Essay on gay marriage rights

Booker T. Washington vs. W.E.B DuBois. On Gay Marriage. Segregation of African american had been present in the United States since the early 1600#8217;s. In the mid-nineteenth century, African American leaders have proposed many different theories and methods to address the injustices posed by the white majority on engineering college essay to the essay rights, African American population. The individuals who led the fight against discrimination includes Booker T. Washington and William E.B, who took completely different approaches in order to deal with this unfair treatment of dissertion definition African Americans. Du Bois.

Booker T. Washington took a more gradual approach towards African American equality while Du Bois took a more immediate stance. His approach was appropriate for the time because he advocated for African American#8217;s rights right after the Civil War while there was an infinite amount of hard feelings towards former slaves. W.E.B Du Bois#8217; approach was too extreme for essay on gay marriage his time. When he advocated for the rights of African American#8217;s it was about twenty years after the Civil War. Even twenty years later there were still great amounts of ill will towards former slaves. Du Bois tried to force his ideas on whites too much too fast. He wanted instant gratification while Washington settled for the long term. Despite their differences, both Booker T. Washington and William E.B.

Du Bois took steps to improve their fellow African Americans#8217; lives from 1877-1915. W.E.B. DuBois and Booker T. Collections. Washington were two of the most notable leaders who advocated as black assimilation into white America through the education of the essay on gay, black community. They encouraged black individuals to blend into society by becoming skilled workers. They also believed that by doing so the black community would be accepted by whites and would raise in dissertion definition, social level. According to Document A, the school enrollment by race was much lower for blacks in the period before when Washington and Du Bois became a great impact on the educational system. Beginning around 1905, there was an upward spike in essay on gay rights, Black schooled children which is credited to the efforts and influence from Washington and Du Bois. From 1890-1910, the percentage of illiteracy in blacks decreased by over half as shown in Document B. Du Bois and Washington also helped reduce the racial discriminations against on value, blacks. Based on document F, to essay marriage urge on racial discrimination Du Bois founded the Niagara Movement in 1905.

The fecal matter hardened the responsibility for racial problems in of punctuality, the United States on Whites. It urged Blacks to maintain for on gay rights what they are entitled to and and then oppose the essay, views of Booker T. Washington, who pressured Blacks to essay on gay rights stop demanding equalise regenerates. The Term Paper on African American Veil Black Bois. . Du Bois argues that Washington's approach to coursework race relations is counterproductive to the long-term progress of the African American race. Washington's acceptance . the separation both physically and psychologically of essay on gay marriage blacks and whites America. Physically the veil separates blacks and whites through Slavery, Jim Crow laws, economic . Collections. Document H indicates that his ideas received much scrutiny. Essay Rights. People accused his emphasis on vocational training as an idea which stifled the collections of essays, progress of the black race because it ?condemned? the education received by college educated blacks. Also, many believed that vocational education served as a barrier which kept blacks from achieving higher levels of education. Furthermore, many thought that Washington?s methods did nothing to help black racial progress and thought accommodationism created a larger polarization between blacks and whites. Furthermore, Document J clearly expresses how Washington?s acceptance to submit to white authority did nothing to help the discrimination faced by his race. The portrait depicts a white man and on gay rights a black man drinking water from separate water fountains. The black water fountain is labeled as ?For Colored Only,? communicating that Jim Crowe serves as a significant aspect of post reconstruction Southern culture.

Failure to challenge white authority would only allow the whites to continue their discrimination towards the blacks. Du Bois strongly promoted didactics for Blacks. Without education, millions of Blacks would not metamorphose for jobs. His education was responsible for engineering college admissions essay his leadership. Du Bois was the first Black-American to crystallize a Ph.D. at Harvard University.

His wide of the on gay marriage, mark usage of vocabulary helped him gain the support of many. Du Bois believed that in stray for people to work and dissertion definition view progress they necessitate to fork up basic rights. Rights. According to document E, he believed that Blacks could not be disadvantaged of of punctuality education, the right to vote, and essay marriage rights other civic rights. Du Bois similarly helped found the field association for the Advancement of Colored flock (NAACP), which was a gracious rights governing to oppose segregation and racial discrimination. The Term Paper on African American Washington Dubois Americans. . obstacles for college essay African Americans that Booker T. Washington and W. E. B. DuBois challenged was the on gay rights, lack of education available to coursework blacks in the South . ideology gave way to marriage popularity of Washington in both the African American and white communities. For African Americans this was a major solution to on value of punctuality . Although Washington and Dubois were two of most famous people who took different approaches to deal with this unfair treatment of African Americans, there were many people who opposed both methods that Washington and Dubois employed, and claimed that more emphasis needed to be placed on the current situation of the African American race.

According to document I, After the Reconstruction had just ended in 1877, Carter Woodson argued that emphasis should have been placed on the current economic situation of the blacks rather than the possibility of political equality. He believed that current issues should have been given emphasis because their rewards would have been more easily obtainable. This criticized both methods as Washington and Dubois focused on long term rewards rather than short term rewards. Throughout the essay, course of American history, the fight for equality will forever be the most influential movement on our present society. And it could not have been brought about without the strategies and feats by African American leaders like W.E.B DuBois and Booker T. Washington. Washington#8217;s and Dubois#8217;s method?s in dealing with black racial discrimination and poverty received much criticism. I believe that Washington?s ideas were more appropriate for is time because he advocated for African American#8217;s rights right after the Civil War while there was an infinite amount of dissertation conscience hard feelings towards former slaves and expected it to happen over essay rights a long period of time unlike DuBois.

The Essay on Native American Europeans Americans Africans. . where females are still excluded. Similar to the Native Americans Africans had a tribal society. They were both communal with . money. College Essay. They think their superior to the Native Americans and Africans by their worth and power. Europeans wanted to . Rights. were built to convince the Africans and Native Americans into Christianity.

Yet, both the Africans and Native Americans were polytheistic. Even with the . Essay. Get premium quality work from professional service. Native American Vs African American Trickster Tales. . Essay. impossible possible. Pertaining specifically to the African American and Native American trickster tales is the personification and thus . in the trickster tales of the African Americans and the Native Americans, which deals with the apparent . Edited. African American Washington Harris Bois. . education and political gains. On Gay Rights. Washington felt as though that African-Americans should work in the agrarian sector, whereas Du Bois felt that the southern blacks . Washington were also include, entitled, The Booker T. Washington . the white southerners . . Exposition, Washington gave a speech before a crowd of whites and dissertation African Americans. Here he states that blacks cast . education and jobs.

W. E. B. Du Bois criticized his views and argued that Booker had been wrong to compromise. Du Bois stated Black . MLK. Rights. Jr, Malcolm X VS. B.T. Washington, Du Bois. . Booker T. Washington and dissertion W.E.B.

Dubois had two very different ideas on essay how to accomplish their goals for equality. Washington urged blacks . black boys need education as well as white . Collections. Bois, on the other hand, felt that the advancement of American blacks . Booker T Washington Versus W E B Dubois. . . Booker T. Washington and Others, DuBois said that Washington's accommodationist program asked blacks to give up political power, insistence on civil rights, and higher education .

Descartes Sceptical Challenge: What is the foundation of knowledge? The opening premise of the Meditations by Rene Descartes is a sceptical challenge, one that had been made urgent in Descartes’ time by the conflict between science and religion. Descartes attempts to answer that challenge in his Meditations about First Philosophy . Essay Rights? In this paper I will outline the sceptical challenge that Descartes imposes on of essays himself and discuss whether or not Descartes is essay rights, successful in answering it. The latter part of this paper deals with the question whether Descartes is essay, a ‘methodist’ in the Chisholmian sense of the word and whether there is essay marriage, another way of meeting the sceptical challenge posed by Descartes. Descartes philosophical project is to find a foundation for obtaining certain knowledge, which was brought about by the emerging natural sciences.

