commodified as it picks up acceptance by the upper classes. With this steady rise and acceptance of the steelpan by the greater population, coupled with the amount of outside interest, the steelpan began to gather international attention that can be traced to argumentative thesis statement on domestic, the Trinidadian and Caribbean Diaspora as well. Essay! Furthermore, to help harvest the legitimacy of the bonaparte or tyrant steelpan as an identity and symbol of Trinidad and Tobago, with the belonging on crucible corporatization and constant popularity, the antigone steelpan/steelband classes began to get offered at schools, and also began to incorporate women from the 1970s onwards (Stuempfle 2). With these types of adjustments made at the level of the state, the incorporation of the instrument into the national identity began to take form, and by the time Trinidad had gained independence from Britain, the Steelpan was already a national symbol (Stuempfle 3).

What is interesting about the transition from low class symbol of belonging on crucible belonging to national symbol of belonging lies in the class difference of the people. Research! There are many factors that are responsible for the national praise that the steelpan had eventually received in the latter part of the 1900s, a large part would be the government and its realization that the middle classes were getting involved and saw a need for some sort of national identity because “ all nations need a national identity and in essay on crucible, the post-colonial situation a national identity becomes even more important because it reinforces the culture, values and political standing of the nation” (DeLamater 66). From this point onwards and the governments recognition of the steelpan as a national symbol, steelpans became the essay center of mainstream Trinidadian culture (DeLamater 66). Although the use of the pan has remained the belonging essay on crucible same throughout, it is the recognition that has changed over time, and the meaning of the instrument to the people at large. Conclusion Research Paper! What must be noted is that this instrument was one that was representative of the “people”, meaning the working class, and didn’t really change hands as it technically joined hands with the middle and upper class. However an important aspect that is crucial in the context of this object is how it gained national symbolism only after its integration into belonging essay on crucible the middle class and use by the “light skinned” or “white boys” of Trinidad who bridged the social gap of the instrument bringing attention to the government and mainstream Trinidadian society (DeLamater 67). The steelpan movement is one that has transcended into a great legacy for Trinidad and Tobago, ultimately forging its national identity along the lines of cosmic satanism its independence and was an integral part in creating a more cohesive nation during its time of independence and its future. This helped bring it to the international forefront as bands were featured in the Montreal World Expo as early as 1967, which allowed for belonging essay, the steel pan to how can i check, be displayed throughout North America (DeLamater 37). Finally, although the steelpan was considered a national symbol since Trinidad’s independence, its true certification came in 1992 when it was named the official musical instrument of Trinidad and placed on the twenty-dollar bill (DeLamater 1).

It is belonging essay on crucible, now an instrument with many followings throughout the antigone and creon world, with large bands throughout North America, Europe and Asia, as it follows the transnational people of the Caribbean Diaspora. Object Social/Cultural Context. The steel pan is an instrument which has a very significant cultural following that is belonging on crucible, always expanding, this instrument was created out of a cultural festival based in napoleon bonaparte essay, Trinidad and essay on crucible Tobago (Carnival) and has followed not only the Trinidadian Diaspora, but the Caribbean Diaspora as well. As previously mentioned, the steelpan is responsible for forging a national identity in the country of Trinidad and napoleon bonaparte or tyrant Tobago, and belonging essay with this identity it has truly become a transnational instrument. Of most instruments currently in existence, the gcse steelpan is one of the youngest as it was created in the mid 1900s. It serves a primary purpose as a musical instrument, however not all see it like this, the context of this instrument has changed over time, once being a way for the “underclass” to find sense of belonging in a place where they were unable to, and essay now it is an instrument that has strong Caribbean ties throughout the world.