He argues that the best way to begin a search for indubitable knowledge is by subjecting all his beliefs to a radical sceptical attack, even if this doubt would be considered ridiculous in ordinary life. Descartes goes down the path of methodical doubt because he realised that it was necessary “to demolish everything completely and start again right from the edited, foundations”. 2 In the Discourse on Method —written some years before the Meditations—Descartes gives a prelude of his later philosophical work: Not that, in so doing, I imitated the sceptics who doubt only for doubting sake, and affect to be always undecided; for, on the contrary, my whole plan had for its aim assurance and the rejection of marriage rights, shifting ground and sand in order to find rock and clay. 3. The doubt that Descartes employs in the First Meditation is not ordinary spontaneous doubt as we experience in everyday life, nor is it an argument for global scepticism. His methodical doubt is a thought experiment, which he uses to clear his mind of preconceived ideas and find foundations for his new philosophy. Descartes attempts to doubt everything he ever thought to be true – not by doubting all of his opinions one by one, but by attacking the sources of knowledge e.g. the senses, the mind (our ability to reason) and our imagination. Engineering? Descartes provides three reasons for on gay doubt in the First Meditation: The possibility that we are deceived by terminale, our senses leads him to the conclusion that we can never trust anything we learn through the senses; The possibility that we are now dreaming leads him to conclude that we can never trust the content of our consciousness; The most hyperbolic doubt at the end of the First Meditation is the introduction of the Malicious Demon ( genus malignum or deceptor ) 4 deceiving us about the marriage rights, existence of the world:

I will suppose therefore that not God, who is supremely good and the source of truth, but rather some malicious demon of the utmost power and cunning has employed all his energies to deceive me. I shall think that the sky, the air, the earth, colours, shapes, sounds and all external things are merely the delusions of dreams which he had devised to ensnare my judgement. 5. This hypothesis implies an all encompassing doubt for it denies trusting our senses, the content of our consciousness and our ability to reason. The Demon can cause all of these illusions without any connection to college admissions essay, a world outside our minds. In order for Descartes to marriage, lay the sceptical hypotheses to rest and on value find a foundation for certain knowledge, Descartes needs to slay the essay on gay marriage, Malicious Demon. Pierre Gassendi (1592–1655) approved of Descartes’ project ‘‘for freeing [his] mind from all preconceived opinions’’, but he objected that ‘‘this strategy makes it necessary for [Descartes] to convince [himself] by dissertion definition, imagining a deceiving God or some evil demon who tricks us, whereas it would surely have been sufficient to cite the darkness of the human mind or the weakness of our nature’’. 6 Descartes’ reply to this objection is that he needed to essay on gay rights, justify the dissertion definition, doubt from a methodical point of view ‘‘for a philosopher knows that it is often useful to assume falsehoods instead of truths in this way in order to shed light on the truth’’.

7 Descartes regards his doubt as merely hypothetical as he concludes the Synopsis of the essay on gay marriage rights, Meditations by noting that “no sane person has ever seriously doubted” many of the matters that he calls into question. 8. Nineteenth century pragmatist Charles Peirce argued against Descartes that his doubt is not sincere and that we can not commence with complete doubt, but rather that we should start with prejudices that we actually have and dissertation that we should only marriage rights, doubt when justified through studies. Admissions? 9 Descartes’ epistemic principle is that beliefs are false until proven correct, Peirce juxtaposes this by arguing that beliefs should be considered correct until proven false. Newman argues against Peirce that Descartes’ doubt need not be sincere.

The misconception lies according to Newman in supposing that Descartes’ method requires sincere doubt as opposed to a merely hypothetical doubt. Hypothetical doubt is according to Newman sufficient to induce recognition that one’s confidence is marriage, not unshakably firm as is required for the foundations of knowledge. 10. Descartes’ doubt is justified from a methodological point of view, but as Gassendi points out, the methodical doubt leads to the problematic sceptical hypothesis of the Malicious Demon. Ignoring the doubt because it is not considered to be sincere does however not take the sceptical hypothesis away. Descartes introduced the doubt to ‘‘prepare [the] readers’ minds for the study of collections, things which are related to the intellect”. 11 Descartes has however opened Pandora’s box in the First Meditation and the question remains whether Descartes is able to close the box and lay the sceptical hypothesis to essay on gay rights, rest. Descartes’ main argument against on value of punctuality the existence of the Malicious Demon is the assumption that God is a good and perfect entity. Being a deceiver is considered an imperfection and God can therefore not be a deceiver: … I recognize that it is impossible that God should ever deceive me.

For in every case of trickery or deception some imperfection is to be found; and although the essay on gay marriage, ability to dissertation, deceive appears to be an indication of cleverness or power, the will to deceive is rights, undoubtedly evidence of malice or weakness, and so cannot apply to on value, God. ((Descartes, Meditations on First Philosophy , p. On Gay Marriage? 37. )) Descartes’ idea of God as an infinitely good being is based on edited of essays the Catholic interpretation of the nature and attributes of essay, God. This assumption is certainly not beyond doubt as it is not necessarily true that God is a perfect being. Descartes gives prime importance to the existence of of punctuality, God and writes in the Fifth Meditation that ‘‘certainty and truth of all knowledge depends on cognition of the essay on gay marriage rights, one true God’’. 12 It could be argued, however, of the opinion that Descartes’ comments can not be taken at face value and that the engineering college admissions, Cogito is central to Descartes’ epistemology, not the proofs for on gay rights the existence of God. The purpose of the collections of essays, proofs is to remove the doubt raised in the Third Meditation that a deceiving God may have created us with inadequate cognitive capabilities. Essay Marriage? The Cartesian proofs are however unsatisfactory because of dissertation terminale, his theological presuppositions. The doubt that we might be deceived about the existence of the on gay, external world and our cognitive capabilities therefore remains. American philosopher Roderick Chisholm (1916–1999) begins his discussion of the problem of the criterion by asking the following questions: 13. What do we know? or What is the extent of our knowledge?

How are we to decide what are the criteria of knowing? If we know the answer to either of these questions, then we are able to find an answer the other. If we can specify the criteria of knowledge (Question 2), then we may have a way of engineering college essay, deciding how far our knowledge extends. Chisholm refers to this approach as ‘Methodism’. 14 If we on the other hand know how far our knowledge reaches (Question 1), and are able to essay marriage, say what the things are that we know, then we may be able to formulate criteria enabling us to differentiate the things that we do know from those that we do not. Chisholm refers to this approach as ‘Particularism’.

The sceptic will argue that we can not find an answer to question 1 if we don’t already know the answer to question 2 and vice versa. Descartes’ philosophy contains both strands of Particularism and Methodism in the Chisholmian sense of the word. Descartes can be called a Methodist because he starts his philosophy with a method to obtain absolute certain knowledge—which is illustrated by the titles of two of his early works: the Regulae (the Rules) and Discourse de la Methode (Discourse on Method). Essay? Descartes writes in marriage, the Regulae that those who haphazardly “direct their minds down untrodden paths” are sometimes “lucky enough in their wanderings to terminale, hit upon some truth”, but “it is on gay rights, better … never to contemplate investigating the truth about any matter than to do so without a method”. 15 In the Discourse on Method Descartes defines four rules for obtaining certain knowledge: 16. ‘‘Never to accept anything as true that I did not know to coursework, be evidently so …” ‘‘To divide each of the difficulties that I was examining, into as many parts as possible and on gay rights necessary …’’ ‘‘To conduct my thoughts in an orderly way, beginning with he simplest objects … in definition, order to climb gradually …” “… everywhere to make such complete enumerations and such general reviews that I would be sure to have omitted nothing.” Descartes’ philosophy is however not purely Methodist in nature. Ernest Sosa argues that Descartes applies an openly particularistic methodology. 17 Descartes’ first step in escaping the vacuum of doubt is the Cogito (I think therefore I am).

Descartes derives from the Cogito that he is essay on gay marriage, essentially a thinking thing ( res cogitans ) and in the Third Meditation he subsequently points out that from the on value of punctuality, fact that he is a thinking thing he can conclude that ‘‘whatever I perceive very clearly and distinctly is true’’. 18. The fact that Cartesian philosophy contains both strands of Particularism and Methodism is illustrative of the circularity in Cartesian philosophy. On Gay Rights? Descartes needs to find a method to distinguish valid beliefs from wrong beliefs but we can only determine a correct method if we have some examples of justified beliefs. In the end it does not matter whether Chisholm’s classification can be applied here.

The main question is whether Descartes is able to essay, answer the sceptical challenge and essay on gay marriage escape the circularity. A brain in a vat that believes it is walking in the sunshine (Source: Wikipedia). Hillary Putnam described a modernised version of Descartes’ Evil Genius—previously proposed by edited of essays, Peter Unger—by describing a world in which we don’t have a body, 19 but our brains are kept in a vat by an Evil Scientist, who feeds electric impulses to essay rights, our brain which make us believe that we exist in edited, a material world. 20 This idea has recently been visualised by the Wachowski brothers in the science fiction trilogy The Matrix, in this version mankind is unknowingly imprisoned in incubators and our brains are connected to a virtual reality computer program called The Matrix. In this last section of essay on gay marriage, this paper I will discuss these modernised sceptical hypotheses. Two questions need to be asked to determine the validity of the sceptical hypotheses: could there be such an Evil Scientist or Matrix and if the answer to that question is true, does the sceptical conclusion follow? The Principle of Unlimited Inquiry. Michael Slote uses principles of scientific reasoning to my hero school essay, evaluate the acceptability of competing theories such as the ‘brain-in-vat’ hypothesis versus real-world realism. The principle Slote advances to marriage rights, demonstrate that the sceptical hypotheses are unjustified is the edited of essays, Principle of Unlimited Inquiry: 21. It is scientifically unreasonable for someone to accept what is for essay on gay marriage rights him or her at that time an edited collections inquiry limiting explanation of a certain phenomenon; There is reason for such a person to reject such an explanation in favour of an acceptable non inquiry-limiting explanation of the phenomenon. The Principle of Unlimited Inquiry expresses the intuition that scientific hypotheses should not rule out rights further investigation of their subject.

Slote argues for the Principle because ‘science is essentially … an intellectual enterprise that seeks … the completest possible explanation of why things … are the writer, way they are.’ 22 Slote employs this principle to reject the Cartesian demon hypothesis and its modernised versions by arguing that the sceptical hypotheses are enquiry limiting. When one accepts that we are for example brains in vats, all intellectual inquiry ceases as all phenomena are mere illusions and essay on gay further inquiry is pointless. Writer? Slote’s rejection of the sceptical hypotheses implies that theories that do comply with the Principle of Unlimited Inquiry can not be final explanations and hence that all scientific theories are temporary constructs. Essay On Gay? Final explanations—which is the ultimate goal for most scientists—are by themselves inquiry limiting because a final explanation would cease all further inquiry. The sceptic can however embrace the Principle of Unlimited Enquiry because through this principle, science is not the final explanation of a material world outside our consciousness, but an instrument for making predictions about the world. Whether the edited collections, world described by science is a material world or a virtual world is not significant. David and Jean Blumenfeld argue that just because a theory is enquiry limiting, doesn’t render it false. 23 The principle of unlimited enquiry can be used as a guide for scientific research but not as a general principle for obtaining knowledge.

The Blumenfelds distinguish for this reason between pragmatically reasonable and epistemic reasonable hypotheses. The former are those hypotheses which one could accept given one’s practical aims, for example in scientific research or political debate. Epistemic reasonable beliefs are those beliefs for whose truth we have good evidence. Slote anticipates this objection and argues that pragmatically reasonable and essay on gay epistemic reasonable are one and the same. There are two ways of interpreting Slote’s argument. One could say that if an hypothesis is scientifically reasonable then it is also epistemic reasonable. This is a plausible principle as it does not exclude any other forms of obtaining knowledge other than science from providing epistemologically reasonable beliefs. A second interpretation is that Slote means that a hypothesis is epistemologically reasonable if and only if it is scientifically reasonable. Slote defends the last reading by analysing ‘epistemologically reasonable’ in essay, terms of the agent’s cognitive goals. These goals are of intellectual (or theoretical) understanding and knowledge in essay marriage, general, and includes no other interests.

The Blumenfelds however, show that it is coursework writer, sometimes necessary to hold ‘non-intellectual’ beliefs to on gay marriage, further one’s intellectual concerns. 24 Science is not a purely intellectual pursuit. Collections Of Essays? French sociologist Bruno Latour has for example placed science and technology in a social context. On Gay Marriage? He argues that science does not distinguish itself from other human activities through the application of logic, but through what Latour calls ‘associologic’—the ability to transform the perceived world by creating associations between phenomena. Dissertion? Scientific facts are according to Latour not discovered, but ‘constructed’. 25 Slote is unable to reject the marriage, sceptical hypotheses by subjecting it to scientific standards because he overloads science by asserting that it is the my hero school essay, only source of epistemic reasonable hypotheses. Another objector to Slote’s use of the Principle of Unlimited Inquiry to reject sceptical hypothesis is essay on gay marriage, James Franklin.

In his paper ‘Healthy Scepticism’ he argues that there is a symmetry between the coursework writer, sceptical hypotheses and realism, e.g. both theories are equally valid in on gay marriage rights, explaining our observations. 26 The symmetry argument does not solve the question whether a Malicious Demon or Evil Scientist exists or not, but it shows that these sceptical hypotheses can not simply be argued away. Franklin discusses the dissertion, argument raised by Slote that true beliefs lead to pragmatic success and that the realist hypothesis leads to rights, predictions about actions, future events and so on. Franklin’s reply is that ‘the correlation between true beliefs and pragmatic success can be doubted’ and dissertion definition that ‘successful predictions do confirm realism, but … successful predictions also confirm illusionism’. Essay On Gay Marriage Rights? 27 Future predictions can be made in both the illusionary and realistic world view because scientific theories are inferred from perception, whatever the essay, source may be. The symmetry argument is very powerful in establishing that we have no way of knowing whether we are being deceived by essay on gay marriage rights, the evil genius. Does this imply that we are for ever locked in a global scepticism, denying any veridicality to our sensory experience, the content of our consciousness and the validity of our inferences? Franklin argues that in both the sceptical and the real-world hypotheses we can obtain knowledge about the of essays, world as we perceive it, the rights, question remaining however is what this world is that we are referring to. I believe that this question is irrelevant in our every day lives and on value of punctuality that even the staunchest sceptic has to accept that there is a world around us. Charles Landesman, who argues that colours do not exist, admits that when he is searching in the market for a ripe tomato, he has no doubt that the tomato he purchases is actually red. 28.

Thinking about the Malicious Demon, the Evil Scientist or The Matrix is analogue to marriage, speculating about what exists outside the writer, universe. It is impossible for us to conceive of anything outside the essay on gay marriage rights, universe (the theories of physics collapse when attempting to describe the universe prior to the Big Bang). Whatever exists outside the my hero, known universe has however no influence on our possibility to obtain knowledge about the world, whether the universe is material or consists of images in our mind is not important. This is an impressive piece of work, demonstrating wide scholarship and considerable depth of understanding. My only real criticism is that I think you have tried to cover too much ground with a consequent loss of focus and essay marriage rights depth in edited, the discussion of some key issues. On Gay Rights? The comments that follow relate to sections of dissertation terminale, your essay. The discussion here misses some important issues. On Gay? The first is the connection between the method of doubt and Descartes’ scientific concerns. You touch on college this at on gay marriage rights, one point, but a bit more is needed to show why the sceptical arguments are so important for Descartes.

Also you focus entirely sceptical arguments in Meditation 1, but the sceptical challenge that concerns him most emerges in Meditation 3. Though it could be briefly formulated in Meditation1, its full force only emerges after the Cogito and conscience the introduction of the notion of clear and distinct perception. This is essay on gay marriage rights, a good discussion of the edited of essays, Meditation 1 program. But I think the doubts in Meditation 3 are not hypothetical, Descartes is confronted by on gay marriage, an inconsistency between his views about the certainty found in the Cogito reasoning and his belief in dissertation, the unlimited omnipotence of essay marriage rights, God. College Essay? This little section is rather weak. You did not allow yourself space to examine the arguments in marriage, any depth, but what you have done does not seem to take us far. What was really needed at this point was some discussion of the essay on value of punctuality, circularity objection, since that is where the most important philosophical issues are to be found. The case for saying that Descartes is a Methodist is not well made. Certainly Descartes stresses the notion of method in both the essay on gay marriage, early works and in essay, the Meditations, but in the context of marriage rights, Chisholm’s point ’method’ has a more precise meaning, for to be a Methodist one must believe that there are certain criteria that we can look for and use to dissertation, establish knowledge.

In the rights, Meditations Descartes comes nearest to this with the dissertion definition, introduction of clear and distinct ideas, but he gets to this in the Particularist style. Some have suggested that the Method of on gay rights, Doubt is Methodist in Chisholm’s sense: the definition, idea being that we have knowledge when we find that we have beliefs that resist even the most extravagant attempts to doubt them. A major worry I have here is that in leaving the discussion of Descartes at this point you leave too many things undiscussed, the most important being the role of clear and distinct perception and the circularity objection. I really think these topics are crucial to this essay. The discussion of Slote is thorough and insightful. This is the marriage, best section of the essay.

Written for the Monash University course Origins of Modern Philosophy A. Amended with comments by Aubrey Townsend. #8617; Rene Descartes, Meditations on first philosophy , edited by John Cottingham (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1996), p. 12. #8617; Rene Descartes, Discourse on my hero essay method and essay on gay rights the meditations (Harmondsworth: Penguin Books, 1968), p. 50. #8617; Rene Descartes, Meditationes de prima philosophia , edited by David Manley and Charles Talylor (Wright State University, 1996): Accessed: 1 December 2003. #8617; Descartes, Meditations on first philosophy , p. 15. #8617; Rene Descartes, The Philosophical writings of Descartes , volume II, edited by John Cotingham, Robert Stoothoff, and edited collections Dugald Murdoch (Cambridge University Press, 1984), p. 180. #8617; Descartes, Meditations on first philosophy , p. 11. #8617; Lex Newman, ‘Descartes’ Epistemology’, in: Edward N. Zalta, editor, The Stanford encyclopedia of philosophy (2000) – Accessed: 25 January 2004. #8617;

Descartes, The Philosophical writings of Descartes, p. 121. #8617; Descartes, Meditations on first philosophy , p. 49. #8617; Roderick M. Chisholm, The foundations of knowing (Sussex: Harvester Press, 1982), p. 65. #8617; Descartes, Discourse on method and the meditations , p. 41. #8617; Ernest Sosa, ‘Chisholm’s epistemic principles’, Metaphilosophy 34:5 (October 2003), p. 554. #8617; Descartes, Meditations on first philosophy , p. 24. #8617; Peter Unger, Ignorance, a case for scepticism (London: Clarendon Press, 1975), pp. 7–8. #8617; Hilary Putnam, Reason truth and history (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1981), pp.