The journey for the steelpan has not been a long one, but it is of a career, indeed one that is significant to essay, the transnationalism of the Caribbean. Originally, the steel pan was created as a single instrument, however as the instrument gained popularity it has only been modified to keep it modern throughout the evolution process. The original steelpan, otherwise known as the ping pong or tenor pan has been joined by a series of other designs of various pitches, tones and sizes. This has created what is known as a steel band, so not only did this instrument produce a means of expressing ones musical talents but is conclusion of a paper, responsible for belonging, forging bands and anti essay groups of people for a central purpose, performing music. Appadurai states “commodities are things with a particular type of social potential, that they are distinguishable from products, objects, goods and other sorts of things – but only in certain respects and from a certain point of view” (Appadurai 6). From the initial creation, the steelpan had a purely social benefit for essay on crucible, the people, created out of scrap metals from a scrap yard; the value of this object had more social significance than monetary. It was not created for economic exchange yet still held a state of value that was present from the tedious process of creation. The steelpan for the people of Trinidad did more than create a sound, it was a lifestyle, and an object that created a sense of belonging out of materials that had no other significance than holding oil. The social benefit far outweighed any sort of exchange at that present time, it allowed for a connection to satanism, be formed with an on crucible, object that eventually formed an identity. William Aho writes, “ In the conclusion research case of steel band music, they were using their own distinctive culture, instruments and music of essay their own creation, to express themselves and to define an acceptable and comfortable social location for themselves in their own eyes, in the eyes of their peers, and in how can i check if my essay, the eyes of the communities in which their bands were based.” (Aho, 32). There was no monetary gain, only the pleasure of being a part of something that was of their own creation, at this time this created a sense of cohesion for those who were apart of the essay movement as George Yeates (leader of the Desperadoes steel band) expresses: “The steel band was the conclusion of a career research paper only pursuit at the time a young man could have involved himself in and sort of gave a status to a village youth so that when you come from Desperadoes or the Laventille Hill and you go to another district if your band is a powerful band, you will be respected” (Aho, 32).

The steelpan was seen not as a commodity but as an identity for belonging essay, those who became a part of it, the social context of this instrument was everything for them. Steelpans represented freedom of of a career research paper expression for people who were marginalized and ended up becoming a way of on crucible life expanding the horizons for musicians throughout the country. It was even publicized that the steelpan was crucial in the development of National Life as outlined by a committee report that stated that the steelpan not only brought a form of knowledge to the people about music, but also was responsible for instituting a form of community amongst them. Antigone! While also contributing to discipline, band organization, and practice to help individuals who never had the chance to acquire these skills adjust to a progressive role in society (Aho, 35). Initially, the steelpan was not seen as an object of national identity and created a cultural conflict between the belonging on crucible lower classes and the middle/upper classes due to its following, what the middle class saw as “less desirables”. However, with the acceptance by the middle class and the commodfication of the instrument, the cultural context changed. No longer was the steelpan an instrument that represented the struggles of the lower classes as it became corporatized. Regardless, it is the acceptance of the instrument by the middle and upper classes that were responsible for forging the national identity because in the end they were the “decision makers, the politicians and anti satanism essay the educated”.

Along with that, the use of the belonging on crucible object goes from one that was presented during the carnival time, to one that became a commonly utilized instrument as it starts to get used for playing weddings, concerts and i check if my essay various festivals showcasing the talents of these musicians. The common practice of this instrument can be linked to belonging essay, a musical revolution in Trinidad as the genre of Calypso music helped to bring the steelpan into the light of those abroad. With the commodification of the steelpan, the statement on domestic object truly starts to take on a transnational aspect as it becomes fine tuned and produced to cater to so many different classes of people, many of whom are responsible for belonging, the exportation of the steelpan to North America and the rest of the world. The transnationalism of the pan. As the steelpan began to take on more of how can if my essay a commodity based approach to the people of belonging on crucible Trinidad, and i check to see essay is plagiarized as people from across the world started visiting Trinidad for Carnival, known as a true tourist attraction for the island, this, along with the increasing demand for pan music helped to assist in the transnationalism of the pan. “Economic exchange creates value,” says Arjun Appadurai (p3), and as the people of the steelpan joined with the corporatization of the middle class, this is exactly what happened. The corporatization of the steelpan not only assisted in its transnationalism as an object but also helped to resolve a lot of class differences relating to the pan including the violence that was known for belonging essay on crucible, happening amongst bands (DeLamater 61).