1–21. #8617; Michael A. Slote, Reason and scepticism , edited by H.D. Lewis (London: Allen Unwin, 1970), p. 67. On Gay Marriage Rights? #8617; David Blumenfeld and Jean Beer Blumenfeld, ‘Can I know that I am not dreaming?’, in: Michael Hooker, editor, Descartes: Critical and interpretative essyas (Baltimore: John Hopkins, 1978). Essay On Value? #8617; Blumenfeld and Blumenfeld. #8617;

Bruno Latour, Science in action. How to essay on gay rights, follow scientists and engineers through society (Milton Keynes, 1987). #8617; James Franklin, ‘Healthy scepticism’, Philosophy 66 (1991), pp. 305–323. #8617; Charles Landesman, Skpeticism.

The central issues (Oxford: Blackwell, 2002), p. 37. #8617; Peter Prevos on Desk Study of the construction logistics of the pyramid of Khufu G Watson on Desk Study of the construction logistics of the pyramid of Khufu Peter Prevos on Pyramidology: Interpreting the Egyptian pyramids traoquafb2017.com on Pyramidology: Interpreting the my hero essay, Egyptian pyramids Tochukwu on The Social Importance of Rites of Passage and Initiations. The Horizon of Reason is an imprint of. Social scientist and engineer who dabbles in magic.

a commentary essay Chances are your professor has given you an assignment to on gay rights, write an essay that reflects on a piece of literature, or another body of work like a film or play. Definition. Do you know how to on gay marriage, write a good essay? One basic way to elevate the quality of your next essay is to stop summarizing and start commentating. And it’s easier than you may think. In this post, I’ll explain the difference between summary and commentary. Then, I’ll show you how to definition, put commentary to good use to marriage rights, make your next essay assignment awesome. How to Write a Good Essay Part 1: Learn the Difference between Commentary and Summary. You need to understand the difference between commentary and summary.

While both writing styles can be used to edited collections of essays, discuss another piece of work (like a play, book, movie, or poem), this is about the sum total of their similarities. Here are the three main differences between summary and commentary: Summary is a brief account giving the main points of something. Commentary is a series of explanations and interpretations. Summary is surface. Commentary is deep.

Summary is regurgitation. Commentary is marriage rights, original. There is only one way to provide a summary : You read or view a work, and essay on value, then write down a recap of what the work is all about. However, there are many ways to rights, provide commentary , including: Here are some real life examples of essay on value of punctuality, summary and commentary: A summary is something you’d read in a movie description or on the back of a book, like this summary of The Godfather: Part II from essay on gay, IMDb: Commentary is what you’d read in conscience terminale a film or book review, like this one from Rotten Tomatoes: As you can see, the main difference between these two write-ups of The Godfather, Part II is the IMDb summary includes no opinion or evaluation, while the Rotten Tomatoes review includes the opinion “strong performances” and the evaluation “set(s) new standards for sequels that have yet to essay, be matched or broken.” How to Write a Good Essay Part 2: Sample Essay. I know you’re supposed to be writing an essay right now, so don’t procrastinate by watching this awesome, comedic zombie movie. But, as soon as you turn this essay in, if you haven’t seen it already, watch it! Seriously, it’s so good. In the meantime, for admissions essay our lesson, watch this YouTube clip of one of my favorite scenes from the film. It will serve as the on gay marriage body of work that I’m going to my hero, commentate on. First, let me show you how I would write a summary of essay on gay rights, this scene: In this scene from the 2004 movie Shaun of the Dead , Shaun (played by Simon Pegg) wakes up with a hangover and walks to the convenience store to buy a soda and an ice cream.

In his hungover condition, he does not notice anything that is going on school around him. On his way to the store, he walks by on gay rights, what appears to dissertion definition, be zombies roaming the street. There is essay on gay marriage, mayhem all around him. A car window is dissertion, smashed and marriage, the alarm is blaring, a person is running for collections his life away from zombies, there are bloody handprints on the cooler, and rights, the convenience store clerk is missing. On his way home, Shaun passes even more zombies, including one who he mistakes for a homeless person. When the school zombie approaches him, Shaun says, “No, I don’t have any change. I didn’t even have enough for essay on gay the shop.” He makes it home safely and turns on the TV, ignoring the essay on value news reports about the zombie invasion. While this may be a perfectly good summary of this scene, it doesn’t offer any additional insight into essay rights, the film.

My summary simply regurgitates what happened, play-by-play. There’s really no point in reading this summary; instead, you could just watch the essay scene and learn everything I just discussed, and you’ll have more fun doing it. When your professor asks you to provide thoughtful commentary on a piece of work, you can be sure that he or she does not want you to just give a detailed recap of the events. This does not show that you’ve put forth any effort. In fact, writing that summary took me under a minute, with little thought. The one thing a summary can provide is background for your commentary. You want to give your reader some context on the piece of work, while also providing your insightful and opinionated commentary. Let’s start working on this now. How to Write a Good Essay: Offer an Opinion.

First, I’m going to insert an opinion into essay marriage rights, my summary. To make it easier for you to follow, I’ll highlight my opinion in green . My Hero Essay. In this clever and on gay marriage, satirical scene from the 2004 movie Shaun of the Dead , Shaun (played by Simon Pegg) wakes up with a hangover and my hero essay, walks to the convenience store to buy a soda and an ice cream. How to Write a Good Essay: Offer an Interpretation. Next, I’ll insert an interpretation . In his hungover condition, he does not notice anything that is going on around him. This provides insight on how Shaun, like many of us, lives his day-to-day life, almost as a zombie himself, just going through the motions without noticing the world in essay marriage which he lives. How to dissertion definition, Write a Good Essay: Offer some Insight. Next, I’ll insert some insight . On his way to the store, he walks by what appears to be zombies roaming the street.

There is mayhem all around him, but this mayhem isn’t a far cry from Shaun’s daily reality . A car window is smashed and the alarm is blaring. Today it is from a zombie, but on essay on gay marriage rights a normal day, a regular thief could have smashed it . A person is on value, running for his life away from zombies, but on a normal day, it could be a person running to catch the bus . How to Write a Good Essay: Offer Your Personal Reaction. Next, I’ll insert my personal reaction : There are bloody handprints on the cooler, and the convenience store clerk is missing, which, along with the creepy music soundtrack, gives a sense of impending doom as the viewer watches Shaun obliviously bumble along. On Gay. How to dissertation terminale, Write a Good Essay: Offer an Evaluation. Finally, I’ll insert my evaluation and a little more opinion and insight . Essay. On his way home, Shaun passes even more zombies, including one who he mistakes for a homeless person. When the zombie approaches him, Shaun says, “No, I don’t have any change.

I didn’t even have enough for the shop.” Incidents like these make this film the my hero essay perfect satirical comedy about what it means to be alive in the 21 st century . Essay On Gay Marriage Rights. This is emphasized again when Shaun makes it home safely and my hero school, turns on the TV, ignoring the news reports about the zombies. This brilliant satire points to the sad fact that a typical person’s life is already so horrible that a zombie apocalypse wouldn’t even mark a change for the worse. So, how does my final Shaun of the Dead commentary look as a whole? Check it out: In this clever and satirical scene from the 2004 movie Shaun of the rights Dead , Shaun (played by school, Simon Pegg) wakes up with a hangover and walks to the convenience store to on gay marriage rights, buy a soda and coursework writer, an ice cream. In his hungover condition, he does not notice anything that is going on around him. This provides insight on how Shaun, like many of us, lives his day-to-day life, almost as a zombie himself, just going through the motions without noticing the world in which he lives. Essay On Gay Marriage Rights. On his way to the store, he walks by what appears to be zombies roaming the street. There is mayhem all around him, but this mayhem isn’t a far cry from Shaun’s daily reality . Coursework Writer. A car window is smashed and the alarm is blaring.

Today it is from a zombie, but on a normal day, a regular thief could have smashed it . A person is running for his life away from essay, zombies, but on a normal day, it could be a person running to catch the bus. Writer. There are bloody handprints on essay on gay the cooler, and essay, the convenience store clerk is missing, which, along with the creepy music soundtrack, gives a sense of impending doom as the viewer watches Shaun obliviously bumble along. On Gay Marriage. On his way home, Shaun passes even more zombies, including one who he mistakes for a homeless person. When the definition zombie approaches him, Shaun says, “No, I don’t have any change. I didn’t even have enough for on gay rights the shop.” Incidents like these make this film the perfect satirical comedy about what it means to be alive in essay on value the 21 st century . This is essay on gay marriage rights, emphasized again when Shaun makes it home safely and turns on the TV, ignoring the essay news reports about the zombies. This brilliant satire points to the sad fact that a typical person’s life is already so horrible that a zombie apocalypse wouldn’t even mark a change for the worse . How to Write a Good Essay Part 3: Final Rules to essay on gay rights, Consider. Now that you’ve seen commentary in action, I want to point out a couple more important rules that will help you write a good essay. Rule One: Avoid Subjective Phrases. Even when giving commentary in the form of an opinion, avoid using subjective phrases like “I hope,” “I believe,” and “I think.” These are just throwaway phrases. As I discussed in my previous post about writing a cover letter, these phrases are redundant (you wrote the essay, so it’s obvious you think, believe, or hope what is written) and they reduce your credibility. Rule Two: Maintain a 2:1 Ratio of Commentary to Summary.

In general, you should provide approximately two points of commentary for dissertation every specific detail you offer. Essay On Gay Marriage. While summary is still important for giving your reader context, commentary is my hero, critical to writing a good essay. Rule Three: Follow Your Instructor’s Rules. Sometimes your instructor will want you to marriage, only offer opinion; other times, he’ll want you to only offer insight or interpretation. Conscience Terminale. Other times, you’ll have more freedom as to what type of essay, commentary you include in your essay. The important thing to edited of essays, remember is to follow your instructor’s rules for the assignment. Marriage. If you need more help learning about how to write a better essay, I recommend reading this post about how one teacher used movie reviews to help students improve writing, and of punctuality, check out this cool slideshow about commentary. And of course, don’t forget the essay final step for writing a good essay: editing! Have your essay edited by a Kibin editor, a peer, or a parent. How about you?

Have you struggled with using too much summary in your essays? Or, do you find writing commentary to be fun? Let us know in the comments. Psst. 98% of edited collections, Kibin users report better grades! Get inspiration from over 500,000 example essays. About the Author. On Gay Marriage. Naomi Tepper is a former Kibin editor, the former content manager for the Kibin blog, and forever a word nerd. Pretty long, but I grabbed what I came for.

Thank you Naomi. Dissertation. #8212; Please reply above this line #8212; ## Naomi replied, on Mar 31 @ 7:37am (PDT): ## Conversation started by Disqus, on Mar 30 @ 2:52pm (PDT): A NEW COMMENT WAS POSTED ON KIBIN BLOG [4] This comment is awaiting moderator approval. Pretty long, but I grabbed what I came for. Thank you Naomi. 5:52 p.m., Sunday March 30.

Moderate This Comment By Email. Email address: [emailprotected] [5] | IP address: 197.210.248.22. Reply to this email with #8220;Delete#8221;, #8220;Approve#8221;, or #8220;Spam#8221;, or moderate from the DISQUS MODERATION PANEL [6]. You#8217;re receiving this message because you#8217;re signed up to receive notifications about activity on marriage threads authored by of essays, kibin. You can unsubscribe [7] from emails about activity on threads. authored by kibin by replying to this email with #8220;unsubscribe#8221; or reduce the rate with which these emails are sent by adjusting your notification settings [8]. [4] /HTTP://REDIRECT.DISQUS.COM/URL?IMPRESSION=89144BEC-B855-11E3-9808-00259034104EFORUM=633029THREAD=1935738242BEHAVIOR=CLICKURL=HTTPS%3A%2F%2FWWW.KIBIN.COM%2FBLOG%2FHOW-TO-WRITE-A-GOOD-ESSAY-COMMENTARY%2F%23COMMENT-1311091921%3AL-RAIE1CUBNO3ZWGARTXKWVJHNUPOST=1311091921TYPE=NOTIFICATION.POST.MODERATOREVENT=EMAIL [5] mailto:[emailprotected] You#8217;re welcome! Glad you found what you were looking for! Thank you so much.

This was way more help compared to rights, the tips my teachers give me! Hi Becky, aww thanks! I#8217;m so happy that you found this post helpful. Cheers! Naomi. Thank you, Naomi! You#8217;re so welcome! I love Shaun of Dead and essay of punctuality, end of movie clip got me good. The hand come out the on gay rights no where scary crap out me. T.T Good luck with your book, hope good well for you. Thank you very much.

Haha. Edited Of Essays. I agree that movie is essay marriage rights, crazy good, and that scene just makes me shiver! its the conscience terminale same format for news article :-)? Hi Eve, good question! Yes, the rights same principles apply to dissertion definition, commentating on rights a news article. Thanks for reading!

Wow, thank you for this very detailed information.. On Value Of Punctuality. it seems you can apply it to any sort of satire or as an opinionated response to any form of literature. I also struggle with this sort of essay, thing.. and yes.. as writers we must all know the of essays differences between summaries and our own personal input (Commentary). But as its been shown here, its all about the presentation.. Essay On Gay Marriage Rights. I have to work on that. Hi! Thanks for on value of punctuality reading! I#8217;m pleased the information has helped. Yes, writing effective commentary is always about presentation.

Good luck! does it all apply the same for an entire book instead of just an scene, like you did?Would I need more paragraphs because it#8217;s a whole book or do I just pick the main scenes and have the same amount of paragraphs as you did? Great question! My example is based on a very short scene, so it#8217;s okay for it to be very short. Commentating on an entire novel will most likely require more writing than my example shows. I would suggest you choose a specific aspect of the novel to evaluate (perhaps based on the requirements of your assignment) and then pick and choose scenes throughout the essay marriage rights book that support your evaluation. Write commentary similar to my example for coursework EACH scene from the essay on gay marriage rights novel that you chose.

Put those all together, making sure to use appropriate transitions (https://www.kibin.com/blog/how-comedians-teach-you-to-write-good-transition-sentences/). Don#8217;t forget to write an introduction with a thesis in the beginning and a conclusion at the end. Here#8217;s one possible outline you can follow to dissertion, help: https://www.kibin.com/blog/write-5-paragraph-essay-outline/ Great tips. Nice article. Interesting, that appears to have been directly lifted from the infographic I created for this blog. https://www.kibin.com/essay-writing-blog/writing-an-argumentative-essay/ What do they say? Imitation is the highest form of flattery? Thanks for sharing. Rights. this is coursework writer, great article. I would suggest you choose a specific aspect of the novel to evaluate. (perhaps based on the requirements of your assignment) and essay marriage, then pick and. choose scenes throughout the book that support your evaluation.

You post is really useful. I believe that while writing an assay the most important thing is Be Yourself. Nice post. I was. really looking for some useful essay writing tips and. Dissertation Terminale. must say, these are the best ones I’ve stumbled upon! I#8217;m sure that there are no bad advice. I also agree that if you define a style of writing commentary or summary. It will be easier to approach the writing of the text.

It is important to write in the first person. On Gay Marriage Rights. If you want, you can use over on value college paper writing service. The best article on writing commentary essays. Thank you for marriage sharing your step-by-step guides. Engineering College. You#8217;re welcome. Thanks for the comment. On Gay Marriage. #128578; That was great, what an inspiration that would be! Thank you so much for your tips. Hi Janice thanks for the comment. Super happy to help out.

Woow this article was awesome and very clear! Thank you!! But I wonder, does this apply also to academic essays?? Yes, absolutely!! Thanks for reading. Definition. #128578; This guide helps me a lot, definitely will share this essay writing help to my friends. Heading off to tweet this awesome guide. On Gay Marriage. Awesome! Glad we could help, Carlos. Thanks for reading and sharing. love this. question: under the #8220;personal reaction#8221; examples you also have this: #8220;which, along with the creepy music soundtrack,#8221; but it is not in a different color. It#8217;s not summary.

Would you call this part personal reaction? Or opinion? Good catch! My using the word #8220;creepy#8221; to describe the soundtrack would qualify as me stating an opinion here. I can#8217;t be sure that everyone would think it creepy. This is only slightly distinct from a personal reaction ,which would be more like #8220;The soundtrack creeped me out.#8221; #128578; Thank you, Naomi! I#8217;m an academic writing adviser and this is a super useful, clear, and engineering college admissions, thorough example I can use for my students.

Thank you Naomi. Rights. That#8217;s amazing! I#8217;m so happy to hear it. Thanks for your kind comment. Edited Of Essays. #128578; Well, this article is essay on gay, quite informative. I will share it with my mates so they can know about it. Awesome! Glad it helped you and thanks for sharing. #128578; I still do not understand about the commentary my teacher said in our first commentary that you need to explain what is going on in the quotation but it still sounds like summarizing and when she explains waht to writer, do it still sounnds like summarizinng. The difference can be really confusing.

When you use commentary, you#8217;re often adding an opinion or evaluation #8212; not *just* stating what is rights, going on in the quotation. You might try asking yourself if your commentary answers the question, #8220;So what?#8221; So if you write #8220;In this quotation, [author] is describing [X],#8221; and you ask yourself #8220;So what?#8221;, you might realize that you can add on college admissions essay to this sentence with something like: #8220;#8230;which is important because [reason 1] and [reason 2].#8221; Then you#8217;re not only saying what is happening in the quotation (summarizing), but you#8217;re showing the larger significance of what is happening #8212; that#8217;s what commentary is for #128578; i usually don#8217;t comment, but i think the topic sentence has a part that kinda sound like a summary. On Gay Marriage Rights. Do you mean this sentence: #8220;In this clever and satirical scene from the dissertion definition 2004 movie Shaun of the on gay marriage Dead, Shaun (played by Simon Pegg) wakes up with a hangover and walks to the convenience store to edited of essays, buy a soda and an ice cream#8221;? You#8217;re right that it#8217;s almost a summary #8212; what sets it apart is the #8220;clever and satirical#8221; phrase, since that inserts an opinion #128578; But, the other things is essay, very good, thx for engineering college admissions essay the tips. Finally something clear and concrete! I#8217;ve searched far and wide for a way to help my honor students develop their commentary instead of marriage, summary.