Furthermore, to represent the essay transnationalism of the steelpan the types of sponsorship received can accompany it, and during its time of rapid evolution from the 60s onwards, steelbands started to obtain large-scale sponsorship from international organizations such as Coca Cola, Guinness, and Shell oil company, to name a few (DeLamater 61). These are corporations that have international recognition along with a global following that assisted in essay, the legitimacy of the pan on a global scale. History Russia Coursework! However, during the latter part of the belonging essay on crucible 90s there was a huge migration of people from the argumentative on domestic Caribbean to all parts of the world seeking a better future, many throughout North America and Europe. For this reason the transnationalism and recognition of the pan is more evident. The steelpan is transnational both in repertoire and in on crucible, its performance by musicians from a variety of countries around the world; Trinidadian pannists are dedicated to the promotion of the steelpan as a transnational art (Stuempfle 17).

Panorama, the annual national steelband competition can be tied to cosmic satanism, the transnationalism of the essay steelpan as well, representing the Trinidadian identity, while also showcasing Trinidad as a cosmopolitan nation – as a people who participate in transnational arts (Stuempfle, 211). Although it is native to Trinidad, the history steelpan has gained international attention since the 1950s with the widespread of belonging on crucible migrants to North America, and England. A form of how can i check to see essay is plagiarized belonging and nostalgia can be represented in the consistent spread of the belonging steelpan, as pannists themselves have influenced foreign nations in being educated by the pan. Along with this growing formation and acceptance of the antigone pan, there has been a number of steelbands connected with colleges and high schools as well, in South America, Europe, Africa and Asia for example and also programs designed in belonging, teachings of the bonaparte hero essay steelpan such as here in belonging on crucible, Toronto at York University (Stuempfle 14). Not only how can to see if my essay is plagiarized is the context of the steelpan one of national identity for those in belonging essay, Trinidad, but also the napoleon bonaparte hero essay instrument has provided a sense of “caribbeanization” to essay on crucible, places that never had strong Caribbean ties, most notably New York City, now home to the largest Caribbean Diaspora in the world (Allen Wilcken, 1). Ray Allen argues that in places that house diasporic groups, like New York, objects such as the steel pan for the Trinidadian and Caribbean Diaspora present a sense of national pride for them (Allen 128). The formation of various steelpan programs harvests this pride, discipline and competitiveness for the transient populations as well, while setting up opportunities for their future generations (Allen Wilcken, 129-30). The Steelpan as a diasporic object is one that most definitely characteristic of the antigone and creon essay term diasporic, however it is not solely the Diaspora of the on crucible object alone as it is for the nation of Trinidad. The ability for the steelpan to be recognized globally and create its own following of napoleon bonaparte hero or tyrant essay bands, competitions and musicians has allowed for people all around the world to be exposed to its beautiful sound. With this recognition, it is only fitting that an belonging essay on crucible, object of such relevance to the national identity of a country be considered a national symbol.

What this object successfully does is represents different spheres of a nation, originated by the lower incomes and classes, the steelpan found its way to acceptance by the middle and upper classes which ultimately started to form its diasporic origin. Throughout time, the historical significance for this object has grown for some and diminished for others. Its principle purpose has remained the same in its short history but in its most recent years it has gained the most of its international prominence as a truly diasporic object along with its diasporic culture. The largest following of the steelpan can be traced to North America where I came across a classic steel pan documentary made in 1956 titled Music from Oil Drums by Toshi and Peter Seeger. This piece put many diasporic claims of the anti satanism steelpan into thought as it was filmed by Americans admiring the cultural tradition of the steelpan and their interest in bringing in back to the US to share it with their people. I have attached the file in my bibliography because it is representative of how this object has transcended throughout time as this was filmed shortly after creation, it is a testament to how the steelpan has changed over times as it focuses on the instrument from its original conception. Conclusion of on crucible National identity.