May I borrow for my students? Absolutely, Dulce! #128578; I#8217;m so glad that you find it useful!

college essay blog Nicholas Handler, is a junior at essay marriage rights Yale University majoring in history. Handler is active in social justice organizations and my hero, hopes to become a human rights lawyer. I never expected to gain any new insight into the nature of my generation, or the changing landscape of American colleges, in Lit Theory. Lit Theory is supposed to be the class where you sit at the back of the room with every other jaded sophomore wearing skinny jeans, thick-framed glasses, an ironic tee-shirt and essay rights, over-sized retro headphones, just waiting for lecture to be over so you can light up a Turkish Gold and walk to lunch while listening to Wilco.

That’s pretty much the way I spent the course, too: through structuralism, formalism, gender theory, and post-colonialism, I was far too busy shuffling through my iPod to see what the patriarchal world order of capitalist oppression had to do with Ethan Frome. But when we began to study postmodernism, something struck a chord with me and made me sit up and look anew at the seemingly blase college-aged literati of which I was so self-consciously one. Letter: Fortunately, College Has Changed. This is in regard to definition, your college essay contest that took place last year. The essay entitled Fortunately, College Has Changed by Matthew Bender from the University of Arkansas has several factual errors and insinuations. Then entire first and second paragraphs are neither chronologically or factually correct. How do I know that there are errors?

Because I am Mervin Jebaraj, the person referred to essay, in the opening paragraph. 1. Of Punctuality? A committee of students wrote the on gay rights actual text of a proposed bill not a note. The idea began in November of 2007 and not in the spring. 2. There was no staying up all night, and there was no on campus bbq. The committee obtained a meeting with Sen. Madison after a lot of work and didn’t just pass a note to her.

The committee also spent months working with her and other legislators. to see the resolution passed. We don’t appreciate the trivialising narrative of our work. 3. The resolution never asked for the creation of socially aware investments, the options already existed. 4. The conference I went to was well after the divestment process and was to share ideas about divestment with others as opposed to receiving inspiration for divestment. 5. There is an engineering essay implication that I was skinny dipping and smoking marijuana in Belize. Essay Marriage? Neither is true.

I hold the New York times in essay of punctuality, the highest regard and hope that you will take this seriously. In the future, I hope you check the. veracity of statements made before you publish them. Mervin Jebaraj, Research Assistant, Center for Business and Economic Research. Liz Addison , 38, is a biology major whose goal is to become a large animal veterinarian. She has trained a winning racehorse and essay on gay, is interested in American presidential history. Oh, the hand wringing. “College as America used to understand it is coming to an end,” bemoans Rick Perlstein and his beatnik friend of fallen face. Those days, man, when a pretentious reading list was all it took to lift a child from suburbia. When jazz riffs hung in the dorm lounge air with the smoke of a thousand bongs, and college really mattered.

Really mattered? Rick Perlstein thinks so. It mattered so much to conscience terminale, him that he never got over his four years at the University of Privilege. So he moved back to live in its shadow, like a retired ballerina taking a seat in the stalls. But when the curtain went up he saw students working and studying and working some more. Adults before their time. Today, at the University of Privilege, the student applies with a Curriculum Vitae not a book list. Shudder. Frankie Thomas , is a junior majoring in cinema-television critical studies, with a minor in gender studies. Her immediate plans include dropping out at essay on gay marriage the end of the year to write and/or travel. She is a film maker and a blogger, with interests ranging from the social history of the Victorian era to birdwatching to the novels of Dawn Powell.

I had the kind of college experience most people only essay, dream about. Charged by the atmosphere of intellectual exploration, inspired by professors who pushed me farther than I’d ever imagined I could go, I made fascinating new friends at Skidmore; together we discovered Nabokov and Kafka, Citizen Kane and Dr. Strangelove, and our own literary voices. It was a three-week summer program. Essay Rights? I was fifteen. Now I’m twenty, halfway toward graduating from University of Southern California, and my hero essay, if I had a thousand dollars for every college student I know who Struggles With Depression…well, I still wouldn’t have enough money to pay my full tuition. But it would keep me going for a semester or two, assuming I didn’t lose my own struggle and drop listlessly out. As our SATs would have put it, “depression” is to “college campus” as “consumption” is to “Victorian orphanage,” and ours is a generation of wheezing waifs.

Max Lance , 23, is a freshman at USC’s School of Cinematic Arts, majoring in writing for film and television. He hopes to essay marriage, make his mark either with a “life-changing TV show” or by “marrying someone rich.” When I dropped out of college three years ago I would have completely agreed that college isn’t the cultural experience that it was hyped up to edited collections of essays, be. As I return this September, I’ve realized that it’s a good thing it isn’t. I completely agree that college as America used to essay on gay marriage, know it has come to an end, but I believe that schools have changed for the better. The problem I had when I quit school the first time around was that I never adjusted to how schools have changed. Dissertation? I dropped out because of on gay marriage my mislaid expectations; the writer same ones that Rick Perlstein is nostalgic for. I’m going back to school because I’ve realized what the college experience is like today and I’m now more than prepared to abuse it. Like nearly everyone in essay rights, my graduating class, I attended higher education because that’s what we did next. Terminale? College seemed more like 13th grade rather than a place where I would be opened up to radical people and ways of thinking. Essay On Gay Rights? I spent my freshman and essay, sophomore years doing what I needed to do to get good grades because that’s all I had done since kindergarten.

And even though I worked hard to on gay marriage, earn a 3.7 GPA, I dropped out of New York University because of a complete lack of conscience terminale passion for what I was studying (journalism, via process of elimination). Travis Weinger , 21, is a senior majoring in history, with a concentration in war, revolution and social change. His minor is essay on gay political science. He is a founder of the Triton, a newspaper at UCSD, and dissertion definition, of the Symposium, an on-campus discussion group. Rick Perlstein’s article, boiled down, is essay on gay rights simply an extended version of the bitching that every generation hears from the one that preceded it: “Back when I went to school, we walked uphill in the snow both ways…” In sum, college mattered back when Mr. Perlstein went to it because that was when he went to it.

Since college has changed from when he remembered it, he wants us to engineering college, believe that it has somehow degenerated into on gay marriage irrelevance. The vast majority of Perlstein’s complaints fit under the above rubric. Our college experience is not as liberating as his was (no longer can we simply phone public intellectuals and bully them into visiting our dorms). Our activists are not as radical as his were (we don’t take over enough buildings). Our connection to the Sixties isn’t as strong as his was (our band members aren’t former revolutionaries). College Admissions? We are not as alienated from society as he was (we engage our world, not whine about essay it). Perlstein’s claim that his experience was in some way both richer and harder than the next generation’s is an old one, and is continuously echoed by every generation.

Like most complaints of this type, it is largely groundless and mildly insulting. To respond to essay, it bit by bit would validate his nostalgic whining to on gay rights, a degree it does not deserve. The Cultural Contradictions of American Universities. For the past twenty to thirty years, we have seen the great degradation of post-secondary education. Conventional wisdom suggests that the problem lies simultaneously within the hands of the politicians and the students. This narrative does not account for the history of college. Throughout the modern age, the role college played in writer, the national debate was minimal.

To this date, there has only been one president with a Ph.D., and both The New Deal and Truman’s Fair Deal did relatively little for college and education in general (with the essay on gay exception of the G.I. Bill). Dissertation Conscience Terminale? And even today, most candidates on both sides of the isle have the same prescription for college: the problem is lack of funding, therefore, the solution is to increase funding. It usually ends at that. In order to find the true crisis of marriage rights college, we must first look at its true purpose. A few months ago, Charles Murray wrote a controversial series of columns in the Wall Street Journal arguing, not that college had been written out of the national debate, but that its role is too great. Conscience? Essentially, too many people are going to essay, college who did not need college, but instead needed vocational training. There are serious problems with his logic to be sure, not the least of which is his obvious IQ-ism.

While it is engineering college true that college is in essay on gay, need of some serious reforming, focusing solely on IQ will not solve them, for IQ is not the only purpose of college. For example, there are, what a professor of engineering admissions essay mine called, “latent overtones.” That is, those unexpected, and unintended consequences of college learning. For example, one might discover a great philosopher that he’s never heard of, or another collegiate finds that they enjoy a field of study which they did not expect. Marriage Rights? But this is, of course, part of the intellectual journey of engineering college admissions essay students. College exists not, as conventional wisdom suggests, to change the culture. It exists to create a new breed of intellectuals.

All politics aside, students should exit college not knowing simply what to think, but how to think. This is where Mr. Murray and I agree. Marriage Rights? He hits the nail on the head when he describes the purpose of my hero essay college, that college is created to train the elites to do their jobs. However, this purpose has been lost in a quagmire of watered-down curricula and fluff courses. And this brings us to the real problem of on gay marriage college: the college searing anti-intellectualism of the youth.

Education is the single most important factor in the growth of our country. Marriage Rights? Specifically, higher education paves a future and provides opportunity for students that attend college and engineering college, gives them a shot at a career. Marriage? 50 years ago, college was strictly for the elite, high class Americans. Now, it seems that every common household has at least one family member attend college. Essay On Value Of Punctuality? But with the increasing drop out rate today, students seem less interested in learning at college and their priorities change from their original goal of graduating. The importance of education today is a growing factor because the future of this country depends on the students in college today. College is misunderstood by essay marriage rights, many incoming freshman.

All of the television advertisements and billboards encouraging students to attend college are used as bait to essay, reel in student’s tuition. Essay Marriage? Parents encourage their kids to attend college after graduating high school because they want to see their kids have a shot at success. However, college is not cut out for dissertion definition, everyone. More freshman than ever are dropping out on gay marriage rights, after their first year because college can be overwhelming through everything that takes place within campus boundaries. Essay? The pressures of college whether it’s to essay on gay rights, impress parents or maintain a high GPA grasps hold of many students while they are in college, freezing them from conscience terminale work and on gay rights, attending class regularly.

Back in the 50’s and 60’s when college was becoming so popular, people attended college solely to improve their education and coursework writer, learn through the college experience, in hopes of obtaining a career after graduation. Marriage? Now, people attend college because their friends or girlfriend go there. Many people attend college just to party as much as possible. College can be misleading for teenagers fresh out of high school, and people who feel that continuing their education isn’t the most important factor in attending college should not apply. College matters because without a thoroughly educated society, America would fall to its knees and regress into deep depression. Jobs would flounder because the people applying for them wouldn’t get accepted without college degrees. Pat Brown expanded university development in California in 1966 to essay, encourage people of essay on gay rights every social class to attend college and gain a higher education. The reason for definition, his rapid expansion was because the number of college students doubled from 1957 to 1967, and Brown decided in order to improve society and keep America running, more universities should be built to attract new students. However, in 1997, only 54 percent of students that attended college as freshmen graduated with a degree six years later, 30 percent not even finishing their freshman year.

Once students enroll in rights, college, dropping out is the worst decision they can make. The opportunity cost of dropping can be detrimental to a student’s financial standing. Dropping out also means dropping tuition, and students are often left with debt to pay off depending on coursework writer which year they dropped out. Entering in a low paying job, drop outs must slowly pay back student loans, which is why college is so important to essay, stick to and graduate once enrolled. The likelihood of students being able to pay off student loans quickly after graduating is much greater than the likelihood of dissertion definition a drop out paying off loans. Drop outs sometimes will only make enough money per paycheck to pay off previous college debts, not leaving any left over cash for leisure activities.

Once choosing the decision to attend college, remaining in on gay marriage rights, college is the most important decision a student can make, in order to avoid living a below average lifestyle. Young adults are fed by change. No matter how resistant or welcoming I am to change, when all is school essay said and done change sustains me. Two years as an essay on gay undergraduate student at edited collections Fordham University have been made slightly easier by knowing this about myself, because college means change. On Gay Marriage? Even with the engineering still shrinking cyber community and the ‘real world’ opportunities offered to on gay, many young people today, nothing can replace the rush of change attached to the college experience. College students are encouraged to make noise. When interviewed by Rick Perlstein for an article entitled ‘What’s the Matter With College” students were very vocal. Hamilton Morris, a New York bred college student, described a college experience where many students hate school “with a passion” and dissertion definition, “don’t leave”. Rights? Perlstein writes that Morris’s feelings are proof of a “culture of enervation” which overwhelms many campuses today.

Instead of seeing what Perlstein describes, students without hope or the will to pursue their studies, I see Morris as describing a culture of restlessness. Students who claim to hate college but still do not leave are experiencing a kind of essay restlessness which comes with the package. Students experience change so quickly–changes of passions, opinions and interests. They are bound to become restless, especially when the off-campus world is within arm’s length. I often smile to on gay, think the world is at my fingertips when I am surfing the internet, but the truth is my fingers are touching my keyboard, and dissertion definition, I am planted in my kitchen chair drinking Diet Coke. College offers me the on gay opportunity to shake hands with the leaders of business, art, science and medicine–something the internet can not give me.

College professors do not want students to be excited about school and terminale, theory alone–they want them to take their passion into the world beyond the on gay rights campus. I am not writing this commentary for my school newspaper. I am writing it for New York Times Magazine, a publication Journalism majors like me aspire to coursework, work for. College urges me to aspire, to voice my opinions, and yes, to change. The problem with colleges in the 21st century is convoluted with many deciding factors, resulting in essay on gay marriage, a more complex position for edited collections, current college students to experience, unlike any previous generation of on gay marriage rights college students. In my opinion, being a college graduate student and one who has been involved in conscience, my school, I can honestly say that the biggest problem with our generation is the sense of nihilism, which is plaguing the our very core of our being. Essay On Gay Rights? It is definition important to realize that this comes not only from essay on gay rights college campuses, but the society in general; people just don’t care. If they do care and want to be involved, societal pressures, mostly economic, is what keeps them from being invoked with the essay on value of punctuality spirit of the previous generations. There seems to be no sense of urgency when it comes to our generation.

Nihilism will do that to on gay, everyone. My Hero School Essay? I also find it interesting that the people who do want to be involved do not necessarily know what to get involved with. Essay? In the 60s, it seemed to be clear cut what the problem was; racism, sexism, or the war in Vietnam. A contrast between the 60s generation and us now is that people do not what the problems really are. The mentality when speaking to college students; they seem to focus more on trying to get that 80K a year job then the socio-political issues affecting us. It is evident that we value the dollar more so than we value the human struggle. So apathy also plays a role.

It is important to realize that we must do something, otherwise everyone suffers. Sending your child to college is not an option in American society, and it’s hardly a privilege at that. In today’s fierce and fast paced world it is collections a necessity For most parents, thought goes into how they will even fund such a venture within the first few months of the child’s conception. College funds and essay on gay marriage rights, savings bonds, money from relatives and graduation parties, this all gets stored until an entire portion of that funding goes towards expensive college visits. On Value? Not only does the on gay child want to go to college, that child has picked out dissertation conscience terminale, 10 in essay rights, which there is an orientation at each for writer, prospective parents. Essay On Gay Marriage Rights? They want to see where their money is going, as well as where their child will sleep, learn, and become the successful adult they were meant to be. What is wrong with college? As a successful student at a prominent Chicago school, I, for one, have plenty of opinions on the matter. Let’s look at coursework “our war” by first taking a retrospective glance at Vietnam. My father, a student at the time of Vietnam, was a conservative at a very conservative Indiana school.

He still wore his GDI shirt most days of the week and talked highly of the rights camaraderie between fellow students. There were protests that were actually allowed on engineering essay his campus. When the students died in on gay rights, the Kent incident he remembers rallies against the war in school essay, their honor. Marriage Rights? He also remembers reading the names of the edited dead soldiers with the rest of on gay marriage his class, keeping in somber memory the edited collections of essays fight his country was in. Bands of students were scared, there was a draft in essay on gay marriage rights, effect. Everyone had war on the mind and as those 18 year olds took on their first years of college, they had a lot more to worry about than where the weekend’s keg party was taking place. They were learning, growing, and forming opinions on definition the world they were entering by knowing their current events and being passionate about them. Essay On Gay Rights? Of course, without the of punctuality internet, their local papers brought them more world events and less Lindsay Lohan. Being passionate about the world takes a certain naivety that forms when someone does not already have the opinions of others so easily accessible. The internet has taken so much of this away from essay marriage current students.

In my experience, you only edited of essays, have to make a choice on which websites to read. Essay Marriage? Looking at our war today, many students walk away from it, choosing not even to recognize that it affects their daily world. There are many more cliques, many more places to falter, and college, many more reasons not to care. Hold a pen in front of you and essay marriage rights, look at it; notice its size and color in particular. Now, slowly move it away until you have your arm fully extended. Notice anything different? Probably not, and that is how it should be. If we remember back to middle school science class, color is partially dependent upon the angle that light hits an object. But we just moved an object, causing the angle to change from our perspective, and on value, did not notice any change in color. The pen also moved further away without any apparent change in size.

I forgot the intricate details that explain why this happens, something to do with a portion of the brain that keeps our perceptions fluid . What I do remember, and will never forget, is how cool this all seemed and essay on gay, how much more there is to the world when you get past the surface. College is engineering essay a pretty different place today than it was for my parents thirty years ago. On Gay Marriage Rights? Then again, so were the two worlds in which we were raised. Most kids in my generation were not raised in essay, the Sandlot. We did not hang out at the malt shop after school. And we definitely did not attend any sock hops (or if we did, best believe we did not call them that). Instead, we started out playing on jungle gyms with woodchips and protective rubber flooring underneath. Eventually, we found ourselves being chauffeured to marriage, organized baseball practice, in a minivan.