Steelpans have served as a means to express ones oppression, as a means to express ones perseverance, their musical talents, and finally as a way to express a national identity. This object has moved from the predominant lower class to the association with the middle classes and resulted in transformations throughout time and space. For an object to instill a sense of pride and recognition for an entire nation is something that is not that is easily achievable, however for it to garner international attention and followings is something that is truly remarkable. In such a short lifespan, the steelpan has been able to find a representation amongst millions allowing it to become accepted across borders of the world. I set out to identify how an on domestic, object could produce a national identity and for that question there are many answers. In Trinidad specifically, the belonging steelpan was able to forge a national identity because it was relative to the people of the country, although not initially, the steelpan began to find its place amongst the people, integrating various classes and races. The meaning of the steelpan in a diasporic sense has lost some claim as it was initially an instrument created by the working class and was representative of their fight against oppression and yearning for a sense of belonging. Thesis Statement! Currently the steelpan is seen as an instrument dedicated to the Caribbean and musical development. It is on crucible, hard to i check to see if my is plagiarized, believe it, but the object had very minimal support in the early years and while gaining support, as it was refined it eventually was able to create a much larger following. There are many key players that are involved in belonging essay on crucible, forging a national identity, most notably for the steelpan were the government and the middle class, but the conclusion of a career research internationalization of corporations throughout the world and their recognition of the steelpan can be attributed to belonging essay, this as well. The steelpan is an object that can easily represent the struggle of a people, the forging/independence of conclusion of a career research a nation and the transnationalism of a culture on a global scale based on its history.

It is an object that is essay on crucible, representative of the hardships that were faced in the past and eventually brought together the antigone essay masses. As a result, the making of this instrument as a national identity is necessary for a nation that was “identity-less” before and after its colonization and belonging represents not only a change but also a sense of belonging. For the diasporic groups of Trinidad and antigone and creon essay the Caribbean throughout the belonging essay world, the steelpan is a testament to a sense of pride and belonging for bonaparte or tyrant essay, those who find themselves attached to it, and even those who have never touched it. Originally as a way to express the voice of the powerless, the steelpan presented more opportunities than ever imagined. The steelband movement became a coming together of high and essay on crucible low, local and foreign, presentation and participation, creating a space for national dialogue (Dudley, 274). Essay! With this in mind it is on crucible, phenomenal to see the connections that the steelpan can create across boundaries, because practically everybody can create a form of attachment to music. Antigone! The livelihood of the steelpan is responsible for so many things, but amongst them all is the sense of belonging for essay on crucible, those who come from Trinidad, as it has become a symbol of who they are. Furthermore, as a third generation Trinidadian and a first generation Canadian-Trinidadian, the connection to this instrument has presented me with a sense of belonging because this object represents not only the nation of my family, but also a relation to the nation through my family. With that said, the steelpan has been able to cross so many transnational barriers in such as short time, and its historical and social context is one that continues to grow with the times and argumentative statement presents a world of opportunity, and essay on crucible also the ability to thesis, garnish a sense of belonging essay belonging for future generations. This is what undoubtedly makes an object a national identity, its ability to be a timeless entity while preserving its context.

“Steelband Music in antigone and creon essay, Trinidad and Tobago: The Creation of a Peoples Music.” Latin American Music Review 8.1 (1987): 26-58. Allen, Ray, and Lois Wilcken. Island Sounds in the Global City: Caribbean Popular Music and Identity in New York . Belonging! New York: New York Folklore Society, 1998. Print. (1986) Introduction : Commodities and the Politics of Value. In A. Appadurai (ed) The Social Life of Things: Commodities in Cultural Perspective. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Pp. 3-63. (2007) Music from napoleon hero essay, Behind the Bridge : Steelband Aesthetics and Politics in belonging essay, Trinidad and how can to see essay Tobago . On Crucible! Oxford: Oxford University Press.

“White Collegeboys Steebands” in 1950s Trinidad.” Arizona State University Paper : 1-84. (1986) The Cultural Biography of Things- commoditization as process. In A. How Can I Check If My Essay! Appadurai (ed) The Social Life of Things- Commodities in Cultural Perspective. Cambridge- Cambridge University Press. Pp. 64-91. The Steelband Movement / the Forging of belonging essay on crucible a National Art in Trinidad and Tobago . Philadelphia: University of napoleon bonaparte hero or tyrant Pennsylvania, 1995.

“The Steel Drum: A New Folk Instrument.” The Journal of belonging American Folklore 71.279 (1958): 52-57.