By high school, the importance of getting into edited of essays a good college had been seared into us and serious attention had to be allocated toward after-school activities and other kinds of enriching events to make sure that we were “well- rounded”. Here’s a fun game that anyone my age can play: ask your parents what they got on their SATs. If they can, you win! Basically, it is essay on gay like hitting the lottery, since your parents have to be like one out of a million. High school students in the 60’s did not pay $1,000 for an SAT class and definitely did not go to any Independent College Consultants. As Mr. School Essay? Perlstein stated, college was seen as a place sort of apart from the rest of the world.

Kids went there and were met with new people, ideas, and situations. Back then, as I understand it, college was not seen as a stepping stone or a rung on the ladder. You did not go with the mindset that it was simply a means to end, a place to simply collect good grades and then experience the essay on gay marriage ‘director’s cut redux edition’ of college admissions in dissertation conscience terminale, the form of graduate school, an internship or a job. Why College Matters: A Response to on gay marriage rights, “What’s the Matter With College” I suppose I should begin by saying that I don’t go to a real college. I mean, I don’t feel like I go to a real college. I don’t take real classes. I don’t live on writer a real campus. On Gay Rights? I’m a music major and attend the Peabody Institute in Baltimore, Maryland. Peabody is an established music conservatory, one of the schools of Johns Hopkins University (despite what I say about it not being a “real” school).

In his essay, Perlstein is edited making it seem that today’s college undergraduates and the ideals we pursue are somehow deficient. Essay On Gay Marriage Rights? That we’re missing out. He’s especially concerned that we’re nothing like the essay of punctuality students of the 60s and 70s. Essay Marriage? He’s right about coursework that, but that is nothing to be ashamed of. We’re students who want (or carry) the iPhone. We are environmental activists. We’re more technologically savvy than Perlstein’s generation. Rights? We get our information and communicate in a totally different way. We’re amazing jugglers. Engineering College Essay? We’re a new breed.

It is interesting to read that the defining issue for the 1966 California gubernatorial race was college. For my sake, and I’m sure for the sake of a lot of my peers, I wish it were still that way. College sounded romantic and fun. My friends argue that things have changed in the past 40 years, and that there are bigger fish to fry. The war, for example. Making a living once college ends. When they start complaining, however, about essay on gay marriage classes and stress, I ask them, “aren’t there bigger fish to fry?” at which they sigh outwardly, roll their eyes, and throw their hands up in the air.

I understand where their frustration lies. Conscience Terminale? We still feel young in marriage, the scheme of things, and not ready to plan out our lives after college. It feels like we’ve been doing nothing but planning since freshman year of engineering high school. Marriage Rights? Who has time to worry anyway? Right now, I am worrying if I have enough money to pay the rent this month. Many of my classmates worry how to my hero school essay, pay for the next semester. To be honest, when it came to college, most of us never really had a choice. Where I grew up, in essay rights, Greenwich, Connecticut, there was never the option of “college vs. Dissertion? no college.” The choice was “Ivy League vs. state school,” or something along those lines. The whole getting-ready-for-college experience was important. As you thumb these pages, reader, loyal subscriber, conscious citizen with an appetite for essay marriage, inquiry and thoughtfulness, or may I say fellow American, you tell yourself that you want to sample a young student’s intellect.

Certainly I do believe that my own college experience has been important, even critical, to my life and to dissertation, my thoughts here and now, but young and impressionable does not necessarily partner with a tame, meaningful sense of hindsight… My college experience has fostered some growth. Essay On Gay Marriage? But for the nation? Lend me some relevance. Am I to accurately describe my confusion with you over coffee to tell you how this all breaks down–I fit in the puzzle and I’m one of the corners, right? Politics. We don’t have movements, and we don’t have causes. Dissertion Definition? A choice between higher education and higher purpose has been made; show me one text message, fellow student, that you have wanted the whole country to essay marriage, read. Children live at school.

Especially if they don’t have much of a home life to live in the afternoon or evening, kids live and learn at school. College isn’t so different, only first graders aren’t expected to shape up all by themselves when they appear to definition, be wasting time. Oh, college students aren’t either? Pity. Rights? I guess higher education isn’t all that important. Maybe the problems of dissertion higher education are just fronds atop a mirage of public schooling.

Talk to Herbert Kohl, Jonathan Kozol, John Taylor Gatto, men who are trying to wake this country up, and they’ll show you what’s happening to my younger brothers and sisters. Content in the shade, college students loaf, while in more dangerous environs, under the pretext that they are to learn, children sit down in their desks each morning in the arms of a crumbling system. In college, we choose to sleep in, not to participate, excel, regress, etc. If higher education is important to the nation, why don’t more people act like it? Better yet, if education is so important to the nation’s future, why is it neglected? Important as it is, I feel proud to remember the words of essay on gay Thomas Jefferson, who often can remind us of politicians’ and citizens’ true responsibilities: “It is highly interesting to our country, and it is the duty of its functionaries, to provide that every citizen in it should receive an education proportioned to essay on value, the condition and pursuits of his life.” He speaks to the politician, tells him to take a good look at his fellow Americans. What sort of education will he provide to essay on gay marriage, match the collections of essays condition, the essay marriage rights quality of life? If the quality be poor, will he stick to poor schooling until lifestyles rise to the occasion? Try downtown Anywhere, where elementary schools have been forced to remove social studies and college essay, arts in favor of apparently year-round test preparation, for standards in English and mathematics. The “need to know” world and the world of standardization are one in the same, and columns of darkened bubbles are in essay rights, no short supply, though there’s still a need to live.

The Problem with College: Why We No Longer See Ourselves As “Part of” a Community. One anomaly of American society is that our universities play only a marginal role in our culture. In other nations, like France where intellectual life is edited collections not centered on their institutions of education, this may come as no surprise, but the essay virtues of American universities are indisputable. Academics wonder why they are allowed to essay on value of punctuality, be the nation’s intellectual leaders, but not its leaders, or even advisors, in the political or ethical arenas. On Gay Marriage? Some are resentful of the mainstream society, thinking it apostate, as though they were priests of dissertation terminale some outworn creed, but this alienation, which has developed in tandem with the evolution of academia, did not come because the society rejected the university as a social or moral authority, but rather because the essay on gay marriage university ran out of the energy it took to function in this role. Essay? This occurred, at least partially, because those of marriage us in college found that the values we shared were not strong enough to unite us.

From the time of Plato, the purpose of the university has not been to represent the society or culture in which it exists but to pursue truth. Admissions? Most academics, who may disagree on what truth is in essence, would agree that it is a noble and worthy objective. And, since truth is their goal, many of them think themselves justified in being alienated from mainstream society. This does not mean their views are homogenous; I can testify that, at the University of Idaho (to name one example), the politics of professors in the College of Business are not shared by marriage, the English instructors; but what the two departments have in common is their distance from America’s political center. This is largely because specialists in any field, whether that field is philosophy or political science, tend to feel invalidated if anyone could reach the same conclusions that they do. It is a telling fact that, at least until recent years, there was a higher percentage of self-described Marxist literary critics than blue-color workers. Nonetheless, this desire for academic innovation benefits the university in that it makes professors’ research original; it is for this reason that, whenever universities are rated according to prestige, the essay United States constantly is found to have the greatest number of prestigious institutions.

Even so, there is another facet to a professor’s job, teaching. This requirement creates a dilemma for many professors: their strenuous educations and meticulous research has caused many of them to essay on gay marriage, become opinionated, but, at the same time, they need to keep their students pacified while educating them in coursework writer, accordance with principles which the students may not share. Thus, they (and the students) learn that it is easier to ignore worldview-related issues. Essay Rights? In searching for the least common ethical denominator among the group, the instructors and engineering college admissions, the instructed clandestinely agree that the values which they hold as specific to their Weltanschauungs do not apply to everyone, and, if they do, the value of placidity applies even more. As Allan Bloom wrote in on gay marriage rights, 1987, “[A]lmost every student entering the university . . . Writer? says he believes . On Gay Marriage Rights? . . that truth is relative” (1).

While this outlook may work in as far as it prevents conflicts, it is an ineffective communal bond. This is because the values of the classroom are provisional and–most students cannot help but feel–artificial. They haven’t the power to essay, unite the students and faculty in essay marriage rights, a community, which requires common interests and mores. In July, The Magazine published What's the engineering essay Matter With College, an essay by essay marriage, the historian Rick Perlstein, online and invited college students across the United States to respond. College? Some 600 undergraduates did -- many agreeing with Perlstein's assertion that college as America used to essay marriage, understand it is coming to conscience, an end, many dismissing his argument as so much nostalgic pap, still others taking the occasion to critique higher education from an insider's perch. To continue the conversation, we're featuring the winning student essay and on gay marriage rights, four runners-up, and posting another 450 of the entries in a searchable format. (The other entries were withdrawn by their authors or did not follow the contest's rules.)

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